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Flexible Cubesat-Based System for Data Broadcasting S aesm-33-05-06 Page 56 PDF Created: 2018-5-10: 2:33:PM Feature Article: DOI. No. 10.1109/MAES.2018.170115 Flexible CubeSat-Based System for Data Broadcasting S. Jayousi, S. Morosi, University of Florence, Italy L. S. Ronga, Leonardo, Security and Information Systems, Campi Bisenzio, Italy E. Del Re, University of Florence, Italy A. Fanfani, L. Rossettini, D-Orbit srl, Milano, Italy INTRODUCTION which are subject to coverage and cost limitations; conversely, the uprising Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION paradigms seem to be more appropriate in such scenarios where a global packet connectivity has to be afforded in order to permit Effective answers to the major problems in society can be achieved the exchange of information between the network and the ultimate by resorting to the integration of telecommunication platforms, users but the requirements in terms of data-rate and latency are not heterogeneous systems of localization, and sensing capabilities stringent [3], [4]. and intelligent objects [1]. Particularly, the pursuit of long term On the other hand, this strategy can be successful if some op- technological solutions has to be made with the support of a rev- erating conditions and key factors can be granted; particularly, the olutionary multidisciplinary approach, especially in the areas of following conditions are compelling: transport, smart environments, quality of life, security, etc. C this strategy has to be general, i.e., a very large set of future As a result, new and more intelligent services will become services has to rely on it, even if their requirements are rather available, allowing the realization of smart contexts for what diversified and even divergent; concerns home, building, cities, work-places, and implementing new concepts as ambient intelligence, ambient assistant living, C the communications, both within the system and between ubiquitous computing, context awareness, and many more. This the system and the external world, will have to be highly pervasive communication ecosystem will solve many, if not most, efficient and to deliver all the necessary information in due problems in our life, by increasing security and safety perception time, where needed, with required quality of service (QoS) and improving interaction and conditions of activities; information and energy consumption. and communications technologies will be a pillar of this society Among the systems which allow the achievement of both of evolution by providing a complex net of information exchanges these goals, the new class of “SmallSats” also affords the reduction and exploiting the big data that are involved in the procedures [2]. of the implementation costs and the increase of system availability Moreover, the satellite segment will contribute significantly to because of their recent exponential growth [5], [6], [7]. As a result, the evolution of the services by means of the synergistic use of the exploitation of SmallSats solutions, such as the CubeSat, as communication, positioning, and monitoring techniques: this ob- a basic element of the problem-solving infrastructures has been jective will be realized by means of meshed heterogeneous archi- envisaged. tectures [2] that can afford remarkable systems and networks per- Thanks to CubeSat standardization, low cost of commercial formance. At the same time, some of the envisaged future services off-the-shelf (COTS) electronics and new launch opportunities, such as the global tracking, monitoring, and maintaining of some constellations of SmallSats that are able to provide a realistic specific assets or contexts don't mandatorily request the imple- worldwide coverage represent a promising solution for the provi- mentation of classic wireless or satellite communication systems sion of different communication services. Some examples are: the AAUSAT3 mission for the validation of an Software Defined Ra- dio (SDR) automatic identification system (AIS) signals receiver Authors' current addresses: S. Jayousi, S. Morosi, E. Del Re, for CubeSat [8]; the Outernet projects for broadcasting free content University of Florence, Information Engineering Department, retrieved from the web through satellites [9]; Astrocast project for Via di S. Marta, 3 Florence, I-50139 Italy; L. S. Ronga, Leonar- offering global M2M services as remote monitoring, geolocaliza- do—Security and Information Systems, Via Albert Einstein 35, tion, intelligent data collection, and predictive maintenance [10]. Campi Bisenzio, 50013, Italy; A. Fanfani, L. Rossettini, D-Orbit Moreover, the heterogeneity of the potential application sce- srl, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 2, 20123 Milano (MI), Italy. Manuscript received June 7, 2017, revised November 5, 2017, narios, and therefore the flexibility needed on the receiver side, December 19, 2017, and ready for publication December 23, makes the SDR technology [11] suitable for the quick adaptation 2017. of the receiver to different physical layers, maximizing the oppor- Review handled by L. Ligthart. tunity to disseminate multiple information messages all over the 0885/8985/18/$26.00 © 2018 IEEE world [12]. 