Guiding the Way to Waterfront Revitalization

Guiding The Way To Waterfront Revitalization A Best Management Practices Series F L O R I D A D E P A R T M E N T OF C O M M U N I T Y A F F A I R S A F A Y R T M E N OF C O U I A D E P A O R I D F L Acknowledgments

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF Lida Maxwell Carol Crispen Pam Portwood Florida Department of Community Affairs, Planning and Economic Development - Old Eau Wakulla County (Panacea, Wakulla County) Publications Gallie Riverfront (Melbourne, Brevard County) Joanne Semmer Jonathan Frederick Magge Ericson San Carlos Island (San Carlos Island, Lee Florida Department of Community Affairs, Program Manager, Kings Bay Waterfronts County) Community Intern Florida Partnership (Crystal River, Citrus Affairs County) Betty Taylor-Webb Lynn Griffin City Administrator, City of Apalachicola Florida Department of Florida Department of Environmental Anita Gregory Grove (Apalachicola, Franklin County) Community Affairs Protection, Coastal Program Administrator Executive Director, Apalachicola Bay Chamber 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard of Commerce (Apalachicola, Franklin County) Nancy Wengel Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100 Susan Goggin, AICP Director, St. Andrews Waterfront Project www.dca.state.fl.us Florida Department of Environmental Janet Hoffman, AICP (St. Andrews, Panama City) Protection, Environmental Administrator Formerly with Manatee County Planning Department (Cortez, Manatee County) Hank Woollard, AICP Dornecia Allen Formerly with Martin County Planning & Florida Department of Environmental Abraham Jackson Development Services (Martin County) The Florida Department of Protection, Grants Specialist Project Manager, Waterfronts Working Group, Community Affairs wishes to City of Oak Hill (Oak Hill, Volusia County) Other Organizations express its appreciation to Joan Jefferson the following individuals: Florida Department of State, Barbara Joyce Julia A. Magee Florida Main Street Program Coordinator Daytona Beach Partnership Association Community Planner, 1000 Friends of Florida Agency Acknowledgments (Daytona Beach, Volusia County) Community Acknowledgments Dan Pennington Tracy D. Suber Georgia Katz Community Planner, 1000 Friends of Florida Florida Department of Community Affairs, Roger B. Allen St. Johns County Planning Department State Planning Administrator Florida Gulf Coast Maritime Museum at Cortez (Vilano Beach, St. Johns County) This book was produced by the Florida (Cortez, Manatee County) Department of Community Affairs in association Bill Pable, AICP Teresa Lamar-Sarno with Lampl Herbert Consultants. Florida Department of Community Affairs, Margaret Beake, AICP Martin County Planning & Development Community Planning Policy Administrator Citrus County Community Development Services (Port Salerno, Martin County) (Old Homosassa, Citrus County) Cover Photos Jennifer Z. Carver, AICP Ed “Luke” Lukacovic Mayport Lighthouse, courtesy of Mayport Waterfront S. Michael Brown Mayport Waterfront Partnership Florida Department of Community Affairs, Partnership Waterfronts Florida Partnership Coordinator Port Salerno Commercial Fishing Dock Authority (Mayport, Jacksonville) Boardwalk and Boats at Manatee Pocket, Martin (Port Salerno, Martin County) County, Florida, courtesy of Martin County Planning Department Michael Conrad, Ed.D. Mary Anne Meyer Netmaker, Customers, and Nets at Mayport, Florida, Florida Department of Community Affairs, Vivian Browning Port Salerno Neighborhood Advisory Committee courtesy of Lampl Herbert Consultants Community Visioning Services Chair Executive Committee, (Port Salerno, Martin County) Vilano Beach Community Redevelopment Area January 2007 (Vilano Beach, St. Johns County) Table Of Contents

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Introduction

Best Practices, Guiding the Way to Waterfront Revitalization is offered by the Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program (WFPP), Florida Department of Community Affairs, as a how-to guide for individuals and communities with an interest in preserving or making changes at the local waterfront. This guidebook draws from the ideas and on-the-ground know-how of real people who work in citizen groups, state and federal agencies, special topic associations, or non-profit organizations to foster change or protect a way-of-life in water-dependent districts and communities.

The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program was created in 1997 by the Florida Coastal Management Program to assist coastal waterfronts with revitalization. The program contributes technical assistance, support, and startup grants as part of its partnership with designated communities among 168 municipalities and 35 counties in Florida that are required to prepare a Coastal Management Element for Local Government Comprehensive Plans. WFPP is Florida’s approach to revitalization of waterfront areas, a topic of national interest that began soon after World War II and continues into the 21st Century. Waterfronts Florida and this guide are both in part sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)/Florida Coastal Management Program.

This guidebook is divided into five parts. The first section, Waterfronts, provides an overview of what is happening at waterfronts in general around the United States and introduces case studies on current programs and legislation from Florida and Maine. The second section, Best Practices, presents a series of best practices in a framework that includes Beginnings, Commit- ments, the Three Ps of Planning, Partnering, Performance, and Sustainability. Each set of practices is illustrated by one or more case studies based on the work of designated Waterfronts Florida Partnership Communities. The third section, Lessons Learned, brings together the advice of individuals who have worked to protect, revitalize, or sustain the waterfronts in their communities. The suggestions are presented in the voices of the experienced. The fourth section, Capstone, focuses on the key elements of the Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program and illustrates them through case studies from designated communities. The fifth section, Around the Waterfront, points the reader to additional information on such topics as funding sources, planning tools, and project management.

Much of the information offered here is applicable to community initiatives beyond the waterfront. Readers are invited to think broadly, change the keywords as appropriate, and get started! The ultimate goal is to develop and sustain a corps of citizen volunteers who know how to make things happen in their communities – and at the waterfront!

• • Wa terNoun.fronts Land abutting a body of water. The part of a town or city that abuts water, especially a district of wharves where ships dock.

waterfront - Definitions from Dictionary.com.http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/waterfront, accessed August 21, 2006. Waterfronts -

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A S : P F tate hoto orida l of s rchive - erfr The uses may be divided according to “working be divided according to “working The uses may 2 t a W ublic policy tends to categorize waterfronts according to location, use, and need according waterfronts ublic policy tends to categorize or change. for redevelopment Goodwin, R. F. 1999. Redeveloping Deteriorated Urban Waterfronts: the Effectiveness of U.S. Coastal Management Coastal Management of U.S. the Effectiveness Urban Waterfronts: Deteriorated 1999. Redeveloping Goodwin, R. F.

2 Coastal Management. 27:239-269. Programs. or categories are problematic and on the way to becoming contentious as competi on the way or categories are problematic and of the shorelines. While the area known as the tion escalates for access to or control as a place the less visible submerged lands, the waterfront include may waterfront encompass those areas commonly known as wetlands, beaches does not generally or shores. P Such definitions waterfronts.” and “private waterfronts,” “recreational waterfronts,” Oak Hill, Florida Hill, Oak Best Practices, Guiding The Way To Waterfront Revitalization Revitalization The Way To Waterfront Guiding Best Practices,

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ater-dependent businesses are traditionally considered a part of the marine or maritime industries. Dependency refers to the need for the businesses and users of such places to have access to space to offload or take on cargo, fish, or people. WWaterfronts are by definition next to the kinds of navigable lakes, rivers, and oceans that have made trade and commerce possible for humans for thousands of years. The invention of the combustion engine and the evolution of technologies for travel and overland shipping marginalized the waterfront and water-dependent work. The containerization of freight and the advent of super-sized ships with the need for deep-draft channels further diminish the visibility of the traditional, older ports.3

The term “port” generally applies to waterside, large scale complexes in urban areas that are equipped to dock boats and ships and handle cargo. Port facilities include terminals and storage space for cargo containers and in some cases freezers and other food storage units to support agriculture and commercial fishing. In today’s world, the public and private ports in the U.S. are often part of what is known as an intermodal transportation system that includes landside connections to truck, rail, and/or air conveyance. Ports typically are located in or adjacent to urban population centers such as Oakland, California; Jacksonville, Florida; or New York City, New York. Tenants may include shipping companies, barges, tugs, and support industries. The ocean- going travel liners of the past have been replaced by cruise ships that offer recreational adventures. The U.S. military operates water-dependent ports in coastal areas as part of national defense. The deep-draught vessels common to ports require deepwater, dockside access and special channels to travel from bays and harbors to open-ocean.

