Is Emotion Flattened in Patients, and How Does It Affect Cognition? Celine Duval
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Improving Emotion Perception and Emotion Regulation Through a Web-Based Emotional Intelligence Training (WEIT) Program for Future Leaders
Volume 11, Number 2, November 2019 pp 17 - 32 www.um.edu.mt/ijee Improving Emotion Perception and Emotion Regulation Through a Web-Based Emotional Intelligence Training (WEIT) Program for Future Leaders 1 Christina Köppe, Marco Jürgen Held and Astrid Schütz University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany We evaluated a Web-Based Emotional Intelligence Training (WEIT) program that was based on the four-branch model of emotional intelligence (EI) and which aimed at improving emotion perception (EP) and emotion regulation (ER) in future leaders. Using a controlled experimental design, we evaluated the short-term (directly after the WEIT program) and long-term (6 weeks later) effects in a sample of 134 (59 training group [TG], 75 wait list control group [CG]) business students, and additionally tested whether WEIT helped to reduce perceived stress. For EP, WEIT led to a significant increase in the TG directly after training (whereas the wait list CG showed no change). Changes remained stable after 6 weeks in the TG, but there were no significant differences between the TG and CG at follow-up. By contrast, ER did not show an increase directly after WEIT, but 6 weeks later, the TG had larger improvements than the CG. The results mostly confirmed that emotional abilities can be increased through web-based training. Participants’ perceived stress did not decrease after the training program. Further refinement and validation of WEIT is needed. Keywords: emotional intelligence, web-based training, stress, future leaders First submission 15th May 2019; Accepted for publication 4th September 2019. Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted considerable attention in recent years (see Côté, 2014). -
The Effects of Cognition on Pain Perception (Prepared for Anonymous Review.)
I think it’s going to hurt: the effects of cognition on pain perception (Prepared for anonymous review.) Abstract. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether, or to what extent, cognitive states (such as beliefs or intentions) influence pain perception. We begin with an examination of the notion of cognitive penetration, followed by a detailed description of the neurophysiological underpinnings of pain perception. We then argue that some studies on placebo effects suggest that there are cases in which our beliefs can penetrate our experience of pain. Keywords: pain, music therapy, gate-control theory, cognitive penetration, top-down modularity, perceptual learning, placebo effect 1. Introduction Consider the experience of eating wasabi. When you put wasabi on your food because you believe that spicy foods are tasty, the stimulation of pain receptors in your mouth can result in a pleasant experience. In this case, your belief seems to influence your perceptual experience. However, when you put wasabi on your food because you incorrectly believe that the green paste is mint, the stimulation of pain receptors in your mouth can result in a painful experience rather than a pleasant one. In this case, your belief that the green paste is mint does not seem to influence your perceptual experience. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether, or to what extent, cognitive states (such as beliefs) influence pain perception. We begin with an examination of the notion of cognitive penetration and its theoretical implications using studies in visual perception. We then turn our attention to the perception of pain by considering its neurophysiological underpinnings. -
Emotion Perception in Habitual Players of Action Video Games Swann Pichon, Benoit Bediou, Lia Antico, Rachael Jack, Oliver Garrod, Chris Sims, C
Emotion Emotion Perception in Habitual Players of Action Video Games Swann Pichon, Benoit Bediou, Lia Antico, Rachael Jack, Oliver Garrod, Chris Sims, C. Shawn Green, Philippe Schyns, and Daphne Bavelier Online First Publication, July 6, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000740 CITATION Pichon, S., Bediou, B., Antico, L., Jack, R., Garrod, O., Sims, C., Green, C. S., Schyns, P., & Bavelier, D. (2020, July 6). Emotion Perception in Habitual Players of Action Video Games. Emotion. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000740 Emotion © 2020 American Psychological Association 2020, Vol. 2, No. 999, 000 ISSN: 1528-3542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000740 Emotion Perception in Habitual Players of Action Video Games Swann Pichon, Benoit Bediou, and Lia Antico Rachael Jack and Oliver Garrod University of Geneva, Campus Biotech Glasgow University Chris Sims C. Shawn Green Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute University of Wisconsin–Madison Philippe Schyns Daphne Bavelier Glasgow University University of Geneva, Campus Biotech Action video game players (AVGPs) display superior performance in various aspects of cognition, especially in perception and top-down attention. The existing literature has examined these performance almost exclusively with stimuli and tasks devoid of any emotional content. Thus, whether the superior performance documented in the cognitive domain extend to the emotional domain remains unknown. We present 2 cross-sectional studies contrasting AVGPs and nonvideo game players (NVGPs) in their ability to perceive facial emotions. Under an enhanced perception account, AVGPs should outperform NVGPs when processing facial emotion. Yet, alternative accounts exist. For instance, under some social accounts, exposure to action video games, which often contain violence, may lower sensitivity for empathy-related expressions such as sadness, happiness, and pain while increasing sensitivity to aggression signals. -