56 IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE MAY – JUNE 2018 aesm-33-05-06 Page 57 PDF Created: 2018-5-10: 2:33:PM OUR CONTRIBUTION demonstration of a designed and developed alert messaging sys- tem that has been validated in the framework of the Deorbit Satel- The objective of this article is to propose a flexible system ar- lite (D-SAT) Mission. The adoption of satellite technology in the chitecture for data broadcasting based on the adoption of: i) data provision of broadcast services and, in particular in the specific gathering, processing, and formatting techniques and protocols; context of Emergency Communication, is further justified by sev- ii) a CubeSat for messages broadcasting; iii) SDR technology for eral benefits, which range from technical to management aspects. messages reception; iv) data exchange mechanisms for informa- One of the key factor is represented by the uniform (also in terms tion sharing among the system entities. Its applicability to different of QoS) and wide coverage the satellite provides. This allows to contexts, ranging from that of e-health and well-being to info-mo- reach large areas, including those area characterized by the un- bility, is highlighted. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis availability or absence of an adequate terrestrial network connec- of an emergency scenario by providing details on an experimental tion. Moreover, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites enable the access Figure 1. Flexible CubeSat-based system architecture for data broadcasting. MAY – JUNE 2018 IEEE A&E SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 57 aesm-33-05-06 Page 58 PDF Created: 2018-5-10: 2:33:PM Flexible CubeSat-Based System for Data Broadcasting to remote areas such as North and South poles that are not covered CubeSat MESSAGE RECEPTION, ON-BOARD PROCESSING by geosynchronous satellite's footprints. In addition, the resilience of satellite technology with respect to terrestrial infrastructure is AND BROADCASTING the value proposition of the proposed solution. The adoption of The space component is represented by a CubeSat, whose main CubeSat and therefore of CubeSat constellations represents a good functions are: i) the reception of the messages uploaded by the Sat- opportunity and an innovative solution for the delivery of broad- ellite MCC; ii) the processing of the received messages and con- cast messages in different application contexts. This is enhanced secutive storage of them, if needed; iii) the messages broadcasting. by the CubeSat standardization, low cost of COTS electronics, and Without losing in generality, in this section, the implementa- new launch opportunities. Finally, it is worth underlining that, to tion of a CubeSat (named D-SAT) is described. D-SAT, that is the best of our knowledge, the proposed CubeSat-based system shown in Figure 2, despite of its compact dimension [(30 × 10 × and the D-SAT mission are the first application of these concepts 10) cm3] and its mass lower than 4.5 kg, includes all the typical sat- and strategies to the data broadcasting in emergency scenarios: the ellite subsystems. The On-Board Computer (OBC) comprises At- results of the mission demonstrate that this original approach is titude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) sensors (magnetometers, effective in terms of performance, coverage, and costs [13], [14]; sun sensors, gyroscope) and the drivers for AOCS magnetorquers. moreover the specific context of emergency and the need of deliv- The core of the OBC is a flight proven High-performance ARM7 ering alert messages to the population over a large area led to the Central Processing Unit. adoption of satellite technology that may represent the only solu- The OBC has an on-board timer which is synchronized with tion to reach the intended audience in time. Coordinated Universal Time by means of a Global Positioning System receiver within the satellite. The communication subsys- SYSTEM MODEL tem consists of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio module and a turnstile antenna. The Electric Power System includes batteries The high-level architecture of the proposed flexible CubeSat- and solar arrays and the D-Orbit Decommissioning device that has based system for data broadcasting is depicted in Figure 1. To bet- been conceived to dispose the satellite. ter analyse the functioning of the whole transmission and reception In details, the communication subsystem includes an omni- chain, following the information
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