3 Goodwin, R. F. 1999. Redeveloping Deteriorated Urban Waterfronts: the Effectiveness of U.S. Coastal Management Programs. Coastal Management. 27:239-269. com . s ign jfmde / com . erbert - H am pl .L p hoto tock i s www

: © Port of Miami • Miami, Florida San Carlos Island, Florida : hoto hoto P P Waterfronts ater depths necessary for ater depths necessary Commercial fishing businesses are fishing businesses Commercial 4 Heckscher Drive Community • Jacksonville, Florida Heckscher Drive Community he waterfronts populated by commercial fishing operations outside the urbanized, large vessel ports are not so neatly are not so vessel ports large urbanized, outside the fishing operations commercial by populated he waterfronts waterfronts.” working labeled “traditional spots are sometimes although such defined,

FAU/FIU Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems. 1995. A Profile of Florida’s Working Waterfronts. A Report to the Florida Coastal Management Program. Fort Lauderdale: Report to the Florida Coastal Management Program. Waterfronts. A Working and Urban Problems. 1995. A Profile of Florida’s Joint Center for Environmental FAU/FIU

the landside and waterside footprints, the number of docks or spaces for mooring, the size of the ships or boats, and the depth of the ships or boats, and the number of docks or spaces for mooring, the size footprints, the landside and waterside that populate these working waterfronts. the boats, ships, and other vessels needed by of water 4 University. Florida Atlantic The primary difference between the port and non-port working waterfront is generally one of scale – the size and complexity of and complexity one of scale – the size is generally the port and non-port working waterfront The primary difference between overland and air transportation. Supporting services commonly include fuel depots, boat builders, marine ways, equipment equipment ways, marine depots, boat builders, include fuel services commonly Supporting and air transportation. overland pursuits recreational associated with more commonly operations, Charter boat freezers. commercial ice plants, and fabricators, fishing. The w included in the category of commercial base, are increasingly because of the customer and for individuals real estate are prized feet; the access and upland be two to fifteen may waterfronts access to traditional or boats. smaller vessels businesses with T with and connect fish and seafood cases, process and, in many to offload products the waterfront on access to dependent

.L : P . H - pl am www hoto com erbert Recreational Waterfronts ndividuals go to the waterfront to watch workboats, buy “Recreational and commercial working waterfront” means a some seafood, eat a meal, listen to water lap against boats parcel or parcels of real property that provide access for Iand seawalls, promenade on a boardwalk, and visit retail water-dependent commercial activities or provide access for shops. Tourists book visits at waterfront hotels or resorts. the public to the navigable waters of the state. Recreational Recreational boaters launch, moor, or rent space in dry stor- and commercial working waterfronts require direct access age at or near the waterfront. Marinas, large and small, line to or a location on, over, or adjacent to a navigable body the waterfront of rivers, bays, and lakes. Such activities, while of water. The term includes water-dependent facilities that not water dependent, are enhanced by the proximity to the are open to the public and offer public access by vessels to waterfront. the waters of the state or that are support facilities for recreational, commercial, research, or governmental vessels. A Florida research team once labeled these areas “modern These facilities include docks, wharfs, lifts, wet and dry working waterfronts because they support more contem- marinas, boat ramps, boat hauling and repair facilities, com- porary commercial uses…”5 Administrative rules associated mercial fishing facilities, boat construction facilities, and with preparation of local government comprehensive plans other support structures over the water. in Florida include recreation in the water-dependent uses of waterfronts.6 The Florida Legislature recently made a place at Section 342.201, Florida Statutes, the working waterfront for recreational as well as commercial Waterfronts Florida Program water-dependent facilities that provide services or access for the public (see box). com . erbert - H am pl .L www

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5 FAU/FIU Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems. 1995 A Profile of Florida’s Working Waterfronts. A Report to the Florida Coastal Management Program. Fort Lauderdale: Florida Atlantic University, iv. 6 Chapter 9J-5, Minimum Criteria for Review of Local Government Comprehensive Plans and Plan Amendments, Evaluation and Appraisal Reports, Land Development Regulations and Determinations of Compliance, Florida Administrative Code (FAC). Waterfronts

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/ . © : P on s bian com hoto p tock s i hoto aterfronts W rivate P Fort Lauderdale, Florida he appeal of waterfront property coupled with a robust real estate market is fast expanding a third category of uses – pri category of uses a third is fast expanding estate market with a robust real coupled property of waterfront he appeal line and second homes, as first family residences, and single marinas, offices, condominiums, Commercial waterfronts. vate

T water Signs increasingly notify the public directly or indirectly. exclude may areas. Such developments in coastal waterfronts only. owners for use of property are private, docks and ramps front visitors that . © : P / hoto p tock s i hoto gynane com Revitalization of Waterfronts City Waterscapes and Ports edevelopment or revitalization of large-scale waterfronts and ports are associated with major cities. For example, the City of Cleveland, Ohio, other local, state, The loosely coupled network Rand federal agencies and public and private organizations conducted a 32-month of agencies and organiza- 7 planning process to develop Connecting Cleveland: the Waterfront District Plan tions – commonly known as which was adopted by the Cleveland City Planning Commission in 2004. Individual a process of “partnering” projects are expected to be developed along or adjacent to the eight-mile, 3,000- or “partnerships” – allows acre waterfront over a 50-year planning horizon, funded by multiple sources includ- government, non-profit, and ing grants from federal and state governments as well as private foundations. private sectors to pool col- lective financial, political, Port redevelopment is an ongoing process, done over and over as tenants move in and ideational resources to and out and long-term businesses revamp their operations. Separately, the National tackle large-scale problems. Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have developed “portfields” which is an interagency initiative intended to support reclamation of contaminated areas for redevelopment, a program modeled after the “brownfields” cleanup and redevelopment concept.8 Beyond the Urbanized Areas maller working and recreational waterfronts are found at the margins of industri- alized areas and in the towns and small cities beyond the urban centers. Revi- Stalization may begin with a local initiative or because of state or federal programs. Vehicles of change may include a policy process such as legislative action, local plan amendments, or physical improvements such as boardwalks, installation of under- ground utilities, and signs.

Local revitalization efforts – at the non-urban waterfront and in other venues – tend to aim for what are known as “small wins.” A small win is:

…a concrete, complete, implemented outcome of moderate importance. By itself, one small win may seem unimportant. A series of wins at small but significant tasks, however, reveals a pattern that may attract allies, com . deter opponents, and lower resistance to subsequent proposals. Small

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7 hoto Cleveland City Planning Commission. Home page, http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us, accessed August 22, 2006. P 8 Environmental Protection Agency. Portfields- The Wave of the Future.www.epa.gov/swerosps/bf/success/portfields.pdf , accessed August 22, 2006. 9 Weick, Karl. Small Wins. Redefining the scale of Social Problems. American Psychologist 39(1):40-49. Waterfronts - - S. U. The ultimate goal is to de The ultimate goal 11 the

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. com he Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 provides the authority and financial support for waterfront revitalization programs revitalization programs waterfront support for and financial authority the Act of 1972 provides Management he Coastal Zone with local commu States. The states, in turn, work the coastal areas of the United state agencies in by that are managed Goodwin, op cit, 243. Goodwin, op cit, 243. 10 11 environment, protect cultural resources, provide public access, and foster water-dependent uses. access, and foster water-dependent public resources, provide protect cultural environment, sustaining vital waterfronts. capable of level at the grassroots organizational capacity planning and velop T and funding. technical assistance nities to provide on the is to foster protection or improvement assistance. The primary intent for period of eligibility and a time-limited grants, Case Study

Approaches to Waterfront Revitalization or Protection

he face of the waterfront is chang- determined needs coupled with three serve some semblance of waterfront ac- ing across the United States. Florida months of intensive mentoring.13 cess for the public and working interests, Tand Maine are at the forefront among Other states are beginning the search and look for best practices and lessons the states with established programs for solutions. In April 2005, the Great learned to guide the way to revitalization that address access for the public and Lakes Commission and the Wisconsin and/or protection of the waterfront for water-dependent business. New York Department of Natural Resources, Com- water-dependent uses. offers a Local Waterfront Redevelopment merce and Administration, sponsored a Program (LWRP)12 to help communities Waterfront Revitalization Conference. In prepare a land and water use plan for June 2006, the North Carolina Sea Grant waterfronts along with a companion set Program and the Mississippi-Alabama of strategies for action. The package of Sea Grant Consortium sponsored sepa- plan and program for implementation rate conferences to address the topics includes policy changes and approval of coastal access, traditional uses, by the Secretary of State. Communi- and working water- ties are eligible for technical assistance fronts along the

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hoto community capacity. New Hampshire, activists come together P like other coastal states, is experiencing to increase awareness of rapid growth that can overwhelm com- the situation; define and Natural Resources Outreach Coalition (NROC) munities. The coalition initiates up to refine the working water- Rye, New Hampshire three community cycles a year, match- front concept; pool ideas ing coalition expertise with community for how to maintain or pre-

12 Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP). LWRP 13 University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. - What is it?. http://nyswaterfronts.com/aboutus_LWRP. NROC Information Sheet, http://extension.unh.edu/Com- asp, accessed August 22, 2006. mDev/Pubs/NROCISF.pdf, accessed August 22, 2006.