Visual Perception in Migraine: a Narrative Review
vision Review Visual Perception in Migraine: A Narrative Review Nouchine Hadjikhani 1,2,* and Maurice Vincent 3 1 Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA 2 Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41119 Gothenburg, Sweden 3 Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-617-724-5625 Abstract: Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects visual processing during and between attacks. Most visual disturbances associated with migraine can be explained by increased neural hyperexcitability, as suggested by clinical, physiological and neuroimaging evidence. Here, we review how simple (e.g., patterns, color) visual functions can be affected in patients with migraine, describe the different complex manifestations of the so-called Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, and discuss how visual stimuli can trigger migraine attacks. We also reinforce the importance of a thorough, proactive examination of visual function in people with migraine. Keywords: migraine aura; vision; Alice in Wonderland Syndrome 1. Introduction Vision consumes a substantial portion of brain processing in humans. Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects vision more than any other cerebral function, both during and between attacks. Visual experiences in patients with migraine vary vastly in nature, extent and intensity, suggesting that migraine affects the central nervous system (CNS) anatomically and functionally in many different ways, thereby disrupting Citation: Hadjikhani, N.; Vincent, M. several components of visual processing. Migraine visual symptoms are simple (positive or Visual Perception in Migraine: A Narrative Review. Vision 2021, 5, 20. negative), or complex, which involve larger and more elaborate vision disturbances, such https://doi.org/10.3390/vision5020020 as the perception of fortification spectra and other illusions [1]. -
Visual Perceptual Skills
Super Duper® Handy Handouts!® Number 168 Guidelines for Identifying Visual Perceptual Problems in School-Age Children by Ann Stensaas, M.S., OTR/L We use our sense of sight to help us function in the world around us. It helps us figure out if something is near or far away, safe or threatening. Eyesight, also know as visual perception, refers to our ability to accurately identify and locate objects in our environment. Visual perception is an important component of vision that contributes to the way we see and interpret the world. What Is Visual Perception? Visual perception is our ability to process and organize visual information from the environment. This requires the integration of all of the body’s sensory experiences including sight, sound, touch, smell, balance, and movement. Most children are able to integrate these senses by the time they start school. This is important because approximately 75% of all classroom learning is visual. A child with even mild visual-perceptual difficulties will struggle with learning in the classroom and often in other areas of life. How Are Visual Perceptual Problems Diagnosed? A child with visual perceptual problems may be diagnosed with a visual processing disorder. He/she may be able to easily read an eye chart (acuity) but have difficulty organizing and making sense of visual information. In fact, many children with visual processing disorders have good acuity (i.e., 20/20 vision). A child with a visual-processing disorder may demonstrate difficulty discriminating between certain letters or numbers, putting together age-appropriate puzzles, or finding matching socks in a drawer. -
AN OT's Toolbox : Making the Most out of Visual Processing and Motor Processing Skills
AN OT’s Toolbox : Making the Most out of Visual Processing and Motor Processing Skills Presented by Beth Kelley, OTR/L, MIMC FOTA 2012 By Definition Visual Processing Motor Processing is is the sequence of steps synonymous with Motor that information takes as Skills Disorder which is it flows from visual any disorder characterized sensors to cognitive by inadequate development processing.1 of motor coordination severe enough to restrict locomotion or the ability to perform tasks, schoolwork, or other activities.2 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_ processing 2. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Motor+skills+disorder Visual Processing What is Visual Processing? What are systems involved with Visual Processing? Is Visual Processing the same thing as vision? Review general anatomy of the eye. Review general functions of the eye. -Visual perception and the OT’s role. -Visual-Motor skills and why they are needed in OT treatment. What is Visual Processing “Visual processing is the sequence of steps that information takes as it flows from visual sensors to cognitive processing1” 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Processing What are the systems involved with Visual Processing? 12 Basic Processes are as follows: 1. Vision 2. Visual Motor Processing 3. Visual Discrimination 4. Visual Memory 5. Visual Sequential Memory 6. Visual Spatial Processing 7. Visual Figure Ground 8. Visual Form Constancy 9. Visual Closure 10. Binocularity 11.Visual Accommodation 12.Visual Saccades 12 Basic Processes are: 1. Vision The faculty or state of being able to see. The act or power of sensing with the eyes; sight. The Anatomy of Vision 6 stages in Development of the Vision system Birth to 4 months 4-6 months 6-8 months 8-12 months 1-2 years 2-3 years At birth babies can see patterns of light and dark. -
