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Secretly Connected? Anonymous Semen Donation, Genetics and Meanings of Kinship
SECRETLY CONNECTED? ANONYMOUS SEMEN DONATION, GENETICS AND MEANINGS OF KINSHIP Jennifer M. Speirs Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 2007 Dedicated to the memory of Izzy Speirs a beloved wife, mother and sister, a much loved and respected friend, kinswoman and colleague, and a stotter of a sister-in-law. Stotter, stoater: excellent, admirable, exactly what is required (Scots, esp. Glasgow). Acknowledgments I am overawed by the number of people who have supported, exhorted, pushed, pulled and accompanied me on the journey of producing this thesis. Many of them will never have the occasion to read it, such as library staff across the length and breadth of the UK who facilitated internet access whilst I was doing fieldwork, the staff in the ticket centre of Edinburgh’s Waverley station who helped to plan my travel, and the staff in the David Hume Tower Senses Cafe, particularly Joan who made it her job to ensure that students eat cheaply but well. For perseverance and (almost) unremitting cheerfulness the reward goes to my principal supervisor Professor Janet Carsten and second supervisor Professor Lynn Jamieson. Their encouragement to believe that I could write a PhD thesis, their attention to detail, their kind but astute and prompt feedback, and their sharing of practice wisdom and intellectual knowledge, were crucial to the achievement of the project. I take this opportunity to thank also my thesis examiners, Professor Anthony Good (Edinburgh) and Dr Bob Simpson (Durham) for their careful analysis of my thesis and their interesting and thought-provoking comments and questions during my viva. Over the years I have benefited from help and encouragement from many other social anthropologists and I thank Soraya Tremayne (Oxford) and Monica Konrad (Cambridge) for their invitations to present my work in progress, and Jeanette Edwards who gifted me a copy of ‘Born and Bred’. -
Lisa Jardine and the Hfea
SALT AND LIGHT PAPERS Salt and Light Papers provide important information and analysis to help Christians and Churches to engage with 21st century social issues AA10 NEW CHAIRMAN, NEW DIRECTIONS: LISA JARDINE AND THE HFEA On 1 October, the new Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (HFE Act 2008) came into force. It is the single greatest change to affect the UK fertility and embryo research sectors since the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) was established nearly two decades ago. The HFEA’s first chairman, back in 1990, was Professor Colin Campbell, followed in 1994 by Baroness Ruth Deech and in 2002 by Dame Suzi Leather, plus a couple of short-lived heads. Now, since April 2008, Lisa Jardine is in charge. Professor Lisa Jardine CBE is also the Director of the Centre for Editing Lives and Letters and Centenary Professor of Renaissance Studies at Queen Mary, University of London. So, is she bioethically liberal or conservative? Will her rule be stringent or compliant? Has she already stamped her imprint on this disorderly organisation? Perhaps, not yet, but some of her recent statements are worrying, even alarming. For example, she has recently called for a public debate to decide whether people who donate ova and sperm to infertile couples should be paid more than the current maximum of £250 for ‘reasonable expenses’. The thought of trading in human gametes leaves a nasty taste in one’s mouth. Will there be a standard price, or a premium for gametes from beautiful or intelligent people, or a discount for multiple purchases? Donations of bodily tissues, such as blood and organs, have traditionally been regarded in the UK as willingly-given, altruistic gifts. -
Human Reproductive Technologies and the Law
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee Human Reproductive Technologies and the Law Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume I HC 7-I House of Commons Science and Technology Committee Human Reproductive Technologies and the Law Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume I Report, together with formal minutes Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 14 March 2005 HC 7-I [Incorporating HC 599 i-ix of Session 2003-04] Published on 24 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Science and Technology Committee The Science and Technology Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Office of Science and Technology and its associated public bodies. Current membership Dr Ian Gibson MP (Labour, Norwich North) (Chairman) Paul Farrelly MP (Labour, Newcastle-under-Lyme) Dr Evan Harris MP (Liberal Democrat, Oxford West & Abingdon) Kate Hoey MP (Labour, Vauxhall) Dr Brian Iddon MP (Labour, Bolton South East) Mr Robert Key MP (Conservative, Salisbury) Mr Tony McWalter MP (Labour, Hemel Hempstead) Dr Andrew Murrison MP (Conservative, Westbury) Geraldine Smith MP (Labour, Morecambe and Lunesdale) Bob Spink MP (Conservative, Castle Point) Dr Desmond Turner MP (Labour, Brighton Kemptown) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental Select Committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No.152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. -
The Removal of Donor Anonymity in the Uk: the Silencing of Claims by Would-Be Parents