Waterfronts 11

207 /S . © : P p cott com hoto p tock s i hoto ------, accessed August 22, , accessed August www.state.me.us/governor/bal The Pilot Program is part is Program The Pilot Lighthouse 16 Portland, Maine The Portland Headlight he second ballot item established the ballot item established he second Access Pi Waterfront Maine Working State of Maine Office of the Governor. Governor Balda Governor State of Maine Office of the Governor. servation easements. Approximately $2 easements. Approximately servation aside to protect stra million will be set waterfront working tegically significant in which is program, properties. The stages, is expected to the development for profit and non-profit grants provide of up organizations for amounts private the cost of purchase for to 50 percent of to rights and/or development property areas for commer maintain waterfront Leg cial fishing and support activities. is expected to establish action islative to uphold the special status covenants time. over 16 cci: 2005 Bond Package, dacci/issues/bond_proposal/q5.html 2006. T lot Program. to initiative million statewide of a $12 or important properties sensitive protect of land and con through the purchase - - - - - , accessed August 22, , accessed August Long-standing Long-standing 15

www.state.me.us/spo/mcp/wwi/community_ac tive eparately, Maine voters approved two approved Maine voters eparately, referenda in 2005 to address is nitia Maine Coastal Program. Maine Working Waterfronts Waterfronts Maine Working Maine Coastal Program. the production and sale of food (sea the production and sale of food food) to the public and the production and sale of condominiums for individual, use. private 15 Initiative, tions.php#waterfront_ordinance 2006. Grants and loans are available for proj and loans are available Grants reconstruction of piers, ects that include boat launching areas, creation of new of water-dependent and recruitment coastal planners work businesses. Maine and local harbor with local governments working water committees to support fronts. S and values sues associated with property The taxation at the working waterfront. first measure changed the Constitution preferential to give to allow lawmakers owners who use treatment to property Under the land for commercial fishing. can working waterfronts this provision, instead at the “current use” be taxed which of a “highest and best use” rate that is tied to the price of recent sales what is reflect increasing demand for becoming a scare resource – waterfront recognizes This ballot initiative property. the the economic difference between associated with of activities dollar value commercial fishing. commercial promotion and policies support coastal waterfronts. of working preservation I s ------ont - - erfr t www.fisher a W orking W tudy The loss of access for ferries, 14 S he State of Maine is bounded in part of Maine is bounded he State line, yet miles of coast 5,300 by aine , accessed August 22, 2006. , accessed August Damon, D. S. 2005. “Struggling-to-Survive-Waterfront.” 2005. “Struggling-to-Survive-Waterfront.” S. Damon, D. M access to the shoreline, particularly for access to the shoreline, particularly 14 10(5), April 2005, Voice, Fishermen’s mensvoice.com/archives/strugglingtosurvive%23246E38. html Maine is taking several approaches to Maine is taking several for access maintain or protect waterfront The Maine businesses. water-dependent Working sponsors the Coastal Program to foster public Initiative Waterfronts mate members of the working water mate members of the working front. vessels, and marinas commercial fishing provides affects an economic sector that rev 39,000 jobs and $750 million in enues. Maine Senator Dennis S. Damon sug Maine Senator Dennis S. gests that the term “working waterfront” should be changed to “struggling-to-sur as recreational busi vive-waterfront” and hotels nesses such as restaurants as legiti work to redefine themselves shorelines for private residences, cou shorelines for private and values property pled with escalating the steadily reduce corresponding taxes that is avail property pool of affordable commercial able for water-dependent uses. T of working waterfront barely 25 miles to water-dependent remain accessible experience mirrors users. The Maine other coastal areas of problems seen in – pressure to develop the United States ase C Case Study

the total number of Waterfronts Florida communities to 18.

The Waterfronts Florida Process. The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program PARTNERSHI P P R O G R A M solicits applications on a two year cycle. Local governments may serve as an he Waterfronts Florida Partnership for community redevelopment of the applicant; a non-profit or similar type of Program (WFPP) brings techni- waterfront: group may apply if supported by a city Tcal assistance and startup grants to or county government. Communities designated communities in the 168 …It will act as the community’s must agree to 1) appoint a Waterfronts municipalities and 35 counties that are advocate and ombudsman to Partnership Committee that includes required to prepare a Coastal Element find answers to specific issues at least one representative from local for Local Government Comprehensive raised by the community. Educa- government and 2) fund the salary and Plans. WFPP is Florida’s approach to tional training will focus on linking travel expenses for a full-time program revitalization of waterfronts, an area revitalization to environmental manager. Other conditions generally limit of interest that began in the United and cultural resource protection, the partnerships to smaller waterfronts States after World War II and contin- hazard mitigation, supporting by excluding the larger deepwater port ues into the 21st century. the viable traditional waterfront areas defined by operating revenues economy and public access to the over $5 million per year. Communities The WFPP initiative emerged in 1996- waterfront resources. Finally, the receive intense support for a two 1997 as the State of Florida sought Partnership will facilitate the cre- year period; communities continue ways to support coastal communities ation of a network of communi- participation after the initial period, affected by the 1994 Constitutional ties, individuals, consultants, and serving as models, mentors, and Amendment that limited the size organizations that are interested members of the Waterfronts Florida and mesh of nets commonly used in waterfront revitalization.17 Network. to harvest finfish and shrimp in state-owned waters. Many small- Some 49 communities applied to the Community Focus. Waterfronts Florida boat fishers and supporting services Waterfronts Florida program between communities create a local focus for went out of business or experienced 1997 and 2003; 13 communities in planning and revitalization through severe economic hardships because small, sometimes rural counties or visioning and inclusion of stakeholders of what came to be known as “the remote areas of larger counties became with attention to the four areas net ban.” The 2005 Florida Legislature a “Waterfronts Florida Community.” set out for priority in the program established the Waterfronts Florida Five new communities received the – environmental and cultural resource Partnership Program by law under coveted designation in 2005, bringing protection, hazard mitigation, economic Chapter 342.201, F.S. development, and public access. The 17 Florida Sustainable Communities Center. 1997. “FCMP vision and the plans are developed and The intent is to provide advocacy, Kicks-Off Waterfronts Florida Partnership.” http://sustain- implementation begins over the two year able.state.fl.us/fdi/fscc/news/index.html, accessed August education, and facilitation as tools 22, 2006. period. Waterfronts 13 communities with an interest in applying communities with Florida Partnership to the Waterfronts in the future. Program formation of non-profit organizations. of non-profit formation are educational, Meetings The Quarterly Program and provide motivational, to share with an opportunity Managers peers. with solutions solicit and problems are open to The Quarterly Meetings

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: S : P hoto storm water management, historic management, historic storm water or development, economic preservation, program. Program Managers and Program program. together for a persons come interested locations at waterfront day-and-a-half basis to hear on a quarterly in Florida and other personnel from agency include topics that may professionals on The The WFPP WFPP provides small grants small grants WFPP provides community planning. community Planning Network. The Waterfronts network is a hallmark of the Florida and effectiveness as well as exposure and effectiveness deal to subject matter experts who economic, hazard with environmental, mitigation, and public access issues. for FDCA also facilitates workshops participation, and visioning, citizen conflict resolution, grant writing, and writing, conflict resolution, grant WFPP staff economic development. hands-on support to also provides communities that experience problems in the course of plan implementation. include assistance may Technical in organizational development training organization started, develop community community organization started, develop an based ideas for projects, create local action plan, and implement the WFPP contracts vision for the waterfront. offer with consultants to separately on topics such as training specialized develop partnerships in addition to the partnerships develop the pool of group to expand Waterfronts resources. financial and human Assistance. Technical the advisory groups staff works with the managers to get and program projects including design work. Grant work. Grant including design projects to create plans, be used money may and studies, develop conduct surveys otherwise develop brochures, and plans. The WFPP staff and implement groups to waterfronts also works with Grants. to help communities to individual specific aspects of with different Best Prac•tic•es Management concept. The idea that there are techniques, processes, activities that, if followed, can lead to a positive outcome with fewer problems or complications than other methods.18

18 Adapted from Best practice – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_practices, accessed August 3, 2006. Best Practices 15 - Getting a Vision Looking for Help Mapping the System Waterfront revitalization takes place over place over takes revitalization Waterfront collection of individual time through a as that when taken and group activities activities process. Key a whole create a with the begin commonly associated project are: nings of a waterfront Some of the questions, concepts, and Some of the questions, concepts, with tools that are commonly associated each of these tasks are explained here. innings eg

F A S : P orida l of s rchive tate hoto success? Who is involved in designing success? Who is involved the outcome? Who might and developing project, and who support the overall Where might be expected to oppose it? go for help? can the community A second set of questions has to do with A second set of look like the waterfront vision – what will the work is done and in the future after a declares revitalization the community funded? Who will do the work? Who will work? Who will Who will do the funded? the problems? solve - - - - - et’s start at the beginning. Every beginning. Every start at the et’s individu project includes waterfront the community have a goal or set of have the community hand, goals? Communities, on the other think in terms of money – how may will the project or series of projects get community members know how to work members know how to community have together; does the community and a history of getting things done, of sustain the level can the community complete energy that will be required to Does small- and large-scale projects? So what happens first to get the ball So what happens first to get the planners and orga rolling? Community of nizational consultants think in terms “skills,” concepts such as “readiness,” ready Is the community and “capacity.” the a series of projects? Do to undertake brant business district sidelined by road business district sidelined by brant the purpose, realignment. Whatever someone – or a group of someones got or – had a vision of what might be, and oriented, and set a heading ganized the future. toward few individuals get together to remove a get together to remove few individuals or the the bay or cleanup derelict vessel to save others want shoreline. Maybe for traditional a place at the waterfront another or yet boats and businesses, a once-vi to revitalize want group may L organizations, als, groups of individuals, of pro type cases some and in many government by that is sponsored gram a organization. Maybe a non-profit or by Getting a Vision needed to get started, if the members are willing and able to handle day-to-day tasks of planning and execution.

