EU External Migration Policy and the Protection of Human Rights
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A Practices of Assemblage Analysis of Joint Operation Poseidon 2018 in Lesvos
THE EUROPEAN SECURITISATION OF MIGRATION ASSEMBLAGE A Practices of Assemblage Analysis of Joint Operation Poseidon 2018 in Lesvos Renske Thalia Poelma 3853993 Utrecht University May 2019 A Thesis submitted to the Board of Examiners in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Studies & Human Rights. The European Securitisation of Migration Assemblage | R. T. Poelma ii The European Securitisation of Migration Assemblage | R. T. Poelma THE EUROPEAN SECURITISATION OF MIGRATION ASSEMBLAGE A Practices of Assemblage Analysis of Joint Operation Poseidon 2018 in Lesvos Renske Thalia Poelma 3853993 Utrecht University May 2019 A Thesis submitted to the Board of Examiners in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Studies & Human Rights. iii The European Securitisation of Migration Assemblage | R. T. Poelma Name of supervisor: Dr. Jolle Demmers Date of submission: 07-05-2019 Programme Trajectory: Research & Thesis Writing (30 ECTS) Word count: 26,984 words Cover page photo: Cover photo taken by the author on 8 July 2018 showing a Frontex surveillance vessel turning around in the strait of Mytilene (Aegean Sea) near Molyvos in the North of the island. Turkey in the background, five kilometres away. Inside design: © Zofia Lasocka (graphic designer) Warsaw, Poland. iv The European Securitisation of Migration Assemblage | R. T. Poelma _ for Oma An incredible woman who tended to the wounds of thousands of soldiers and civilians (regardless of their nationality or ethnicity: Jew, German, Dutch or Indonesian) during the war in the Netherlands and after the war ended in Europe, in the (then) Dutch Indies where she worked for the Red Cross side by side with the Dutch Military. -
Legal Rules Applicable to the Equitable Maritime Boundaries Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: an Egyptian Perspective
Legal Rules Applicable to the Equitable Maritime Boundaries Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: An Egyptian Perspective Ibrahim Ahmed EL Diwany United Nations – The Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme 2018 Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations, The Nippon Foundation of Japan, The Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt or Utrecht University. Abstract The Eastern Mediterranean Sea Basin is a semi-enclosed Sea bordered by ten States. The growing economic interests in the basin natural resources have motivated the basin States to claim jurisdiction over its exclusive economic zones and continental shelves. The absence of defined maritime boundaries, in this confined basin with numerous islands, have generated contesting claims between basin States on the overlapping undelimited maritime areas. The majority of maritime boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are not delimited yet. Only four maritime boundaries, out of seventeen potential boundaries, were delimited by agreements. The delimitation of maritime boundaries in the basin is vital. It establishes legal certainty to maritime boundaries that enables basin States to exercise safely their sovereignty rights for exploring and exploiting their natural resources in their maritime areas. The research paper aims to identify the legal rules and principles governing maritime boundaries delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Basin and its application on the delimitation of Egypt’s maritime boundaries with opposite and adjacent States. It explores in the first part the “equidistance/special circumstances” rule applicable for the delimitation of the territorial sea, the “agreement/equitable result” rule applicable for the delimitation of the extended maritime zones and the “equidistance/relevant circumstances” rule considered in recent jurisprudence. -
1 James Kraska