1 Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De La Torre Abstract Facial Expression
Please do not quote. In press, Handbook of affective computing. New York, NY: Oxford Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De la Torre Abstract Facial expression communicates emotion, intention, and physical state, and regulates interpersonal behavior. Automated Face Analysis (AFA) for detection, synthesis, and understanding of facial expression is a vital focus of basic research. While open research questions remain, the field has become sufficiently mature to support initial applications in a variety of areas. We review 1) human-observer based approaches to measurement that inform AFA; 2) advances in face detection and tracking, feature extraction, registration, and supervised learning; and 3) applications in action unit and intensity detection, physical pain, psychological distress and depression, detection of deception, interpersonal coordination, expression transfer, and other applications. We consider user-in-the-loop as well as fully automated systems and discuss open questions in basic and applied research. Keywords Automated Face Analysis and Synthesis, Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Continuous Measurement, Emotion, Nonverbal Communication, Synchrony 1. Introduction The face conveys information about a person’s age, sex, background, and identity, what they are feeling, or thinking (Darwin, 1872/1998; Ekman & Rosenberg, 2005). Facial expression regulates face-to-face interactions, indicates reciprocity and interpersonal attraction or repulsion, and enables inter-subjectivity between members of different cultures (Bråten, 2006; Fridlund, 1994; Tronick, 1989). Facial expression reveals comparative evolution, social and emotional development, neurological and psychiatric functioning, and personality processes (Burrows & Cohn, In press; Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, & Stenberg, 1983; Girard, Cohn, Mahoor, Mavadati, & Rosenwald, 2013; Schmidt & Cohn, 2001). Not surprisingly, the face has been of keen interest to behavioral scientists. -
A Review of Alexithymia and Emotion Perception in Music, Odor, Taste, and Touch
MINI REVIEW published: 30 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707599 Beyond Face and Voice: A Review of Alexithymia and Emotion Perception in Music, Odor, Taste, and Touch Thomas Suslow* and Anette Kersting Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany Alexithymia is a clinically relevant personality trait characterized by deficits in recognizing and verbalizing one’s emotions. It has been shown that alexithymia is related to an impaired perception of external emotional stimuli, but previous research focused on emotion perception from faces and voices. Since sensory modalities represent rather distinct input channels it is important to know whether alexithymia also affects emotion perception in other modalities and expressive domains. The objective of our review was to summarize and systematically assess the literature on the impact of alexithymia on the perception of emotional (or hedonic) stimuli in music, odor, taste, and touch. Eleven relevant studies were identified. On the basis of the reviewed research, it can be preliminary concluded that alexithymia might be associated with deficits Edited by: in the perception of primarily negative but also positive emotions in music and a Mathias Weymar, University of Potsdam, Germany reduced perception of aversive taste. The data available on olfaction and touch are Reviewed by: inconsistent or ambiguous and do not allow to draw conclusions. Future investigations Khatereh Borhani, would benefit from a multimethod assessment of alexithymia and control of negative Shahid Beheshti University, Iran Kristen Paula Morie, affect. Multimodal research seems necessary to advance our understanding of emotion Yale University, United States perception deficits in alexithymia and clarify the contribution of modality-specific and Jan Terock, supramodal processing impairments. -
Olfaction Modulates Ambiguous Visual Motion Perception
OPEN Smelling directions: Olfaction modulates SUBJECT AREAS: ambiguous visual motion perception HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Shenbing Kuang & Tao Zhang PERCEPTION MOTION State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. OLFACTORY CORTEX Senses of smells are often accompanied by simultaneous visual sensations. Previous studies have Received documented enhanced olfactory performance with concurrent presence of congruent color- or shape- 27 February 2014 related visual cues, and facilitated visual object perception when congruent smells are simultaneously present. These visual object-olfaction interactions suggest the existences of couplings between the olfactory Accepted pathway and the visual ventral processing stream. However, it is not known if olfaction can modulate visual 3 July 2014 motion perception, a function that is related to the visual dorsal stream. We tested this possibility by examining the influence of olfactory cues on the perceptions of ambiguous visual motion signals. We Published showed that, after introducing an association between motion directions and olfactory cues, olfaction could 23 July 2014 indeed bias ambiguous visual motion perceptions. Our result that olfaction modulates visual motion processing adds to the current knowledge of cross-modal interactions and implies a possible functional linkage between the olfactory system and the visual dorsal pathway. Correspondence and requests for materials n our daily life, we are constantly exposed to multiple sensory inputs from different sensory modalities of should be addressed to varying reliability. Yet we could effortless integrate these parallel sensory signals and maintain a unified T.Z. (taozhang@psych. I perception that allows us to interact with the external world. -