ommunity planners encourage orida l F

stakeholders to get a vision or a of Operations committee. The opera- Cview of what it is they hope to accom- tions committee, if created, could be plish. In the simplest sense, in a vision- s rchive

A responsible for the day-to-day work of ing process people get together, talk tate the group, from securing meeting space about what they want, and produce what : S to inviting participants.

is commonly known as a vision state- hoto P ment or a conceptual map of what the Consultants. Consultants may be hired community or designated area could or to manage the entire process. The con- should look like. The meetings may be Someone or some group of individuals sultants should not replace the steering informal and formal, unstructured to needs to get things started and needs to committee but may supplant the opera- highly structured, and may take place make sure the work gets done. Planning tions group. over a period of months. The develop- for the visioning process will help the ment of a vision that can be accepted by leaders to assess community readiness. Stakeholders. The stakeholders should the community takes involvement by an Readiness will include consideration of include the general population, govern- array of stakeholders with broad inter- such topics as: leadership, involvement, ment, business people, and any other ests as well as those individuals who are meeting skills, conflict resolution, and categories of individuals or organizations focused on the waterfront. plain old-fashioned willingness to work. who have an interest in the future of the community or the waterfront. Think of the vision as a beginning, a he visioning process needs to be de- place to launch a long-range project that signed, the meeting place secured, See “Around the Waterfront” in this will include a series of smaller projects. Tpeople invited, and the list of tasks goes guidebook for readings on the visioning on. Some communities hire consultants process, including a booklet from Water- to handle the work; other communities fronts Florida Partnership Program. seek technical assistance from state or federal agencies, while still others prefer to develop a vision on their own. The ommerce

C planning team may be expected to in- of clude the following groups of people: orida l hamber F C of ay

Steering committee. Someone needs B to take the helm. The steering commit- s rchive

tee will guide the overall work of the A a l achico p visioning and will probably be on hand to tate : A start the post-vision work. The steering : S Apalachicola, Florida Apalachicola, Florida hoto hoto P

committee may be the only committee P Best Practices 17 ------Get There’s There’s generating generating new ideas for waterfront brainstorm ing process to is central problems, the The basic premise rules out 21 se the results of the inventory to cre of the inventory se the results for the visioning ses ate a backdrop Osborn, A. 1948. Your Creative Power. New York: Charles New York: Power. Creative Osborn, A. 1948. Your

partment or its equivalent may be a good be may partment or its equivalent might try Google Earth™ source, or you the ideas gener mapping services. Transfer session to a hard ated in the brainstorming to and color markers Use acetate map. copy overlays. create hand-drawn 21 Sons. Scribner’s sions. Enlarge the photos and mount them sions. Enlarge the Create stations that follow on foam board. so that current waterfront the path of the the “feel” of the area. participants get brainstorming. Make way for a dumb idea in the brain no such thing as Alex Initially described by storming process. as a technique for solving Osborn in 1939 revitalization. judgments the use of critical comments or and encour session during a brainstorming of the than quality rather ages the quantity Capture ideas at the beginning of a project. the thinking. map. Transfer the ideas to a base wa of your a map or aerial photograph De terfront. The local Land Use Planning advance. Some communities – and some communities Some advance. the areas – inventory programs waterfronts residential, indus to commercial, according uses. public or institutional trial, and U

G S FDO , DHR : hic p ra S FDO , DHR : G hic p ra ------http://memory. www.floridamemory. Check to see if see to Check 20 Consider a three di Consider a three , accessed August 21, 2006. , accessed August - Flor 19 he visioning may take place over the over place take may he visioning want You’ll months. several course of , accessed August 21, 2006. , accessed August The Library of Congress. American Memory, of Congress. American Memory, The Library The Florida Memory Project. FMP Home, cies prepare future land use maps years in years cies prepare future land use maps 19 loc.gov/ammem/index.html 20 com Give away disposable cameras, to be re disposable cameras, away Give to develop turned to the steering committee to community collage prior a photographic check with the see the future, visioning. To land use planning department or county city of these agen many or its equivalent; be; try searching the Florida Department of be; try searching the Florida Department “harbor,” State website using “waterfront,” keywords. the as “boats” or spe sites web or publications has state your To waterfronts or maritime history. cific to community capture the present, encourage collection. members to participate in data ida is among the states that links provide to manuscripts and photos of what used to mensional inventory – the past, the present, – the past, the mensional inventory a glimpse of the past, For and the future. or newspaper ar society historical visit your or local projects mod Look at state chives. Congress’ American of eled after the Library Memory. worn out by the exercise. In most cases, In most exercise. the by worn out activi process will include the development to see their community ties that help people Activities hopes. and ideas their express and be limited to: include but not may Create an inventory. T and focused time to get organized enough gets everyone so much time that but not Mapping the System who get involved in local situations. Looking for Help What community or service groups are very project, whether it be develop- active in your community? What issues earch the Internet with the key ment of the vision or rejuvenation of do these groups work? words “waterfront programs” or “wa- Ethe waterfront, takes place within a so- Sterfront revitalization.” Transfer the basic cial context that includes the past, pres- Learn to draw a mind map (see next information to the base map and the ent, and future agendas of federal, state, page), either by hand or with software. names, telephone numbers, and email and local governments and of industries, Use the map to sort out the issues and addresses to your contact list. Learn organizations, and individuals who live in players who will influence renovation of more about these programs and what or have interests in the community. Gov- your waterfront. The map will give you they have to offer. The Florida Coastal ernments have laws and rules; business- a place to start when you need to get a Management Program administers the es have balance sheets, and community permit to install a sign at the entrance Coastal Partnership Initiative (CPI), a groups have issues of interest. Get to to your community. Will your group need grant program that funds projects in know what groups – elected, appointed, permission from the city, county, or the coastal counties, including projects that and self-started – populate the land- state Department of Transportation? prepare it to become designated as a scape in your community. Get to know This type of map can give you a place to Waterfronts Florida Partnership com- the issues, interests, and calendars of identify potential conflicts and, eventu- munity.22 Any community seeking funds each group. ally, help identify the social networks to enhance its traditional waterfront you’ll need to get things done. Try your economy, protect resources, and miti- Look back at history and keep up with hand at transferring the information gate hazards may also apply under the current events. What’s been happening about organizations and government to Working Waterfronts category of the CPI. at your waterfront over the last 5 years? the hand-drawn base map. (www.dep.state.fl.us/cmp/grants/index. Are land owners riding the real estate htm, accessed August 21, 2006). rocket? Have hurricanes or other natu- ap out your political system. Do ral disasters bottomed out the prop- you have a city commission or Make sure to check with local commu- erty boom? Has storm damage slowed Mcouncil? A county commission? How do nity planners and consultants if your change at the waterfront? these work? Who are the current mem- group wants help with visioning and/or bers of each elected group? What are construction of a preliminary road map. Identify attempts to change or keep their terms? When are the elections? Do State-sponsored programs may be avail- the waterfront area the same. Who was members of your group know the elected able to provide training and technical as- involved, what were their positions? officials? Are there appointed advisory sistance to help your community prepare You want to get to know the names and boards or quasi-governmental organi- for action. For example, the Waterfronts faces of individuals and organizations zations? Does your community have a Florida Partnership Program provides a zoning board or a harbor committee? variety of tools including help with or- Are the members elected or appointed? ganizational development and strategic What are their terms? What are their planning for its designated communities. responsibilities? When and where do

p er iverkee they meet? Who are the staff contacts? R Put this information on the mind map. A sample mind map and definition is pro- 22

a l achico Florida Department of Environmental Protection. p Eastpoint, Florida vided on the next page. See “Around the Coastal Partnership Initiative Working Waterfronts, www. : A Waterfront” in this guidebook for further dep.state.fl.us/cmp/grants/types/waterfronts_florida.

hoto htm, accessed August 21, 2006.

