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Is Emotion Flattened in Patients, and How Does It Affect Cognition? Celine Duval

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Is Emotion Flattened in Patients, and How Does It Affect Cognition? Celine Duval Pain perception in schizophrenia, and relationships between emotion and visual organization : is emotion flattened in patients, and how does it affect cognition? Celine Duval To cite this version: Celine Duval. Pain perception in schizophrenia, and relationships between emotion and visual orga- nization : is emotion flattened in patients, and how does it affect cognition?. Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]. Université de Strasbourg, 2014. English. NNT : 2014STRAJ052. tel-01233852 HAL Id: tel-01233852 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01233852 Submitted on 25 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE STRASBOURG Ecole doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Unité INSERM 1114 « Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie » Thèse présentée par Céline Duval pourDiscipline/Spécialité obtenir le grade de :Docteur Sciences de du l’Université vivant/Neuroscience de Strasbourg Soutenue le 2 juillet 2014 Pain perception in schizophrenia, and relationships between emotion and visual organization: is emotion flattened in patients, and how does it affect cognition? Membres du Jury Dr Anne GIERSCH (Directeur de Thèse), Université de Strasbourg, France Dr Muriel BOUCART (Rapporteur externe), Université Lille-Nord de France Pr Philippe COURTET (Rapporteur externe), Université Montpellier 1, France Pr André DUFOUR (Examinateur interne), Université de Strasbourg, France Remerciements merci aux jury Prs. Philippe Courtet et Muriel Boucart daoi aept dte appoteu de a thse. Prs. Serge Marchand, et André Dufour de faire également partie du jury. Votre participation à mon jury de thèse est pour moi un honneur. et à tous eu ui ’ot aopagé su e hei Anne Giersch, ous aez ee jusuà la fi de e taail due aie ts appiale. Gâe à ous, jai pu doui la opleit de deu sstes peeptifs, ue sot la douleu et la isio. Je suis honorée daoi pu taaille à os ôts, je suis aussi osiete de la hance que ous aez offete e e poposat e pojet. Vote ethousiase pou tout e ue ous entreprenez est inspirant. L’éuipe du CIC, De nous avoir très gentiment accueillie aisi ue daoi is à ote dispositio votre expertise et tout le matériel essaie. Ce tait pas toujous siple au ieau logistiue de ote ôt, ais gâe à ote patiee et ote ophesio, tout sest pafaiteet déroulé. Participants pour votre courage et votre patience pendant les longues passations Patrick Gries pour tes nombreuses aides informatiques, sans toi ça aurait été beaucoup plus difficile! Jevita Potheegadoo, pou tous tes oseils, to oute, et to aiti, tu as failit le hei Elcin Akdogan, pour ton amitié et pour nos longues coesatios ui ot fait eauoup de ie Anne Bonnefond et Rémy Capa pou le patage de os oaissaes de lEEG Nadège Doignon-Camus pour tes conseils toujours pertinents, lors de mes prises de décision L’éuipe IN“ERM Jean-Marie Danion dieteu de luit , ei de aoi aueilli au sei du lao Mélissa Allé, Elisabeth Bacon, Fabrice Berna, Anne-Clémence Chaillou, Alexandra Ernst, Eglantine Ferrand-Devouge, Angela Heinrich, Christine Keller, Estelle Koning, Laurence Lalanne, Isabelle Offerlin-Meyer, Patrick Poncelet, Daniel Roquet, Bérengère Staub, Sébastien Weibel, Anna Zinetti Pour une ambiance agréable au labo et surtout à table, pour vos mots et les nombreux arrêts devant mon bureau pour des petits échanges sympathiques. Bichthuy Pham, Marion Roger, Julie Bruckman, pour votre aide dans la réalisation des expériences Pierre pour ta patience (tu connaissais toutes mes présentations par œu), pour le confort que tu as appot les deies ois de thse, la pise e hage de toutes les tâches ménagère y opis la uisie gae, et to soutie sas faille. Je sais ue tait du pou toi aussi! Louise et Maud mes premières copines françaises, vous avez su me faire apprécier la France. Merci aussi pour la bonne ambiance dans la colocation. Et merci à Louise pour tes cours et ton aide lors de ma première année de licence. Vous avez toujours été patiente alors que je ne parlais pas ie façais, jai eauoup pogess gâe à ous. Eoe ei. 27 rue de Provence: Audrey, Eve-Anne, Fred, Lauriel, Louise, Lucia, Nathalie, Steph, Thomas Scarlett, Slobodan, Jojo, Léon, Raspoutine, Capucine, Lila, Guizmo et Poutou pour les merveilleuses années passées sous le même toit. Je garderai ces bons souvenirs à ie. Mei de aoi soutenue, pafois sipleet e outat das les moments difficiles, mais aussi en venant passer mes expériences. Vielen Dank für Eure Unterstützung: Mama, Papa, Yann, Julian und Lucie-Marie. Es war nicht immer leicht diese Arbeit so weit weg von Euch zu schreiben. Zum Glück konnte ich dank Telefon und Whatsapp immer auf Euch zählen. Danke, dass ihr mir dadurch aus der Ferne immer Beistand, Motivation und