Glossary (Main Species)

For the authorities of botanical names of other grasses referred to in the text, see the Flora of Tropical East Africa by E.S. Clayton and co-workers (1970; 1974; 1982). In order to avoid ambiguity all common names begin with capital letters: ~hodes- , but also §lephantgrass.

!!.othriochloa insculpta (A. Rich.) A. Camus !!.rachiaria decumbens Stapf (syn. !!.. ruziziensis) Signal -Cenchrus -ciliaris L. Bulfel fhlori s flEl.ana Kunth Rhodes Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendle Citronella f ynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan Giant Star f ynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst Common Star fynodon E!£.ctostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg. Naivasha Star Qactyloctenium ~inatum Hack. Crowfoot Qigitaria ~ssin ica (A. Rich.) Stapf (syn. D. scalarum; D. vestita) African Couch; Chiendent Qigitaria macroblephara (Hack.) Stapf Qigitaria milanjiana (Rendle) Stapf (syn. Diqitaria mombasana) Qigitaria velutina (Forssk.) P. Beauv. Eleusine coracana L. Finger millet; Wimbi Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Wimbi ~leusine ~geri Pilg. Manyatta ~ntolasia imbricata Stapf Bungoma ~ragrost is racemosa (Thunb .) Steud. (syn. E. boehmii) ~ragro st i s ~erba Peyr. Masai Love ~ragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud. ~xotheca ~ssinica (A. Rich.) Anderss. !ieteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. Spear !iyparrhenia ~baria (L.) Stapf !!.yparrhenia fl!.ipendula (Hochst.) Stapf !iyparrhenia ~a (Nees) Stapf !iyperthelia dissoluta (Steud.) W.O. Clayton lmperata 9iindrica (L.) Raeuschel Imperata !:!>udetia !5ED.erensis (K. Schum.) Hutch . Russet !:!>udetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubbard Russet Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. Molasses ~loratum -Panicum - L. Coloured Guinea Panicum maximum Jacq. Common Guinea faspalum scrobiculatum L. (syn. P. commersonii) Paspalum ~ennisetum ~ucum (L) R.Br. Pearl millet -Pennisetum -clandestinum Chiov. Kikuyu ~enn isetum l!!!!:.pureum Schumach Elephant; Napier --Pennisetum mezianum Leeke ~enn isetum ~acelatum (Nees) Th. Our & Schinz (syn. P. schimperi) Wire --Pennisetum stramineum Peter ~ennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth. (syn. Beckeropsis uniseta) J!hynchelytrum ~ens (Willd.) C.E. Hubbard §.etaria ~acelata (Schumach.) Moss var. sericea (Stapf) W.O. Clayton Setaria

311 312

§.etaria sphaeelata var. ~endida (syn. ! ~endida) Giant Setaria §.orghum x almum Parodi Columbusgrass Sorghum bieolor(L.) Moench (syn. vulgare) Sorghum ~orghum -;- drummondii (Steud.) iIlsp. & Chase (syn. S. sudanense) Sudangrass §.porobolus l!l!.amidalis P. Beauv. Themeda triandra Forssk Themeda; Red Oat

Exotic grasses

Avena sativa L. Oats f-olium perenne L. Perennial Rye Qaetylis glomerata L. Cocksfoot --Festuca arundinaeea Schreb. Tall Fescue -Festuea -rubra L. Red Fescue Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Dallis Paspalum ;;tatum FIiigge Bahia fripsaeum andersonii J.R. Gray (syn. T. laxum) Guatemala

Legumes

fentrosema ~escens Benth. Centro Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb . Greenleaf Qesmodiumuncinatum (Jacq.) DC. Silverleaf . f-oblab l!!!!:.pureus (L.) Sweet Lablab Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Leucaena Lotononis bainesii Baker Lotononis Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Siratro M edicago sativa L. Lucerne !!..eonotonia Y!iB.htii (Wight & Arnott) Lackay (syn. Glycine wightii) Glycine fuerar ia l!!!E.seoloides (Roxb.) Benth. Puero; Kudzu Stylosanthesfruticosa (Retz.) Alston ~tylosanthes ~anensis (AubI.) Sw. (syn. S. gracilis) Stylo §.tylosanthes humilis H.B.K. Townsville Stylo Trifolium !E!.ens L. White clover Trifolium rueppellianum Fresen Rueppels clover Irifolium semipilosum Fresen Kenya white clover Abbreviations and Units

a.i. Active ingredient Ann Rep Annual Report CAB Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaus, Farnham Royal CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia D-value % In-vitro digestible organic matter DM Dry matter EARCC East African Range Classification Committee FAO Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agroforestry ILCA International Livestock Centre of Africa INEAC Institut National d'Etude Agronomique du Congo IHE Initial Head Emergence; 5-10 heads emerged per m' (K) Kenya KARl Kenya Agricultural Research Institute KDA Kenya Department of Agriculture LWG Liveweight gain L.U . Livestock Unit (450kg Iiveweight) N,P,K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N°; So Northern, Southern latitude OHD Optimum Harvest Date OM Organic Matter PGS Pure Germinating Seed (T) Tanzania (U) Uganda UDA Uganda Department of Agriculture UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

313 References

Abate, A., H. Kayonge-Male & C.N. Karue, 1981. Dry Anderson, G.D., 1968b. Effects of fertilizers on botanical matter, protein, energy and fibre intake by dairy heifers composition and productivity of pasture on the sandy grazing a Rhodes (Chloris gayana) pasture. Anim. Feed Sci. soils of the Tanganyika coast. East Afr. agric. For. J. 34: Techn.6: 15-26. 207-216. Abate, A., H. Kayonge-Male, A.N. Abate & J.D. Wachira, 1984. Anderson, G.D., B.G. Houston & P.J. Northwood, 1966. Effects Chemical composition, digestibility and intake of Kenyan of soil, cultivation history and weather on response of wheat feedstuffs by ruminants - a review. Nutr. Abstr. Revs 54: to fertilizers in Northern Tanzania . Exp. Agric. 2: 183­ 1-13. 200. Abeele, M. van den & R. Vandenput, 1951. De Voornaamste Anderson, G.D. & Z. Naveh, 1965.The influence of climate and Cultures van Belgisch-Congo (Les Principales Cultures du soil on the productivity of certain promising grasses and Congo Beige). Brussel. legumes in northern Tanzania. Afr. Soils 10: 241-255. Acland, J.D., 1971. East African Crops. Longman. Anderson, G.D. & Z. Naveh, 1968. Promising pasture plants for Addison, K.B., 1956.The effectof various cultural and manurial northern Tanzania. V. Overall comparisons of promising treatments on Napier fodder. I. Effect of nitrogen and plants. East Afr. agric. For. J. 34: 84-105 . phosphate on the production of Napier. Rhod. agric. J. 53: Anindo, D.O. & H.L. Potter, 1986. Milk production from 491-506. Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) in a zero-grazing feed­ Addison, K.B., 1958a. The effect of various cultural and ma­ ing system. East Afr. agric. For. J. 52: 106-111. nurial treatments on Napier fodder. III. The effect of nitro­ Anonymous, 1959. Notes on Kenya agriculture. VI. Grass leys gen and lime on the production of Napier fodder. Rhod. and grassland plants. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 223-236. agric. J. 55: 33-39. Anslow, R.C., 1958. Controlling ant removal of Setaria Addison, K.B., 1958b. The effect of various cultural and ma­ sphacelata. Emp. J. expoAgric. 26: 55- 57. nurial treatments on Napier fodder. IV. The effect of deep Arkel, H. van, 1977. New forage crop introductions for the cultivations on the production of Napier fodder. Rhod. agric. semi-arid highland areas of Kenya as a means to increase J. 55: 187-191. beef production. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 25: 135-150. Addy, B.L. & D. Thomas, 1977. Intensive fattening of beef Arkel, H. van, 1979. Weed control in cold tolerant sorghum. cattle on Rhodes grass pastures on the Lilongwe plain, 'Irop. Agric. (Trin.) 56: 105-113. Malawi. Trop. Anim. Hlth Prod. 9: 99-106. Arkel, H. van, 1982. The identification and introduction of a Agricultural Research Conference, Nairobi, 1947. East Afr. new crop in the highlands of Kenya. Thesis Wageningen. agric. J. 13: 65-87. Atlas of Kenya, 1959; 1970. Survey of Kenya, Nairobi. Agyemang, K., L.P. Nkhonjera, M.H. Butterworth & 1. Mcin­ Atlas of Uganda, 1962. Department of Lands and Surveys, tire, 1988. Productivity and profitability of cattle stall-fed for Entebbe. beef on smallholder farms in Malawi. ILCA Bull. 32. Baker, H.G., 1978. Invasion and replacement in Californian Ahn, P.M., 1974. Some observations on basic and applied and neotropical grassland. In: J.R. Wilson (Ed.), Plant Rela­ research in shifting cultivation. In: Shifting cultivation and tions in Pastures. CSIRO. soil conservation in Africa. FAD Soils Bull. 24. Ball, RS ., 1935. The cultivation of lucerne. East Afr. agric. J. 1: Allan, A.Y., 1972.The influence of agronomic factors on maize 29-36. yield in Western Kenya, with special reference to time of Ball, R.S., 1936. Mixed farming in East Africa. I. Grassland and planting. Thesis Makerere. arable dairying in certain parts of Kenya. Timboroa, Molo, Allan, A.Y., 1976. The effects of sulphur on maize yields in Upper Gilgil, Thomson Falls, Njoro, Rongai, Subukia. East western Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 313-322. Afr. agric. J. 1: 399-411. Anderson, G.D., 1965. Estimates of the potential productivity Ball, R.S., 1937. Experimental work with crops and pastures in of some pastures in the Mbulu Highlands of Tanganyika by the Rift Valley and Molo areas of Kenya 1934-36. East Afr. application of fertilizers. East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 206-218. agric. J. 2: 254-269. Anderson, G.D., 1968a. Promising pasture plants for northern Banage, W.B. & SA Visser, 1967. Soil moisture and tempera­ Tanzania. VI. Practical suggestions for pasture improve­ ture levels and fluctuations in one year in a Uganda soil ment. East Afr. agric. For. J. 34: 106-116. catena. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: 450-455. 315 316

Barker, J.R. & M.M. Kidar, 1989. Herbage yields of Cenchrus Blouard,R. & T. Behaeghe, 1961. Etablissement et exploitation ciliaris L. increase with clipping. 'Irop. Grasslds 23: 80-83. des piiturages en region forestiere equatoriale. Bull. In! Barnard, C, 1972. Register of Australian Herbage Plant Cul­ INEAC 10: 109-124. tivars . CSIRO, Canberra. Blouard, R. & L. Thuriaux, 1962. Stylosanthes gracilis, son Bartholomew, W.V., J. Meyer & H. Laudelout, 1953. Mineral comportement et son utilisation au Congo. Bull. In! INEAC nutrient immobilization under forest and grass fallow in the 11: 339-355. Yangambi (Belgian Congo) region. Ser. techno INEAC 57: Bock, K.R., EJ. Guthrie & H.Y. Kulkarni, 1973. Notes on East 1-27. African plant virus diseases. 3. Pea mosaic virus. East Afr. Bauer, P.J., 1975. Fodder crops for the small-scale fanner. agric. For J. 39: 77-81. Kitale report. Bogdan, A.V., 1949a. Observations on palatability of some Bauer, P.J., 1976. Lupins in East Africa, a review. Kitale report leguminous plants of Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 15: 38-40. (PRP/12). Bogdan, A.V., 1949b. Two species of Star grass in Kenya . East Beckley, VA, 1940. Compost-making in Kenya. Emp. J. exp o Afr. agric. J. 15: 102-103. Agric. 8: 311-318. Bogdan, A.V., 1950. A list of weeds of the Kenya highlands. Behaeghe, T., 1960. Conservation et utilisation des semences de East Afr. agric. J. 15: 118-123. graminees, Bull. agric. Congo 51: 1223-1240. Bogdan, A.V., 1954. Bush-clearing and grazing trial at Kisokon, Behaeghe, T. & R. Blouard, 1962. Amelioration des semences et Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 19: 253-259. selection des plantes prairiales au Congo, au Rwanda et au Bogdan, A.V., 1955. Herbage plants at the Grassland Research Burundi. Bull. In! INEAC 11: 307-338. Station, Kitale, Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 151-165. Bellis, E., 1958. Notes on Kenya agriculture. II. Tabulated Bogdan, A.V., 1956. Indigenous clovers of Kenya . East Afr. Recommendations. East Afr. agric. J. 23: 234-235. agric. J. 22: 40-45. Bennison, R.H. & D.O. Evans, 1968. Some effects of crop Bogdan, A.V., 1958a. A Revised List of Kenya Grasses with rotation on the productivity of crops on a red earth in a Keys for Identification. Govt Printer, Nairobi. semi-arid tropical climate . J. agric. Sci. 71: 365-380. Bogdan , A.V., 1958b. Some edaphic vegetation types at Bijman, P & J.B. Davis, 1973. Feeding of dairy cattle in the dry Kiboko, Kenya . J. Ecol. 46: 115-126. weather. Kenya Farmer, January: 21, 28. Bogdan, A.V., 1959a. The selection of tropical ley grasses in Bille, J.C., J.P. Lebrun & R. Riviere, 1969. Piiturages et Cul­ Kenya . General considerations and methods. East Afr. agric. tures Fourrageres en Afrique Intertropicale. IEMVT, Mai­ J. 24: 206-217. sons-Alfort. Bogdan, A.V., 1959b. Flowering habits of Chloris gayana. Proc. Birch, H.F., 1958. The effect of soil drying on humus decompo­ Linn. Soc. 170: 154-158. sition and nitrogen availability. Plant & Soil 10: 9-31. Bogdan, A.V., 1960a. The breeding behaviour of molasses grass Birch, H.F., 1960. Soil drying and soil fertility. Trap. Agric. in Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 49-50. (1rin.) 37: 3-10. Bogdan, A.V., 196Ob. A molasses grass variety trial. East Afr. Birch, H.F. & H.W. Dougall, 1967. Effect of a legume on soil agric. For. J. 26: 132-133. nitrogen mineralisation and percentage nitrogen in grasses. Bogdan, A.V., 196Oc. Climate and grass breeding in Kenya . Plant & Soil 27: 292-296. Proc. 8th intoGrassld Congr., Reading: 340-342. Birch, H.F. & M.T. Friend, 1956. The organic matter and Bogdan, A.V., 1961a. The depth of planting Rhodes grass seed. nitrogen status of East African soils. J. Soil Sci. 7: 156-167. East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 187. Birch, W.R., 1958a. The effects of weeds and their control by Bogdan, A.V., 1961b. Breeding behaviour of Cenchrus ciliaris in MCPA spraying on the establishment of perennial ryegrass Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 241. and cocksfoot in the Kenya highlands. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. Bogdan, A.V., 1961c. Intra-variety variation in Rhodes grass 13: 126-136. (Chloris gayana Kunth.) in Kenya . J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 16: Birch, W.R., 1958b. Observations on the flowering of exotic 238-239. pasture grasses in Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 142-147. Bogdan, A.V., 1961d. Hybridization in the "Setaria sphacelate" Birch, W.R., 1959a. High altitude leys. Kenya Farmer, July. complex in Kenya . Comptes Rendus 4< Reunion Pleniere de Birch, W.R., 1959b. High altitude ley agronomy in Kenya. Part I'AETFAT: 311-317. Lisboa. I. Observation on the climate and soil. East Afr. agric. J. 25: Bogdan, A.V., 1962. Grass pollination by bees in Kenya. Proc. 35-41. Linn. Soc. 173: 57-61. Birch, W.R., 1959c. High altitude ley agronomy in Kenya. Part Bogdan, A.V., 1963a. A note on the breeding behaviour of some II. The effects of phosphates and nitrogen. East Afr. aqric. J. East African grasses. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 18: 74. 25: 113-120. Bogdan, A.V., 1963b. Three interesting introductions from the Birch, W.R., 1960. High altitude ley agronomy in Kenya. Part local grass flora at Kitale, Kenya . J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 18: III. The effects of lime, molybdenum and some observations 247-248. on the use of legumes. East Afr. agric. J. 25: 156-164. Bogdan, A.V., 1963c. Chloris gayana without anthocyanin col­ Birch, W.R., 1964. The germination purity of some Kenya ouration. Heredity 18: 364-368. grasses. The results of ten years of seed testing in Kenya . Bogdan, A.V., 1963d. Notes on the damage by anny wonn East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 105-116. (Laphygma exempta) to grass species at Kitale, Kenya . East Blaser, R.E., C.E. Richey, W.G. Kirk & P.T. Dix Arnold, 1955. Afr. aqric. For. J. 29: 120-121. Experiments with Napier grass. Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. Bogdan, A.V., 1963e. A note on the breeding behaviour of Bull. 568. Panicum maximum in Kenya. Trap. Agric. (1rin.) 40: 313-314. 317

Bogdan, A.V., 1964a. A study of the depth of germination of fertilizer and planting density on Chloris gayana cv tropical grasses: a new approach. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 19: Mbarara. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 20: 218-224. 251-254. Boonman, J.G., 1972c. Experimental studies on the seed pro­ Bogdan, A.V., 1964b. Observations on Rhodes grass breeding. duction of tropical grasses in Kenya. V. The effectof time of East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 38-39. nitrogen top dressing on seed crops of Setaria sphacelata. Bogdan, A.V., 1965a. Cultivated varieties of tropical and sub­ Neth. J. agric. Sci. 20: 225- 231. tropical herbage plants in Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: Boonman, J.G., 1973a. Experimental studies on the seed pro­ 330-338. duction of tropical grasses in Kenya. VI. The effect of Bogdan, A.V., 1965b. Vegetative propagation of fodder and harvest date on seed yield in varieties of Setaria sphacelata, pasture grasses. Ken ya Fanner, April: 33-34. Chloris gayana and Panicum coloratum. Neth. J. agric. Sci. Bogdan, A.V., 1965c. Pasture and fodder grasses and legumes 21: 3-11. for medium and low altitudes. Ken ya Farmer, June: 30-35. Boonman, lG., 1973b. On the seed production of tropical Bogdan, A.V., 1966a. Plant introduction, selection, breeding grasses in Kenya. Agric. Res. Rep. 794. Wageningen. and multiplication. In: W. Davies & c.L. Skidmore (Eds), Boonman, lG., 1977. Report on a visit to Australia. Kitale Tropical Pastures. Faber & Faber. report. Bogdan, A.V., 1966b. Glycine javanica under experimental cul­ Boonman, J.G., 1978a. Rhodes grass breeding in Kenya. I. tivation in Kenya. Trop. Agric. (Trin .) 43: 99-105. Intra-variety variation and character relationships. Eu­ Bogdan, A.V., 1966c. Seed morphology of some cultivated phyt ica 27: 127-136. African grasses. Proc. into Seed Test. Ass. 31: 789-799. Boonman, J.G., 1978b. Rhodes grass breeding in Kenya. II. Bogdan, A.V., 1966d. Pollination and breeding behaviour in the Clonal evaluation for seed yield within maturity classes of Trifolium rueppellianum complex in Kenya. New Phytol . 65: two varieties. Euphytica 27: 419-426. 417-422. Boonman, lG., I978c. Rhodes grass breeding in Kenya. III. Bogdan, A.V., I966e. Weeds in herbage seeds in Kenya. East Seed and herbage yield in selections of four maturity classes Afr. agric. For. J. 32: 63-66. based upon intra-variety variation. Euphytica 27: 649-656. Bogdan, A.V., 1969. Rhodes grass. Review Article. Herb. Abstr. Boonman, J.G., 1978d. Herbage quality in Rhodes grass 39: 1-13. (Chloris gayana Kunth). I. The effect of heading date on Bogdan, A.V., 1971. Notes on bunt disease of setaria grass. intra-variety variation in yield and in-vitro digestibility. Ken ya Farmer 183:81. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 26: 304- 311. Bogdan, A.V., 1977. Tropical Pastures and Fodder Plants. Boonman, J.G., 1978e. Herbage quality in Rhodes grass Longman. (Chloris gayana Kunth). II. Intra-variety variation in yield Bogdan, A.V. & E.M. Kidner, 1967.Grazing natural grassland and digestibility of plants of similar date. N eth. J. agric. Sci. in western Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 33: 31-34. 26: 337-343. Bogdan, A.V. & E. Mwakha, 1970. Observations on some Boonman, J.G., 1979a. Tropical grass seed production in grassflegume mixtures under grazing. East Afr. agric. For. J. Africa with particular reference to Kenya. In: P.A. Sanchez 36: 35-38. & L.E. Tergas (Eds), Pasture Production in Acid Soils of Bogdan, A.V. & DJ. Pratt, 1961. Common Acacias of Kenya. the Tropics. Proc. CIAT Seminar, Cali, 1978. CIAT 03 Govt Printer, Nairobi. EG-5. Bogdan, A.V. & DJ. Pratt, 1967. Reseeding Denuded Pastoral Boonman, J.G., 1979b. Fodders of East Africa. Kitale report. Land in Kenya. Govt Printer, Nairobi. Boonman, lG., 1980. Seed production of tropical grasses in Bogdan, A.V. & A. Storrar, 1954. The control of Aristida and Kenya. In: P. D. Hebblethwaite (Ed.), Seed Production. other annuals in Kenya Rift Valley pastures. Emp. J. ex po Proc. 28th Easter School in Agricultural Science. Nottingham. Agric. 22: 211-223. 1978. Butterworths. Bohlen, E., 1973. Crop Pests in Tanzania and their Control. Boonman, LG; 1983. Forage production on small farms: les­ Paul Parey. sons from East Africa. In: MJ. Chang (Ed.), Seminar Agri­ Boonman, J.G., 1969. Sorghum-sudan grass hybrids for dry cultural Research in Rwanda, Kigali. ISNAR report. season grazing. Ken ya Weekly N ews, July. Boonman, J.G., 1984. Pastures. In: PJ. Terry (Ed.), Guide to Boonman, lG., 1971a. Experimental studies on the seed Weed Control in East African Crops. Kenya Literature production of tropical grasses in Kenya. I. General intro­ Bureau, Nairobi. duction and analysis of problems. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 19: Boonman, J.G., DJ. Glas & A.J.P. van Wijk, 1979. Grass 23-26. breeding. In: J. Sneep & A.J.T. Hendriksen (Eds), Plant Boonman, J.G., 1971b. Experimental studies on the seed pro­ Breeding Perspectives. PUDOC, Wageningen. duction of tropical grasses in Kenya. II. Tillering and Boonman, J.G. & J. Goldson, 1980. Mission to Tanga. Report heading in seed crops of eight grasses. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 19: to the Tanzania Government. 237-249. Boonman, J.G. & AJ.P. van Wijk, 1973. Experimental studies Boonman, J.G., 1972a. Experimental studies on the seed pro­ on the seed product ion of tropical grasses in Kenya. VII. duction of tropical grasses in Kenya. III. The effect of The breeding for improved seed and herbage productivity. nitrogen and row width on seed crops of Setaria sphacelata Neth. J. agric. Sci. 21: 12-23. cv Nandi II. Neth. J. agric. Sci. 20: 22-34. Boonman, J.G. & AJ.P. van Wijk, 1989. Grass breeding Boonman, J.G., 1972b. Experimental studies on the seed pro­ beyond the year 2000. Prophyta International Issue (in duction of tropical grasses in Kenya. IV. The effect of English, French, Spanish and Dutch) 8: 29-46. 318