P information on mind mapping. BEST PRACTICES 19 les re- ﬁ

Meeting / Workshop Times Staff Elected Officials Meeting / Workshop Times Meeting / Workshop Staff Elected Officials Annual Seasonal Weekly Daily Office of Governor Executive How are bills proposed How are bills written How are bills worked How are bills passed / signed County Municipal County / Parish County Municipal Appointed Staff What’s the Calendar What’s Elected Water Management District Water Districts Conservation Boards Water the Calendar What’s Elected Hired the Calendar What’s Appointed How Does State Work Government Congress Office of President Executive the Calendar What’s Local Government Regional Federal State Government IPS T Mind maps, concept maps, or “webs” are graphical organizers that help the user sort organizers Mind maps, concept or “webs” are graphical complicated information. Search blogs and look in online through and organize to learn more about these techniques for visualizing a system. encyclopedias in Map the Water- Get started. Begin with a broad topic in the center of page. Write or “arms” for sub-topics and so on. Add branches front System. place to collect information and Mind maps can also be used to create a central lated to a complex, long-term project. in this guidebook for information on software. the Waterfront” See the “Around System Map the OOL T Waterfront Waterfront Inventory Library Issues Initiatives Scientific Programs Land Use Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Workshops Associations / Professional Web Portals Web Conferences Waterfront Initiatives Waterfront 5 Year Past 5 Year Past Alliances Industrial Residential Future Current Events Commercial Local State Region Emergent Issues Citizen Programs People Discipline Reports / Articles (by Topic) Reports Public / Institutional Your Town or County Town Your Research Organizations Research Waterfront Specific Waterfront Organizations Reports / Articles (by Organization) Reports Agency / Organization Local Clubs and Associations Regional / State Professional Groups Regional Case Study

Readiness — Apalachicola, Florida

palachicola is the county seat of Franklin County, Florida, a Panhandle city best known for cotton trading in the Civil War era23 and oysters since the 1880s.24 The town can boast block after block of historic buildings, and King Retsyo (oyster Aspelled backwards) still leads the annual Florida Seafood Festival. Yet over the last 20 years the town and surrounding areas have faced significant challenges brought on by hurricanes, pending land development, and a Constitutional amendment in 1994 that banned the use of certain nets in Florida.

By 1997 the Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program and its focus on working waterfronts was of interest but program administrators questioned the community’s readiness. The City could not provide a full-time program manager, a provision deemed critical to the success of revitalization, plus the community had not developed a vision of just what it wanted to look like in the future. Changes in local priorities and in WFPP requirements – plus some hands-on help ommerce

C from a non-governmen- of tal organization – favored

hamber application in 2002 and C

ay the City of Apalachicola, B in partnership with the Apalachicola Bay Chamber a l achico p of Commerce, was desig-

: A nated a Waterfronts Com- hoto

P munity for the Class of 2003-2005.

First Stop – Visioning. With the help of contract facilitators, community members developed a vision that addressed protection of the environment and protection of the town’s heritage. Top areas of interest were maintenance of the seafood industry and of the town’s unique character as an historic, small town. Comments ranged from “People don’t want empty

23 Willoughly, L. 1990. Apalachicola Aweigh: Shipping and Seamen at Florida’s Premier Cotton Port. Florida Historical Society: The Florida Historical Quarterly 68(2):179-95. 24 T.A.Herbert & Associates. 1988. The Franklin Fishery Options Report. Prepared for the Franklin County Seafood Task Force, Apala- Graphic: Rosser International chicola Bay Chamber of Commerce for the Florida Department of Community Affairs. Best Practices 21 ------The Scipio ticipates additional funding from FRDAP ticipates additional funding from the end of to complete the project by dock space 2007. The goal is to provide in an for commercial boats to unload the tradi area where tourists can watch tional activities; non-commercial boats will also be able to use the docks. was able to gain points on the applica able to gain points was with the WFPP. tion for its experience Vision. A Complementary expected to complement Creek project is in progress long-term vision the City’s which sits Park, Veterans for nearby that fish houses amidst the waterfront in Apalachicola. The prop line the river purchased and infrastructure was erty from installed through a series of grants (FCT) and the Florida Communities Trust As Development the Florida Recreation the 1980s. (FRDAP) in sistance Program of Apalachicola hopes to begin The City to repair Park construction at Veterans with and expand the linear dock space and Wild from the Florida Fish a grant Commission (FWC) life Conservation for engineering design to that provided money expand the dock area. Additional Manage Emergency from the Federal to pay ment Agency (FEMA) is expected caused by to repair damage to the docks an City Hurricane Dennis in 2005. The Trade, and Economic Development (OT Development and Economic Trade, the Scipio Creek 2005 to move TED) in The City to reality. project from concept - - - - - The City The City

Funding Strate gies. of Apalachicola applied for a $50,000 grant from the Florida Tourism, Office of to make way for way to make both seafood and charter boats. Conceptual site plans developed as part of the WFPP work show proj a 200-acre ect area. Phase I calls for creation of a repair yard for large and small boats; lift maritime ramp; heritage center, and an open-air Phase market. II shows an expanded boat basin and the ad dition of 138 slips configured on 40 foot docks. By 2006 the City of Apala the City By 2006

l nternationa I er oss : R raphic G at the city-owned Scipio Creek Commer at the city-owned the project area cial Boat Basin within The Result. the for a study on contracted chicola had and support facilities expansion of docks condos” to “We know we’re going to know we’re to “We condos” we know the waterfront; to keep want the seafood to keep we’re going to want industry.” Case Study Case Study

Getting a Vision — Mayport Village ayport Village is synonymous with the commercial seafood industry in the Jacksonville-Duval County area of northeast Florida. Shrimp boats and Moffshore charter operations sometimes known as “head boats” or “party boats” share dock space along the shore of the St. Johns River in the community of roughly 400 residents.

The Mayport area has been identified as a candidate for redevelopment or revitalization for some 30 years. The declining community was a prime candidate for revitalization of a traditional waterfront when the State of Florida created the Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program in 1997.

The Visioning. The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program worked with Mayport Village to develop a community based vision in July 1998. Contribu- tors identified the area’s strengths as the fishing industry, recreational fishing, the ferry, historic buildings, and the Marine Science Center. Weaknesses included the lack of sanitary sewer lines, shabby appearance, and traffic flow com

– some of which were identified as problem areas in a 1977 community devel- . opment plan prepared by the City of Jacksonville. erbert - H

Although, Mayport is part of the City of Jacksonville, the fishing vil- am pl lage’s charm sets it apart from the rest of Jacksonville. The present .L www

zoning in the village is not conducive to Mayport’s unique character. : hoto

The Partnership feels that the village will need to have its own zoning P (overlay zone). This new zone will be incorporated into the Mayport Waterfront Revitalization Plan…25 com Nearly 10 years later, the Mayport Waterfronts Partnership continues to meet . monthly at the Waterfronts Partnership office in Mayport that is staffed by the erbert

City of Jacksonville and functions as an advisory group to the City of Jackson- - H

ville and the City of Atlantic Beach, the applicants for the original designation. am pl .L Among other accomplishments, the Waterfronts Partnership worked to estab- www lish a working waterfront overlay in the City of Jacksonville’s Comprehensive : hoto

Plan in 2001; the overlay is to be converted to a separate zoning code and P ordinances for Mayport Village. 25 Mayport Waterfronts Partnership. 1998. The Past..The Present..The Future Mayport Jacksonville: City of Jack- sonville Department of Planning and Development. Best Practices 23 - - -

Daytona Beach, Florida

F A S : P orida l of s rchive tate hoto s t men Get Organized Get Recognize Daytona Beach, Florida it omm Learn to be an Advocate

F A S : P orida l of s rchive tate hoto Daytona Beach, Florida officials who will most likely receive and disperse grant money. money. and disperse grant receive officials who will most likely

he startup team got a job done, you have a vision that foresees a future that reflects ideas and concepts valued by your by valued and concepts a future that reflects ideas a vision that foresees have got a job done, you he startup team map. the basics for a road have and you community,

A S : P F s rchive tate hoto orida l of Some of the questions, concepts, and tools that are commonly associated with each of these tasks are explained here. and tools that are commonly associated with each of these Some of the questions, concepts, men with gaining commitments for waterfront activities commonly associated relationships. Key The goal here is to build sustainable projects are: or other community Think broadly about commitments. Revitalization or renewal of the waterfront will take dedication from a collection of individu dedication from will take the waterfront of or renewal commitments. Revitalization Think broadly about sched planning and of time. The work load of day-to-day an extended period over ideas, time, and resources als who can give the support will need You to hire someone to do the job. so be prepared from volunteers, time available outstrip the uling may of other civic groups to get the cooperation You will need moving. keep things to elected officials and staff of local and regional will need the support of local govern you program, a state-sponsored waterfront group decides to apply to things done. If your T The mission here is to build more work to be done. but there’s process took place in Beginnings; – the visioning Remember the long haul. and over immediately the waterfront to support revitalization of community your commitment within Get Organized Political awareness. Sooner or later Fund-raising. Every community proj- every project will run into the need for ect needs money; revitalization of wa- a permit or other type of governmental terfronts is no different. Studies and Build a Team: a Core and approval. Every board should include at plans may be paid for with grants from an Extended Group least some politically savvy individuals local, state, or federal sources. Capi- who can talk the language of rules and tal improvements may require a more ind out who is interested in wa- regulations. This person may be capable extensive financial commitment and the terfronts in your community – and of helping the group through difficult in- development of cross-organizational Fremember that you do not have to begin teraction if projects require government partnerships. Check for volunteers who from scratch! By now, you have an approvals. know how to get grants and/or perhaps inventory of the uses in the create non-profit organizations waterfront and surrounding that can solicit donations from areas. You probably know the foundations and other pri- locations of most of the busi- All Hands! vate groups. See “Around the nesses along the docks. You Waterfront” in this guidebook. Think ahead! already know the names and Got energy, ideas, time, and an interest in helping your faces of the individuals who participated in the visioning, community? The Waterfronts Committee is looking for Hand-holding and Cheer- and you collected the contact volunteers to help revitalize the Waterfront area. leading. Some services are information – so you have best provided by individuals or some place to start. We’ve got the ball rolling; now all we need is YOU! organizations outside the core group or waterfront partner- Now run a full-page advertise- ship. These persons may be ment in the newspaper or on a Visit www.mywaterfront.org/myhometown for more referred to as hand-holders or local website. Post a notice in information and directions to consultants. Consider hiring a the corner convenience store; years of service to your community. professional to keep the group pass out flyers. Talk up the on target. project – word of mouth is the strongest form of advertising! Culture broker. This person Project management. Revitalization knows how to create a path through reate an inventory of skills and re- of a waterfront generally will consist of organizational and governmental pro- sources needed so that when volun- more than one project, and each proj- cesses to get things done. The individual Cteers appear, you can make the best use ect is likely to have sub-projects. Con- or individuals will have experience in of their talents; consider recruiting at sider individuals with knowledge and the governmental network; he or she least some individuals with these types experience in the methods of project may be willing to share contact informa- of connections or interests, if these skills management a plus. See “Around the tion for key individuals in the regulatory are not evident in the first wave of re- Waterfront” in this guidebook for books, system. sponders. organizations, and software on Project Management.

