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Contribu[Ii La Dezvoltarea Sistemelor Expert %N Domeniul Construc[Iilor UNIVERSITATEA TEHNIC~ DIN CLUJ-NAPOCA FACULTATEA DE CONSTRUC[II {ef lucr@ri ing. Zsongor F. GOBESZ CONTRIBU[II LA DEZVOLTAREA SISTEMELOR EXPERT %N DOMENIUL CONSTRUC[IILOR - TEZ~ DE DOCTORAT - Conduc@tor }tiin]ific: Prof.dr.ing. Alexandru C~T~RIG CLUJ-NAPOCA 1999 MUL[UMIRI %ntruc$t aceast@ lucrare ^ncearc@ s@ reflecte preocup@rile mele din ultimii ani, dedica]i ^ntr-o mare m@sur@ cercet@rilor legate de aplicarea sistemelor pe baz@ de cuno}tin]e ^n domeniul construc]iilor din ]ara noastr@, ea nu se putea realiza f@r@ sprijinul }i ajutorul unor persoane, c@rora ]in s@-mi exprim recuno}tin]a }i pe aceast@ cale. %n primul r$nd ]in s@ mul]umesc domnului prof. Alexandru C@t@rig, conduc@torului }tiin]ific, pentru ajutorul s@u, spiritul s@u critic, sugestiile valoroase pe care mi le-a f@cut }i nu ^n ultimul r$nd pentru r@bdarea de care a dat dovad@, ^n special ^n ultimii doi ani. Doresc s@ mul]umesc domnilor prof. Marian Ivan (U.P. din Timi}oara), prof. Ioan Ciongradi (U.T. din Ia}i) }i prof. Ludovic Kopenetz (U.T. din Cluj-Napoca) pentru c@ au acceptat sarcina de a fi referen]i. %n plus, doresc s@ mul]umesc domnului prof. Ciongradi }i pentru instrumentele demonstrative }i generatoarele de sisteme expert primite de la Ia}i, iar domnului prof. Kopenetz pentru documenta]iile }i ^nsemn@rile pe care mi le-a pus la dispozi]ie. [in s@ mul]umesc ^n mod deosebit tat@lui meu, at$t pentru cuno}tin]ele ^mp@rt@}ite de-a lungul anilor c$t }i pentru ajutorul moral }i material primite pentru a finaliza }i a multiplica aceast@ lucrare. De asemenea doresc s@ mul]umesc urm@toarelor persoane: Domnilor prof. Alexa Pavel, prof. Ioan Olariu, prof. Mircea Petrina, }ef lucr@ri ing. Cristina C$mpean (U.T. din Cluj-Napoca) }i prof. Petru Petrina (Cornell University, SUA), pentru materialele documentare valoroase primite (sub form@ de c@r]i, articole, xerocopii etc), f@r@ de care cercet@rile mele }i preg@tirea mea ar fi fost mai s@race. Domnului }ef luc.ing. Dan Turda (U.T. din Cluj-Napoca), pentru contribu]ia deosebit@ ^n conceperea }i dezvoltarea sistemului AIC Info }i a realiz@rilor conexe prezentate ^n aceast@ lucrare, pentru talentul s@u comercial datorit@ c@ruia dezvoltarea sistemului a putut fi finan]at, pentru discu]iile constructive }i pentru ajutorul nepre]uit acordat ^n cercet@rile realizate }i ^n planul preg@tirii informatice. Domnului ing. Florin Stanciu, de la Ingenieurbüro Deichmann Stanciu & Partner (Immenhausen, Germania) pentru sprijinul moral }i material deosebit }i pentru echipamentele informatice primite. Domnilor Ioan Homorodean, George Com}ulea }i Augustin Man de la Centrul de Informatic@ Aplicat@ pentru ajutorul oferit la implementarea }i perfec]ionarea sistemului AIC Info. Domnului ing. Traian Onofrei de la LogicTelecom S.A., filiala Cluj, pentru sprijinul sus]inut }i pentru suportul de comunica]ii oferit sistemului AIC Info. Domnului mat. Constantin Vasile }i colectivului condus de d$nsul, de la Centrul de Informatic@ Aplicat@ (fostul C.T.C.E.) din Cluj-Napoca, pentru ^ndrumare }i pentru discu]iile avute ^n faza ini]ial@ a acestei cercet@ri. Domnului dr.ing. Tiberiu Cocheci de la firma Consort Construc]ii S.R.L. din Cluj-Napoca, pentru }ansa oferit@ de a lucra ^n cadrul unui atelier de proiectare dotat deosebit, beneficiind de colaborarea unei echipe de speciali}ti forma]i ^n cadrul acestei firme. Dintre membrii acestei echipe, care au contribuit la dezvoltarea instrumentelor de proiectare prezentate ^n lucrare, doresc s@ mul]umesc ^n special domnului ing. Téglás Attila. Mul]umesc de asemenea tuturor prietenilor care, direct sau indirect m-au ajutat pe parcursul acestor ani, }i nu ^n ultimul r$nd, sponsorilor care au f@cut posibil@ multiplicarea }i prezentarea acestei lucr@ri: • 3M S.R.L. prin bun@voin]a domnilor ing. Marius Lati} }i ing. Mircea Vod@, • TRANSILVANIA S.A. prin bun@voin]a domnului prof.ing. Ioan Moga, • MEDMA S.R.L. prin bun@voin]a domnilor ing. Bogdan Mert }i ing. Vlad Anastasiu, • EXAROM Consulting S.R.L. din Cluj-Napoca, • CONSORT Construc]ii S.R.L. din Cluj-Napoca. %n final, mul]unirile mele sunt adresate so]iei }i familiei mele, care m-au sus]inut moral pe ^ntreaga perioad@, dorin]a lor de a vedea lucrarea finalizat@ m-a impulsionat ^n perioadele c$nd lipsa resurselor materiale sau lipsa timpului f@ceau ca finalizarea ei s@ par@ aproape imposibil@. CURRICULUM VITÆ DATE PERSONALE: Numele: GOBESZ Prenumele: FERDINAND-ZSONGOR Cet@]enia: rom$n@ Data }i locul na}terii: 8 August 1964, Cluj-Napoca Domiciliul stabil: str.E.Racovi]@, nr.16, ap.9, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, tel. 064-135179 Starea civil@: c@s@torit (so]ia: ANA GOBESZ, ing.), 1 copil (TAMÁS, 11 ani); Limbi cunoscute: maghiar@ (l.matern@), rom$n@, englez@, german@, francez@. STUDII, PREG~TIRE PROFESIONAL~: 1978–1982: Liceul de Matematic@-Fizic@ nr.3 din Cluj-Napoca; Bacalaureat ^n 1982; 1982–1983: Stagiul militar cu termen redus; 1983–1988: Institutul Politehnic din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Construc]ii, sec]ia C.C.I.A. ingineri zi (5 ani); Examen de diplom@ ^n 1988; 1989–1990: Cursul de formare F1A: ”Analiza }i proiectarea sistemelor }i produselor informatice de gestiune FELIX-MINI” (CEPECA-MEI-CTCE Cluj-Napoca); Examen de diplom@ ^n 1990; 1990–1999: Doctorand la Universitatea Tehnic@ din Cluj-Napoca. LOCURI DE MUNC~: 1988–1989: Antrepriza de Construc]ii Industriale Oradea, inginer constructor stagiar, }ef punct de lucru ^n cadrul Brig@zii 1 pe }antierele: C.E.T.II Oradea (construc]ii industriale), U.H.E. Fughiu }i U.H.E. S@c@dat (lucr@ri }i construc]ii hidrotehnice); 1989–1991: Trustul Antrepriz@-General@ de Construc]ii Industriale din Oradea, Oficiul de Calcul, analist–programator; 1991– …: Universitatea Tehnic@ din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de construc]ii, Catedra de mecanica construc]iilor, din 02.1991 preparator, din 10.1991 asistent, iar din 1995 }ef de lucr@ri (static@, programare, utilizarea calculatoarelor, P.A.C.); 1992–1994: colaborator la ANSON S.R.L. (DTP, grafic@ pe calculator etc); 1993–1994: deta}at la S.C. Construc]ii COMECO S.R.L., inginer constructor ^n R.F.German@; 