Booysen, P. de Y., N.M. Tainton & J.D. Scott, 1963. Bredon, R.M. & J. Wilson, 1963. The chemical composition and Shoot-apex development in grasses and its importance in nutritive value of grasses from semi-arid areas of Karamoja grassland management. Review Article. Herb. Abstr. 33: as related to ecology and types of soil. East Afr. agric. For. 209-213. J.29: 134-142. Borget, M., 1969. Resultats et tendances presentes des re­ Bredon, RM., D.T. Torell & B. Marshall, 1967. Measurement cherches fourrageres a l'IRA T. Agron. trop. 24: 103-123. of selective grazing of tropical pastures using oesophageal Boshoff, W.H., 1966. Permanent Napier grass for the supply of fistulated steers. J. Range Management 20: 317-320. mulch and dry season fodder in the long grass area of Brockington, N.R., 1960. Studies on the growth of a Hypar­ Uganda. In: RS. Musangi (Ed.), Pasture Production and rhenia dominant grassland in Northern Rhodesia. I. Growth Utilization by Cattle in the Tropics with special Reference to and reaction to cutting. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 15: 323-338. Uganda. Seminar Makerere, 1966. Techn. Bull. 4: 19-20. Brockington, N.R., 1961a. Studies on the growth of a Hypar­ Boswinkle, E., 1961. Residual effects of phosphorus fertilizers in rhenia dominant grassland in Northern Rhodesia. II. Ferti­ Kenya . Emp. J. expoAgric. 29: 136-142. lizer response. III. The effect of fire. J. Brit. GrassldSoc. 16: Botha, J.P., 1945. Setaria grasses for Eastern Transvaal. Fmg S. 54-64. Afr. 20: 273-280. Brock ington, N.R., 1961b. The growth, yield and protein con­ Boudet, G., 1970. Management of savannah woodland range in tent of twelve cultivated grasses in Northern Rhodesia. Emp. West Africa. Proc. 11th intoGrassld Congr.,Surfers Paradise: J. expoAgric. 29: 197-211. 1-3. Brockington, N.R., 1962. Fertilizer trials on some cultivated Boudet, G., 1978. Manuel sur les Paturages Tropicaux et les grasses in Northern Rhodesia. Emp. J. expoAgric. 30: 345­ Cultures Fourrageres, IEMVT, Maisons-Alfort. 354. Bouwer, W.A.C. & L.P.N. Strange, 1948. Temporary ley grass Brockington, N.R., 1964. Fertilizer responses on giant Rhodes trials on the Uasin Gishu Plateau Kenya Colony. East Afr. grass (Chloris gayanaKunth) in Northern Rhodesia. Emp. J. agric. J. 13: 203-206. expoAgric. 32: 76-83. Bowden, B.N., 1963. Studies on Andropogon gayanusKunth. 1. Brockington, N.R., T.H. Stobbs, P.W. Newhouse & G.A. Wads­ The use of Andropogon gayanus in agriculture. Emp. J. expo worth, 1965. The effects of leys on soil fertility in the annual Agric. 31: 267-273. cropping areas of Uganda. Afr. Soils 10: 473-481. Braithwaite, D.P., 1952. The hydrocyanic acid content of per­ Brockway, Lucille H., 1979. The Role of the British Royal ennial Kavirondo sorghum. East Afr. agric. J. 18: 54-58. Gardens. Academic Press Inc. Bradford, E.L., 1946. Bukura native agricultural school, Brown, L.H., 1963. A National Cash Crops Policy for Kenya . Nyanza Province, Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 162-164. Govt Printer, Nairobi. Braun, H.M.H ., 1980. Agro-climatic Zone Map of Kenya; scale Brzostowski, H.W., 1961. Establishment of Cenchrns ciliaris 1:1.000.000. Kenya Soil Survey, Nairobi. from caryopses. East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 242-244. Braun, H.M.H ., 1985. Use and improvement of poorly drained Brzostowski, H.W., 1962. Influence of pH and superphosphate land in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya . ILRI Wageningen on establishment of Cenchrns ciliaris from seed. Trop. Agric. report. (Trin.) 39: 289-296. Braun, H.M.H., 1986. Seasonal distribution of rainfall in Brzostowski, H.W. & M.A. Owen, 1964. Botanical changes in Kenya. Kenya Soil Survey report M14. the sown pasture. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 41: 231-242. Bredon, R.M., 1965. Factors affecting stall feeding of zebu cattle Bullock, J.A., 1965. The control of Hylemya arambourgi Seguy in Uganda. Proc. 4th East Afr. Spec. Comm. Anim. Nutr. (Dipt. Anthomyiidae) on barley. Bull. Entom. Res. 55: 645­ Physiol. Breed., EAAFRO . 661. Bredon, R.M., K.W. Harker & B. Marshall, 1963. The nutritive Bumpus, E.D., 1957. Legume nodulation in Kenya . 1. Explora­ value of grasses grown in Uganda when fed to zebu cattle.I. tory field experiments. East Afr. agric. J. 23: 91-99. The relation between the percentage of crude protein and Bumpus, E.D. & R.G. Poultney, 1960. The problem of nitrogen other nutrients. J. agric. Sci. 61: 101-104. fixation by legumes in Kenya in relation to soil-nutrient Bredon, RM. & C.R. Horrell, 1961. Chemical composition and status. Proc. 8th intoGrassld Congr., Reading: 244-247. nutritive value of some common grasses in Uganda. I. Bunting, A.H. & J.D. Lea, 1956. Some observations on natural General pattern of behaviour of grasses. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) and established pastures and pasture plants in the Sudan 38: 297-304. rainlands. Emp. J. expo Agric. 24: 185-191. Bredon, R.M. & C.R Horrell, 1962. Chemical composition and Burton, G.W., R.H. Hart & R.S. Lowrey, 1967. Improving nutritive value of some common grasses in Uganda. II. The forage quality in Bermudagrass by breeding. Crop Sci. 7: comparison of chemical composition and nutritive values of 329-332. grasses throughout the year, with special reference to the Cameron, D.G., RM. Jones, G.P.M. Wilson, H.G. Bishop, B.G. later stages of growth. Trop. Agric. CIrin.) 39: 13-17. Cook, G.R Lee & K.F. Lowe, 1989. Legumes for heavy Bredon, RM. & C.R. Horrell, 1963. Management studies with grazing in coastal subtropical Australia. Trop. Grasslds 23: Panicum maximum in Uganda. II. The effect of cutting 153-161. interval and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical composition and Cassady, J.T., 1973. The effect of rainfall, soil moisture and nutritive value. Emp. J. expo Agric. 31: 343-350. harvesting intensity on grass production on two rangeland Bredon, RM. & B. Marshall, 1962. Selective consumption by sites in Kenya . East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 26-36. stall-fed cattle and its influence on the results of a digestibil­ Catford, J.R., 1952. Pasture management in Uganda in relation ity trial. E. Afr. agric. For. J. 27: 168-172. to Western Equatoria. East Afr. agric. J. 17: 183-187. 319

Catchpoole, V.R. & E.F. Henzell, 1971. Silage and silage­ Clements, R.J., 1989. Developing persistent pasture legume making from tropical herbage species. Herb. Abstr. 41: cultivars for Australia. In: G.C Marten et al. (Eds), Persist­ 213-221. ence of Forage Legumes. American Society of Agronomy. Chada, H.L. & E.A. Wood, 1960. Biology and Control of the Colloquium on Grassland Research, 1949. East Afr. agric. J. 15: Rhodesgrass Scale. USDA Techn. Bull. 1221. 200-226. Chheda, H.R., O. Babalola, M.A.M. Saleem & M.E. Aken'ova, Combes, D. & J. Pernes, 1970. Variations dans les nombres 1983.Sown grassland as an alternative to shifting cultivation chromosomiques du Panicum maximum Jacq. en relation in lowland humid tropics. Proc. 14th into Grassld Conqr., avec Ie mode de reproduction. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Lexington (Kentucky), 1981: 774-777. Paris 270: 782-785. Chema, S., 1984. Small-scale milk production in Kenya. In: Combes, R., 1976. Grass Varieties. Kenya Farmer, July. J.A. Kategile [Ed.], The Potential for Small Scale Milk Combes, R. & W.H. Verburgt, 1971.The commercial growing, Production in Eastern and Southern Africa. IDRC Ottawa. cleaning and marketing of tropical and subtropical pasture Child, R., N.A. Goodchild & J.R. Todd, 1955. A fertilizer seeds. Seminar Forage Crops Research, University of experiment with Napier grass. Emp. J. expo Agric. 23: 220­ Ibadan . 225. Compere, R., 1959. Etude toxicologique de Leucaena glauca Child, R.D., IN. Njuki, R.M. Hansen & D.L. Whittington, chez les bovins. Bull. agric. Congo 50: 1311-1320. 1982. Digestibility and protein content of Leucaena leuco­ Compere, R., 1960a. Mise en valeur des paturages improductifs cephala. East Afr. agric. For. J. 48: 32-34. a "Kikuyu" (Pennisetum c1andestinum). Essai en region du Childs, A.H.B. & CG. Groom, 1964. Balanced farming with Mulume-Munene (Kivu). Bull. agric. Congo 51: 923-945. cattle and coconuts. East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 206-207. Compere, R., 1960b. Introduction au Kivu de Tripsacum laxum Chippindall , Lucy K.A., 1955. A guide to the identification of Nash., plante fourragere de soudure pour les elevages grasses in South Africa. In: D. Meredith (Ed.), The Grasses laitiers. Bull. agric. Congo 51: 1085-1103. and Pastures of South Africa. Central News Agency, Cape Compere, R., 1961a. Le comportement des melanges herbages Town. Trifolium repens - grarninees, dans les regions d'altitude du Chudleigh, P.D., 1974. A description of smallholder ruminant Kivu. Ser. technoINEAC 65. production systems in the high potential areas of Kenya. Compere, R., 1961b. Productivite et caracteristiques brornota­ Kitale report (PRPj4). logiques de I'herbe de quelques types de paturages etudies a Chudleigh, P.D., J.G. Boonman & P.J. Cooper, 1977. En­ la station de Mulungu (Kivu). Bull. agric. Congo 52: 62-93 . vironmental factors affecting herbage yield of Rhodes Compere, R., 1961c. Cinq ans d'exploitation de la culture grass (Chloris gayana) at Kitale. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 54: fourragere @e Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. a la station 193-204. de Mulungu (Kivu). Bull. agric. Congo 52: 572-590. Clarke, R.T., 1962. The effect of some resting treatments on a Compere, R., 1961d. Influence d'une fumure minerale ratio­ tropical soil. Emp. J. expoAgric. 30: 57-62. nelle sur la composition chimique de I'herbe de certains Clatworthy, J.N., 1970. A comparison of legume and fertilizer paturages artificiels. Bull. agric. Congo 52: 1271-1278. nitrogen in Rhodesia. Proc. 11th intoGrassld Congr., Surfers Compere, R., 1968. Exploitation rationelle de la prairie per­ Paradise: 408-411. manente d'altitude a Exotheca abyssinica Anders. et Eraq­ Clatworthy, IN., 1984a. Pasture research in Zimbabwe: 1964­ rostis boehmii Hack. au Rwanda et au Burundi. Bull. Rech. 1984.In: J.A. Kategile (Ed.), Pasture Improvement Research agron. Gembloux 3: 583-604. in Eastern and Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop Harare, Compere, R., 1978. Agrostologie des regions chaudes. II. Gem­ 1984. IDRC·237e, Ottawa. bloux. Clatworthy, J.N., 1984b. Effect of reinforcement of native graz­ Cooke, G.W., 1967. The Control of Soil Fertility. English ing with Silverleaf desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) on Language Book Society. dry season performance of beef steers in Zimbabwe. Trop. Cooper, P.J.M. & R. Law, 1977. Soil temperature and its Grasslds 18: 198-205. association with maize yield variations in the highlands of Clatworthy, J.N. & C Madakadze, 1988.Some thoughts on the Kenya. J. agric. Sci. 89: 355-363. collection, introduction and evaluation of pasture legumes in Crauford, R.Q., 1978. Pasture grasses and legumes report on Zimbabwe. In: B.H. Dzowela (Ed.), African Forage Plant plant breeding at Mount Makulu 1967-1978. Zambia Res. Genetic Resources, Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and Memorandum 26. Extensive Livestock Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Creek, M.J. & H.A. Squire, 1976. Kenya feedlots: from pilot Arusha 1987, ILCA, Addis Ababa. project to commercial application. Span 19: 96-99. Clayton, W.D., 1970. Gramineae (Part 1). In: Flora of Tropical Crowder, L.V., H. Chaverra & J. Lotero, 1970. Productive East Africa. Crown Agents. improved grasses in Columbia. Proc. 11th into Grassld Clayton, W.D. & LR. Harlan, 1970. The genus Cynodon L.C Conqr., Surfers Paradise: 147-149. Rich. in tropical Africa. Kew Bull. 24: 185-189. Crowder, L.V. & H.R. Chheda, 1982. Tropical Grassland Hus­ Clayton, W.D., S.M. Phillips & SA Renvoize, 1974.Gramineae bandry. Longman. (Part 2). In: Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents. Crowder, L.V., 1984. Clitoria ternatea (L.) Due as a forage and Clayton, W.D. & SA Renvoize, 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). In: cover crop - a review. Nigerian agric. J. 11: 61-65. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. Dagg, M., 1962. Physical properties of the surface soils, infiltra­ Clement, CR., 1961. Benefit of leys-structural improvement or tion and availability of soil moisture. East Afr. agric. For. J. nitrogen reserves. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 16: 194-200. 27 (special issue): 68-70. 320

Dagg, M., 1965. Climatic classification in East Africa. Proc. III Dougall, H.W., 1954c. Effectofamrnonium and nitrate nitrogen spec. Meet. appl. Met . East Africa. EACSO, Nairobi. on a temporary molasses grass pasture. East Afr. agric. J. 19: Dagg, M., 1969. Hydrological implications of grass root studies 261-262. at a site in East Africa. J. Hydrol . 9: 438-444. Dougall, H.W., 1954d.The composition of green oats for forage Damseaux, J., 1956. Etude de trois legumineuses fourrageres and silage. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 118-119. introduites au Congo Beige en vue de I'alimentation de Dougall, H.W., 1954e. Some fertilizer aspects of grassland betail. Bull. agric. du Congo Beige 47: 93-111. husbandry in the Kenya highlands. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 9: Davidson, B.R., 1958. The climatic limitations of subterranean 141-148. clovers in Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 121-124. Dougall, H.W., 1960.Average nutritive values of Kenya feeding Davies, T., 1963. Fodder conservation in Northern Rhodesia. J. stuff for ruminants . East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 119-128. agric. Sci. 61: 308-328. Dougall, H.W., 19613.The chemicalcomposition of some species Deinum, B., 1966. Climate, nitrogen and grass. I. Research into and varieties of Trifolium. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 27: 142-144. the influence of light intensity, temperature, water supply Dougall, H.W., 1962b. Ash distribution in Kenya roughages. and nitrogen on production and chemical composition of East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: 87. grass. Meded . Landb. Hogesch. Wageningen 66-11. Dougall, H.W., 1962c.Crude fibre - crude protein relationship Deinum, B., 1984. Chemical composition and nutritive value of in Kenya roughages. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: 88. herbage in relation to climate. Meeting of the European Dougall, H.W., 1963a. Changes in the chemical composition of Grassland Federation. As, Norway. plants during growth in the field. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: Denny, P. (Ed.), 1985.The Ecology and Management of African 182-189. Wetland Vegetation. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dougall, H.W., 1963b. Silica distribution in Kenya roughages. Deschuytener, G., 1967. L'importance et les possibilites de East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 58-59. l'elevage au Rwanda. Ann. Gembloux 73: 61-76. Dougall, H.W. & H.F. Birch, 1966. pH of grasses in relation to Dewez, J., 1959. Le semis de Brachiaria ruziziensis dans la genera. Nature 210 (5038): 844. plaine de la Ruzizi. Bull. In! INEAC 8: 303-307. Dougall, H.W. & H.F. Birch, 1967. Further experiments on the Dirven, J.G.P. & B. Deinum, 1977. The effectof temperature on acid grass Setaria sphacelata. Plant & Soil 26: 85-98. the digestibility of grasses. An analysis. Forage Research 3: Dougall, H.W. & A.V. Bogdan, 1958a. Browse plants of Kenya 1-17. with special reference to those occurring in south Baringo. Dirven, J.G.P. & V.K.R. Ehrencron, 1963. Dry matter percen­ East Afr. agric. J. 23: 236-245 . tages of grasses in the humid tropics. Surin. Landb. 11: Dougall, H.W. & A.V. Bogdan, 1958b. The chemical composi­ 88-93. tion of the grasses of Kenya. I. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 17-23. Dirven, J.G.P. & H.A. van Hoof, 1960. A destructive virus Dougall, H.W. & A.V. Bogdan, 1960.The chemical composition disease of Pangola grass. Tijdschrift v. Plantenziekten 66: of the grasses of Kenya. II. East Afr. agric. J. 25: 241-244. 344-349. Dougall, H.W. & A.V. Bogdan, 1965. The chemical composi­ Dirven, J.G.P., LJ.M. van Soest & K. Wind, 1979. The influ­ tion of the grasses of Kenya. III. East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: ence of photoperiod on head formation in some Brachiaria 314-319. species and Chloris gayana cv Masaba. Neth . J. agric. Sci. Dougall, H.W. & A.V. Bogdan, 1966. The chemical composi­ 27: 48-59 . tion of some leguminous plants grown in the herbage Dixon, H.N., 1982. The growing and harvesting of forage crops nursery at Kitale, Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: 45-49 . for silage in northern Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 45: Dougall, H.W., V.M. Drysdale & P.E. Glover, 1964. The 22-35 . chemical composition of Kenya browse and pasture herb­ d'Mello, J.P.F. & D. Thomas, 1978.The nutritive value of dried age. East Afr. Wild/. J. 2: 86-121. Leucaena leaf meal from Malawi: studies with young chicks. Dougall, H.W. & P.E. Glover, 1964. On the chemical composi­ Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 55: 45-50. tion of Themeda triandra and Cynodon dactylon. East Afr. Dobereiner, Johanna, J.M. Day & PJ. Dart, 1972.Nitrogenase midi. J. 2: 67-70. activity and oxygen sensitivity of the Paspalum notatum ­ Dradu, E.A.A. & G.N. Harrington, 1972. Seasonal crude pro­ Azotobacter paspali complex. J. gen. Microbiol. 71: 103-116. tein content of samples obtained from a tropical range Doggett, H., 1970. Sorghum. Longman. pasture using oesophageal fistulated steers. Trop. Agric. Donald, C.M., 1975. Temperate pasture species. In: R. Milton (Trin.) 49: 15-21. Moore (Ed.), Australian Grasslands. Australian National Dradu, E.A.A. & J. Ogwang, 1979. Influence of insecticide University Press. spraying on seed yield of Macroptilium atropurpureum Dougall, H.W., 1953a. Fertilizer experiments on ley establish­ (Siratro) at Serere, eastern Uganda. East Afr. aqric. For. J. ment, established leys and natural pastures in the Kenya 44: 237-240. Highlands. East Afr. aqric. J. 19: 36-37. Drysdale, V.M., 1965. The removal of nutrients by the maize Dougall, H.W., 1953b. Kikuyu grass. I. Seasonal variation in crop. East Afr. agric. For. J. 31: 189-190. the composition of degenerate and productive pastures. East Duvigneaud, P., 1958. La vegetation du Katanga et de ses sols Afr. agric. J. 19: 74-80. metalliferes, Bull. Soc. roy. Bot. Belg. 90: 127-286. Dougall, H.W., 1954a. Kikuyu grass. II. An attempt to improve Dzowela, B.H., 1985. Highlights of pasture research in Malawi: a worn-out pasture. East Afr. agric. J. 19: 212-218. 1975-84. In: J.A. Kategile (Ed.), Pasture Improvement Re­ Dougall, H.W., 1954b. Fertilizer experiments on grassland in search in Eastern and Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop the Kenya highlands. East Afr. agric. J. 19: 171-178. Harare 1984, IDRC-237e, Ottawa. 321