Best Practices 25

F A S : P orida l of s rchive tate hoto

St. Andrews

Panama City, Florida

San Carlos Island, Florida

com

erbert

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pl am .L

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: : P hoto - - anager - M rogram P a

ire H evitalization of the waterfront takes takes waterfront evitalization of the planning day-to-day commitment to person” and has a “hands sure both Make on” style. pieces of information are in advertise hand before you and setup interviews. same group may be able in the short be able in the same group may to receive eligibility term to expand money to raise and donations or grants events. through community R the beyond that is often and execution Experi job description of a volunteer. – volunteers workers enced community to and professionals – stress the need hire someone full-time to handle these tasks. The be may new employee selected from the group of be pro or may volunteers local government. vided by will need to know who You the salary for this will pay position, sometimes called and manager, a program a will need to develop you job description. Look for someone who is a “people term commitment to the community? It community? to the term commitment beginning. If plans at the is best make organiza create a permanent possible, will want you perhaps over, tion to take group that will a non-profit to create time. The over focus on the waterfront ------roup G the

tructure S munity. Select an organizational an organizational Select munity. tructure the group to fit your com the group to fit tructure on to other pursuits. Who will take the on to other pursuits. Who will take be helm? Will the work on the waterfront or a long- planning exercise a short-term other governing group. The use of sub- group. other governing of committees can reduce the possibility the members among over-commitment group. of your or Get ready for succession. Sooner the founders will get tired or move later, tee roles in the more structured model. tee roles in the more structured as a Some groups use sub-committees ground where newcom of proving type a chance to show their com ers have asked mitment and skills before they’re a place on the existing Board or to take problems – the board does not do the problems – the board does not committees. work of the various join New members or participants may on a or drop out of the organic group continuing basis, while new members be limited to specific sub-commit may style. Other groups establish a Board of Other groups establish style. create sub-committees Directors, then a board member to do the chaired by In such ar work of the organization. meet regu may the Board rangements, reports or field larly to hear progress S best for local expecta model that works Some work groups tions and practices. re structure to satisfy create a formal with funding but quirements associated or organic in a more laissez-faire operate Case Study

Learn to be an Advocate

n advocate is someone who can • Get organized to be a voice for your Get Your Waterfront on plead a case. Learn to be an advo- organization – whether the goal is Acate for the waterfront project. While to improve the waterfront area or to the Map! you know all about your project, chances influence construction of a roadway are many others in the community do through your neighborhood. o ahead! Put your Waterfront Group not. Work schedules and busy lives keep • Be clear about what your organization on the mind map. individuals from attending many meet- wants and intends to do. G ings; make sure you take the time to set You will need the support – and cer- up a number of get-togethers, and invite • Knock on doors in the governmental tainly not the animosity – of the general the public to learn about the vision for arena. public and other community groups. the waterfront. • Ask for support. Communicate – talk with others outside your group “early and often.” Schedule Go back to the map of organizations and • Build reciprocal relationships to mini- get-togethers and invite the public to individuals – including the local govern- mize disruption of your plans. participate. Hold a fish fry! Support local ment officials, staff, and others. Make • Ask for guidance as to how to get seafood or other waterfront festivals. Do appointments with each elected person, things done. something that screams WATERFRONT. then go get acquainted – before you need to ask for a favor. Go to city or • Offer solutions. Get buy-in for the waterfronts revitaliza- county commission or council meetings. • Be prepared to communicate person- tion across organizational lines. Make Become a familiar face, not a face in the to-person with officials, staff, and sure to reach out to all parts of the com- crowd. Keep up with changes in staff; stakeholders outside formal struc- munity, and be prepared to account for the person who favored your program tures such as the visioning process, differences in language – across political may move on to be replaced by some- charettes, and the mass media. and ethnic boundaries and government one with no interest in waterfronts – or, sectors. Recognize the contributions of conversely, the person who created • Learn how to make presentations others, and expect to revise the original obstacles could be replaced by someone – both formal and informal. vision as more people get onboard. In- who is friendly to your topic. Here’s what • Learn how to create a series of “leave volve other groups in the community in you want to do: behinds” – brochures, presentations, the changes at the waterfront. calling cards – so that your group stands out. • Repeat all of the above. Best Practices 27 - - - - -

waterfront prop waterfront continues to erty Separately, climb. independent com mercial fishers a non- organized profit corporation in 2005 to protect access waterfront for off-loading and selling fish and seafood. as the value of as the value

D P C M : P artment p e anning l ounty artin hoto Others are looking 26 http://www.martin.fl.us/GOVT/ artin County government recently adopted a “no net recently adopted a “no net government artin County access for waterfront loss” policy to stem the loss of M from converts as property businesses water-dependent residential uses, requiring develop commercial to private other location of waterfront space at some ers to find a for displaced businesses. equal size in business and marinas stay to help boat yards for ways orida l , F o alern S t or – P y ocac dv accessed August 22, 2006. accessed August A to

up tudy

S ep ort Salerno is situated at the Manatee Pocket, a secluded harbor south of Stuart, Florida, in unincorporated Martin County County Martin in unincorporated of Stuart, Florida, harbor south a secluded Pocket, the Manatee is situated at ort Salerno 20th century, much of the fishing fleet during Known for its Ocean. and the Atlantic Lucie River mouth of the St. near the t Martin County Commissioners. 2005. Comprehensive growth management plan amendment #05-14, commercial waterfront “no net loss” policy. “no net loss” policy. growth management plan amendment #05-14, commercial waterfront Commissioners. 2005. Comprehensive Martin County

26 depts/leg/ords/ord687.pdf, influence changes proposed for nearby Florida Route A1A. Next leaders lobbied commissioners to establish Port Salerno as part Port Salerno as to establish Next leaders lobbied commissioners Route A1A. Florida proposed for nearby influence changes gov learned how to negotiate with members community time, Agency (CRA). Over Redevelopment Community of the county’s raise fish fries to data to support requests; held They learned to collect groups of stakeholders. with diverse ernment and work learned the activists also Committee. Community Neighborhood Advisory with the CRA’s involved up to stay and signed money, Salerno. Port for support for the projects of others in exchange the need to support and came to recognize fine art of politicking P water-dependent and other the commercial fishing industry yet years, in recent to an art gallery converted the last fish house presence at the waterfront. charter boats retain a visible and off-shore facility, a marina, dry-storage users including the route to water Class of 2001-2003; however, a member of the Florida Community, Waterfronts Salerno is a designated Port then to in the mid-1990s to oppose, came together organizers Community and protection began with roads. front revitalization S ase

: P : P F C S A D hoto ing s i l ommercia erno l a ort uthority ock C Case Study

A Tale of Two Committees

ayport Village and San Carlos Island are synonymous with seafood and fishing in Florida. Shrimp boats and offshore charters share dock space near the Mmouth of the St. Johns River near Jacksonville; shrimp boats line the waterfront at San Carlos off mainland Lee County. Mayport Village and San Carlos Island partnerships were among the first waterfront designated waterfronts communities in Florida. Yet the style and structure of the two organizations differs widely, designed to fit the needs of the individual communities.

Mayport Village

The Mayport Waterfronts Partnership formed shortly after designation as a Waterfronts Florida Community. Up to 25 persons can serve at one time on the board of the Mayport Waterfronts Partnership. After nearly a decade, the group meets monthly at the Waterfronts Partnership office in Mayport and functions as an advisory group to the City of com . Jacksonville, which provides program management sup-

erbert port, and the City of Atlantic Beach. Few if any of the board - H members are residents of Mayport. Special topic meetings am pl

.L are scheduled on an as-needed basis; workshops are held

www on special topics. The Waterfronts Partnership, in its advi- : sory capacity with the City of Jacksonville, conducts public hoto P hearings on Mayport-related issues, as required.