C URRICULUM V ITAE James Kraska Stockton Center for the Study of International Law United States Naval War College 686 Cushing Rd. Newport, RI 02841 (401) 841-1536 [email protected] Education S.J.D. University of Virginia School of Law LL.M. University of Virginia School of Law J.D. Indiana University Maurer School of Law M.A.I.S. School of Politics and Economic, Claremont Graduate School B.A. Mississippi State University, summa cum laude Professional Experience Present Chairman and Howard S. Levie Professor (Full professor with tenure) Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College Fall 2017 Visiting Professor of Law and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on World Organization, Harvard Law School 2013-14 Mary Derrickson McCurdy Visiting Scholar, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 2008-13 Professor of Law, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College Fall 2012 Visiting Professor of Law, University of Maine School of Law 2007-08 Director, International Negotiations Division, Global Security Affairs, Joint Staff, Pentagon 2005-07 Oceans Law and Policy Adviser, Joint Staff, Pentagon 2002-05 Deputy Legal Adviser, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Plans, Policy and Operations, Pentagon 2001-02 International Law Adviser, Office of the Navy Judge Advocate General, Pentagon 1999-01 Legal Adviser, Expeditionary Strike Group Seven/Task Force 76, Japan 1996-99 Legal Adviser, Dep’t of Defense Joint Interagency Task Force West 1993-96 Criminal Trial Litigator, U.S. Naval Legal Service Office, Japan 1992-93 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution * 1993-2013, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, U.S. -
Migration Germany Welcomes Refugees
per VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, 2016 ConcordiamJournal of European Security and Defense Issues n WOLVES AMONG SHEEP? n MIGRANT DEMOGRAPHICS Refugees pose little terrorism threat The vulnerability of women and children n A LUCRATIVE ENTERPRISE PLUS Demand drives human smuggling The role of international law n LESSONS FROM HISTORY Fixing a broken system Europe’s experience with migration Germany welcomes refugees MIGRATION Balancing Human Rights and Security Table of Contents features ON THE COVER The flood of migrants into Europe, many moving through the Balkans to Germany, often face the rain and cold in search of a better life. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS 38 7 The Complexities of Migration 22 Terrorism and Mass Migration By Dr. Carolyn Haggis and Dr. Petra Weyland, Marshall Center By Dr. Sam Mullins, Marshall Center Faculty Overview Violent extremists rarely emerge from the ranks of Europe’s refugees. 10 Refugees in Europe By Dr. Anne Hammerstad 30 Alumni in Their Own Words Integrating asylum seekers — not freezing By Ana Breben of Romania, Rear Adm. (Ret.) Ivica immigration — is critical to pre-empting conflict. Tolić of Croatia, Maj. Bassem Shaaban of Lebanon, and Lt. Cmdr. Ilir Çobo of Albania (co-authored with Suard Alizoti) 18 A Practitioner’s Solution for Europe’s Four Marshall Center alumni detail how migration has impacted their countries. Migration Challenge By Kostas Karagatsos The European Union should appeal to its legal system to handle migration flows. 2 per Concordiam in every issue 4 DIRECTOR’S LETTER 5 CONTRIBUTORS 8 VIEWPOINT 64 BOOK REVIEW 66 CALENDAR 48 54 38 Countering Migrant Smuggling 54 A Legal Look at Migration By Rear Adm. -
Nationale Auswahlsitzung Des EJP
Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e.V. (EJP) Nationale Auswahlsitzung des EJP zum Oberthema „Regional – Ökologisch – Nachhaltig?“ in Passau, 26. Mai – 02. Juni 2015 Abschlussbericht über eine Parlamentssimulation für Jugendliche, gefördert unter dem Az: 32763/01 von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt von Martha Stolze, Jakob Fölster, Anna Diehm, Christian Macht Berlin, Oktober 2015 Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland e.V. Sophienstr. 28-29 10178 Berlin E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: +49 (0) 30 280 95 – 155 Fax: +49 (0) 30 280 95 - 150 www.eyp.de 06/02 Projektkennblatt der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt Az Referat Fördersumme 24.999,00 € 32763/01 43/0 Antragstitel Nationale Auswahlsitzung des Europäischen Jugendparlaments in Deutschland zum Oberthema 'Regional – Ökologisch – Nachhaltig?' in Passau Stichworte Laufzeit Projektbeginn Projektende Projektphase(n) 3 Monate 01.05.2015 01.08.2015 1 Zwischenberichte Bewilligungsempfänger Europäisches Jugendparlament in Deutschland Tel 030 280 95 155 Sophienstr. 