Dzowela, B.H., 1988. African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Eggeling, WJ., 1947. An Annotated List of the Grasses of the Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Uganda Protectorate. Govt Printer, Entebbe. Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1987, ILCA, Eichinger, A., 1914. Die Weide und Futterverhiiltnisse von Addis Ababa. West Usambara. Der Pjlanzer 10: 1-97. East African Farmer and Planter, 1958, New hybrid from Etherington, J.W., 1943. Trials with Bromus marqinatus on the South Africa shows promise. July 1958. Kinangop, Kenya Colony. East Afr . aqric. J. 9: 33-34. East African Meteorological Department, 1975. Climatological Etherington, J.W., 1945. More about grass leys on the Kinan­ Statistics for East Africa. I. Kenya. II. Uganda . III. Tan­ gop, Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 67-68. zania. Evans, A.C. & H.W. Mitchell, 1962. Soil fertility studies in Ebbels, D.L. & DJ. Allen, 1979. A supplementary and anno­ Tanganyika. I. Improvement of crop and grass production tated list of plant diseases, pathogens and associated fungi in on a leached sandy soil in Bukoba. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 27: Tanzania. Phytopathological Papers No 22. 189-196. Eberhart, SA & W.A. Russell, 1966. Stability perimeters for FAO, 1969. Report of the ad hoc technical conference on comparing varieties. Crop Sci. 6: 36-40. grassland management and fodder production south of the Edwards, D.C., 1932."Hard" seeds in Panicum coloratumStapf. Sahara. Nairobi. Report PL; 1969/M/6: 1-32. Nature 132: 209. FAO-UNESCO, 1974. Soil Map of the World. UNESCO, Edwards, D.C., 1934. Rhodes Grass for Hay and Pasture. Govt Paris. Printer, Nairobi. FAO, 1982. Production Yearbook. FAO, Rome. Edwards, D.C., 1935a. The grasslands of Kenya. I. Areas of Farnworth, J., 1976.Irrigated forage production under extreme high moisture and low temperature . Emp. J. expo Agric. 3: arid zone conditions in Saudi Arabia. Exp. Agric. 12: 177­ 153-159. 187. Edwards, D.C., 1935b. A further note on Rhodes grass. East Ferguson, H., 1948. Equatoria Province. In: J.D. Tothill (Ed.), Afr. aqric. J. 1: 233-235. Agriculture in the Sudan. London. Edwards, D.C., 1936. Report on grassland improvement in Ferguson, J.E., 1990. Overview of seed supply of forage species Kenya, 1934. East Afr. aqric. J. 1: 269-277. in tropical Latin America. Int. Herb. Seed Prod. Res. Group Edwards, D.C., 1937. Three ecotypes of Pennisetum clandes­ Newsl. 13: 9-13. tinum Hochst. Kikuyu grass. Emp. J. expoAqric. 5: 371-376. Ferguson, J.E. & L.V. Crowder, 1974. Cytology and breeding Edwards, D.C., 1939. National reversion to grass. East Afr. behaviour of Brachiaria ruziziensis Germa in et Evrard. Crop agric. J. 4: 411-414. Sci. 14:893-895. Edwards, D.C., 1940a. The reaction of Kikuyu grass (Pen­ Fernandes, A.B., 1971.Interspecific hybridization of Pennisetum nisetum clandestinum) herbage to management. Emp. J. expo purpureum Schumach. with Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Agric. 8: 101-110. Hubb. Seminar Forage Crops Research, University of Edwards, D.C., I940b. A vegetation map of Kenya with par­ Ibadan. ticular reference to grassland types. J. Ecol. 28: 377-385. Fiennes, R.N. T.-W.-, 1940. Grasses as weeds of pasture land in Edwards, D.C., 194Oc. Pasture and fodder grasses of Kenya. northern Uganda. East Afr. aqric. J. 5: 255-258. East Afr. aqri c. J.: 5: 248-254. Foster, H.L., 1969. The effects of different management and Edwards, D.C., 1941a. The progress of grassland research in fertilizer treatments on the soil and leaf nutrient status East Africa. East Afr. aqric. J. 6: 141-143. of an elephant grass ley. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 34: 468­ Edwards, D.C., 1941b. A new fodder crop: perennial Kavirondo 475. Sorghum. East Afr. aqric. J. 6: 183-185. Foster, H.L., 1970. Liming continuously cultivated soils in Edwards, D.C., 1941c. The possibility of establishing grass Uganda. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 36: 58-69 . under maize. East Afr . agric. J. 6: 233-234. Foster, H.L., 1971.Crop yields after different elephant grass ley Edwards, D.C., 1942. Grass-burning. Emp. J. expo Aqric . 10: treatments at Kawanda Research Station, Uganda . East Afr. 219-231. agric. For. J. 37: 63-72. Edwards, D.C., 1943. The Nzoia type of Rhodes grass (Chloris Foster, H.L., 1972.Comparison of the yield response of ground­ gayana) for temporary leys. East Afr. aqric. J. 9: 62-68 . nuts to single and triple superphosphate in Uganda . East Edwards, D.C., 1945. Horn of Africa (including Kenya) Vegeta­ Afr. aqri c. For. J. 38: 103-113. tion. Govt Printer, Nairobi . Frame, 1. & P. Newbould, 1986. Agronomy of white clover. Edwards, D.C., 1948. Kavirondo Perennial Sorghum: an im­ Adv. Aqron. 40: 1-88. proved type R2S42. East Afr. aqric. J. 13: 202. Frances, P.A. & A.N. Atta-Krah, 1989. Sociological and eco­ Edwards, D.C., I950a. Grassland research in Kenya. Collo­ logical factors in technology adoption of fodder trees in quium on Grassland Research, 1949. East Afr. agric. J. 15: south east Nigeria. Exp. Agric. 25: 1-10. 208-211. Fredericksen, J.H. & J.A. Kategile, 1980. The effects of Edwards, D.C., 1950b. Pasture and fodder. Ann. Rev. 1950, nitrogen fertilization and time of cutting in first growth in Kenya Dep. Agric. Nairobi. Brachiaria brizantha on yield, crude protein content and in Edwards, D.C., 1956. The ecological regions of Kenya: their vitro digestibility. Trop. Anim. Prod. 5: 136-143. classification in relation to agricultural development. Emp. J. Fredeslund, A. & J. Cassady, 1969. Seeding grasses on denuded expo Agric. 24: 89-108 . Kenya bushland. Kenya Farmer, November; 7, 30. Edwards, D.C. & A.V. Bogdan, 1951. Important Grassland French, M.H., 1935. The place of silage in the dietary of Plants of Kenya. Pitman. livestock. East Afr. agric. J. 1: 241-243. 322

French, M.H., 1938a. The composition, digestibility and nutri­ Gebrehiwot, L. & A. Tadesse, 1984. Pasture research and tive value of the tops and tubers of the edible canna . Ann. development in Ethiopia. In: J.A. Kategile (Ed.), Pasture Rep. Dep. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. Tanganyika 1938: 37--43. Improvement Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. French, M.H., 1938b. The nutritive value of velvet beans. Ann. Proc. Workshop Harare 1984, IDRC-237e, Ottawa. Rep. Dep. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. Tanganyika 1938: 43--45. Germain, R., 1954. Considerations agrostologiques relatives au French, M.H., 1938c. The conservation of green fodders for the Congo BeIge et au Rwanda Burundi. Bull. Inf. INEAC 3: dry-season feeding of stock. East Afr. aqric. J. 4: 206-210. 347-366. French, M.H., 1939. The comparative feeding values of grass Germain, R. & A. Scaut, 1960. Herbage and nutritional aspects when fed green, as hay, and as silage. East Afr. agric. J. 5: of animal husbandry in the equatorial forests of the Congo. 261-264. Proc. 8th intoGrassld Congr., Reading: 371-374. French, M.H., 1940. Some recent observations on the feeding Gethin Jones, G.H., 1942. The effect of a leguminous cover crop values of some local foodstuffs. East Afr. agric. J. 6: 87-90. on building up soil fertility. East Afr. agric. J. 8: 48-52. French, M.H., 1941. The nutritive values of some Tanganyika Geus, J.G. de, 1973. Fertilizer Guide for the Tropics and grasses. Emp. J. expoAgric. 9: 23-28. Subtropics. Centre d'Etude de I'Azote, Zurich. French , M.H., 1943a. The feeding value of green lucerne hay. Gihad, E.A., 1976. Studies on the nutritional value of pasture East Afr. agric. J. 8: 241-243. species in Zambia. East Afr. agric. For J. 41: 335-339. French, M.H., 1943b. Feeding value of stubble from maize, Gildenhuys, PJ., 1950. A new fodder grass; a promising millet and bulrush millet. East Afr. agric. J. 9: 88-89. cross between Babala and Napier fodder. Fmg S. Afr. 25: French, M.H., 1945. The compos ition of different types of star 151-153. grass. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 100-103. Gillet, J.B., 1952. The genus Trifolium in southern Arabia and French, M.H., 1946a. Composition and feeding values of green in Africa south of the Sahara. Kew Bull. 3: 367--404. maize, millet and bulrush millet cut for soiling purposes . Gillman, C, 1949. A vegetation-types map of Tanganyika East Afr. agric. J. 11: 159-161. Territory. Geogr. Rev. 39: 7-37. French, M.H., 1946b. Mineral deficiencies and excesses in Glover, J., 1948. Water demands by maize and sorghum. East pastures, a review. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 189-191. Afr. agric. J. 13: 171. French, M.H., 1949. Some use and misuse of shrubs and trees as Glover, J., 1959. The apparent behaviour of sorghum stomata fodder, a review. East Afr. agric. J. 14: 157-165 . during and after drought. J. agric. Sci. 53: 412-416. French , M.H., 1950. The nutritive value of East African grass Glover, J. & W.R. Birch, 1962. The effect of rainfall and age on and fodder plants . Colloquium on Grassland Research, the yield of some unfertilised fodder crops in Kenya. J. agric. 1949. East Afr. agric. J. 15: 214-220. Sci. 58: 53-57. French, M.H., 1956. The nutritive value of East African hay. Glover, J. & H.W. Dougall , 1961. Milk production from Emp. J. expoAgric. 24: 53-60. pastures. J. agric. Sci. 56: 261-264. French, M.H., 1957. Nutritional value of tropical grasses and Glover, J., D.W. Duthie & H.W. Dougall, 196Oa. A table of fodders. Review Article. Herb. Abstr. 27: 1-9. estimates of nutritive values of ruminant feeds. East Afr. French, M.H. & H.P. Ledger, 1957. Liveweight changes of agric. For. J. 26: 117-118. cattle in East Africa. Emp. J. expo Agric. 25: 10-18. Glover, J., D.W. Duthie & H.W. Dougall, 1960b. The total French, M.H. & J.T. Purvis, 1935. Maize silage in East Africa: digestible energy of ruminant feeds.J. agric. Sci. 55: 403-408. Its preparation, quality and feeding value. East Afr. agric. J. Glover, J., D.W. Duthie & M.H. French , 1957. The apparent 1: 229-232. digestibility of crude protein by the ruminant. I. A synthesis Fritz, J., 1971. Recherches sur les productions fourrageres of the results of digestibility trials with herbage and mixed effectuees par I'IRAT-Reunion 1963-1970. Agron. 1rop. 26: feeds. J. agric. Sci. 48: 373-378. 1248-1269. Glover, J. & M.H. French, 1957. The apparent digestibility of Froman, B., 1975. Pasture Management in Ethiopia with crude protein by the ruminant. IV. The effect of crude fibre. special reference to the conditions in the Chilalo Awraja. J. aqric. Sci. 49: 78-80. Reports and Dissertations32, Uppsala. Glover, P.E., J. Glover & M.D. Gwynne, 1962. Light rainfall Froman, B. & S. Persson, 1974. Grasses of Ethiopia. CADU, and plant survival in E. Africa, II. Dry grassland vegetation. Asella. J. Ecol. 50: 199-206. Froment, D., 1960. Amenagement et exploitation des paturages Glover, P.E., Joyce Stewart & M.D. Gwynne, 1966. Masai and adominance de "Hyparrhenia" de la region de Nioka. Bull. Kipsigis notes on East African Plants. East Afr. agric. For. J. Inf. INEAC 9: 49-70. 32: 184-207. Gaboryaheze, A., 1984. Pasture research in Burundi. In: J.A. Goldson, J.R., 1963. Observations on the grazing behaviour of Kategile (Ed.), Pasture Improvement Research in Eastern grade dairy cattle in a tropical climate. East Afr. agric. For. and Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop Harare 1984, IDRC­ J. 29: 72-77. 237e, Ottawa. Goldson, J.R., 1967. Under sowing as a means of establishing Gastel, AJ.G. van, 1978. Napier grass breeding. Kitale the ley in western Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: 274-281. report. Goldson, J.R., 1968. Standard recommendations for the Coast Gathecha, T.W., 1970. The maintenance and improvement of Province of Kenya (Napier grass). Kikambala report . soil fertility under arable crops and grass leys in the 1st and Goldson, J.R., 1976a. The effect of the night boma on the 2nd rotation cycles of a fertilizer trial at Embu . East Afr. pasture and farm fertility on the smallholder farm. Kitale agric. For. J. 35: 246-253 . report (PRP/16). 323

Goldson, J.R., 1976b. The present state of knowledge on Hacker, J.B. & R.I. Jones, 1971.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer pastures and fodders in Taita district. Kitale report and row spacing on seed production of Setaria sphacelata. (PRPjI8). Trop. Grasslds 5: 61-73. Goldson, J.R., 1977. Napier grass in East Africa, a review. Haile, A., 1983.Ecological factors influencing pasture and plant Kitale report (PRPj24). selection criteria in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Eth. Goldson, J.R., P. Bauer & A.G.O. Okech, 1977. A one year J. agric. Sci. 5: 50-63. study of the dairy enterprise on six smallholdings in western Halcrow, M., 1937. Experimental work on pastures in the Kenya. Kitale report (PRPjI9). Trans Nzoia District, Kenya Colony, 1935-36. East Afr. Gosnell, J.M., 1963. Vleiland development in West Kenya. I. agric. J. 3: 109-112. Pasture introduction. East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 99-105. Halcrow, M., 1938. Pasture problems in the Trans Nzoia. East Gosnell, J.M. & E.A. Weiss, 1965. Vleiland development in Afr. agric. J. 3: 290-293. West Kenya. II. Pasture fertilizer and grazing trials. East Hall, M., 1966. Some economic aspects of dairy farming with Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 169-176. reference to East Africa. In: RS . Musangi (Ed.), Pasture Graham, M.D., 1945a.Some notes on soil fertility with particu­ Production and Utilization by Cattle in the Tropics with lar reference to African farmers. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 3-11. special Reference to Uganda . Seminar Makerere, 1966. Graham, M.D., 1945b. Golf greens and lawns in East Africa. Techn. Bull. 4: 40-57. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 94-99. Hall, T.D. & B. Allen, 1938. Intensive grazing on Kenya veld. Gramshaw, D., J.W. Read, W.J. Collins & E.D. Carter, 1989. East Afr. agric. J. 4: 165-182. Sown pastures and legume persistence: an Australian over­ Hanski, I. & Y. Cambefort, 1991. Dung Beetle Ecology. Prin­ view. In: G.c. Marten et al. (Eds), Persistence of Forage ceton University Press. Legumes. American Society of Agronomy. Hanson, J. & J.R Lazier, 1989. Forage germplasm at the Greenway, P.J., 1933. The vegetation of Mpwapwa, Tan­ International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA): an essen­ ganyika Territory. J. Eco/. 21: 28-43 . tial resource for evaluation and selection. Proc. 16th into Greenway, P.J., 1943.Second draft report on vegetation classifi­ Grassld Congr., Nice: 265-266. cation. East Afr. Pasture Res. Conf., Nairobi . Harker, K.W., 1954. The establishment of Chloris gayana Griffith, G. ap., 1949. A note on the nitrate content of soil under under a sorghum silage crop. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 54­ Pennisetum purpureum. East Afr. agric. J. 14: 187-188. 56. Griffith, G. ap., 1951. Factors influencing nitrate accumulation Harker, K.W., 1962a. Grassland development in the fertile in a Uganda soil. Emp. J. expoAgric. 19: 1-12. crescent of Uganda . J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 17: 188-193. Griffiths, J.F. (Ed.), 1972. Climates of Africa. World Survey of Harker, K.W., 1962b. A fertilizer trial on Paspalum notatum Climatology, Volume 10. Elsevier. pasture. I. The effects on yield. East Afr. agric. For. J. 27: Griffiths, RG., 1990. Pasture seed production in eastern and 201-203. southern Africa. Int. Herb. Seed Prod. Res. Group Newsl. 13: Harker, K.W. & RM. Bredon, 1963. The effect of elephant 14-16. grass feeding and maize meal supplementation on indoor fed Grimes, R.C. & R.T. Clarke, 1962.Continuous arable cropping bullocks. I. Liveweight gains of cattle. Trop. Agric. (Irin.) 40: with the use of manure and fertilizers. East Afr. agric.For.J. 307-312. 28: 74-80. Harker, K.W. & A.K. Kamau, 1961. A preliminary survey of Grof, B., 1968.Viability of seed of Brachiaria decumbens. Qld. J. the nitrate content of various grasses. East Afr. agric. For. J. agric. Anim. Sci. 25: 149-152. 27: 57-60. Grof, B. & W.A.T. Harding, 1970.Dry matter yieldsand animal Harker, K.W. & A.D. MacKay, 1962. A stocking rate trial production of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) on the humid on rough grazing in Buganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 27: tropical coast of North Queensland. 'Irop. Grasslds 4: 85-95. 220-222. Gunn, H., 1930. Summary of Report on Pasture Investigations Harlan, J.R, 1970. Cynodonspecies and their value for grazing in Kenya, 1926-1929. Rowett Res. Inst. and hay. Herb. Abstr. 40: 233-238. Gusman, H.W., W.R. Cowley & J.H. Barton, 1954. Reaction of Harlan, J.R., J.M.I. de Wet & K.M. Rawal, 1970. Geographical some grasses to artificial salinization. Agron. J. 46: 412-414. distribution of the species of Cynodon L.C. Rich. Gwynne, M.D., 1966. Plant physiology and the future. In: W. (Gramineae). East Afr. agric. For. J. 36: 220-226. Davies & CL. Skidmore (Eds), Tropical Pastures. Faber & Harrington, G.N., 1974. Fire effects on a Uganda savanna Faber. grassland. Trop. Grasslds 8: 87-101. Haarer, A.E., 1948. East African leys and pastures. Country Harrington, G.N. & D.O. Thornton, 1969. A comparison of Life, U.K. April. controlled grazing and manual hoeing as a means of Haarer, A.E., 1951. Grasses and grazing problems in East reducing the incidence of Cymbopogon afronardus Stapf Africa. World Crops 3: 8. in Ankole pastures, Uganda . East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: Hacker, J.B., 1966. Cytological investigations in the Setaria 154-159. sphacelata complex. Aust. J. agric. Res. 17: 297-301. Harrington, G.N. & D. Pratchett, 1974. Stocking rate trials in Hacker, J.B., 1985. Breeding tropical grasses for ease of vegeta­ Ankole, Uganda . I. Weight gain of Ankole steers at inter­ tive propagation and for improved seed production. Proc. mediate and heavy stocking rates under different manage­ 15th intoGrassld Congr., Kyoto: 251-252. ments. J. agric. Sci. 82: 497-506. Hacker, J.B. & R.I. Jones, 1969. The Setaria sphacelata com­ Harris, W.V., 1949. Some aspects of the termite problem. East plex. a review. 'Irop. Grasslds 3: 13-34. Afr. agric. J. 14: 151-155. 324