THE REMOVAL OF DONOR ANONYMITY IN THE UK: THE SILENCING OF CLAIMS BY WOULD-BE PARENTS like TURKMENDAG BRUNSNES, MA. UniVCt2ity of Nc:.tingh2m H :~H'·.J2rcJ, Library .{ ----....'~h_ Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2009 Abstract From 1 April 2005, UK law was changed to allow children born through gamete donation to access identifying details of the donor. The decision to abolish donor anonymity was strongly influenced by a discourse that asserted the 'child's right-to-know' their genetic origins. Under the current regulation, if would-be parents want to receive treatment in the UK, they have no option but to use gametes/embryos from identifiable donors. For a majority, this also means that they will be on lengthy waiting lists due to the donor shortage. Interestingly, the voice of would-be parents - those who would be most affected by a contraction in donor supply and would carry the burden of informing children of their origins, should they so choose- were not heard during the donor anonymity debate or thereafter. Adopting a social constructionist approach, this thesis studies removal of donor anonymity as a social problem and examines why would-be parents remained silent during the public debate. There are two major steps taken: first, examining the donor anonymity debate in the public realm through media presentations, and secondly investigating would-be parents' reactions through ethnographic studies: a virtual ethnography study and interviews. The accounts of a sub-group of would-be parents reveal that having a donor-conceived child constitutes a permanent charge of deviance against the family. -
How to Fix the Funding of Health and Social Care
How to fix the funding of health and social care Nick Davies | Lucy Campbell | Chris McNulty About this report The UK’s health and social care services face long-standing pressures. Successive governments have known about these challenges for years, but failed to adequately deal with them. As a result, there is a growing funding gap. Successfully developing and implementing proposals will be hard. Plausible solutions will inevitably have trade-offs: there will be both winners and losers. Yet, for the settlement to be sustainable, government will need to build public and political support. This report examines how to enable politicians to promote answers for tackling the long-term funding challenge facing health and social care. Via a wealth of case studies supported by analysis and interviews, it identifies different approaches to policy-making on contentious issues, and how these could be applied to health and social care. This project has been funded by the Health Foundation. Supported by www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/our-work/ public-services/health-project June 2018 Contents List of figures 2 Summary 3 1 What are the questions that need answering? 7 2 What are the options open to the Government? 13 3 How should the Government answer the funding questions? 17 Conclusion 25 Annex A: Health case studies 27 Annex B: Social care case studies 43 Annex C: Other case studies 53 References 83 List of figures Figure 1 Percentage of emergency admissions (type 1) admitted, transferred or discharged within four hours, August 2010–April 2018 8 Figure 2 Real-terms percentage change in UK health expenditure, 1954–2015 11 Figure 3 Real-terms percentage change in net social services spending, 1995–2016 11 2 HOW TO FIX THE FUNDING OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Summary As the UK’s population ages, the NHS is doing more than ever before. -
Briefing March 11.P65
No to Eggsploitation: The Case Against Payments for Egg Donation March 2011 Summary This briefing makes the case against HFEA proposals to increase compensation payments for egg donors. We argue that increasing payments above current levels will create financial incentives to donate. This would violate the international consensus against the commercialisation of human tissue, which has always governed blood and tissue donation in Britain. In particular, it is against the spirit of the EU Tissues and Cells Directive. It will create a form of exploitation (‘eggsploitation’), in which poor women and students with large debts will be induced to take significant health risks, and inevitably, some will be harmed, as has happened in Eastern Europe over the last ten years. We show that the risks of egg donation are greater than the HFEA acknowledges, and that there is a lack of adequate monitoring of the most well known risk, Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. The HFEA has argued that increasing compensation would help to overcome the shortage of donors in Britain. However, there are many problems with this argument. Firstly, it is wrong to change ethical rules in order to achieve pragmatic goals, and we question why the supply of eggs should be expected to meet the demand. Secondly, only IVF clinic staff and the HFEA support the idea; there is no call for increased compensation from donors, parents and the public at large, and donor-conceived people are strongly opposed to the idea, because they do not want their ‘donor parent’ to have been motivated by financial gain. Thirdly, there is no evidence that increasing compensation will actually succeed in increasing the number of altruistic donors: evidence from Spain, whose approach the HFEA wants to copy, suggests that most donors there are motivated by financial gain.