28-29 Fax 030 280 95 150 10178 Berlin Projektleitung Martha Stolze Bearbeiter Kooperationspartner Zielsetzung und Anlaß des Vorhabens Durch die erweiterte Parlamentssimulation des Europäischen Jugendparlaments (EJP) in Passau setz- ten sich die jugendlichen Teilnehmer intensiv mit dem Oberthema der Vereinbarkeit von ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit und wirtschaftlichem Fortschritt auf regionaler Ebene auseinander. Zielsetzung war es, die Jugendlichen für Umweltproblematiken zu sensibilisieren und über die Gestaltung einer gewissenhaften, nachhaltigen Umweltpolitik zu reflektieren. Als abschließende Veranstaltung unseres Schulwettbewerbs diskutierten die Gewinner aus den Regio- nalen Vorentscheiden in Passau zu dem Thema „Regional – Ökologisch – Nachhaltig?“ eine Woche lang neun verschiedene Fragestellungen, fassten ihre Lösungen und Ideen in Resolutionen und debattierten diese anschließend in der Parlamentarischen Vollversammlung im Stil des Europäischen Parlaments. -
Building Walls: Fear and Securitization in the European Union
CENTRE DELÀS REPORT 35 Fear and securitization in the European Union Authors: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto · Pere Brunet Published by: Centre Delàs d’Estudis per la Pau Carrer Erasme de Janer 8, entresol, despatx 9 08001 Barcelona T. 93 441 19 47 www.centredelas.org [email protected] This research is part of Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto’s doctoral thesis for the “Peace, Conflict and Development” programme at Jaume I University. Researchers: Ainhoa Ruiz Benedicto, Pere Brunet Acknowledgements: Guillem Mases, Edgar Vega, Julia Mestres, Teresa de Fortuny, Cinta Bolet, Gabriela Serra, Brian Rusell, Niamh Eastwood, Mark Akkerman. Translator: María José Oliva Parada Editors: Jordi Calvo Rufanges, Nick Buxton Barcelona, September 2018 Design and layout: Esteva&Estêvão Cover photo: Stockvault; p. 11: Ashley Gilbertson/VII/Redux; p. 5: blublu.org p. 9: www.iamawake.co; p. 21: Georgi Licovski/EPA D.L.: B-19744-2010 ISSN: 2013-8032 INDEX Executive summary . 5 Foreword . 9 1 . Building walls . 12 1.1 New security policies in the border area.........................12 1.2 European border policy: towards securitization and militarisation...............................................13 1.3 The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).........14 2 . Mental walls . 16. 2.1 Concept and practice of fortress europe.........................16 2.2 Mental walls in Europe: the rise of racism and xenophobia ......17 3 . Physical walls . 23 3.1 Walls surrounding Europe ..................................... 23 3.2 Land walls .....................................................25 3.3 Maritime walls ................................................ 30 4 . Virtual walls . 34 4.1 Virtual walls and surveillance systems ........................ 34 4.2 Systems for the control and storage of data on movements across borders................................. 34 4.3 Surveillance system for border areas: EUROSUR............... -
The European Union's Dublin Regulation and the Migrant
Washington University Global Studies Law Review Volume 19 Issue 2 2020 THE EUROPEAN UNION’S DUBLIN REGULATION AND THE MIGRANT CRISIS Kimara Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies Part of the Immigration Law Commons Recommended Citation Kimara Davis, THE EUROPEAN UNION’S DUBLIN REGULATION AND THE MIGRANT CRISIS, 19 WASH. U. GLOBAL STUD. L. REV. 259 (), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol19/iss2/3 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Global Studies Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EUROPEAN UNION’S DUBLIN REGULATION AND THE MIGRANT CRISIS INTRODUCTION In 2015, over one million migrants1 arrived in the European Union (“EU”).2 Many of the migrants were fleeing war and persecution in Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea and other countries in Africa and the Middle East.3 The majority of the migrants sought asylum in the EU, a haven where they believed they could find work and opportunities for a better life.4 The EU, however, was financially and administratively unprepared for the unprecedented influx of migrants because it was recovering from a financial crisis.5 The EU’s migration policy, embodied in its “Dublin Regulation III” (the “Dublin Regulation”), requires that migrants register and apply for asylum in the EU member state they enter first.6 7 Consequently, EU member states (“Member States”) closest in proximity 1 The term migrant refers to a person who moves from one place to another and includes both people who are seeking asylum and refugee status and people who are seeking new economic opportunities. -