Harrison , M.N. & J.K. Jackson, 1958. Ecological Classifica­ Hopkinson , J.M., English RH. & R.L. Harty, 1988. Effect of tion of the Vegetation of the Sudan. Forests Dep. Bull. 2, different drying patterns on quality of some tropical pasture Khartoum. grasses. Seed Sci. Techn. 16: 361-369. Harrison, RE., 1986.The role of improved pastures in commer­ Horrell, C.R., 1958a. Herbage plants at Serere Experiment cial product ion in the tropics and sub-tropics. Trop. Grasslds Station, Uganda, 1954-1957. I. Grasses. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 3-17. 24: 41-46. Harrop, J.F., 1970. Soils. In: J.D. Jameson (Ed.), Agriculture in Horrell, C.R., 1958b. Herbage plants at Serere Experiment Uganda. Oxford University Press. Station, Uganda, 1954-1957. II. Legumes. East Afr. agric. J. Hatch, M.D., C.R. Slack & H.S. Johnson, 1967.Further studies 24: 133-138. on a new pathway of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation Horrell, C.R., 1963. Herbage plants at Serere, Uganda, 1957­ in sugar cane and its occurrence in other plant species. 1961. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: 174-180. Biochem. J. 102:417-422. Horrell, C.R., 1964. Effect of two legumes on the yield of Heady, H.F., 1960. Range Management in East Africa. Govt unfertilised pastures at Serere. East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: Printer, Nairob i. 94-96. Heady, H.F., 1966.The influence of grazing on the composition Horrell, C.R & R.M. Bredon, 1963. Management studies with of Themeda triandra grassland, East Africa. J. Eco/. 54: Panicum maximumin Uganda. I. Effect of cutting interval and 705-727. nitrogen fertilizer on yield. Emp. J. expoAgric. 31: 334-342. Healey,1.S., 1975. Kikuyugrass poisoning. Kikuyu - a research Horrell, C.R. & M.N. Court, 1965. Effect of the legume report. Agric. Gaz. of N. S. Wales 86 (5): 18. Stylosanthes gracilis on pasture yields at Serere, Uganda. J. Heath, M.E., RF. Barnes & D.S. Metcalfe (Eds), 1985. Forages. Brit. GrassldSoc. 20: 72-76. Iowa State University Press. Horrell, C.R. & P.W. Newhouse, 1965. Yields of sown pastures Hedberg, 0 ., 1971. The high mountain flora of the Galama in Uganda as influenced by legumes and fertilizers. Proc. 9th Mountain in Arussi Province, Ethiopia. Webbia 26: 101-128. intoGrassldCongr.,Sao Paulo: 1133-1136. Henderson, G.R. & P.T. Preston, 1959. Fodder Farming in Horrell, C.R & G.E.D. Tiley, 1970.Grassland. In: J.D. Jameson Kenya. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi. (Ed.), Agriculture in Uganda. Oxford University Press. Henderlong, P.R., 1973. Pasture research in Uganda, past, Hosking, H.R. & A.L. Stephens, 1941. Pastures and grasses on present and future. Seminar Uganda Soc. Agron., May. the Serere Experiment Station, Uganda. East Afr. agric. J. 6: Hendy, K., 1975. Review of natural pastures and their manage­ 213-219. ment problems on the north coast of Tanzania. East Afr. Houerou, H.N.le, 1980. Browse in Africa. ILCA, Addis Ababa. agric. For. J. 41: 52-57. Houerou, H.N. Ie & G.F. Popov, 1981.An Eco-climatic Classi­ Henrici, Marguerite, 1931. Rhodes Grass. Fmg S. Afr. 6: 210. fication of Intertropical Africa. FAO, Rome. Henzell, E.F., 1968. Sources of nitrogen for Queensland pas­ Howard, D.A., 1963. Notes on animal diseases. XXIII. Mineral tures. Irop. Grasslds 2: 1-17. deficiencydiseases. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: 191-194. Hiddink, B. & A.P. Wouters, 1987. The nitrogen effect of Howard, D.A., M.L. Burdin & G.H. Lampkin, 1962. Variation different types of slurry on the yield and nutritive value of in the mineral and crude-protein content of pastures at Napier grass. Naivasha report . Muguga in the Kenya highlands. J. agric. Sci. 59: 251-256. Hochman, Z. & K.R. Helyar, 1989. Climatic and edaphic Hubbard, CE, 1927. East African Pasture Plants. Crown constraints to the persistence of legumes in pastures. In: G.C. Agents. Marten et al. (Eds), Persistence of Forage Legumes. Ameri­ Huffnagel, H.P., 1961.Agriculture in Ethiopia. FAO, Rome. can Society of Agronomy. Humphreys, L.R., 1967. Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in Aus­ Holme, RV. & E.G.P. Sherwood, 1954. The fertilizer require­ tralia. Trop. Grasslds 1: 123-134. ments of the Kenya Highlands. Colonial Res. Study 12. Humphreys, L.R., 1980. Deficiencies of adaptation of pasture HMSO, London. legumes. Trop. Grasslds 14: 153-158. Hongyantarachai, S., G. Nithichai, N. Wongsuwan, S. Prasan­ Humphreys, L.R., 1981.Environmental Adaptation of Tropical panich, S. Siwichai, S. Pratumsuwan,T. Tasapanon & B.R. Pasture Plants. Macmillan, London. Watkin, 1989. The effects of grazing versus indoor feeding Humphreys, L.R., 1991. Tropical Pasture Utilization. Cam­ during the day on milk production in Thailand. Trop. bridge University Press. Grasslds 23: 8-14. Humphreys, L.R. & F. Riveros, 1986. Tropical Pasture Seed Hopkinson, D., 1969. Leguminous cover crops for maintaining Production. FAO, Rome. soil fertility in sisal in Tanzania. Exp. Agric. 5: 283-294. Hutchinson, 1., H.L. Manning & H.G. Farbrother, 1958. On Hopkinson, D., 1970. The potential of some pasture plants in the characterization of tropical rainstorms in relation to the sisal areas of the Tanga region of Tanzania. East Afr. runoff and percolation. Quart. J. Royal met. Soc. 84: 250­ agric. For. J. 35: 299-310. 258. Hopkinson, D. & J. Breitenstein, 1969. Tropical Kudzu as a Hutchison, H.G., 1965. Ranching in Tanganyika. East Afr. cover crop in sisal. World Crops 21: 256-258. agric. For. J. 30: 268-275. Hopkinson, J.M., 1977. Siratro seed production . Trap. Grasslds Hutton, E.M., 1961. Intravariety variation in Rhodes grass 11: 33-39. (Chloris gayana Kunth). J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 16: 23-29. Hopkinson, J.M. & B.H. English, 1982. Spikelet population Hutton, E.M., 1962. Siratro, a tropical pasture legume bred dynamics in seed crops of Panicum maximum Gatton. Seed from Phaseolus atropurpureus. Aust. J. expo Agric. Anim. Sci. Techn. 10: 379-403. Husb. 2: 117-125. 325

Hutton, E.M., 1970. Tropical Pastures. Adv. Agron. 22: 1-73. Australia. 1. Phosphorus and pasture productivity - a re­ Huxley, E., 1935. Lord Delamere and the Making of Kenya. view. Trop. Grasslds 24: 131-139. Chatto & Windus. Jones, RJ. & T.R. Evans, 1961. The establishment and Ibrahim, K.M. & A. Orodho, 1983. Test adaptation and evalu­ production of a ley. East Afr. agric. For. J. 27: 85-90. ation trials of forage plants in major ecological regions of Jones, RJ. & R.M. Jones, 1971. Agronomic factors in pasture Ethiopia and Kenya. Proc. 14th intoGrassld Congr., Lexing­ and forage crop production in tropical Australia. Trop. ton (Kentucky), 1981: 240-243. Grasslds 5: 229-244. Ikombo, B.M., 1984. Effects of farmyard manure and fertilizer Jones, RJ. & R. Roe, 1976. Seed production, harvesting on maize in semiarid areas of eastern Kenya. East Afr. agric. and storage. In: N.H. Shaw & W.W. Bryan (Eds), Tropical For. J. 44 (special issue): 266-274. Pasture Research: Principles and Methods. CAB Bull. 51. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), Jones, RJ., A.A. Seawright & D.A. Little, 1970.Oxalate poison­ 1984. Forage and Browse Plants for Arid and Semi-arid ing in animals grazing the tropical grass Setaria sphacelata. Africa. Kew. J. Aust. Inst . agric. Sci. 36: 41-43. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), 1985. Inter­ Jones, R.M. & E.D. Carter, 1989. Demography of pasture national Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. Techn. 13 (2). legumes. In: G.e. Marten et al. (Eds), Persistence of Forage Irwin, JAG., 1989.Diseases of pasture legumesin Australia. In: Legumes. American Society of Agronomy. G.e. Marten et al. (Eds.), Persistence of Forage Legumes. Jones, R.M., J.e. Tothill & RJ. Jones, 1984. Pastures and American Society of Agronomy. Pasture Management in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. Trop. Ishag, H.I., 1965. Fodder crops in the Sudan Gezira. Afr. Soils Grassld Soc. Australia. Occasional Publ. No. 1. 10: 441-444. Jordan, S.M., 1957. Reclamation and pasture management in Itulya, S., 1975. A summary of the experimental work carried the semi-arid areas of Kitui district, Kenya. East Afr. agric. out between 1954-1975 at Nyandarua Agricultural Research J. 23: 84-88. Station, 01 Joro Orok. 01 Joro Orok report. Juko, CD, & R.M. Bredon, 1961. The chemical composition of Ivens, G.W., 1971. East African Weeds and Their Control. leaves and whole plant as an indicator of the range of Oxford University Press. available nutrients for selective grazing by cattle. Trop. Jackson, D.e., 1958. Some preliminary indications of soil Agric. (Trin .) 38: 179-187. moisture changes under arable crops. Rhod. agric. J. 55: Jurion, F. & J. Henry, 1967. De l'agriculture itinerante a 426-438. l'agriculture intensifiee. INEAC Hors Serle, Bruxelles. Jackson, G., 1951. Pasture and grass testing investigations. Kahurananga, 1. & A. Tsehay, 1991. Variation in flowering Nyasaland aqric. quart. J. 10: 110-116. time, dry matter and seed yield among annual Trifolium Jahnke, H.F., 1982. Livestock Production Systems and Live­ species, Ethiopia. Trop. Grasslds 25: 20-25. stock Development in Tropical Africa. Vauk, Kie1. Karachi, M.K., 1982. The performance of sweet potato Jama, B., G. Amare, D. Ngugi & B. Macklin, 1986. Leucaena (Ipomoea batatas 1.) Lam in western Kenya. East Afr. agric. alley-cropping for Kenya Coast. In: R.T. Prinsley & For. J. 47: 55-67. MJ. Swift (Eds), Amelioration of Soil by Trees. ICRAF, Karachi, M.K., 1983. Anthracnose attack, seed and dry matter Nairobi. production of Stylosanthes accessions at Alupe, Kenya. East Jameson, J.D., 1970. Agriculture in Uganda. Oxford University Afr. agric. For. J. 48: 92-96. Press. Karachi, M.K., 1988. Yield and quality of Lablab purpureus Jameson, J.D. & R.K. Kerkham, 1960. The maintenance of soil ecotypes in high altitude semi-arid areas in Kenya. In: B.H. fertility in Uganda. I. Soil fertility experiment at Serere. Emp. Dzowela (Ed.), African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, J. expoAgric. 28: 179-192. Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Jatzold, R. & H. Schmidt, 1982. Farm Management Handbook Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1987, ILCA, of Kenya. GTZ/Ministry of Agriculture, Nairobi. Addis Ababa. Jewitt, T.N. & H.W.B. Barlow, 1949. Animal excreta in the Karanja, G.M., 1981. Bana grass. Kenya Farmer, October: Sudan Gezira. Emp. J. expoAgric. 17: 1-17. 50-52. Joblin, A.D.H., 1960. The influence of night grazing on the Karanja, G.M., 1988. Napier grass for dry season use. Proc. growth rates of Zebu cattle in East Africa. J. Brit. Grassld Anim. Prod. Soc. Kenya 17: 1-6. Soc. 15: 212-215. Karue, C.N., 1974. The nutritive value of herbage in semi-arid Joblin, A.D.H., 1962.The use of grazing-animal observations in lands of East Africa. I Chemical composition. East Afr. agric. the early stages of pasture evaluation in the tropics. J. Brit. For. J. 40: 89-95. Grassld Soc. 17: 171-177; 274-281. Karue, CN, 1975a. The nutritive value of herbage in semi­ Joblin, A.D.H., 1963. Strip versus paddock grazing under arid lands of East Africa. II. Seasonal influence on the tropical conditions. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 18: 69-73. nutritive value of Themeda triandra. East Afr. agric. For. J. Jones, D.I.H., 1964. Mineral content of some cultivated 40: 372-387. grasses grown in Northern Rhodesia. Rhod. J. agric. Res. 2: Karue, e.N., 1975b. Intake and digestibility of 7hemeda tri­ 57-59. andra hay by age-paired Boran and Hereford steers. East Jones, P.A. & J.B.P. Robinson, 1965. Response of mature Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 35-41. Napier grass to fertilizers and cattle manure in Kenya. East Kategile, J.A. (Ed.), 1984. Pasture Improvement Research in Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 276-285. Eastern and Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop Harare 1984, Jones, R.J., 1990. Phosphorus and beef production in northern IDRC-237e, Ottawa . 326

Kategile, J.A. & A.N. Said (Eds), 1981. Utilization of Low Kidner, E.M., 1963.Milk yields in relation to pasture composi­ Quality Roughages in Africa. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1981. tion. East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 125-130. IDRC, Ottawa . Kidner, E.M., 1966. Beef production from pasture. East Afr. Kategile, J.A., A.N. Said & B.H. Dzowela (Eds), 1987. Animal agric. For. J. 31: 389-391; 32: 34-36 & 91-95. Feed Resources for Small-Scale Livestock Producers. Proc. Kiflewahid, B., G. Potts & R Drysdale (Eds), 1982. By-product 2nd PANESA Workshop Nairobi, 1985. IDRC-MRI65e, Utilization for Animal Production. Proc. Workshop Ottawa . Nairobi, 1982. IDRC, Ottawa . Kayongo-Male, H., C.N. Karue & E.R. Mutiga, 1977. The Kolbe, L., 1961.Eradication of Kikuyugrass. Machinery tests in effect of supplementation on the growth of dairy heifers the Kiambu district. Kenya Farmer, May. grazed on medium quality pasture under East African Kretschmer, A.E., 1989. Tropical forage legume development, conditions. East Afr. agric. For. J. 42: 432-440. diversity, and methodology for determining persistence. In: Keay, R.W.J., 1955. Montane vegetation and flora in the British G.c. Marten et al. (Eds), Persistence of Forage Legumes. Cameroons. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 165: 140-143. American Society of Agronomy. Kennan, T.C.D., 1952. The improved West African Napier Kulich, J., 1985. The potential for seed production of tropical fodders. Rhod. agric. J. 49: 221-228. pasture species in Zambia. Proc. 15th into Grassld Conqr.; Kennan, T.C.D., R.R. Staples & O. West, 1955. Veld manage­ Kyoto: 262-263. ment in Southern Rhodesia. Rhod. agric. J. 52: 4-21. Kulich, J., 1988. The potential of pasture legumes and their Kerkham, R.K., 1946. The carrying capacity of pastures at role in improving farming practices under extensive live­ Serere Experiment Station. East Afr. agric. J. 11: 170­ stock production systems in Zambia. In: B.H. Dzowela 172. (Ed.), African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Evalua­ Kerkham, R.K., 1947a. Grass fallow in Uganda. 1. Grazing tion of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock during the fallow period. East Afr. agric. J. 13: 3-7. Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1987, ILCA, Kerkham, R.K., 1947b. Effect of different systems of pasture Addis Ababa. management on yield of arable crops. Proc. agric. Res. Conf., Kulich, J. & E.M. Kaluba, 1984. Pasture research and Nairobi, 1947. East Afr. agric. J. 13: 78-79. development in Zambia. In: J.A. Kategile (Ed.), Kerkham, RK., 1950. Recent pasture work in Uganda. Pasture Improvement Research in Eastern and Southern Colloquium on Grassland Research, 1949. East Afr. agric. J. Africa. Proc. Workshop Harare 1984, IDRC-237e, 15: 206-208. Ottawa. Kerkham, R.K., H. Cronly & W.A. Allan, 1947. Live stock Kusewa, P.K., 1974. Review of pasture research work con­ improvement in the Buganda province of Uganda. East Afr. ducted from Embu Agricultural Research Station in Central agric. J. 13: 116-119. Kenya. Embu report. Kerr, A.J., 1942. A new system of grass-fallow strip-cropping Lang Brown, J.R. & J.F. Harrop, 1962.The ecology and soils of for the maintenance of soil fertility. Emp. J. exp o Agric. 10: the Kibale grasslands, Uganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 27: 125-132. 264-272. Kevelenge, J.E.E., A.N. Said & B. Kiflewahid, 1983. The nutri­ Langdale-Brown, L., H.A. Osmaston & 1.G. Wilson, 1964. The tive value of four arable farm by-products commonly fed to Vegetation of Uganda and its Bearing on Land-use. Govt dairy cattle by small scale farmers in Kenya. Trop. Anim. Printer, Entebbe, Prod. 8: 162-186. Langer, R.H.M. & GJ.A. Ryle, 1958. Vegetative pro­ Keya, N.C.O., 1973.The effectof N.P. fertilizers on the produc­ liferations in herbage grasses. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 13: tivity of Hyparrhenia grassland. East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 29-33. 195-200. Langlands, B.W., 1967. Burning in Eastern Africa. East Afr. Keya, N.C.O., 1974. Grassland/legume pastures in Western Geogr. Rev. 5: 21-37. Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 240-257. Lansbury, T.J., 1959.The composition and digestibility of some Keya, N.C.O., 1975. Recommendations for growing pastures conserved fodder crops for dry season feeding in Ghana. and fodder crops in Kenya. Kitale report. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 36: 305-308. Keya, N.C.O. & C.L.M. van Eijnatten, 1975. Studies on Larbi, A., P. Mislevy, M.B. Abdej & W.F. Brown, 1990. oversowing of natural grasslands in Kenya. East Afr. agric. Seasonal herbage and animal production from three Cyno­ For. J. 40: 261-263; 351-365. don species. Trop. Grasslds 24: 305-310. Keya, N.C.O., F.J. Olsen & R Holliday, 1971a. The role of Law, R. & P.J.M. Cooper, 1976. The effect and importance of superphosphate in the establishment of oversown tropical soil temperature in determining the early growth rate and legumes in natural grasslands of western Kenya. 1I'0p. final grain yields of maize in western Kenya. East Afr. agric. Grasslds 5: 109-116. For. J. 41: 189-200. Keya, N.C.O., F.J. Olsen & R Holliday, 1971b. Oversowing Lawton, RM., 1967. The value of browse in the dry tropics. improved pasture legumes in natural grasslands of the East Afr. agric. For. J. 33: 227-230. medium altitudes of Western Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. Lazier, J.R., 1989. Forage legume productivity in a medium 37: 148-155. altitude acid soil area of Ethiopia. Proc. 16th into Grassld Keya, N.C.O., F.J. Olsen & R. Holliday, 1972. Comparison Congr., Nice: 201-204. of seed beds for over-sowing a Chloris gayana Kunth/ Lebrun, 1., 1956. La vegetation et les territoires botaniques du Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) mixture in Hyparrhenia grass­ Ruanda-Urundi. In: Le Ruanda-U rundi, Ses Resources land. East Afr. agric. For. J. 37: 286-293. Naturelles, Ses Populations: 22-48. Bruxelles. 327

Lebrun, J., 1960. Sur les horizons et etages de vegetation de Lugenja, M.M.S., E.W. Rowland & C. Senga, 1977.The effectof divers volcans du massif des Virunga (Kivu-Congo). Bull. cutting interval on the yield and quality of Setaria splendida Jard . bot., Bruxelles. 30: 255-277. (Stapf)and Med icago sativa (L)under conditions prevailing in Ledger, H.P., 1950. The effect of lime on a Chloris gayana ley. northern Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 43: 106-110. East Afr. agric. J. 16: 43-46. Lyne Watt, W., 1929. Notes on trials of leguminous plants at Lehman, W.F., V.L. Marble & M.W. Nielson, 1985. Key factors the Scott Agricultural Laboratories. Dep. Agric. Nairobi . in the rapid development and seed increase of alfalfa with Bull. 1. insect resistance. Proc. 15th into Grassld Congr., Kyoto: Lwoga, A.B., 1981. Nitrogen on East African pasture. Proc. 3rd 232-233. Con! Ass. Adv. agric. Sci. Afr. (AAASA), Ibadan 11: 133-162. Le Mare, P.H., 1959. Soil fertility studies in three areas of Lwoga, A.B., M.M.S. Lugenja & A.R. Kajuni, 1984. Pasture Tangany ika. Emp. J. expoAgr ic. 27: 197-221. research in Tanzania. In: J.A. Kategile (Ed .), Pasture Im­ Le Mare, P.H., 1972. A long term experiment on soil fertility provement Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. Proc. and cotton yields in Tanzan ia. Exp. Agric. 8: 299-310. Workshop Harare 1984, IDRC-237e, Ottawa. Le Pelley, R.H., 1959. Agricultural Insects of East Africa. East McCown, R.L., G. Haaland & e. de Haan , 1979. The interac­ African Literature Bureau, Nairobi. tion between cultivation and livestock production in semi­ Lenne, Jillian M., 1986. Recent advances in the understanding arid Africa. In: A.E. Hall, G.H. Cannell & H.W. Lawton of Anthracnose of Stylosanthes in tropical America. Proc. (Eds), Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environment. Springer. 15th intoGrassld Congr., Kyoto: 773-776. McCown, R.L., B.A. Keating, M.E. Probert & R.K. Jones, 1992. Lenne, Jillian M. & R.M. Sonoda, 1985. Diseases of Macro­ Strategies for sustainable crop production in semi-arid Afri­ ptilium atropurpur eum - a review. Trop. Grasslds 19: 28-34. ca. Outl. Agric. 21: 21-31. Lenne, Jillian M. & Julie M. Stanton, 1990. Diseases of Des­ McCrae, A.W.R., 1975. Insect damage to exotic pasture in the modium - a review. Trop. Grasslds 24: 1-14. southern highlands of Tanzania. East Afr. agric. J. 40: Leonard, A., 1962. Les savanes herbeuses du Kivu. Ser. sci. 335-336. INEAC 95. MacDonald, A.S., 1965. Variation in open pollinated sweet Lewis, A.H., J. Procter & A.E.M. Hood , 1960. A comparison of potato seedlings in Buganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 31: ley and arable farming systems. J. agric. Sci. 54: 310-317. 183-188. Lex-Blake, A.1.(Ed.), 1957. Gardening in East Africa. Longman. MacDonald, A.S., 1966. Some aspects of ley establishment and Lind, E.M. & M.E.S. Morrison, 1974. East African Vegetation. management in the Kabanyolo Buganda environment. In: Longman. R.S. Musangi (Ed.), Pasture Production and Utilization by Loch,D.S., 1977. Brachiaria decumbens (Signal grass), a review Cattle in the Tropics with special Reference to Uganda. with particular reference to Australia. Trop. Grasslds 11: Seminar Makerere, 1966. Techn. Bull. 4: 7-13. 141-157. McKay, A.D., 1970. Range management research at EAAFRO. Loch,D.S., 1980.Selection of environment and cropping system East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: 346-349. for tropical grass seed production. 1rop. Grasslds 14: 159-168. McKay, A.D., 1971. Seasonal and management effects on the Lock, J.M., 1972. The effects of hippopotamus grazing on composition and availability of herbage, steer diet and grasslands. J. Ecol. 60: 445-467. live-weight gains in a Themeda triandra grassland in Kenya. Long, M.LE., 1967. Investigations on the in vitro digestibility J. agric. Sci. 76: 1-26. techniques used under East African conditions. East Afr. McKay, A.D. & P.E. Frandsen, 1969. Chemical and floristic agric. For. J. 33: 166-169. components of the diet of zebu cattle (Bos indicus) in Long, M.LE., D.O. Thorton & B. Marshall, 1969. Nutritive browse and grass range pastures in a semi-arid upland value of grasses in Ankole and the Queen Elisabeth National area of Kenya. I. Crude protein. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 46: Park, Uganda . II. Crude protein, crude fibre and soil nitro­ 276-292. gen. 1rop. Agric. (Trin.) 46: 31-42. McKay, A.D., P.E. Frandsen,J.e. Odero, M. Sondergaard & Long, M.I.E., W.K. Ndyanabo, B. Marshall & D.O. Thorton, S.P. Nganga, 1969. Chemical composition of herbage from 1969. Nutritive value of grasses in Ankole and the Queen Themeda grassland in Kenya before and after collection Elisabeth National Park, Uganda . II. Mineral content. Trop. from oesophageal fistulated steers. East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: Agric. (1rin.) 46: 201-209. 190-196. Long, M.LE., D.O. Thorton, W.K. Ndyanabo, B. Marshall & McNaughton, S.1., 1983. Serengeti grassland ecology: the role H. Ssekaalo, 1970. The mineral status of dairy farms in the of composite environmental factors and contingency in com­ parts of Buganda and Busoga bordering Lake Victoria, munity organization. Ecological Monographs 53: 291-320. Uganda . II. Nitrogen and mineral content of pastures. Trop. McNaughton, S.1., 1985. Ecology of a grazed ecosystem: the Agric. (1rin.) 47: 37-50. Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 55: 259-294. Long, M.LE., B. Marshall , W.K. Ndyanabo & D.O. Thorton, McWalter, A.R. & R.H. Wimble, 1976. A long-term rotational 1972. Mineral status of dairy farms in eastern Uganda . II. and manurial trial in Uganda. Exp . Agric. 12: 305-317. Nitrogen and mineral content of grasses and some mineral Maher, C., 1936a. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as a contents of bovine plasma. 1rop. Agric. (1rin.) 49: 227-234. cattle fodder in Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 1: 340-342. Low, A.1., 1955. Improvements in the structural state of soils Maher, C, 1936b. Mixed farming in East Africa. II. Grassland under leys. J. Soil Sci. 6: 179-199. and arable dairying in the Trans Nzoia District. East Afr. Low, A.1., F.1. Piper & P. Roberts, 1963. Soil changes in agric. J. 2: 12-27. ley-arable experiments. J. agric. Sci. 60: 229-238. Maher, e., 1939. Hill culture. East Afr. agric. J. 5: 36-43. 328