Aufheiterung geleistet habt! Anna und Fredi, danke für die witzige Gruppe, die mir immer Freude bereitet hat! Thomas, Julian und Pierre für die Mühe, Sorgfalt und Geduld, mit der ihr meine Arbeit korrigiert habt! Vielen Dank. Ohne Euch hätte ich es nicht geschafft. Résumé de thèse Résumé de thèse La perception de la douleur dans la schizophrénie et la relation entre l'émotion et l'organisation visuelle de l'environnement: est-ce que les émotions sont perturbées chez les patients, et comment cela affecte-t-il la cognition? La schizophrénie est une pathologie psychiatrique handicapante, qui touche 1% de la population. Elle est caractérisée par la présence de symptômes cliniques positifs et négatifs, aisi ue due dsogaisatio de la pese et de latio. Ces symptômes sont accompagnés de troubles neurobiologiques et cognitifs, lesquels traduisent souvent la désorganisation de la pensée. Ils sont observés jusque dans le domaine de la perception visuelle, avec des difficultés à regrouper les informations en un tout cohérent. En outre, une insensibilité à la douleur et aux émotions a été décrite chez les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie. Cependant, ces derniers troubles ont été peu étudiés, et limpact des émotions sur le fonctionnement cognitif est mal caractis. Das ette thse, due pat ous aos eplo la sesiilit à la douleu hez les patiets shizophes, et daute pat ous aos delopp u paadige desti à eploe lipat difoatios hages otioelleet su les poessus dorganisation en vision. Les émotions jouent un rôle adaptatif dans certaines situations. Notamment en cas de danger, la perception des stimuli environnants doit se faire de manière efficace et le plus apideet possile pou peette lidetifiatio du danger et pour y faire face. Cette pose adaptatie et e jeu diffetes fotios, oe lattetio ou la peeptio de la douleur, par exemple. De nombreuses études ont montré que les émotions positives ou négatives affectent la perception et le comportement. Les émotions positives inciteraient à eploe leioeet, tadis ue leffet seait iese oeat les otios gaties. Aujoudhui, lhoe est plus epos au dages de la atue oe il ltait il y a des dizaines de milliers daes, ais les otios piities ot pesist, et dautes 7 Résumé de thèse émotions plus liées aux interactions sociales deviennent de plus en plus importantes. Ces deies ot galeet u ôle adaptatif. Citos pa eeple lepathie, soit la apait de reconnaissae des otios hez autui, ou eoe leaas, ui peut suei tel u alaise los du «fau-pas social», et qui peut nous aider à corriger notre comportement. Etant donné le rôle des émotions dans notre vie quotidienne, il est important détudier comment les troubles émotionnels provoqués par certaines maladies affectent les apaits dadaptatio. Das la shizophie patiulieet, o etoue des sptôes gatifs oe laffet ouss ui se taduit pa u dfaut depessio otionnelle chez les patients. Pou tete de opede liteatio ete otio et peeptio, ous aos exploré deux voies distinctes. Dans un premier paradigme, nous avons investigué leffet de lotio su les aises dogaisatio e peeption visuelle. Cette partie de la thèse a nécessité de nombreuses expériences (16). La nouveauté du paradigme nécessite une argumentation solide et plusieurs contrôles, et nous avons choisi de réunir les expériences les plus importantes en un seul manuscrit, plutôt que de les présenter de façon séparée. Nous décrirons également dans la thèse les premiers résultats obtenus quand ce paradigme a été appliqué chez les patients. En parallèle, nous avons étudié la perception de la douleur chez les patients schizophrènes en considérant les différents mécanismes impliqués, dont lotio et les fotios ogities attetio, atiipatio. Cette tude a euis u teps relativement long, avec des recrutements sur plusieurs sites, et un protocole lourd (EEG, stimulatios douloueuses, pises de sag. Là eoe e taail est ui au sei du manuscrit unique. 8 Résumé de thèse Etudes 1 La perception visuelle est un processus complexe nous permettant de percevoir notre eioeet de aie ohete, et e apideet. O liformation visuelle est initialement décomposée au niveau du cortex visuel primaire en informations primitives (orientation, couleur, fréquences spatiales) et traitée par des neurones qui ont un très petit champ récepteur. Cette information doit donc être regroupée pour reconstituer, identifier, et organiser les objets de notre environnement. Ce processus de reconstruction de leioeet oped diffetes tapes, et patiulieet les poessus de groupement. Différents principes ont été mis en évidence : par exemple des stimuli qui ont la même forme ou la même couleur sont groupés automatiquement (fig. 1). Figure 1. Exemple de groupement par couleur Ces poessus dogaisatio isuelle guidet leploatio de leioeet. E effet on explore plus facilement des informations qui appartiennent à un même objet (ou un goupe dojets ue des ifoatios ui sot loalises das des ojets ou des goupes dojets diffets.
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