The EU's Shifting Practices of (Non-) Assistance and Bordering in a Time
20242830343840424344454647484950545860646870741012131415161718192122232526272931323335363739415152535556575961626365666769717273757611 EUROPE AT A CROSSROADS : MANAGED INHOSPITALITY Ebbing and Flowing: The EU’s Shifting Practices of (Non-) Assistance and Bordering in a Time of Crisis CHARLES HELLER + LORENZO PEZZANI CHARLES HELLER is a researcher and filmmaker and researcher whose work has a long-standing focus on the politics of migration. In 2015 Originally from Switzerland, he The movements of illegalised migrants and the bordering of the Mediterranean Sea completed a Ph.D. in 2015 in Research have seen momentous transformations since the beginning of the Arab uprisings in Architecture at Goldsmiths, University of 2011.* 1 The fall of the Ben Ali regime in Tunisia and the Qaddafi regime in Libya London, where he continues to be affiliated as a have allowed migrants to at least temporarily re-open maritime routes which had Research Fellow. He is currently based in Cairo, conducting a postdoctoral research supported been sealed off through the collaboration between the EU and North African states. by the Swiss National Fund (SNF) at the Centre The civil war that has engulfed Syria since 2012 has in turn led to the largest exodus for Migration and Refugee Studies, American since the Second World War While the majority of population movements unleashed University, Cairo and the Centre d’Etudes et de by conflicts in the region have occurred on the southern shore of the Mediterranean, Documentation Economiques, Juridiques et record numbers of people have sought to reach the EU by boat, and equally Sociales, Cairo. His as part of the “Precarious unprecedented numbers of deaths at sea have been recorded – 3,195 in 2014 and Trajectories” documentary project based at 3,772 in 2015 according to IOM data. -
BORDER SECURITY.Pdf
COMMITTEE ON THE CIVIL DIMENSION OF SECURITY (CDS) BORDER SECURITY Special Report by Lord JOPLING (United Kingdom) Special Rapporteur 134 CDS 19 E rev. 1 fin | Original: English | 12 October 2019 134 CDS 19 E rev.1 fin TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 II. LAND BORDERS: THREE HOTSPOTS ................................................................................. 1 A. US-MEXICO BORDER .................................................................................................. 1 B. THE WESTERN BALKANS ROUTE .............................................................................. 7 C. CEUTA AND MELILLA: SPANISH ENCLAVES IN NORTH AFRICA ............................. 9 III. MARITIME ROUTES: AN UPDATE ON THE SITUATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN........ 10 IV. AIRPORT SECURITY 18 YEARS AFTER 9/11: NEW CHALLENGES ................................. 15 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 21 134 CDS 19 E rev.1 fin I. INTRODUCTION 1. In the past several years, the ability to protect the external borders of Europe has been tested by the extraordinary movement of people fleeing violence and poverty in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The security of borders has become a top priority for many Allies, from the United States -
University of Hawaii School of Law Library
by Professor Jon M. Van Dyke University of Hawaii NIl~~:=:~ MARrTlME INSTITUTE OF MAlAYSIA INSTITUT MARITIM MALAYSIA .:n: .:r=.e- 1 - 2 All· gus t es;== ~~~ Prince Hotel And Residence, Kuala Lumpur University of Hawaii School of Law Library - Jon Van Dyke Archives Collection Fifth MIMA Conference on the Straits .of Malacca: Present and Filture Perspectives Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia August 1-2, 2006 Transit Passage Through International Straits Jon M. Van Dyke William S. Richardson School of Law University of Hawai'i at Manoa [email protected] The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Ii 974-1982).1 The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea began in 1974 in Caracas,' Venezuela, amid great fanfare and high expectations. The delegations gathered to negotiate a comprehensive treaty that would clarify and bring certainty to the many ocean issues