Maher, e., 1950. Soil conservation in Kenya Colony. Emp. J. Mathieu, P., 1960. L'elevage en Urundi. Bull. agric. Congo 51: expoAgric. 18: 137-149; 233-248. 885-922. Maitland, T.D., 1932. The grassland vegetation of the Matthews, G.A., 1984. Application equipment. In: P.J. Terry Cameroons Mountain. Kew Bull. 9: 417-425. (Ed.), Guide to Weed Control in East African Crops. Kenya Maitland, T.D . & e.E. Hubbard, 1927. Uganda Grasses. Kew Literature Bureau, Nairobi. Bull. Misc. In! 272. Mays, D.A. (Ed.), 1974. Forage Fertilization. American Society Mannetje, L. 't, 1966. A punched card key to species of of Agronomy. Trifolium L. in African south of the Sahara excluding Mbugua, P.N., 1976a. Review of role of Napier grass in Ethiopia. East Afr. agric. For. J. 31: 261-270. ruminant feeding. Kitale report. Mannetje, L. 't & R.M. Jones, 1990. Pasture and animal Mbugua, P.N., 1976b. Miscellaneous Napier grass reports. productivity of buffel grass with Siratro, lucerne or nitrogen Kitale . fertilizer. Trap. Grasslds 24: 269-281. Mears, P.T., 1970. Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) as a Mannetje, L. 't & A.J. Pritchard, 1968. The effects of photo­ pasture grass, a review. Trap. Grasslds 4: 139-152. period and night temperature on flowering and growth Mehlich, A., 1965. Mineral nutrient content of organic manures in some African Trifolium species. New Phyto/. 67: 257­ and mulching materials with particular reference to calcium, 263. magnesium and potassium. Kenya Coffee 30: 152-161. Mannetje, L. 't, R.J. Jones & T.H. Stobbs, 1976. Pasture Melle, H.A., 1918. Agricultural Grasses and their Culture. evaluation by grazing experiments. In: N.H. Shaw & W.W. Pretoria Dep. Agric. Bull. 5. Bryan (Eds), Tropical Pasture Research: Principles and Menaut, J.C., R. Barbault, P. Lavelle & M. Lepaze, 1984. Methods. CAB Bull. 51. African savannas: biological systems of humification and Marandu, W.Y.F., A.P. Uriyo & H.O. Mongi, 1975. Residual mineralization. In: J.e. Tothill & J.J. Mott (Eds), Ecology effects of NPK fertilizer application on the yield of maize and Management of the World's Savannas. Int. Savanna and pasture on a ferrisol at Morogoro. East Afr. agric. For. Symp. 1984. CAB. J. 40: 400-407. Meyer, J.A., 1961. Cultures de sideration, cultures ameliorantes Maranga, EX., M.J. Tricla & F. Smeins, 1983. Water relations et fertilite, Bull. agric. du Congo 52: 541-569. of Panicum maximum and Digitaria macroblephara on a Meyer, J.A., 1963. Ecologie et sociologie des microchampignons semi-arid rangeland of Kenya . East Afr. agric. For. J. 48: du sol de la Cuvette centrale congolaise. Ser. sci. INEAC 74-80. 101. Marshall, B. & R.M. Bredon, 1963. The chemical composition Meyn, K., 1971. Beef Production in East Africa. Institut fiir and nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennisetum pur­ Wirtschaftsforschung, Miinchen, pureum). Trap. Agric . (Trin.) 40: 63-66. Middleton, e.H. & G.A. Barry, 1978. A study of oxalate Marshall, B. & R.M. Bredon, 1967. The nutritive value of content in five grasses in the wet tropics of Queensland. Themeda triandra . East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: 375-379. Trap. Grasslds 12: 28-35. Marshall, B. & M.LE. Long, 1971. Calcium intake and excre­ Miles, D.G., H.A. Squire, D. Destro & M.J. Creek, 1972. tion of zebu cattle used for digestibility trials. East Afr. agric. Studies in forage production. Lanet report. For. J. 37: 46-48. Milford, R., 1960. Nutritional values for 17 subtropical grasses. Marshall, B., R.M. Bredon & CD. Juko, 1961. Nutrition of Aust. J. agric. Res. 11: 138-148. Zebu cattle. IV. The intake of dry matter by cattle with some Millar, R.P., 1967. Oestrogenic activity in Central African notes on the digestibility of Rhodes grass and star grass highveld grasses. Rhod. Zam. & Malawi J. agric. Res. 5: hays. J. agric. Sci. 56: 191-196. 179-183. Marshall, B., D. Pratchett & W.K. Ndyanabo, 1976. The Mills, W.R., 1953. A fertilizer trial with Chloris gayana and the mineral status of beef and dairy farms in Acholi and Lango yield of a subsequent cotton crop . Proc. 2nd Can! Interafr. districts, Uganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 218-230. Soils: 785-794. Marten, G.C., A.G. Matches, R.F. Barnes, R.W. Brougham, R.J. Minderhoud, J.W., P.F.J . van Burg, B. Deinum, J.G.P. Dirven Clements & G.W. Sheath (Eds), 1989. Persistence of Forage & M.L. 't Hart, 1974. Effects of high levels of nitrogen and Legumes. American Society of Agronomy. adequate utilization on grassland productivity and cattle Martin, E.F. & W.J. Badcock, 1937. Preliminary studies on performance with special reference to permanent pastures in grasses and grazing made at Ngetta, Northern Province, the temperate regions. Proc. 12th into Grassld Congr ., Uganda. East Afr. agric. J. 3: 192-195. Moscow, 1: 99-121. Martin, W.S., 1944a. Grass covers in their relation to soil Minson, D.J., T.H. Stobbs, M.P. Hegarty & M.J. Playne, 1976. structure. Emp. J. expo Agric. 12: 21-33. Measuring the nutritive value of pasture plants. In: N.H. Martin, W.S., 1944b. Soil structure. East Afr. agric. J. 9: Shaw & W.W. Bryan (Eds), Tropical Pasture Research: 189-195. Principles and Methods. CAB Bull. 51. Martin, W.S. & e.E.J. Biggs, 1937. Experiments on the main­ Moore, C.E.M ., 1965. Production of pasture seeds from me­ tenance of soil fertility in Uganda. East Afr. agric. J. 2: dium altitude. Kenya Farmer, April: 16-17. 371-378. Moreau, R.E., 1938. Climatic classification from the standpoint Masefield, G.B., 1946. Agricultural extension methods amongst of East African biology. J. Ecol. 26: 467-496. African peasant farmers. East Afr . agric. J. 11: 214-221. Morrison, J., 1966a. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization Mastenbroek, C, 1988. Plant breeders rights, an equitable legal of perennial ryegrass grown at high altitudes in Kenya. J. system for new plant cultivars. Exp. Agric. 24: 15-30. Brit. Grassld Soc. 21: 218-223. 329

Morrison, J., 1966b. The influence of lime, lime pelleting and Myoya, T.J. & N.J. Mukurasi, 1988. A review of pasture and method of sowing on the nodulation and growth of fodder crops germplasm evaluation at Uyole, Mbeya in subterranean clover. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 21: 270-275. Tanzania. In: RH. Dzowela (Ed.), African Forage Plant Morrison, J., 1966c. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus Genetic Resources, Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and and cultivation on the productivity of Kikuyu grass at Extensive Livestock Production Systems. Proc. Workshop high altitudes in Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 31: 291-297. Arusha 1987,ILCA, Addis Ababa. Morrison, J., 1966d. A note on the factors concerned in the Nada, Y., 1985. Responses of tropical pasture grasses to photo­ establishment of grass/clover swards at high elevations in period and temperature. Proc. 15th into Grassld Congr., Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 31: 445-448. Kyoto: 1256-1258. Morrison, J., 1966e. Productivity of grass and grass/legume Nakajima, K., 1985. Isolation of sexual plants in Guineagrass swards in the Kenya highlands. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: and the potential of its hybridization breeding in Japan . 19-24. Proc. 15th intoGrassld Congr., Kyoto: 258-259. Morrison, J., 1966f. Effects of cover crop and sowing dates on National Academy of Sciences, 1977. Leucaena, Promising grass/clover swards in the Kenya highlands. East Afr. agric. Forage and Tree Crop for the Tropics. Washington D.C. For. J. 32: 25-30. Nattrass, R.M., 1941. Notes on plant diseases. I. The white Morrison, J., 1968. Report of a pasture tour of Central and mould of Napier grass. East Afr. agric. J. 7: 56. Eastern Provinces. Kitale report. Nattrass, R.M., 1961. Host lists of Kenya fungi and bacteria. Morrison, J., 1969. Grasses and legumes at high altitudes in CAB Mycol. Papers 81. tropical Africa. Review Article. Herb. Abstr. 39: 101-106. Naveh, Z., 1966a. Selection of promising pasture plants for Mugerwa, 1.S. & Ruth Bwabye, 1974.Yield,composition and in northern Tanzania. III. The early performance of drought­ vitro digestibility of Amaranthus hybridus subspecies in­ resistant Glycine javanica L. ecotypes. East Afr. aqric. For. J. curvatus. Trop. Grasslds 8: 49-53 . 32: 103-107. Mugerwa, J.S. & RH. Ogwang, 1976. Dry matter production Naveh, Z., 1966b. The determination of range condition and and chemical composition of Elephantgrass hybrids. East trend on East African range lands. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: Afr. agric. For. J. 42: 60-65. 159-161. Mugerwa, J.S., D.A. Christensen & S. Ochetim, 1973. Grazing Naveh, Z., 1966c. Range research and development in the dry behaviour of exotic dairy cattle in Uganda. East Afr. agric. tropics with special reference to East Africa. Review Article. For. J. 39: 1-11. Herb. Abstr . 36: 77-85. Mukisira, E.A., 1988. The effect of lupin/maize meal supple­ Naveh, Z. & G.D. Anderson, 1965. Some preliminary yields mentation on the performance of lactating Friesian cows. In: from promising grassflegume mixtures at Tengeru, northern B.H. Dzowela (Ed.), African Forage Plant Genetic Re­ Tanzania. Afr. Soils 10: 493-499. sources, Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Naveh, Z. & G.D. Anderson, 1966. The introduction and Livestock Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha selection of promising pasture plants for' the Arusha and 1987, ILCA, Addis Ababa. Kilimanjaro Regions of northern Tanzania. East Afr. agric. Mulder, J., C.M. Waweru & C.K. Kamau, 1973.Intensive cattle For. J. 32: 41-44; 96-102. production on a smallholder basis. Lanet report. Naveh, Z. & G.D. Anderson, 1967. Selection of promising Munyi, D.N. & C. Smit, 1973. Productivity of a Kisii grass ley pasture plants for northern Tanzania. IV. Legumes, grasses at different ages. Naivasha report. and grassflegume mixtures. East Afr. agric. For. J. 32: Musangi, R.S., 1965. Feed intake studies in ruminants. Afr. Soils 283-304. 10: 313-336. Ndawula-Senyimba, M.S., 1972. Some aspects of the ecology of Musangi, R.S. (Ed.), 1966. Pasture Production and Utilization Themeda triandra. East Afr. agric. For. J. 38: 83-93. by Cattle in the Tropics with special Reference to Uganda. Ndyanabo, W.K., 1974. Oxalate content of some commonly Seminar Makerere, 1966. Techn. Bull. 4. grazed pasture forages of Lango and Acholi districts of Musangi, R.S., 1969. Dairy Husbandry in Eastern Africa. Long­ Uganda. East Afric. agric. For. J. 39: 210-214. man. Nicholson, D.D.A., 1971. Forage sorghum cultivation. Eldoret Muyekho, F.N., 1988. A review on evaluation and agronomy report. of promising lupine varieties in Kenya. In: B.H. Dzowela Nightingale, J.M. & H.T. Lloyd, 1946. Conversion of veld (Ed.), African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Evaluation grazing into ley pastures in the Kenya highlands. East Afr. of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Production agric. J. 12: 84-87. Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1987, ILCA, Addis Noirot, M., 1989. The morphological relation in the panicle of Ababa. Panicum maximum Jacq. Consequenceson the pollination and Mwakha, E., 1969. Observations on the effect of temperature the fertility. Proc. 16th intoGrassld Congr., Nice: 479-480. on the growth of Trifolium semipilosum (Pres.). East Afr. Noll, I.E. van der & B.H. Janssen, 1983.Cow dung slurry as an agric. For. J. 34: 289-292. organic manure for fodder crops in Kilifi, Coast Province. Mwakha, E., 1971. Germination depth of Bungoma grass Kilifi Pedology Project report. Entolasia imbricata Stapf. East Afr. agric. For. J. 37: Norris, D.O., 1967. The intelligent use of inoculants and lime 26-28. pelleting for tropical legumes. 'Irop. Grasslds 1: 107-121. Mwakha, E., 1972. Effect of cutting frequency on productivity Norris, D.O., 1975. Nodulation in pasture legumes. In: R. of Napier and Guatemala grasses in Western Kenya. East Milton Moore (Ed.), Australian Grasslands. Australian Na­ Afr. aqric. For. J. 37: 206-210. tional University Press. 330

Norris, D.O. & L. 't Mannetje, 1964. The symbiotic special­ of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Produc­ ization of African Trifolium spp. in relation to their tion Systems. Proc. Workshop Arusha 1987, ILCA, Addis taxonomy and their agronomic use. East Afr. agric. For. J. Ababa. 29: 214- 235. O'Rourke, J.T., P.1. Terry & G.W. Frame, 1976. Experimental Northwood, P.1. & J.e. Macartney, 1969. Pasture establish­ results of Eleusine jaegeri Pilg. control of East African ment and renovation by direct seeding. East Afr. agric. For. highlands . East Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 253-265. J. 35: 185-189. Oram, R.N., 1990. Register of Austral ian Herbage Plant Cul­ Nye, G.W., 1937. Preliminary notes on the use of Elephant tivars. 3rd Edition. CSIRO, Melbourne. Grass as a fallow crop in Buganda. East Afr. agric. J. 3: Orr, J.B. & A. Holm, 1931.The mineral deficienciesof pastures in 186-190. Kenya Colony. 6th Rep. Econ. Advnt Counc . Comm. 14-65. Nye, G.W., 1940. Some results from Bukalasa experiment Otieno, N.e. 1967. The anatomy of common pasture grasses in station. I. General. East Afr. agric. J. 5: 460--465. Kenya II: Digitaria scalarum Chiov. (African couch grass). Nye, P.H. & W.N.M. Foster, 1961. The relative uptake of East Afr. agric. For. J. 33: 23-30. phosphorus by crops and natural fallow from different part Otim, U ., 1975. Comparative beef production from ley and of the root zone. J. agric. Sci. 56: 299-306. improved natural pasture. East Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 45-51. Nye, P.H. & D.J. Greenland, 1960. The Soil under Shifting Otsyina, R.M. & CiM. McKell, 1985. Africa. Browse in the Cultivation. Commonw. Bur. Soils, Harpenden Techn. nutrition of livestock. World Anim. Rev. 53: 33-39. Comm.51. Owen, M.A., 1964. A note on the effect of a late application of Odhiambo, J.F., 1974. The nutritive value of various growth nitrogenous fertilizer on hay quality . East Afr. agric. For. J. stages of Pennisetum purpureum. East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 29: 322-325 . 325-329. Owen, M.A. & H.W. Brzotowski, 1966. A grass cover for the Oenema, 0 ., 1980. Combined application of organ ic manure upland soils of the Kongwa plain, Tanganyika. Trap. Agric. and triple superphosphate to hybrid maize in South West (Trin.) 43: 303-314. Kenya. Kisii Pedology Project report. Owen, M.A. & H.W. Brzotowski, 1967. Grass establishment Ogborn, J.E.A., 1965. Some effects of zerograzing on forage under semi-arid conditions in Central Tanganyika. Trap. production. Afr. Soils 10: 337-341. Agric. (Trin.) 44: 275-291. Ogwang, B.H. & J.S. Mugerwa, 1976. Yield response to nitro­ Oyenuga, V.A., 1957.The composition and agricultural value of gen application and in-vitro digestibility of elephant grass some grass species in Nigeria. Emp. J. expo Agric. 25: and bulrush millet hybrids. East Afr. agric. For. J. 41: 237-255 . 231-242. Parijs , A. van, 1959. Maintien de la productivite des sols sous Okwaro, G.A., H. Kayongo-Male & ex, Karue, 1978. The cultures continues en Ituri (Congo Beige). Proc. 3rd Conf. effect of variety and location on the nutritive value of nine Interafr. Soils: 857-863. sorghum varieties grown under Kenyan conditions. East Afr. Parry, M.S., 1954. Tree-planting in Tanganyika. IV. Species for agric. For. J. 43: 185-192. coastal areas. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 49-53. Olsen, F.1., 1972. Effect of large applications of nitrogen Parsons, 0.1.,1958. Problems of increasing livestock productiv­ fertilizer on the productivity and protein content of four ity in the intensive farming areas of Uganda. East Afr. agric. tropical grasses in Uganda. Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 49: 251­ J. 23: 167-171. 260. Parsons, U ., 1970. The "Africanizat ion" of the New World Olsen, F.J., 1973. Effects of cutting management of a tropical grasslands. Tiibinqer Geographische Studien 34: 141­ Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb .j Setaria sphacelata 153. (Schumach .) Stapf mixture. Agron. J. 65: 714-716. Parsons, J.J., 1972. Spread of African pasture grasses to the Olsen, F.1., 1974a. Effects of fertilization and cutting manage­ American Tropics . J. Range Management 25: 12-17. ment on yield and botanical composition of permanent Paterson, D.O., 1938. Further experiments with cultivated pasture. East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 391-396. tropical fodder crops. Emp. J. expoAgric. 6: 323-340. Olsen, F.1., 1974b. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and Pauw, E. de, 1984. Soils, Physiography and Agroecological protein content of Brachiaria mutica (Forsk .) Stapf, Cynodon Zones of Tanzania. Ministry of Agriculture, Dar es Salaam. dactylon (L.) Pers. and Setaria splendida Stapf in Uganda. Payne, W.1.A. & J.S. MacFarlane, 1963. A brief study of cattle Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 51: 523-529. browsing behaviour in a semi-arid area of Tanganyika. East Olsen, F.J. & P.G. Moe, 1971. The effect of phosphate Afr. agric. For J. 29: 131-133. and lime on the establishment, productivity, nodula­ Payne, W.1.A., 1971. Cattle Production in the Tropics. Long­ tion and persistence of Desmodium intortum, Medicago man. sativa and Stylosanthes gracilis. East Afr. agric. For. J. 37: Peat , J.E. & A.N. Prentice, 1949. The maintenance of soil 29-37. productivity in Sukumuland and adjacent areas, Tan­ Olsen, F.J. & E.R. Tiharuhondi, 1972. The productivity and ganyika. East Afr. agric. J. 15: 48-56. botanical composition of some selected grass/legume pasture Peers, A.W. & R.J. Jones, 1962. Establishment of grass leys by mixtures at different seeding rates. East Afr. agric. For. J. 38: undergrowing to cereals. East Afr. agric. For. J. 27: 145-149. 16-22. Pereira , H.C., 1959. Lessons gained from grazing trials at Onim, J.F.M. & B.H. Dzowela, 1988. The distribution of Makavete, Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 25: 59-62. Sesbania species in the Panesa region. In: B.H. Dzowela Pereira, H.e., 1962. Grazing control in semi-arid ranchland. (Ed.), African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Evaluation East Afr. agric. For. J. 27 (special issue): 42--46. 331