1995–1997: colaborator la CONSORT Construc]ii S.R.L. (P.A.C., dezvoltare software, prezent@ri multimedia etc); 1997- …: colaborator la EXAROM Consulting S.R.L. (P.A.C., dezvoltare software, prezent@ri multimedia, etc). ARTICOLE {I LUCR~RI PUBLICATE: - 6 manuale de utilizare; - 7 rapoarte tehnice; - 12 lucr@ri }tiin]ifice (din care 2 ^n str@in@tate); - 3 referate de doctorat. Cluj-Napoca, 01.12.1999 CUPRINS CAP.1 INTRODUCERE 1 CAP.2 CONCEPTELE DE SISTEM EXPERT {I BAZ~ DE CUNO{TIN[E 2.1 CERCETAREA INTELIGEN[EI ARTIFICIALE 7 2.2 SCURT ISTORIC AL INTELIGEN[EI ARTIFICIALE {I TEHNICII DE CALCUL 8 2.3 PRIVIRE GENERAL~ ASUPRA SISTEMELOR EXPERT 2.3.1 Roluri ^n cadrul sistemelor expert 14 2.3.2 Ce este baza de cuno}tin]e? 15 2.3.3 Ma}ina de inferen]@ 17 2.3.4 Utilitatea sistemelor expert 18 2.3.5 Limit@rile sistemelor expert 19 2.4 PRIVIRE GENERAL~ ASUPRA BAZELOR DE CUNO{TIN[E 2.4.1 Reprezentarea cuno}tin]elor 21 2.4.2 Reprezentarea regulilor 24 2.4.3 Cuno}tin]ele incerte }i aproximative 26 2.4.4 Limbajele de programare }i reprezentarea cuno}tin]elor 27 2.5 C#TEVA ASPECTE LEGATE DE GENERAREA SISTEMELOR EXPERT 2.5.1 Mecanisme de inferen]@ 29 2.5.2 Medii }i generatoare pentru sisteme expert 33 2.5.3 Motorul de elaborare }i ^nv@]area 36 CAP.3 SISTEMELE EXPERT %N CONSTRUC[II 3.1 STRUCTURA {I DIREC[IILE DE DEZVOLTARE ALE SISTEMELOR EXPERT 39 3.2 SISTEME EXPERT, MEDII DE DEZVOLTARE PE MICROCALCULATOARE 42 3.3 SISTEMELE EXPERT %N DOMENIUL CONSTRUC[IILOR 3.3.1 Introducere 50 3.3.2 Sisteme pentru resurse umane }i perspective profesionale 51 3.3.3 Reprezentarea cuno}tin]elor }i a ra]ionamentelor ^n construc]ii 53 3.3.4 Sisteme pentru planificare }i organizare ^n construc]ii 55 3.3.5 Sisteme pentru management ^n construc]ii 60 3.3.6 Sisteme pentru proiectarea construc]iilor 69 3.3.7 Sisteme pentru analiza structural@ 70 3.3.8 Sisteme destinate proiect@rii structurale 77 3.3.9 Sisteme ^n domeniul ingineriei seismice 84 3.3.10 Sisteme pentru ingineria geotehnic@ 88 3.3.11 Sisteme pentru tehnologia lucr@rilor }i robotic@ ^n construc]ii 90 3.3.12 Educa]ia ^n construc]ii }i sistemele expert 90 CAP.4 SISTEME PROPRII DEDICATE CONSTRUC[IILOR 4.1 PROTOTIPURI {I APLICA[II 4.1.1 Sistemul expert BPC 95 4.1.2 Instrumente pentru proiectare asistat@ de calculator 99 4.2 DEZVOLTAREA UNUI SISTEM BAZAT PE CUNO{TIN[E, DEDICAT CONSTRUC[IILOR 4.2.1 Conceperea }i realizarea sistemului AIC Info, structurarea cuno}tin]elor 104 4.2.2 Componentele dezvoltate }i func]iunile realizate 111 4.2.3. Aplica]ii decizionale implementate prin AIC Info 118 4.2.4 Realiz@ri conexe (prin revalorificarea par]ial@ a model@rii implementate) 120 CAP.5 CONCLUZII 5.1 DOCUMENTAREA {I SINTEZA REALIZAT~, SISTEMUL EXPERT BPC 125 5.2 CONTRIBU[II LA PERFEC[IONAREA PROIECT~RII, INSTRUMENTE "INTELIGENTE" 126 5.3 BAZA DE CUNO{TIN[E AIC INFO {I REALIZ~RI CONEXE 127 BIBLIOGRAFIE 133 ANEXE ANEXA 1 SISTEMUL EXPERT BPC A. Sistemul expert BPC generat sub Expert System Toolkit 141 B. Sistemul expert BPC scris ^n Fortran/2 IBM 160 ANEXA 2 INSTRUMENTE CONCEPUTE %N CADRUL FIRMEI CONSORT CONSTRUC[II S.R.L.
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