that had divided nations over the years. Eight years later, after long negotiating, sessions that, alternated between New York and Geneva, the Law of the Sea Convention was completed, and on December 10, 1982, 119 nations signed the document in Montego Bay, Jamaica. The Convention came into force in July 1994 after a sufficient number of countries had formally ratified the treaty.2 . I ' One of the central disputes among the countries negotiating this treaty concerned the width of the territorial sea, coastal state control of its adj acent --1· A few sections of this paper are adaptedfromJon M. VanDyke, Legal and Practical Problems-Governing International·· Straits, in OCEAN YEARBOOK 12 at 109 (Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Norton Ginsburg, and Joseph R. -
Search and Rescue, Disembarkation and Relocation Arrangements in the Mediterranean Sailing Away from Responsibility? Sergio Carrera and Roberto Cortinovis No
Search and rescue, disembarkation and relocation arrangements in the Mediterranean Sailing Away from Responsibility? Sergio Carrera and Roberto Cortinovis No. 2019-10, June 2019 Abstract Search and Rescue (SAR) and disembarkation of persons in distress at sea in the Mediterranean continue to fuel divisions among EU member states. The ‘closed ports’ policy declared by the Italian Ministry of Interior in June 2018, and the ensuing refusal to let NGO ships conducting SAR operations enter Italian ports, has resulted in unresolved diplomatic rows between some European governments and EU institutions, and grave violations of the human rights of people attempting to cross the Mediterranean. This paper examines how current political controversies surrounding SAR and disembarkation in the Mediterranean unfold in a policy context characterised by a ‘contained mobility’ paradigm that has materialised in the increasing penalisation of humanitarian SAR NGOs, a strategic and gradual operational disengagement from SAR activities by the EU and its member states, and the delegation of containment tasks to the Libyan coast guard (so-called ‘pullbacks’), a development that has been indirectly supported by EU institutions. These policies have contributed to substantially widen the gap in SAR capabilities in the Central Mediterranean. This research has been conducted under the ReSOMA project. ReSOMA receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement 770730. The opinions expressed in this paper are attributable solely to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated, nor can they be taken in any way to reflect the views of the European Commission'. -
Operation Themis Impaginato Eng.Pdf
Since almost five years now, the agency to handle it, its mandate has migratory phenomenon that from the been widen and strengthen North African and Middle Eastern transforming Frontex in the European coasts crosses the Mediterranean Sea Border and Coast Guard Agency. Going and arrives in the European territory into details, Frontex is today able, in keeps on representing a challenge for emergency situations, to quickly deploy 2 those States and the agencies of the border and coast guard officers from a European Union (EU) that struggle rapid reaction pool of at least 1.500 containing it. With time many EU-led men and women. Moreover, among the operations, in which Italy has always other functions it performs, the agency had a determining role, have been shares the intelligence collected on launched for handling the crisis. The people suspected of being involved in most recent one started on the first of criminal activities with national February 2018, it is called Themis and is authorities and other European managed by the EU agency Frontex. institutions. It is precisely in this new First of all, it is relevant to remind that framework that operation Themis in Frontex was founded in 2005 as the the central Mediterranean Sea was European Agency for the Management born, replacing the previous Frontex of Operation Cooperation at the operation named Triton. Therefore, External Borders. Its task, in fact, was with the end of identifying the change to help States of the Union of path the agency has made by implementing the communitarian rules launching Themis, it is necessary to about checks at the borders of the recall tasks, operational area, successes Schengen area, ensuring that the and failures of Triton.