Pereira, H.C. & V.R.S. Beckley, 1953. Grass establishment on Poultney, R.G., 1960. The effectof potassium on the productiv­ eroded soil in a semi-arid African reserve. Emp. J. expo Agric. ity of lucerne. East Afr. aqric. J. 25: 266. 21: 1-15. Poultney, R.G., 1963a. A comparison of direct seeding and Pereira, H.C. & P.A. Jones, 1954. Field responses by Kenya undersowing on the establishment of grass, and the effecton coffeeto fertilizers, manures and mulches. Emp. J. expoAgric. the cover crop. East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 26-30. 22: 23-36. Poultney, R.G., 1963b. The effects of applied phosphate and Pereira, H.C., E.M. Chenery & W.R. Mills, 1954. The transient gypsum on the productivity of lucerne and clover. East Afr. effects of grasses in the structure of tropical soils. Emp. J. agric. For. J. 29: 106-109. expo Agric. 22: 148-160. Pratt, DJ., 1963. Reseeding denuded land in Baringo district, Pereira, H.C. & P.H. Hosegood, 1962. Soil moisture effects of Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 29: 78-91. Kudzu as a clove-orchard cover crop. East Afr. agric. For. J. Pratt, DJ., 1964. Reseeding denuded land in Baringo District, 27: 225-229. Kenya. II. Techniques for dry alluvial sites. East Afr. aqric. Pereira, a.c, P.H. Hosegood & M. Dagg, 1967. Effect of tied For. J. 29: 243-260. ridges and grass leys on a lateritic soil in Kenya. Exp . Agric. Pratt, DJ., 1968. Rangeland development in Kenya. Ann. Arid 3: 89-98. Zone 7: 177-208. Pereira, H.C., P.H. Hosegood & D.B. Thomas, 1961. The Pratt, DJ., 1969. Management of arid rangeland in Kenya. J. productivity of tropical semi-arid thorn-scrub country under Brit. Grassld Soc. 24: 151-157. intensive management. Emp. J. expo Agric. 29: 269-286. Pratt, DJ. & 1. Knight, 1964. Reseeding denuded land in Pereira, H.C., R.A. Wood, & H. Brzotowski, 1958. Water Baringo District. Kenya. III. Techniques for capped red conservation by fallowing in semi-arid tropical East Africa. loam soils. East Afr. agric. For. J. 30: 117-125. Emp. J. expo Agric. 26: 213-218. Pratt, DJ., PJ. Greenway & M.D. Gwynne, 1966. A classifica­ Peterson, D.D. & B.S. McGinnes, 1979. Vegetation of south tion of East African rangeland with an appendix on termi­ Masailand, Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 44: 252-271. nology. J. appl. Eco/. 3: 369-382. Phillips, J.F.V., 1929. Some important vegetation communities Pratt, D.1. & M.D. Gwynne, 1977. Range Management and in the Central Province of Tanganyika Territory. S. Afr. J. Ecology in East Africa. Hodder & Stoughton. Sci. 26: 332-372. Preston, T.R. & R.A. Leng, 1987. Matching ruminant produc­ Phillips, J.F.V., 1931. A sketch of the floral regions of Tan­ tion systems with available resources in the tropics and ganyika Territory. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 19: 363-372. subtropics. Penambul Books. Pichi-Sermolli, R.E.G., 1955. Tropical East Africa (Ethiopia, Prins, W.H., 1969. Final report on pasture agronomy. Kitulo, Somaliland, Kenya, Tanganyika) in Plant Ecology: reviews Tanzania . of research. Unesco Arid Zone Res. 6: 302-353. Prins, W.H., 1975.Plant production and protection with special Pole Evans, LB., 1933. Agricultural possibilities of some of the referenceto pasture research and extension in Zambia. FAO African grasses. Emp. J. exp oAgric. 1: 341-347. report. Pole Evans, LB., 1939. Report on a Visit to Kenya. Govt Quinlan, TJ., K.A. Shaw & W.H.R. Edgley, 1975. Kikuyugrass. Printer, Nairobi. Advisory Leafiet 1335, Dep. Prim. Ind., Brisbane. Pole Evans, I.B., 1948. Roadside Observations on the Vegeta­ Rattray, R.M., 1960. The Grass Cover of Africa. FAO agric. tion of East and Central Africa on a Journey from Pretoria Studies 49. to Kenya. Govt Printer, Pretoria. Reed, J.D., B.S. Capper & PJ.H. Neate, 1988. Plant Breeding Pole Evans, LB., 1950. Beefproduction possibilities in Southern and the Nutritive Value of Crop Residues. ILCA, Addis Africa. Emp. J. exp oAgric. 18: 81-94. Ababa. Popay, A.I., 1974. Investigations into the behaviour of the seeds Reid, R.J., A.J. Post, F.J. Olsen & J.S. Mugerwa, 1973. Studies of some tropical weeds. East Afr. Agric. For. J. 40: 31-43; on the nutritional quality of grasses and legumes in 408-415. Uganda. I. Application of in-vitro digestibility techniques to Popay, A.1.& G.W. Ivens, 1982. East Africa. In: W. Holzner & species and stage of growth effects. Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 50: M. Numata (Eds), Biology and Ecology of Weeds. Dr W. 1-15. Junk. Rensburg, HJ. van, 1947a. The role of pasture development in Potter, H.L., 1987. Inventory of feed resources for the small­ soil conservation, Tanganyika territory. East Afr. agric. J. holder farmer in Kenya. In: J.A. Kategile, A.N. Said & 13: 23-26 . B.H. Dzowela (Eds), 1987. Animal Feed Resources for Small­ Rensburg, H.J. van, 1947b. Notes on some browse plants. East Scale Livestock Producers. Proc. 2nd PANESA Workshop Afr. agric. J. 13: 164-166. Nairobi , 1985. IDRC-MRI65e, Ottawa. Rensburg, HJ. van, 1948a. The cultivation of introduced pas­ Potter, H.L. & A.N. Said, 1986. Effects of defoliation on ture plants. East. Afr. agric. J. 14: 3-9. vegetation growth in a semi-arid area of Kenya. East Afr. Rensburg, H.1. van, \948b. Pasture management. East Afr. agric. For. J. 52: 81-87. agric. J. 14: 26-28. Potts, MJ. & E. Biranguza, 1989. The evaluation of alternative Rensburg, HJ. van, 1950. Tanganyika work on fodder plants fodder crops under African highland conditions. Exp. Aqric. and grazing management. Colloquium on Grassland Re­ 25: 99-107. search, 1949. East Afr. agric. J. 15: 200-206. Poultney, R.G., 1959.Preliminary investigations on the effectof Rensburg, HJ. van, 1952. Grass burning experiments on the fertilizers applied to natural grassland. East Afr. agric. J. 25: Msima River stock farm, Southern Highlands, Tanganyika. 47-49. East Afr. agric. J. 17: 119-129. 332

Rensburg, H.J. van, 1953. Encroachment and control of shrubs Robyns, W., 1948. Les territoires phytogeographiques du in relation to grassland development in Africa. East Afr. Congo Beige et du Rwanda Burundi. Atlas General du agric. J. 19: 61-65. Congo. Bruxelles. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1955a. Run-off and soil erosion tests, Rocco, D.M., 1958. Chemical weed control in lucerne by Mpwapwa, central Tanganyika. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 228­ means of "activated" DNBP. East Afr. agric. J. 23: 262­ 231. 264. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1955b. Land usage in semi-arid parts of Rocco, D.M., 1960.Some trials on the use of Dalapon for the Tanganyika. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 247-253. control of grasses in lucerne. Conf. Couch Contr. EAAFRO, Rensburg, H.1. van, 1956. Comparative values of fodder plants Muguga. in Tanganyika. East Afr. agric. J. 22: 14-19. Rodel, M.G.W., 1972. Effect of different grasses on the Rensburg, H.J. van, 1958a. Gully utilization and erosion con­ incidence of neonatal goitre and skeletal deformities in trol. East Afr. agric. J. 23: 190-192. autumn born lambs. Rhod. agric. J. 69: 59-60. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1958b. Grassland trials at Tarime, Lake Rogerson, A., 1955.Nutrit ive value of green Indigofera subulata province, Tanganyika. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 64-66. herbage. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 240. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1960. Ecological aspects of the major Rogerson, A., 1956. Feeding values of local barley, maize and grassland types in Tanganyika. Proc. 8th intoGrassld Congr., oat straws. East Afr. agric. J. 21: 159-160. Reading: 367-393. Roseveare, G.M., 1948.The Grasslands of Latin America. Bull. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1965. Development of planted fallows of 36 Imperial Bur. Past. Field Crops. short duration to replace long-term bush fallows. Afr. Soils Rossiter, J., 1974. Familiarisation tour reports in eastern 10: 381-384. Kenya. Katuman i reports. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1967. Pasture Legumes and Grasses in Rovira, A.D., 1978. Microbiology of pasture soils and some Zambia. Govt Printer, Lusaka. effectsof microorganisms on pasture plants. In: J.R. Wilson Rensburg, H.1. van, 1968. Growth and seasonal composition (Ed.), Plant Relations in Pastures. CSIRO. of natural grassland in Zambia. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 23: Royle, R.B., 1961.Stall-feedingof native cattle in Cholo. Nyasa­ 51-52. land Farmer & Forester 5. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1969a. Management and Utilization of Rijkenbusch, P.A.H., 1967. Notes on leguminous cover crops in Pastures of East Africa. FAO, Rome. sisal. Tanganyika Sisal Growers Association. Sisal Res. Sta. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1969b. Selection of Productive Strains of Bull. 44. Chloris gayana in Zambia. Govt. Printer, Lusaka. Rudert, CP; 1975. Mineral supplementation of ruminants Rensburg, H.1. van, 1969c. Introduced Legumes in Natural grazing star grass pastures. Rhod. agric. J. 72: 113-114. Grassland and in Established Pasture in Zambia. Govt. Russell, E.W., 1973.Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. Long­ Printer, Lusaka. man. Rensburg, H.1. van, 1969d. Legume/grass pastures in Zambia. Ruthenberg, H., 1976. Farming Systems of the Tropics. Fmg Zambia 4: 1-4. Clarendon Press. Renson, C, 1928. Le zacate gordura (Melinis minutiflora). Bull. Ryley, M.1., 1981. Ergot in Panicum maximum in Queensland. agric. Congo Beige 19: 451-460. Aust . PI. Pathol. 10: 37. Richardson, E.F., 1965. Cover crop recommendations. Kenya Sabiiti, E.N., 1984. Evaluation of Indigofera hirsuta L. in Sisal Board Bull. 53. association with Chloris gayana Kunth . In: J.c. Tothill & Ridder, N. de & H. van Keulen, 1990.Some aspects of the role J.1. Mott (Eds), Ecology and Management of the World's of organic matter in sustainable intensified arable farming Savannas. Int. Savanna Symp. 1984. CAB systems in the West African semi-arid tropics (SAT). Fert. Said, A.N., 1971. In-vivo digestibility and nutritive value of Res. 26: 299-310. Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) with a tentative Risopoulos, S.A., 1966. Management and Use of Grasslands of assessment of its yield of nutrients. East Afr. agric. For. J.. the Congo. FAO, Rome. 37: 15-21. Robertson, A.G. & J.P. Bemacca, 1958. Game elimination as a Said, A.N., 1976. Evaluation of feeds. Some results from tsetse control measure in Uganda. East Afr. agric. J. 23: the study of the nutritive value of Kenya grasses and 254-261. fodder crops. In: C.T. Thomas (Ed.) Conference Kitale, Robinson, lB.D., 1956.The influence of fertilisers and manure 1976. on the pH reaction of a coffee soil. East Afr. agric. J. 22: Said, A.N., 1984. Past and current trends of pasture research in 76-80. Kenya. In: lA. Kategile (Ed.), Pasture Improvement Re­ Robinson, J.B.D. & E.M. Chenery, 1958.Magnesium deficiency search in Eastern and Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop in coffee with special reference to mulching. Emp. J. expo Harare 1984,IDRC-237e, Ottawa. Agric. 26: 259-273. Said, A.N., J.L. Wheeler & D.A. Hedges, 1983. Sulphur supple­ Robinson, J.B.D. & T.R. Brooke, 1959. Camber bed cultivation mentation of Hereford x Boran steers grazing Sorghum of ground water (vlei) soils. I. Experimental crop yields. East almum. Hop. Anim. Prod. 8: 53-55. Afr . agric. J. 24: 184-191. Sanchez, P.A., 1976. Properties and Management of Soils in the Robyns, W., 1928. Plantes Congolaises pour engrais verts et Tropics. Wiley. pour couverture. Bull. agric. Congo Beige 19: 483-511. Sanchez, P.A. & L.E. Tergas (Eds), 1979.Pasture Production in Robyns, W., 1934. Flore Agrostologique du Congo Beige. Acid Soils of the Tropics. Proc. CIAT Workshop Cali, 1979. Bruxelles. CIAT 03 EG-5. 333

Sands, E.B., D.B. Thomas, J. Knight & DJ. Pratt, 1970. Simpson, J.R. & T.H. Stobbs, 1981. Nitrogen supply and Preliminary selection of pasture plants for the semi-arid animal production from pastures. In: F.H.W. Morley (Ed.), areas of Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 36: 49-57. Grazing Animals. World Animal Science. Elsevier. Santana, J.R. de, R.M.A. Moreno, N.G. Arruda, J.M. Pereira Skerman, P.J., 1977. Tropical Forage Legumes. FAO, Rome. & E.M. Moreira, 1987. [Evaluation of Napier grass Skerman, P.J. & F. Riveros, 1989. Tropical Grasses . FAO, (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivars.] Herb. Abstr. 57: 553. Rome. Savidan, Y.H., 1983. Genetics and utilization of apomixis for Slagsvold, P., 1969. Some aspects of livestock feeding and the improvement of Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). fertility. East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: 174-180. Proc. 14th into Grassld Congr., Lexington (Kentucky), 1981: Smith, CA., 1962. Tropical grass/legume pastures in Northern 182-184. Rhodesia. J. aqric. Sci. 59: 111-119. Savory, R. & D. Thomas, 1977. Pasture Handbook for Malawi. Smith, CA., 1963. Oversowing pasture legumes in the Lilongwe. Hyparrhenia grasslands of Northern Rhodesia . Nature Savory, R., lA. Breen & C.I.A. Beale, 1980. Leucaena as a 200: 811-812. forage crop on small farms in Malawi. In: H.N. Ie Houerou Smith, CA., I964a. Studies on the Hyparrhenia veld of North­ (Ed.), Browse in Africa. ILCA, Addis Ababa. ern Rhodesia. IV. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and Scaife, M.A., 1971. The long-term effects of fertilizers, farmyard defoliation . J. agric. Sci. 62: 299-306 . manure and leys at Mwanhala, western Tanzania. East Afr. Smith, CA., 1964b. Studies on the Hyparrhenia veld of North­ agric. For. J. 37: 8-14. ern Rhodesia. V. The yield of veld compared with Giant Scaillet, M., 1960. Etude phytosociologique et bromatologique Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). J. agric. Sci. 63: 75-79 . de quelques associations herbageres de la Luvironza. Bul/. Smith, CA., 1965.Stud ies on the Hyparrhenia veld of Northern Inst . agron. Gembl. 3, Hors Serie: 1412-1435. Rhodesia. VI. The fertilizer value of animal excreta. J. agric. Scaillet, M., 1965. Les cultures et jacheres fourrageres d'altitude Sci. 64: 403-406. au Burundi. Afr. Soils 10: 205-210. Smith, CJ., 1966. Problems in establishing dry-land pastures in Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara, 1956. Int. Rhodesia. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 21: 238-244. Conf. Phytogeography. Pub!. No 22, Yangambi . Smith, CJ., 1971. Seed dormancy in Sabi Panicum. Proc. into Schlippe, P. de, 1956. Shifting Cultivation in Africa. Routledge Seed Test. Ass. 36: 81- 97. & Kegan. Snijders, PJ.M., A. Nahuis, F. Wekesa & A.P. Wouters, Schmidt, P.E. & R. Watkins, 1968. Response of natural coastal 1992a. Yield and quality of Napier grass and greenleaf pastures to fertilizers and some economic considerations in Desmodium at two cutting regimes. Naivasha report. beef production. Tanga report. Snijders, PJ.M., A.B. Orodho & A.P. Wouters, 1992b. Effect of Scott, J.D., 1967. Advances in pasture work in South Africa. manure application methods on yield and quality of Napier Review Articles. Herb. Abstr. 37: 1-9; 159-167. grass. Naivasha report. Scott, R.M., 1969. Soils. In: W.T.W. Morgan (Ed.), East Africa: Snijders, PJ.M. & A.P. Wouters, 1990.Silage quality and losses Its People and Resources. Oxford University Press. due to ensiling of Napiergrass, Columbus grass and rnaizest­ Seitzer, J.L., MJ. Butt & H.A. Mulamula, 1970. Fertilizer over under smallholder conditions. Naivasha report. response to wheat in Kenya . East Afr. agric. For. J. 36: Snowden, lD., 1933. A study in altitudinal zonation in South 131-138. Kigezi and on Mounts Muhavura and Mgahinga, Uganda. Semb, G. & J.B.D. Robinson, 1969. The natural nitrogen flush J. Ecol. 21: 7-27. in different arable soils and climates in East Africa. East Afr. Snowden, J.D., 1953. The Grass Communities and Mountain agric. For. J. 34: 350-370. Vegetation of Uganda. Crown Agents, London. Shantz, H.L. & CF. Marbut, 1923. The Vegetation and Soils of Soest, L.J.M. van, 1976. Exploration and evaluation of Africa. Res. Ser. Am. geogr. Soc. 13: 1-263. New York. grasses for seed production. TF-Ken 29 (Nor), FAO, Rome. Shantz, H.L. & B.L. Turner, 1958. Photographic Documenta­ Sombroek,W.C, H.M.H. Braun & B.J.A. van der Pouw, 1982. tion of Vegetational Changes in Africa over a Third of a Explanatory soil map and agro-climatic zone map of Kenya. Century. Rep. Arizona agric. Exp. Sta . 169: 1-158. Kenya Soil Survey report EI, Nairobi. Sheldrick, R.D., 1975. Optimum cutting period for silage maize Soneji, S.V., R.S. Musangi & FJ. Olsen, 1971. Digestibility and in Western Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 40: 394-399. feed intake investigat ions at different stages of growth of Sheldrick, R.G. & J.R. Goldson, 1978. The results of a forage Brachiaria ruziziensis, Chloris gayana and Setaria sphacelata system exercise at Kitale. Kitale report (PRP/23). using Corriedale wether sheep. East Afr. agric. For. J. 37: Sheldrick, R.D. & D.M. Tha iru, 1975. Seasonal patterns of 125-128;267-271. grass growth at Kitale. Kitale report (PRP/3). Souza, D.I.A. de, 1969. Legume nodulation and nitrogen fix­ Silvey, M.W. & R.M. Jones, 1990. Permanent pastures on a ation studies in Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 34: 299-305 . brigalow soil: changes in pasture yield and composition Spurling, A.T. & Daphne Spurling, 1972. Stallfeeding experi­ during the first five years. Trap. Grasslds 24: 282-290. ments with beef cattle in southern Malawi. East Afr. agric. Simpson, J.R., 1960. The mechanism of surface nitrate ac­ For. J. 38: 70-74. cumulation on a bare fallow soil in Uganda. J. Soil Sci. II : Ssekaalo, H., 1972. Cobalt and molybdenum contents of pas­ 45-60. ture plants on dairy farms of the eastern region of Uganda. Simpson, J.R., 1961. The effects of several agricultural treat­ Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 49: 221-226. ments on the nitrogen status of a red earth in Uganda. East Stapf, O. & CE. Hubbard, 1934. Flora of Tropical Africa. IX. Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 158-163. Gramineae. L. Reeve & Co. 334

Staples, R.R., 1931-1939. Ann . Rep. Dep. Vet. Sci. Anim . Husb., Stobbs, T.H., 1970. The use of liveweight-gain trials for pasture Mpwapwa. evaluation in the tropics. J. Brit. Grassld Soc. 25: 73-78. Staples, R.R., 1932. Pasture investigations . Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 9: Stobbs, T.H., 1971. Quality of pasture and forage crops for 359-361. dairy production in the tropical regions of Australia . Trap. Staples, R.R., 1945. Bush control and deferred grazing as Grasslds 5: 159-170. measures to improve pastures. East Afr . agric. J. 10: 217­ Stobbs, T.H., 1975. Beef production from improved pastures in 222. the tropics. World Rev. Anim. Prod. 11: 58-65. Stephens, D., 1960. Three rotation experiments with grass Stobbs, T.H. & A.D.H. Joblin, 1966.The use of liveweight-gain fallows and fertilizers. Emp. J. exp oAgric. 28: 165-178. trials for pasture evaluation in the tropics. J. Brit. Grassld Stephens, D., 1967a. Effects of fertilizers on grazed and cut Soc. 21: 49-55; 181-185. elephant grass leys at Kawanda Research Station, Uganda. Stotz, D., 1977. Zerograzing. Livestock Recording Centre, East Afr . agric. For. J. 32: 383-392 . Naivasha . Stephens, D., 1967b. Effects of grass fallow treatments in Stotz, D., 1979. Smallholder Development in Past, Present and restoring fertility of Buganda clay loam in South Uganda. J. Future in Kenya. Thesis Hohenheim . agric. Sci. 68: 391-403. Strange, R., 1954a. The production and handling of herbage Stephens, D., 1969. The effects of fertilizers, manure and trace seeds. Royal agric. Soc. Kenya 3: 18-21. elements in continuous cropping rotations in southern and Strange, R., 1954b. Ley establishment at medium altitudes. western Uganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 34: 401--417. Royal agric. Soc. Kenya 4: 13-20. Stephens, D., 1970. Soil fertility. In: J.D. Jameson (Ed.), Agricul­ Strange, R., 1955a. The management of permanent pastures in ture in Uganda. Oxford University Press. the high rainfall mixed farming areas. Royal agric. Soc. Stewart, D.R.M., 1965. The epidermal characters of grasses, Ken ya 7: 5-7. with special reference to East African plains species. Bota­ Strange, R., 1955b. Forage legumes for medium altitudes in nische Jahrbiicher 84: 63-174. Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 221-224. Stobbs, T.H., 1962. The design, working and profitability of Strange, R., 1955c. Miscellaneous experiments. Kitale report. small stall-feeding units for cattle in Uganda . East Afr. agric. Strange, R., 1958a. Pasture plants. Ken ya Farmer (6 monthly For. J. 27: 260-263. installments), Jan-June 1958. Stobbs, T.H., 1965a. Animal production from pasture leys. Afr. Strange, R., 1958b. Preliminary trials of grasses and legumes Soils 10: 293-299. under grazing. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 92-102. Stobbs, T.H., 1965b. Beef production from Uganda pastures Strange, R., 1959a. Perennial late season pastures . Kitale re­ containing St ylosanthes gracilis and Centrosema pubescens. port. Proc. 9th intoGrassld Congr ., Sao Paulo: 939-942. Strange, R., 1959b. Observations on the growth of non-irrigated Stobbs, T.H., 1969a. The effect of grazing management upon lucerne. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 171-173 . pasture productivity in Uganda. I. Stocking rate. Trap. Strange , R., 1959c.A comparison between Russian comfrey and Agric. (Trin.) 46: 187-194. lucerne. East Afr. agric. J. 24: 203-205. Stobbs, T.H., 1969b. The effect of grazing management upon Strange, R., 1960a. The effects of four management treatments pasture productivity in Uganda. II. Grazing frequency. Trop. on temporary leys. East Afr. agric. J. 25: 251-254. Aqric . (Trin.) 46: 195-200. Strange, R., 1960b. Observations on grasses and legumes under Stobbs, T.H., 1969c. The effect of grazing management upon grazing. East Afr. agric. For. J. 26: 54-55. pasture productivity in Uganda. III. Rotational and continu­ Strange, R., 1961a. Effect of legumes and fertilizers on the yield ous grazing. Trap. Agric. (1rin.) 46: 293-301. of temporary leys. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 26: 231-234. Stobbs, T.H., 1969d. The effect of grazing management upon Strange, R., 1961b. Chicory (Cichorum intybus): its use and pasture productivity in Uganda. IV. Selective grazing. Trap. limitations as a forage crop. Farmer & Planter 64: 13-14. Aqric. (Trin.) 46: 303-309. Strange, R., 1963. Grassland and forage farming in the high Stobbs, T.H., 196ge. The effect of grazing resting land upon bracken, Kikuyu and star grass zones of Mount Kenya and subsequent arable crop yields. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 35: Eastern Aberdares. Embu report 4/63. 28-32. Strange, R., 1980. An Introduction to African Pastureland Stobbs, T.H., 1969f. The influence of inorganic fertilizers upon Production. Pasture and Fodder Crop Studies No .6, FAO, the adaptation, persistency and production of grass and Rome. grassflegume swards in eastern Uganda. East Afr. agric. For. SUllie, J.M., 1965a. The establishment of pastures at medium J. 35: 112-117. altitudes. Kenya Farmer: 16-17. Stobbs, T.H., 1969g. Animal production from Hyparrhenia SUllie, J.M., 1965b. Some fodder crops of Kenya in relation to grassland oversown with St ylosanthes gracilis. East Afr . altitude. Afr. Soils 10: 217-224. agric. For. J. 35: 128-134. SUllie, J.M., 1967. Notes on Kenya Pastures. Kitale report. Stobbs, T.H., 1969h. The value of Centr osema pubescens SUllie,J.M., 1968. Pasture legume research in Kenya. East Afr . (Benth.) for increasing animal production and improving soil agric. For. J. 33: 281-285 . fertility in northern Uganda . East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: SUllie, J.M., 1970a. The effect of single superphosphate on the 197-202. yield and chemical composition of a grazedflegume pasture Stobbs, T.H., 1969i. The use of liveweight gain trials for pasture at Kitale, Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: 359-363. evaluation in the tropics. III. The measurement of large SUllie,J.M., 1970b. A review of crop introduction in Kenya and pasture differences. J. Brit . Grassld Soc. 24: 177-183. a check list of crops. East Afr . agric. For. J. 35: 372-385. 335