Sub-committees are appointed on an as-needed basis. While special topic groups must be chaired by a member of the Board, the committees provide a point-of- entry to the official process for other community members. Committee work can provide a track toward service on the board. The now-retired Zoning Subcommit-

tee worked to develop an ordinance and zoning overlay to protect waterfront uses com . in this tiny village that faces increasing pressure from condo development. One current committee is working to install a marker at Historic Old Mayport Cemetery erbert - H

Memorial, while another group just organized to develop a landscape plan for a am pl roadway easement. .L www

: San Carlos Island, Florida hoto P Best Practices 29 - - - - - oning options specific to the water oning options specific to the sland I arlos C an

. H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto he San Carlos Island Waterfronts Partnership reflects an evolutionary path to organizational struc organizational path to an evolutionary reflects Partnership Island Waterfronts he San Carlos which Association, and Homeowners Carlos Business the San was function. The foundation ture and The goal is to maintain working relationships within the community. The San Carlos group does not work not does group Carlos San The community. the withinrelationships working maintain is to goal The stepped members have individual community the years over committee structure, yet through a formal create and Center; The Waterfront area; sponsor workshops by hire consultants to study the to forward shrimping docks; and create z regularly lead tours of the commercial front community. T the mid-1990s, Areas in Redevelopment 11 Community of one of Lee County’s formed the nucleus Car San More recently, Florida program. Waterfronts the area for participation in the which positioned Corporation. Redevelopment as a Community los has been designated pro that businesses operate own or or residents Carlos San are members board the of most Historically, water- types of other fishing, recreational, and support to commercial or provide cess and sell seafood can expect to be in official formal structure, participants While the group maintains an dependent uses. in the decision. attends the meetings participates Whoever simply volunteering. by cluded immediately The Three Ps — Planning, Partnering, and Performance

ove into action! Planning, Partnering, and Performance will be critical to change at the waterfront. You will need to define a long-term plan that includes how-to strategies to manage the host of individual projects that contribute to the grand Mscheme known as the Revitalization of the Waterfront. Likewise, you will need to find partners – many hands make light work – and you will need to perform to get the job(s) done.

The goal here is to stay on target. Key activities commonly associated with the 3 Ps are:

Planning for Success Partnering Performance

Some of the questions, concepts, and tools that are commonly associated with each of these tasks are explained here. s rchitect A chner ir s - K ack s on

: J Olde Eau Gallie, Florida hoto P Best Practices 31 ------in “Best hallenges C Beginnings for

lanning P hink strategically. Who might oppose Who hink strategically. at some at the waterfront changes throughout the life of the program. viduals or groups mount a legal chal viduals or groups to defend the commu lenge? Be ready of the waterfront, vision developed nity other points be willing to understand yet opposing point of outsider, The of view. better. a project view can make of looking at things. ways Expand your common to the busi tools Investigate and ness arena that foster recognition analysis of the potential for problems to revi within and outside of the effort doing a SWOT Try the waterfront. talize Steer analysis (see next page) with the of a Force ing Committee; use the frame to consid Field Analysis (see next page) work for or against er what forces may project; check out the the waterfront page technique known as Six Hats (see a 360- 33), that helps the group develop at degree view of the project or topic back to hand. Reach tech to revisit brainstorming Practices” ideas, only this time niques to generate or ideas will emerge within a pre-defined as necessary focused structure. Repeat T process? point in the implementation Might these indi Anticipate the issues. - - Who will develop a scope of services? a Who will develop – ad find the consultant How will you recom accept word-of-mouth vertise, mendations? a have local government Does your with for contracting defined process professionals? require a specific grant Does your method for contracting? a scope of services Who will develop and/or scope of work? What are the expectations of your group for hiring consultants? those persons manage How will you outside or companies that provide expertise? of the the quality judge How will you work? See “Around the Waterfront” in this the Waterfront” See “Around and guidebook for books, organizations, on Project Management. software • • • • • • • • neers, and researchers. Here are some Here are some researchers. neers, and use outside you to consider if questions consultants: ------rojects P the

for

ng lanni P lanning P he Waterfronts project may be the project may he Waterfronts to work to first opportunity group’s tives – plan for projects and plan for for projects and – plan tives ook at planning from two perspec from two ook at planning aged in its own right and coordinated aged in its own right and coordinated You within the larger scheme of things. will be working with planners, engi group. Make sure your program manager program sure your Make group. has basic skills in project management; as an option. consider training smaller Most projects consist of many man projects, each of which must be Committee will still need to understand Committee will still need to understand If a flow of events. and direct the overall does not project manager is not hired or start emerge from the list of volunteers, training to get some looking for ways in the for one or more of the individuals T hired a full-time program If you gether. the process should be easier, manager, someone to tend to will have since you tasks the nuts and bolts of day-to-day the Steering and scheduling; however, rately, the group will need to consider the group will need to consider rately, and changes to and plan for challenges vision for the waterfront. the overall L the group will On one hand, challenges. indi identify program, plan the overall to be expected may vidual projects that vision, then breakout contribute to the that must be accom the steps or tasks Sepa things happen. plished to make Tool Tips Tool Tips

SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses The SWOT analysis sets up a structured process that can be used to consider the waterfront vision or other topics by its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportuni- ties, and Threats (SWOT). First envi-

sion the Strengths and Weaknesses that INTERNAL might occur either within the group, a project, or the long-term vision; focus on a single level of the organization at Opportunities Threats a time. Next identify the Opportunities and Threats that might occur outside the group. Record the data. Use this method to discover new perspectives – then put the information to work in the planning process. Use the SWOT as an exercise EXTERNAL for your committee or advisory group. See “Around the Waterfront” in this guidebook for more detail.

Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis

Strictly speaking, a Force Field Analysis Desired Outcome Status Quo

provides a framework for thinking about Restraints - Change Against Forces what forces might support/drive or undermine/restrain revitalization of the waterfront. The planners or group members identify the forces, then try to figure out ways to strengthen the support or reduce restrictions. Again, record the data, and use the information accordingly. Forces for Change - Drivers Revitalization of the Waterfront Best Practices 33 - - , or political See “Around the Waterfront” in in the Waterfront” See “Around specific links this guidebook for analysis, Force on the SWOT the Six Field Analysis, and your Hats. Begin to develop on these own set of resources Check the and other tools. information Internet for more Field Analysis, Force on SWOT, your and Six Hats. Develop tech of these own versions niques. Negative Aspects Negative Creativity Emotions Feelings, of the Six Hats Exercise Administration Focus on Facts on Focus Aspects Positive artnerships P - - ips ats T artners are individuals and organizations that share a common interest and are willing to contribute financial, staff that share a common interest and are willing to contribute artners are individuals and organizations resources to accomplish a goal. H ix ool ernment officials and other members of the community including the owners and operators of businesses, groups such as the of businesses, groups such and operators including the owners of the community ernment officials and other members mind map under a node on your associations. Each of these groups warrants and environmental Chamber of Commerce, industry contact manager. and a record in your “Partnerships” (NOAA) partners with other agencies to focus on the waterfronts; in New Hampshire, 11 agencies partner or form a coalition to in New Hampshire, 11 agencies partner or to focus on the waterfronts; (NOAA) partners with other agencies decision-making; in Florida, the watershed to enhance in the coastal and scientific concepts to local communities training take in coastal areas to create small wins and to foster partners with individual communities Program Florida Partnership Waterfronts capacity. organizational long-term grassroots gov of relationships with in the development are practiced By now you community. in your Bring partnerships to the waterfront P in a shorter period – partner on a routine basis to get more done for the money and governmental Large organizations – private Administration and Atmospheric the National Oceanographic level, the federal or process. At of time or to get a better product thinking. Hat to think about the negative aspects the negative Hat to think about all members of of the project. Similarly, to think opportunity the group get the emo feelings and Separately, positively. banned from the work tions – sometimes implementation – are of planning and Hat round of during the Red legitimized works to make sure that everyone has sure that everyone make works to the responsibility and the opportunity about a topic or proj to think broadly group needs to be ect. No one in the the role of the naysayer; into locked Black a turn with the takes everyone S Six Hats exercise DeBono’s Edward T Case Study

each out. Look for local non-profit Small Wins organizations, even if the waterfront Ris not the mission of the group. Find out hink in terms of success. Small who in local government makes deci- wins are building blocks. Prioritize sions about sidewalks and other “parts” Tyour projects to accomplish one or of the waterfront. Learn about the De- more highly visible outcomes early in com partment of Transportation in your state the work to revitalize the waterfront. . for ideas on how to improve and beautify Some communities build a boardwalk, erbert road access to your community. others create nature walks and put - H

up signs, while others create bro- am pl .L chures to inform other parts of the www community about the waterfront or : hoto

conduct tours of the waterfront. Vary P the scale, the scope, and the timing of projects. You will want to avoid overloading the group’s human and financial resources.