Visual Perceptual Skills Required for Handwriting
VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS REQUIRED FOR HANDWRITING Handwriting is a complex skill. Handwriting involves the ability to form letters with consistent letter size, proportions and spacing, so that others can read words and sentences. Producing legible handwriting requires complex visual perceptual skills as well as an integration of motor skills with these visual perceptual skills. A deficiency in visual-motor integration may be evident when observing poor quality handwriting (Volman, van Schendel, & Jongmans, 2006). Visual perception is the process where the brain extracts and organises information, giving meaning to what we see. Visual-motor integration is the degree to which visual perception and finger-hand movements are well coordinated (Beery & Beery, 2010). There are many components of visual processing which work together to assign meaning to what we see and include eye-hand coordination, figure ground, visual discrimination, form constancy, visual memory and visual- sequential memory. Eye –hand coordination is the ability to coordinate eye movement with hand movements and includes the ability to process visual information to guide hand function. When children are learning to control a pencil for handwriting, they will rely on visual information as they look at their hand and what the pencil is producing as they write. The ability to copy a vertical line, circle, horizontal line, right oblique line, square, left oblique line and an oblique cross have been recognised by therapists as an indication of a child’s readiness to integrate visual-motor skills to begin handwriting instruction. Beery & Beery (2010) recommend that formal pencil-paper instruction is postponed until a child can easily execute an oblique cross as it requires crossing the midline, which is the source of many reversal problems. -
VISUAL PERCEPTION an Information-Based Approach to Understanding Biological and Artificial Vision
VISUAL PERCEPTION An Information-based Approach to Understanding Biological and Artificial Vision by Noel A. Murphy B.A.(Mod) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Supervised by Prof. Charles McCorkell School of Electronic Engineering Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland September 1992 I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Doctor of Philosophy is entirely my own work, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work Dedication To Karina, for all her love, support, patience and understanding, especially over the last three years. To Mum and Dad, Brigid and Michael Murphy, who have given me enormous support right through my education and who have never seen me lacking for anything. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Charles McCorkell, a man of great patience and forbearance for giving me the opportunity to cany out this work at a critical stage of my career, for giving me the opportunity to discover that lecturing (in moderate quantities) and research (in immoderate quantities) were two things that I would find enormously fulfilling, and for the constant help, support and guidance throughout the long road to this dissertation. I have had contact with many fellow students, and students of my own, in my years in the NIHE and now DCU. Particular names that spring to mind are Brian Buggy who started the same week as me and was a great friend and colleague throughout, Gearoid Mooney, Mark McDonnell, Jim Gunning and the many fourth-year B.Eng project students and who helped in various aspects of the project. -
Effects of Language on Visual Perception
Effects of Language on Visual Perception Gary Lupyan1a, Rasha Abdel Rahmanb, Lera Boroditskyc, Andy Clarkd aUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison bHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin cUniversity of California San Diego dUniversity of Sussex Abstract Does language change what we perceive? Does speaking different languages cause us to perceive things differently? We review the behavioral and elec- trophysiological evidence for the influence of language on perception, with an emphasis on the visual modality. Effects of language on perception can be observed both in higher-level processes such as recognition, and in lower-level processes such as discrimination and detection. A consistent finding is that language causes us to perceive in a more categorical way. Rather than being fringe or exotic, as they are sometimes portrayed, we discuss how effects of language on perception naturally arise from the interactive and predictive nature of perception. Keywords: language; perception; vision; categorization; top-down effects; prediction “Even comparatively simple acts of perception are very much more at the mercy of the social patterns called words than we might suppose.” [1]. “No matter how influential language might be, it would seem preposter- ous to a physiologist that it could reach down into the retina and rewire the ganglion cells” [2]. 1Correspondence: [email protected] Preprint submitted to Trends in Cognitive Sciences August 22, 2020 Language as a form of experience that affects perception What factors influence how we perceive the world? For example, what makes it possible to recognize the object in Fig. 1a? Or to locate the ‘target’ in Fig. 1b? Where is the head of the bird in Fig.