Suttie, J.M. & e.E.M. Moore, 1966. Desmodium uncinatum. Thomas, D., 1973. Nitrogen from tropical pasture legumes on Kenya Farmer , March. the African continent. Herb . Abstr. 43: 33-39. Swynnerton, RJ.M., 1949. Some problems of the Chagga on Thomas, D., 1975.Establishing a mixed pasture under maize in Kilimanjaro. East Afr. agric. J. 14: 117-132. Malawi. Exp. Agric. II: 257-263; 273-276. Taerum, R., 1970a. Comparative shoot and root growth studies Thomas, D., 1976a. Evaluation of cultivars of Panicum on the on six grasses in Kenya. East Afr. aqric. For. J. 36: 94-113. Lilongwe Plain, Malawi. Trop. Agric. (Trin.) 53: 225-230. Taerum, R., 1970b. A study of root and shoot growth on three Thomas, D., 1976b. Effectsof close grazing on the productivity grass species in Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 36: 155-170. and persistence of tropical legumes with Rhodes grass in Taerum , R., I97Oc. A note of chemical content of some East Malawi. Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 53: 321-327. African grasses. East Afr. agric. For. J. 36: 171-176. Thomas, D., I976c. Effects of close grazing or cutting on the Takahashi, M., J.e. Moowaw & J.e. Ripperton, 1966. Studies productivity of tropical legumes in pure stands in Malawi. on Napier grass. III. Grazing management. Hawaii Agric. Trop. Agr ic. (Trin.) 53: 329-333 . Exp. Sta . Bull. 128. Thomas, D. & R. Schulze-Kraft, 1990. Evaluation of five Takahashi, Y., S. Uozumu, S. Ono & Y. Yoden, 1985. Italian shrubby legumes in comparison with Centrosema acutifolium, ryegrass response to allelopathic effects of stubble-residues Carimagua, Colombia. 'ITop. Grasslds 24: 87-92. from several tropical grasses. Proc. 15th intoGrassld Congr ., Thomas, D.B., 1960. Perennial pasture plants for low rainfall Kyoto: 382-383. areas of Ukambani. Katumani report. Tainton, N.M., 1969. Environmental control of flowering in Thomas, D.B., 1970. Lucerne good, but more research needed. tropical-subtropical grasses. Proc. Grassld Soc. S. Afr . 4: Kenya Farmer, August. 49-55 . Thomas, D.B., 1972. Observations on lucerne as a pasture Tempany, H. & D.H. Grist, 1958. An Introduction to Tropical legume on volcanic ash soil at Njoro, Kenya. East Afr. agric. Agriculture. London . For. J. 37: 336-340. Terry, P.J., 1974. Field evaluation of glyphosate, asulam and Thornton, D.D., 1970. A stocking rate trial on rough grazing in dalapon on East African couch grass (Digitaria scalarum). Buganda. III. Liveweight gains in the last two years. East East Afr. agric. For. J. 39: 386-390. Afr. agric. For. J. 35: 331-335. Terry, P.J. (Ed.), 1984. A Guide to Weed Control in East Thornton, D.D. & G.N. Harrington, 1971. The effect of differ­ African Crops. Kenya Literature Bureau, Nairobi. ent stocking rates on the weight gain of Ankole steers on Thairu, D.M., 1970. The importance of pasture in Kenyan natur al grassland in western Uganda. J. agric. Sci. 76: farming. World Crops 22: 318-319. 97-106. Thairu, D.M., 1972.The contribution of Desmodium intortum to Thorp , T.K., 1979. A Zambian Handbook of Pasture and the yield of Setaria sphacelata . East Afr. agric. For. J. 37: Fodder Crops. FAO, Rome. 215-219. Tieszen, L.1., M.M. Senyimba, S.K. Imbamba & 1.H. Thairu, D.M., 1973. The use of legumes in pasture production Troughton, 1979. The distribution of C-3 and C-4 grasses in Kenya. Proc. Kenya Soc. An im. Prod . 6: 22-27. and carbon isotype discrimination along an altitudinal and Thomas, A.S., 1940a. Grasses and Grazing: Weeds. In: J.D. moisture gradient in Kenya. Oecoloqia 37: 337-350. Tothill (Ed.),Agriculture in Uganda. Oxford University Press. Tiharuhondi, E.R., F.J. Olsen & R.S. Musangi, 1973. Applica­ Thomas, A.S., I940b. Gra sses as indicator plants in Uganda . tion of nitrogen and irrigation to pasture to enhance cattle East Afr. agric. J. 6: 19-22; 77-80. production during the season in Uganda. East Afr . agric. Thomas, A.S., 194Oc. Cover crops and shade trees. In: J.D. Tothill For. J. 38: 383-393. (Ed.), Agriculture in Uganda. Oxford University Press. Tiley,G.E.D., 1959.Elephant grass in Uganda. Kawanda report. Thomas, A.S., 1943. The vegetation of the Karamoja district, Tiley, G.E.D., 1965a. The ecology of natural grasslands in Uganda. J. Ecol. 31: 149. Uganda and its bearing on planted pastures. Afr. Soils 10: Thomas, A.S., 1960a. The trampling animal. J. Brit . Grassld 273-283. Soc. IS: 89-93. Tiley, G.E.D., 1965b. The management and yields of elephant Thomas, A.S., 1960b. Grass and fire. Proc. 8th into Grassld grass ley under cutting and grazing. Afr. Soils 10: 357-360. Congr ., Reading: 405-407. Tiley, G.E.D., 1965c.The history of research into ley farming in Thomas, A.S., 1965. The importance of African aquatic grasses. western and central Uganda and its present aims. Afr . Soils Proc. 9th intoGrassld Congr ., Sao Paulo : 1397-1399. 10: 401-404. Thomas, A.S., 1966.Ecology and human influence.In: W. Davies Tiley, G.E.D., 1965d. The effectsof the grass ley on arable crops & e.L. Skidmore (Eds), Tropical Pastures. Faber & Faber. with special reference to the elephant grass areas of Uganda. Thomas, e., 1977a. The effect of level of concentrate feeding on Afr. Soils 10: 409-412. voluntary intake and performance by steers given silage of Tiley, G.E.D., 1966. Some results of the study of legumes in Chloris gayana during the dry season and their subsequent planted pastures in central Uganda . In: R.S. Musangi (Ed.), growth to slaughter. East Afr. agric. For. J. 42: 328-336. Pasture Production and Utilization by Cattle in the Tropics Thomas, C; I977b. The effect of supplementing hay with with special Reference to Uganda . Seminar Makerere, 1966. pyrethrum marc on voluntary intake and digestibility. East Techn. Bull. 4: 14-18. Afr. agric. For. J. 42: 337-341. Tiley, G.E.D., 1969. Elephant grass. Kawanda Technical Com­ Thomas, C, P.K. Njoroge & 1.S. Felon, 1980. Prediction of munication 23. digestibility in three tropical grasses. Trap. Agric. (Trin.) 57: Tiley, G.E.D., 1970a. Pasture research at Kawanda Research 75-81 . Station, Kampala. Kawanda report. 336

Tiley, G.E.D., 1970b. Weeds. In: J.D. Jameson (Ed.),Agriculture Verdcourt, B. & E.C. Trump, 1969.Common Poisonous Plants in Uganda. Oxford University Press. of East Africa. Collins. Timberlake, J. & A.e. Dionisio, 1984. Review of the use of Vesey-FitzGerald, L.D.E.F., 1963. Central African grasslands. improved pasture species in Mozambique. In: J.A. Kategile J. Eeol. 51: 243-274. (Ed.), Pasture Improvement Research in Eastern and Vesey-FitzGerald, L.D.E.F., 1965. The utilization of natural Southern Africa. Proc. Workshop Harare, 1984.IDRC-237e, pastures in the Rukwa Valley, Tanganyika. East Afr. Wildl. Ottawa . J.7: 131-145. Timson, S.D., 1943. Prussic acid content of Giant Star grasses Vesey-FitzGerald, L.D.E.F., 1970. The origin and distribu­ (Cynodon pleetostaehyus) and of Kavirondo sorghum. Rhod. tion of valley grasslands in East Africa. J. Eeol. 58: 51­ aqric . J. 40: 371-373. 76. Todd, J.R., 1956. Investigations into the chemical composition Vesey-FitzGerald, L.D.E.F., 1973. East African Grasslands. and nutritive value of certain forage plants at medium East African Publishing House, Nairobi. altitudes in the tropics. J. agrie. Sci. 47: 29-59. Vicente-Chandler, J., 1974. Fertilization of humid tropical Topps, J.H. & R.e. Elliott, 1965. Nitrogen metabolism of grasslands. In: D.A. Mays (Ed.), Forage Fertilization. Ameri­ cattle and sheep in Southern Africa. Outl. Agrie. 4: 310­ can Society of Agronomy. 365. Vicente-Chandler, J., F. Abruna, R. Caro-Costas, J. Figarella, S. Tothill, J.D., 1940. Agriculture in Uganda. Oxford University Silva & RW. Pearson, 1974. Intensive Grassland Manage­ Press. ment in the Humid Tropics of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Tothill, J.e. & JJ. Mott (Eds), 1984. Ecology and Management University Bull. 233. of the World's Savannas. Int. Savanna Symp. 1984. CAB. Voorthuizen, E.G. van, 1971. A quality evaluation of four Trapnell, CiG; 1953. The Soils, Vegetation and Agriculture of widely distributed native grasses in Tanzania. East Afr. North Eastern Rhodesia. Rep. ecol. Surv. Govt Printer, agrie. For. J. 36: 384-391. Lusaka. Voorthuizen, E.G. van, 1972. The effects of cutting frequency Trapnell, C.G., W.R. Birch, M.A. Brunt & DJ. Pratt, 1966. and height on four naturally occurring grasses in Tanzania. Kenya Vegetation: sheet I. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, East Afr. agrie. For. J. 37: 258-264. Tolworth. Walker, B., 1968. Grazing experiments at Ukiriguru, Tanzania. Trapnell, e.G., M.A. Brunt & W.R. Birch, 1970. Map of II. Comparisons of rotat ional and continuous grazing sys­ Vegetation - Land Use Survey of S.W. Kenya. Sheets 1-3. tems on natural pastures of hardpan soils using an "extra­ Survey of Kenya, Nairobi. period latin-square change-over design". East Afr. agrie. For. Trapnell, CG. & J.M. Clothier, 1937.The Soils, Vegetation and J. 34: 235-244. Agricultural Systems of North Western Rhodesia. Govt Walker, B., 1969a. Herbage plants for pasture improvement in Printer, Lusaka. western Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 35: 1. Trapnell, co, M.T. Friend & C.T. Chamberlain, 1976. The Walker, B., 1969b. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and forage effects of fire and termites on a Zambian woodland soil. J. legumes on a Cenehrus ciliaris pasture in western Tanzania. Eeol. 64: 577-588. East Afr. agrie. For. J. 35: 2-5 . Trapnell, e.G. & J.F. Griffiths, 1960. The rainfall altitude Walker, B., 1969c. Effectof feeding hay on the early wet season relation and its ecological significance in Kenya. East Afr. weight loss of cattle in western Tanzania. Exp. Agrie. 5: aqric. J. 25: 207-213. 53-57. Trapnell, e.G. & I. Langdale-Brown, 1969. Natural Vegetation. Walker, B. & G.D. Scott, 1968a. Grazing experiments at In: W.T.W. Morgan (Ed.), East Africa: Its People and Ukiriguru, Tanzania. I. Comparisons of rotational and con­ Resources. Oxford University Press. tinuous grazing systems on pastures of hardpan soils. East Tuley, P., 1968. Stylosanthes gracilis. Review Article. Herb. Afr. agrie. For. J. 34: 224-234. Abstr. 38: 87-94. Walker, B. & G.D. Scott, 1968b. Grazing experiments at Urio, N.A., S.V. Sarwatt & E.J. Mtengeti, 1988. A reviewof the Ukiriguru, Tanzania. III. A comparison of three stocking potential of Braehiaria species as forage crop for livestock in rates on the productivity and botanical compositions of Tanzania. In: B.H. Dzowela (Ed.), African Forage Plant natural pastures of hardpan soils. East Afr. agrie. For. J. 34: Genetic Resources, Evaluation of Forage Germplasm and 245-255. Extensive Livestock Production Systems. Proc. Workshop Walker, B. & E.J. Weston, 1990. Pasture development in Arusha 1987, ILCA, Addis Ababa. Queensland - a success story. Trop. Grasslds 24: 257-268. USA Operations Mission of Ethiopia, 1954. The Agriculture of Walker, B.H., 1984. Structure and function of savannas. In: Ethiopia . J.C. Tothill & 1.1. Mott (Eds), Ecology and Management of Uyole Agricultural Centre, 1977/1978. Uyole reports. the World's Savannas. Int. Savanna Symp. CAB. Vancoppenolle, R., 1988. Ecologie, phytotechnie, productivite Wallis, JA.N., 1962. Observations on the differential responses et valeur alimentaire de quatre graminees Iourrageres au of 40 grass species and strains to low doses of Dalapon . Pest Burundi. Ann. Gembloux 94: 245-274. Abstr. 8: 200-202. Veenstra, T. & J.G. Boonman, 1974. Chemical weed control in Wandera, F.P., B.H. Dzowela & M.K. Karachi, 1991. Produc­ tropical grasses and legumes. Proe. 5th East Afr. Weed tion and nutritive value of browse species in semi-arid Control Conf: 139-151. Kenya. Trop. Grasslds 25: 349-355. Verboom, W.e., 1965. Legumes in zambia. Trop. Agrie. (Trin.) Wanjala, B.W., 1981. Some four important feeding stuffs for 42: 229-242. ruminants for small-scale farmers. Kitale report. 337

Wapakala, W.W., 1976. Changes in some chemical properties Wijk, A.J.P. van, 1977. The breeding of Napier grass (Pen­ of a red-clay soil: results of long-term fertilizer and rota­ nisetum purpureum Schumach.). Kitale report. tional trials in Central Kenya. East Afr. agric. For. J. 42: Wijk, AJ.P. van, 1980. Breeding for improved herbage and 201-218. seed yield in Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf and Ware-Austin, W.O., 1948. Pasture management. East Afr. agric. Hubbard ex Moss. Agric. Res. Rep. 900, Wageningen. J. 14: 26-28 . Wijk, A.J.P. van, J.G. Boonman & W. Rumball, 1993. Ware-Austin, W.O., 1963. Napier grass for milk production in Achievements and perspectives in the breeding of forage the Trans Nzoia. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: 223-227. grasses and legumes. Proc. 17th into Grassld Conqr., New Webster, c.c., 1954a. Land utilisation and soil fertility Zealand. maintenance in Kenya. Proc. 2nd Can! Interafr. Soils, Wild, H., 1969. Geobotanical anomalies in Rhodesia. I. The Leopoldoille2: 1425. vegetation of copper bearing soils. Kirkia 7: 1-71. Webster, C.c., 1954b. The ley and soil fertility in Britain and Wilkinson, H., 1940. Termites in East Africa. II. The biology Kenya. East Afr. agric. J. 20: 71-74. and control of termites damaging grassland. East Afr. agric. Weinmann, H., 1964. Response of grasses to fertilizers in J. 6: 67-72. Southern Rhodesia. A review. Rhod. agric. J. Techn. Bull. 2. Williams, R.I., R.L. Burt & R.W. Strickland, 1976. Plant Wendt, W.B., 1970. Responses of pasture species in eastern introduction. In: N.H. Shaw & W.W. Bryan (Eds), Uganda to phosphorus, sulphur and potassium. East Afr. Tropical Pasture Research: Principles and Methods. CAB agric. For. J. 36: 211-219. Bull. 51. Wendt, W.B., 1971. Effects of inoculation and fertilisers on Wilson, A.D., 1970. Kilifi Plantations report. Desmodium intortum at Serere, Uganda . East Afr. agric. For. Wilson, J.G., 1962. Opportunities for pasture improvement in J. 36: 317-321. the various ecological zones of Karamoja. East Afr. agric. Wendt, W.B., T.H. Stobbs, G.E.D. Tiley & G.G. Tucker, 1970. For. J. 27 (special issue): 47-48 . Pasture Handbook. Entebbe. Wilson, J.G. & R.M. Bredon, 1963. Nutritional value of some West, 0., 1965. Fire in vegetation and its use in pasture common cattle browse and fodder plants of Karamoja , management, with special reference to tropical and subtropi­ Northern Provice, Uganda. East Afr. agric. For. J. 28: cal Africa. CAB. 204-208. Wheatley, P.E., 1965. Pest Handbook. Govt Printer, Nairobi . Wilson, J.R. & OJ. Minson, 1980. Prospects for improving the Wheeler, J.L. & R.I. Jones, 1977. The potential for forage digestibility and intake of tropical grasses. Trap. Grasslds 14: legumes in Kenya. Trap. Grasslds 11: 273-282. 253-259. Wheeler, J.L. & C. Mulcahy, 1989. Consequencies for animal Woolhouse, H.W. & S. Walker, 1981. The physiological production of cyanogenesis in Sorghum forage and hay. A basis of copper toxicity and copper tolerance in higher review. Trap. Grasslds 23: 193-202. plants. In: J.F. Loneragan , J.F. Robson & R.D. Graham Whiteman, P.c., 1980. Tropical Pasture Science. Oxford Uni­ (Eds): Copper in Soils and Plants. Academic Press, versity press. Sydney. Whyte, R.O., 1939. Erosion and other surveys in East Africa. Wouters, A.P., 1985. Uninterrupted growth of Napier grass Herb. Rev. 7: 101-103. (var. Banagrass) at two levels of nitrogen application . Whyte, R.O., 1947. Africa. The Use and Misuse of Shrubs and Naivasha report. Trees as Fodder. Imperial agric. Bur. Joint Publication 10: Wouters, A.P., 1986. The productivity and quality of Napier 94-109. grass (var. Banagrass) during the dry season at three levelsof Whyte, R.O., 1958. Plant Exploration, Collection and Introduc­ N-application . Naivasha report. tion. FAO aqric. Studies. 41. Wouters, A.P., 1987a. Dry matter yield and quality of Napier Whyte, R.O., 1962. The myth of tropical grasslands. Trap. grass on farm level, 1983-1986. Naivasha report. Agric. (Trin.) 39: 1-11. Wouters, A.P., 1987b. Results of feed intake study on farms in Whyte, R.O., 1968.Grasslands of the Monsoon . Faber & Faber. Kiambu and Kericho. Naivasha report. Whyte, R.O., 1974.Tropical Grazing Lands. Communities and York, P.A., E. Nyamadzawo & E. Bemont, 1989. Forage Constituent Species. Dr W. Junk. and seed yield of Chloris gayana (Rhodes) varieties at 3 Whyte, R.O., G. Nillson-Leissner & H.C. Trumble, 1953. sites in Zimbabwe. Proc. 16th into Grassld Conqr., Nice: Legumes in Agriculture. FAO agric. Studies 21. 367-368. Whyte, R.O., T.R.G. Moir & J.P. Cooper, 1959. Grasses in Young, A., 1989. Agroforestry for Soil Conservation . CAB. Agriculture. FAO agric. Studie s 42. Young, A. & P. Brown, 1962. The Physical Environment of Wigg, P.M., 1973. The role of sown pastures in semi-arid Northern Nyasaland with Special Reference to Soils and central Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 38: 375-382. Agriculture. Govt Printer, Zomba. Wigg, P.M., M.A. Owen & NJ. Mukurasi, 1973. Influence of Young, c.c. & D.P. Bartholomew, 1981. Allelopathy in a farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizers on sown pastures grass-legume association. I. Effects of Hemarthria altissima and on seed yield and quality of Cenchrus ciliaris L., (Poir.) Stapf. and Hubb. root residues on the growth of Kongwa, Tanzania. East Afr. agric. For. J. 38: 367-374. Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. and Hemarthria altissima in Wijk, AJ.P. van, 1976. Herbage yield and quality relationships a tropical soil. Crop Sci. 21: 771-774. of three varieties of Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf and Zyl, L.G. van, 1970. Elephant grass in the south eastern Hubbard. Neth . J. agric. Sci. 24: 147-154. Transvaal. Fmg S. Afr. 46 (July): 25, 27, 29, 31, 35. Index

Adaptation 92, 94,101 ,103,106,112,113,115,174-176, Burning, see fire 187, 199 Bush control, see weed control Aeschynomene americana 209 Bye-product 3, 65, 71, 138, 154, 215, 217, 220-221, 266 Allelopathy 134, 201 Amaranthus spp. 136,292,302 C-4 photosynthesis 30, 74, 200 Andropogon amethystinus 31, 37 Ca (calcium)47,66,70-71,75,79,107,114,133,134,147, Andropogon chrysostachyus 31, 37,42, 113 192-196,242,248,251,262-263,291-295 Andropogon gayanus 60, 98, 124 Calopogonium mucunoides 11, 192, 202-203, 209, 214 Andropogon spp. 30, 31, 37, 60 Canna edulis 302 Animal manure 7, 11,33,47,48, 50,69-72,81, 144-145, Cassava 7, 34, 38, 76 149, 219, 242-245, 268 Cassia rotundifolia 209 Animal production 3,43,47, 52-53, 95, 100, 108, 114, Catena 18 123, 145, 146, 194-196,254,260-267 Cenchrus ciliaris 1,9,21,26,28,37-38,56,60,77-78,90, Apomixis 116-122, 161, 186 96,98,102-103,110,115,117-118,152,171,175, Atriplex spp. 9, 296 186-187 Avena sativa 8, 9, 30, 32, 38,46,88-89, 103, 125, 142, Centre of genetic diversity 1, 2, 9, 14, 19, 86, 101, 103, 151,218,266,285-287 105, 112 Azospirillum brasilense 74 Centrosema pubescens 6, 11,68, 72, 82, 122-123, 192, 196, 199, 202-203, 205, 207-208, 252 Banana 7, 34, 66, 70, 220 Cichorium intybus (chichory) 302 Beniowskia sphaeroidea (white mould), 113, 185, Chloris gayana 1, 7, 9, 12, 26-27, 32-33, 37-38, 40, 44, 230-231, 271 46,47, 50-51, 53, 60-63, 72, 75-77, 81-84,90-91, Beta vulgaris 296-298 93-95,98,102-111,114,119-120,123,129,131-132, Bloat 44, 196, 211, 287, 293, 297 136,139,152-172,173-189,195,198,203-205,211, Bothriochloa insculpta 35, 37, 51-52, 58, 124 215,217,225,258,260,263,267,272,295,304-306 Brachiaria decumbens 7, 28, 35, 37, 50, 54, 60-63, 73, Chloris roxburghiana 21, 30, 37, 126 102, 120-121 Chrysopogon aucheri 21, 36, 37 Brachiaria ruziziensis 58, 63, 90, 96-98, 101-105, Climate 14-19,21,24,29-30,32, 101, 103, 110, 141 120-121,129, 132, 164,174, 176, 181, 186,232 Climax (vegetation) 19, 20, 26-27 Brachiaria spp. 31, 36, 120, 123 Clitoria ternatea 202, 209 Brachystegia-Julbernardia (miombo) woodland 18,24, Cobalt 11, 194, 251 26, 35 Colfee 6-10, 21, 33-35, 38, 49, 61, 70, 72 Bracken (fern) 19, 32, 44, 270 Colonizing habit (of species) 27-34, 40, 47, 50, 62, 102, Brassica spp. 8, 30,46, 103,266, 296-297 118, 123 Breeding 3, 87, 99, 105, 109, 111, 152, 154, 161, 165, Combretum woodland 21, 24, 26, 35, 51 173-189,206,210 Conservation (hay and silage) 2, 44, 45, 47-48, 57-58, 96, -Hybridization 46, 112, 117, 124, 126, 173-176, 99, 108, 122, 129, 136, 142, 144, 147-151, 154, 159, 185-186, 227, 275-277 218, 219, 261, 288, 304-309 -Environemtal interactions 87, 176, 181 Continuous cropping 67, 71, 73, 80-82 -Variety trials 185, 225, 272, 275, 280, 289-290, 298 Continuous grazing 40, 49, 51-53, 140,200 Bromus catharticus 44, 123-124 Copper 30, 251 Browse (trees) 301 Coprophagous insects 71, 244, 265 339 340

Cotton 6, 7, 10, 12,35,38, 72, 81-82, 88 Eragrostis tef 8, 32, 125 Cover crop, see green manure Eragrostis tenuifolia 36, 51, 148 Crop-grass rotation 3, 6, 12, 32,45-46,48, 50, 72-84, Eragrostis spp. 35 115, 118, 125, 128, 251-252, 278, 285, 297 Erosion, see soil erosion Crotalaria juncea 68, 75, 76 · Exotheca abyssinica 26, 31, 37, 113 Cucurbita spp. 296 Cutting versus grazing 262-266 Fallow 1,2,28,40,65-67, 73-77, 83-85, 219, 263 -Subsequent crop yields 81, 251-252 Farmers' varieties 2, 8-9, 88, 105, 109 Cymbopogon nardus 34, 37, 51, 54, 56, 62-63,98, 101 Fencing 8, 53, 56, 60, 140,220,265 Cynodon spp. 4.2.2 1,9, 25, 27-29, 32-34, 36-37, 40, 43, Festuca arundinacea 90, 103, 124 46-50,52-53,56,59-63,90-91,93-94,96,98, Festuca rubra 63 101-102,110,119-120,123,129,143,160-161,171, Fire 19,26-28,32,34,43,45,49-51,54,56-57,65-66, 74, 176, 232, 237, 260, 282, 292, 306 113, 119, 131 Forest 1, 20-21, 24-25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 42-43, 66-68, 72-73, 102 Dactylis glomerata 32, 38, 45-46, 80, 90, 103, 123-124, Frost 14, 16,42, 106, 113 211 Dactyloctenium geminatum 36, 60 Gliricidia spp. 11, 301 Daylength 100, 106, 113, 141, 162, 187, 210-211 Green-manure (or cover crops) 6-8, 68-69,190-191,201, Desmodium intortum 11,38, 82,98, 191-192, 196,201, 206-207, 209, 214, 299 206, 252, 253, 293 Groundnuts 7, 68, 76, 82, 194,202,292 Desmodium uncinatum 11,38,58,93, 139, 152, 191-212, 252-256, 260, 272 Harvest interval 57, 58, 145, 240-242, 246-247, 255, 271, Digestibility 43, 46-47, 93, 97-100,109,111,114, 275,292 121-122, 179-189, 195-196,206-207,230,232, Heading patterns 41, 99-100, 102, 104, 106, 108-109, 246-248, 258-260 112-113, 119, 121-122, 124, 129, 142, 156-172, Digitaria abyssinica 27-28, 31-37, 50, 61-63, 67, 102, 173-189, 222 108, 113, 129, 138, 161, 197, 237, 254, 292 Heteropogon contortus 36, 37, 52, 60 Digitaria decumbens (syn. D. eriantha) 102, 109, 124, Hyparrhenia cymbaria 35-36, 50-51 160-161 Hyparrhenia diplandra 35, 50, 64 Digitaria macroblephara 26, 57 Hyparrhenia filipendula 35-37, 50, 52, 54, 58, 63-64, 208 Digitaria maitlandii 36-37, 52 Hyparrhenia rufa 4, 9, 35-37, 60, 63, 90,98,102,122-123 Digitaria milanjiana 36-38, 56-57, 60 Hyparrhenia spp. 24-25, 28-30, 35,40,51-52,56,58-59, Digitaria velutina 136 62-63 Digitaria spp. 31, 36, 52, 102, 136 Hyperthelia dissoluta 24-30, 35-37, 40, 50-52, 63-64, Disease 49, 73, 81, 89, 92, 101, 107, 109, 111, 113, 116, 102, 108 118-119,124-125,154,161-162,171,185,206-214, 230-231,275,282-283,286,294,299 Imperata cylindrica 33, 34, 37, 49, 58, 62-64 Dolichos spp. 60, 192,202,209,252 Indigofera spp. 25, 60, 202-203, 209 Drought tolerance 38, 77, 88, 90, 95-96, 106-107, Intake 43, 47, 97-99, 195-196,207,214,258-262 109-110, 115, 118, 122, 129, 145, 181, 187, 197, 199, 223-224, 233, 277 K (Potassium) 69, 71, 75, 80, 82, 114, 147, 219, 242, 244, Dry matter (%) of species 94 249-251,262,263 K-fertilizer 203, 243, 250-251 Echinochloa haploclada 125 Kenya Seed Company 12, 108-109, 153, 174, 198 Ecological zones, see zonation Kikuyugrass zone 17, 19,29-33,37-38,41-46, 113 Edaphic factors 18, 26-27, 30, 37 Kikuyugrass decline 32,42 Elephantgrass zone 19, 29, 34, 37-38, 49, 124 Eleusine indica 129, 135-136,283 Lablab purpureus 6, 9, 86, 192, 201, 252, 299 Eleusinejaegeri 31-32, 37, 42-45, 51, 56, 63 Lawn-type grasses 32-33,41-42,46,49,97, 102, 121, Enteropogon macrostachyus 126 123, 125, 160 Entolasia imbricata 125 Leaf:stem ratio 1,99, 180, 182-183,223,240-241,248, Eragrostis lasiantha (syn E. olivacea) 31 259-260 Eragrostis racemosa 30-31, 36, 51-52 Legumes 3, 6-12,41, 52-53, 58-61, 82, 108, 115, Eragrostis superba 37, 77-78, 125 142-144, 147, 190-214,252-256 341

-Subsequent crop yields 82, 208 173-189, 191, 195-196,247-248 ,254-255,258-262, - Persistence 197-214 273, 280, 287, 294 Leptochloa obtusiflora 126 Leucaena leucocephala 6, 9, 11,68, 75-76, 192, 196, 199, Oestrogen 44,47 201, 214, 300-301 Onobrychis viciifolia 296-297 Lime 45, 58, 75, 147, 192-195, 211-212, 251, 291 Overgrazing 11,20,40,51-54, 56, 140, 198-200 Lolium multiflorum 124 Oversowing 58-59, 117 Lolium perenne 32, 38,45-46, 80, 87, 90, 103, 123, 141, Oxalic acid 115, 251, 271, 302 145, 161, 211 Lotononis bainesii 192-193,209,282 Panicum coloratum 26, 28, 37, 86, 90-91, 94, 96, 98, Loudetia kagerensis 26, 35-37, 51-52, 54, 59, 114 104-105, 119, 122, 129, 132, 153, 157, 160, 162-164, Loudetia simplex 26, 30-31 167, 169, 174, 186, 305 Lucerne 2, 6, 38, 88-89,98, 103, 173, 192, 198-201, 205, Panicum maximum 1,9, 12,26,28, 36-38,49-51,57, 215, 218, 266, 276, 288-295, 302 60-63, 73, 77-78,90-91,94,96,98, 102, 104-105, Lupinus spp. 193, 299 115-117,119,129,132,152,157,162,164,171,174, 186,200, 205, 232, 255, 266, 270-273, 304 Macroptilium atropurpureum 192, 196, 199,202, Paspalum dilatatum 9, 125, 176 205-208,210,215 Paspalum notatum 7, 76, 102, 123, 125, 186 Macrotyloma axillare cv Archer 209 Paspalum plicatulum 125 Mg (Magnesium) 43,66, 70-71, 219, 242, 250, 263 Paspalum scrobiculatum 28, 36-37, 61-63,98, 126 Maize 2, 6, 12,38,48,65-75,81-84,88, 108, 119, 121, Pelleting (of seed) 118, 136, 192, 211-212 136, 138, 147, 152, 190, 196, 204-206, 218, 220, Pennisetum c1andestinum 1, 9, 19, 24, 27-33, 36-37, 265-266, 274, 277, 291, 306-308 40-47,53,62,63,77,84,87,90-91,94-95,102,115, Medicago spp. 9 123, 129, 161, 220, 260, 285 Melilotus alba 252, 300 Pennisetum glaucum 185, 227-228, 275, 283 Melinis minutiflora 4, 9, 12, 36, 63, 84, 90, 95, 98, Pennisetum mezianum 25-26, 37 102-103, 105, 118-120, 132, 138-139, 152, 157, 161 Pennisetum purpureum 1, 6-9, 25-34, 37, 40, 63, 67-77, Minerals 11, 70-71, 81, 107, 114-115, 133-134,242,251, 81-82,90-91,94,98, 101-103, 113, 115, 141, 145, 262,287, 295, 302 160,175,184-190,194,197-198,200,203-205, -Depletion 242-244, 248-252, 262, 268 217-272,283,294 Mowing (see also conservation) -Varieties 224-230 -As husbandry tool 52,54, 57-58, 147-151 Pennisetum sphacelatum 31, 32,42-45,51, 56 - As topping 134, 135, 148 Pennisetum squamulatum 126 Mucuna pruriens 6, 68, 299 Pennisetum stramineum 37, 51 Mulching 6-7, 49, 70, 80, 154, 218-219, 248, 250, 261 Pennisetum unisetum 35,51-52, 126 Persistence 3, 10, 28, 34, 38, 42, 48-49, 52, 58-59, 62, 90, Nematodes 12, 111, 125, 201, 206 92,96-97,102,107,110,115-119,122-123,181,186, Neonotonia wightii, 36, 38, 58, 86, 98, 192, 195-196, 188, 191, 195-215, 233, 276, 300 199-202, 206, 252 Pests (of plants) 49, 81, 92, 101, 107, 113, 121, 124-125, N-availability 43, 74, 92, 128, 134, 143 129,136,171,206,231-232,283,286,294,296-298, N-fertilizer 4, 43, 45-49, 59-60, 69-74, 79, 81, 93, 99-100, 301 108,114,118,120-121,140-151,154-172,191-196, Phalaris (Ronphagrass) 126 200-205, 213-215, 244-248, 253, 256, 269, 280 Phleum pratense 124 - Harvest interval 246 P (Phosphorus) 11, 70-71, 74, 155, 158, 242-243 - Forms of fertilizer 146, 251 - Depletion by cutting 249 -Plant density 155-156, 159, 164-166, 168, 170 P-fertilizer 45,59-60, 144, 194-195,207,211,214-215, - Seed bed 59, 134 243,248,250,252,280 -Strategic application 45, 146, 245-246 - Forms of fertilizer 133 - Time of application 158-160,245-246 -Seed bed application 131-134 -Zerograzing 248 -Zero-grazing 249 N-fixation 4, 68, 74, 191-195,255 Pisum spp. 45, 296 N-immobilization 72-74 Plantation agriculture 6, 10-11, 213 N-mineralization 50, 68, 73-74,92, 141, 146,237,248 Plant density 155-166, 168, 170,237-240 Night paddock 42, 46, 48, 71-72, 82, 145,265 Poa pratensis 117, 161, 176, 186 Nutritive value 3,43,47,51, 57-58,92-95,97-100, 141, Poterium sanguisorba 9, 302 342

Primary grasses 28, 29, 35, 40, 50, 60-64, 102 Sporobolus ioclados (syn. S. marginatus) 51-52, 58 Prosopis spp. 301 Sporobolus pyramidalis 32,35-36,54, 108, 148 Prussic acid 47, 276, 280-282 Stall-feeding 7, 60, 67, 88, 185, 217, 220-222, 237, 243, Pueraria phaseoloides, 6, 11, 75-76, 82, 192, 209,252, 262-269, 294 254 Stargrass zone 19, 29, 33-34, 37-38, 46-49, 113, 124 Striga spp. 31, 114, 283 Rainfall infiltration 56, 57, 75-76, 78-79, 82, 237, 300 Stylosanthes fruticosa 6, 41, 52, 60, 201, 202, 208-209 Recycling (of nutrients) 66-67, 69-71 , 248-250, 262 Stylosanthes guianensis 6, 7, 11, 58, 60, 82, 98, 100, 123, Rhynchelytrum repens 28, 35-37, 52, 62-63 192, 194-196, 199, 201-202, 205, 208, 210, 215 Rhynchosia spp. 60 Stylosanthes hamata 208-209 Rooting patterns 7, 63, 66-84, 96, 128,249, 277 Stylosanthes humilis 9, 191-192,202,206-208 Rotational grazing 49, 51-53, 56, 59, 140,200 Stylosanthes scabra 208-209 Stylosanthes spp. 208 Salt tolerance 96, 107, 113, 276 Sugarcane 33, 34, 49, 230 Secondary grasses 28-35,40-49,60-64, 102, 115 Sulphur 47,58, 133, 194-195, 203, 211, 242, 251, 282, Seed dormancy 118, 120-121, 153, 157-158,209 291-292,295 Seed establishment 58-59, 90, 100, 107, 122, 128-139, Sunflower 12, 35, 221 155,290 Sward characteristics 93, 98-99,119, 120-121, 148, 176, Seed production 1, 12,48-50,62-63,90, 102, 104, 109, 178-189,232,258-262 111-113,116-121,152-172,179-181,190,196-199, Sweet potato 32, 34, 69, 75-76, 81-82, 298 206-214 Symphytum peregrinum 302 Seed rates 107, 113, 131-132,155,160,278 Sesbania spp. 301 Temperate grasses 9, 17, 30, 87 Setaria sphacelata var. sericea 7, 12,36,44,46-50,59-63, Tephrosia spp. 60 73,90-91,93-95,98-105, 111-115, 120, 123, 129, Termite 56-58, 118, 208-209, 232, 299, 301, 304 132,152-172,173-189 ,193,198,200,205,211-212, Tethering 72, 139, 140, 265 225, 263 Themeda triandra 21, 24, 26-36,40, 50-64, 77-78, 98, Setaria sphacelata var. splendida (syn. S splendida) 32, 113 90-91,94, 113,219,266,270-271 .Tick control 8, 53, 220 Setaria spp. 36, 52, 59, 111, 136-137 Tillering patterns 77, 104, 107, 129, 134, 155, 158-159, Shifting cultivation 1, 7, 65-68 162-166,184, 222-224,226,241-242,260,286 Silica 98, 251, 258, 283, 302 Tobacco 8, 12, 88, 111, 125, 201 Snowdenia po1ystachya 126 Toxicity 41, 44, 47, 196,203,280-282,300 Soil 17-19 Treading 32-33, 42, 53-54, 57, 101, 136, 139, 201, 265 - Acidity 32,43,45, 66, 68, 71, 75, 118, 146, 192-195, Trifolium repens 8,44-46,98, 113, 124, 191-192, 211,249,262-263,299 195-202, 210-215 -Cation exchange capacity 43, 56, 68 Trifolium rueppellianum 210, 212, 252 -Conservation (erosion control) 1, 6-12, 40, 48, 54, Trifolium semipilosum 9, 36,41,45, 192, 198-199,202, 56-57, 68-84, 110, 121, 123, 125, 256 210, 211 - Impeded drainage 18,26, 113, 122,218 Trifolium spp. 210, 212 - Moisture 54, 68, 69, 72, 78, 83, 155 Trifolium subterraneum 191-192, 207, 210, 212 -N (Nitrogen) 4, 68, 69, 73-74, 84, 128, 143, 155, 193, Tripsacum andersonii (syn. T. laxum) 90-91, 94, 252, 215 255,266,270,273 -Organic matter 43, 45, 56, 66-85, 263 Tse-tsefly 27, 48-49, 54, 220 -Regeneration 219 -P (Phosphorus) 243, 249, 262, 263 Undersowing 84, 108, 119, 138-139, 196,204,205 -Structure 7, 18, 45, 69-84, 130, 243, 300 -Temperature 17-18,66,73,78,130,133,141,144 Vegetative propagation 7, 46, 48, 60-61, 63, 100, 102, Sorghum 1, 7, 9, 35, 74, 82, 88-89, 103, 125, 140, 142, 107-108,113,116-117,119,121,123,125,160-161, 151, 218, 274-284 176-177,232,235-237,270-273 - Sorghum x almum 276 Veterinary control 3, 8, 53 -Sorghum bicolor 274-275 Vetiveria zizanoides 126 -Sorghum x drummondii (syn. S. sudanense) 275-276 Vicia benghalensis 299 - Sorghum hybrids 276-277 Vigna spp. 60, 192,201-202, 209, 210 343

Vigna unguiculata 296-297 -Nutrient depletion of soils 5, 82, 84, 143, 147, 221, Vivipary 114 242-252, 262-263 Zonation of grasses 37-38, 63, 87, 102, 234 Weed and bush control 28-29, 32, 34, 4a-48, 54-56, -Zone I (Afro-alpine) 30 60-63,66-70,80--84, 102, 108, 123, 132-137, 148, -Zone II (Humid to subhumid) 30--34,41-50

155-158, 196-197,201-215,237-238,292 -Zone IIK1 (Kikuyugrass zone) 30--33, 42-46 --Chemical 44, 54, 130, 135-137,238,279,292-293 -Zone lIST (Stargrass zone) 33-34, 46-49

Wheat 8,24,29, 32,43,46, 73, 76,80,83,84,88,108,139, -Zone II EL (Elephantgrass zone) 34, 49 147, 212, 286 -Zone II (Coastal areas) 34, 60--61 -Zone III-high (> l000m) 35 Zero-grazing 220--222, 262-269 -Zone II +III-low (Coastal areas) 35 -Economics 263-265 -Zone IV 36 -Fertilizer requirements 248-251 -Zone V and VI 38