Get a track record. Look for something that the group can get done in a short period of time with little or no out-of-pocket financial commitment. Make sure the community can see the project Performance – preferably several times a day. ost projects consist of many small Small wins are com

projects. You will need to priori- . intended to be the Mtize the individual projects and plan the

building blocks for erbert

steps for each project. Break each proj- - H success of larger

ect into manageable bites. Get commit- am pl

endeavors. Show the .L tee members and others in the commu-

community-at-large www Vilano Beach, Florida nity to take on specific responsibilities or : that your first blocks assignments. Have the hired-manager hoto are in place. P track tasks for problems, completion, and quality. Revise, revise, revise. Best Practices 35 ------. , accessed August 21, 2006 , accessed August

ley Park, the site of the annual the site of the annual ley Park, to include Festival, Blue Crab equipment. Beyond playground the partnership the local level financial assistance from received NOAA through the Florida Coastal for water Management Program front planning and implementa tion projects. The partnering process stretched financial and resources that allowed volunteer group to Waterfronts the Panacea accomplish a series of highly vis projects. ible community

. H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto voked by Constitutional amendment in Florida, amendment in Florida, Constitutional by voked

anacea Waterfronts Florida Partnership was established in 2003 after nearly established in 2003 was Florida Partnership anacea Waterfronts on at-large community that included getting the of preparation three years — P of a vision, and setting up the or development board for change at the waterfront; so that others set small, visual projects as a top priority ganization. The Partnership Wakul wide Keep with county see the change. They worked could in the community alongside industrial concrete wall an and transform la Beautiful to sponsor cleanups The group part 98 into a colorful mosaic depicting local coastal scenes. Highway and others to turn government, Committee, local Festival nered with the Blue Crab With the help of the center. welcome into a waterfront a defunct seafood restaurant at Wool expanded improvements Partnership Ladies of the Moose, the Waterfronts www.eflorida.com/countyprofiles/populationgrowth.asp?level1=3&level2=127&level3=338 tnering ar P by

27 one D ore tudy M S t anacea straddles U.S. 98, the two-lane east-west coastal highway that crosses the Florida Panhandle. The unincorporated The unincorporated that crosses the Florida Panhandle. coastal highway 98, the two-lane east-west U.S. anacea straddles grow of Florida and the 58th fastest in the State growing county Florida, the sixth fastest County, is in Wakulla community e anacea se Enterprise Florida. Fastest Growing Florida Counties. Growing Florida Enterprise Florida. Fastest

27 be in Florida,” signaling a shift in image for the rural county that once promoted itself as a “sportsman’s paradise.” Wakulla fish Wakulla paradise.” “sportsman’s that once promoted itself as a county for the rural signaling a shift in image be in Florida,” in in 1994 after the “net ban” experienced dislocations ers and fish processors Florida program. Waterfronts a potential candidate for the making the area P in the U.S. ing county place to itself as “the natural advertises Wakulla Today, century. spring spa in the early 20th the site of a mineral was Panacea G P : : P . H - .L www hoto com erbert pl am C Case Study Case Study

Model of Performance — St. Andrews

t. Andrews sits beside St. Andrews Bay in Panama City just off U.S. 98 in the Florida Panhandle. The community is comprised of a collection of residential and business uses that includes a 102-slip marina for recreational and commercial boats Sand a waterfront restaurant; a waterfront mid-rise condominium joined the setting in 2006.

St. Andrews was among the first three Waterfronts Florida Partnership communities designated by the Florida Department of Community Affairs in 1997. The community had already completed a vision sponsored by a grant from the Florida Coastal Management Program. Nearly 10 years later the list of accomplishments is long and includes visible wins such as the location of a police sub-station at St. Andrews to establish law enforcement in an area of vacant buildings and questionable activities; construction of a waterfront boardwalk, and work with the Florida Department of Transportation to negotiate roadway and landscape improvements.

he St. Andrews partnership is considered a model of success among communities working to revitalize waterfront areas. On an organizational level, St. Andrews models best practices that include the use of the original vision as a guiding docu- Tment; annual checkups to consider accomplishments and places to improve; willingness to reprioritize; and a regular process to “revise” the waterfront to catch up with current realities. At the management level, the full-time project director, described by others as a “people person,” provides a day-to-day “face” at the city-owned partnership office and a presence on the street and at events. The director keeps current with real and rumored plans for development in St. Andrews and works to encourage proposals for change that fits the expectations and design standards of the aterfrontw community. com . erbert - H am pl .L www : hoto P Best Practices 37 - - - ility ainab Succession t Make Connections us Keep Up with Current Events

S Kings Bay • Crystal River, Florida

P . H - .L : hoto com erbert pl am www et’s assume your community’s vision is now a reality. The waterfront may look physically different – old buildings have been been have different – old buildings look physically may The waterfront reality. vision is now a community’s assume your et’s the In some communities, installed, the docks refurbished. in place, the boardwalk new buildings are or razed, renovated Some of the questions, concepts, and tools that are commonly associated with each of these tasks are explained here. and tools that are commonly associated with each of these Some of the questions, concepts, The remaining question is – how does your community protect the investment of time and money that it took to create this of time and money that it investment protect the community is – how does your The remaining question sustain this enterprise do to make What can you and builds goodwill? revenue, jobs, generates provides masterpiece which able? or protected water of a revitalized sustainability commonly associated with activities as a process. Key Think of Sustainability front project are: L height of to limit the local government been created by and ordinances have overlays be more subtle – zoning changes may tax is property addressed have may initiatives Ballot of a working waterfront. or retain the feel and the reality new structures at the waterfront. businesses the place of traditional sues that threatened Succession Learn about the financial benefits of a Regardless of the method, your group non-profit. Such a group can develop needs to consider how to sustain com- access to funding sources beyond those munity interest in the waterfront. any of us do not like to think about available to unincorporated groups or lo- the time when someone else will cal governments. Mtake the helm, yet planning for succes- Keep Up with Current sion is a necessary part of the waterfront eparately, elected officials might Events program if the work will last beyond the choose an institutional path to sus- commitment of a few individuals. The tainability at the waterfront. Local gov- xpect the project area to change business of sustainability is made easier S ernment may create a special district or over time. The waterfronts non-prof- if someone or some group takes charge some other type of tax increment financ- it or advisory group can monitor events after the initial work is complete. E ing mechanism to finance continued and stay involved in the politics of the work. See “Around the Waterfront” in waterfront. The idea is to keep up with Succession will be a “next step,” if this guidebook for further information on current events, not to micro-manage. planned at the beginning of this endeav- tax increment financing. Is the real estate market active? Have or. Perhaps your group incorporated as properties changed hands? If so, has any a non-profit corporation with a mission Some communities simply add water- one talked with or applied for amend- to sustain the waterfront in the com- fronts to the list of appointed advisory ments to the waterfront ordinances just munity for water-dependent purposes groups that provide input to councils, established? Are there any plans afoot to or for economic development. If so, you commissions, or boards. Such groups undo the changes that have been agreed will already be familiar with the power of may be responsible for identifying new to? Any intent to change the character of such an organization to become a focal projects and grants to fund the work. the waterfront? point for elected and appointed officials; to attract grants, and/or to seek donations. If your group has not formalized the organization, get started with the research that will be needed to investigate the possibility of creating a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation.

ook around for models. Chances are non-profits already exist in your com- Lmunity; these groups are just focused

on a different mission. Ask other com- com munity leaders how they established a . non-profit to carry on after key individu- erbert - H als stepped aside. Such an organization am pl could keep the waterfront in the fore- .L www front of public thinking for years to come Everglades City, Florida : – making the overall mission and goal of hoto your work sustainable. P

Best Practices 39

. H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto - - - - San Carlos Island, Florida n Florida, the Waterfronts Florida Part Florida the Waterfronts n Florida, workshops sponsors Program nership ested in waterfront topics. The Quarterly topics. The ested in waterfront include Managers meetings Program network and opportunities for speakers folk and are open ing with like-minded Look for similar to the public-at-large. and state. community in your events the Wa “Around connected. See Stay terfront” in this guidebook for further information on events. overlays and ordinances held up in the held up and ordinances overlays pressures? face of development I for persons inter on a quarterly basis ------Guide ions onnect C ake M , should be populated with a num , should be populated tay connected to broader waterfront waterfront to broader connected tay and conferences Attend interests.

What worked best, what did not work at What worked own best all? Capture and pass on your practices. Look back at other models for revitaliza What “solutions” tion or preservation. zoning tried? Have other groups have book and communities ber of organizations Take in waterfronts. with an interest your of the Internet; research advantage – from time-to-time topic – waterfronts and look for new to update information out for new an eye opportunities. Keep solutions for the wa issues and for new terfront. Create a peer group amongst communi protect water or ties trying to revitalize front areas. Learn to mentor individuals in im and organizations with an interest communi in their the waterfront proving and/or a ties. Create an advisory group Sponsor a “Friends of the Waterfront.” on your workshop or series of workshops area. in your or waterfronts waterfront organi Create a network of like-minded zations. become a how-to may waterfront Your get start model for others. How did you group? your organize ed? How did you S mind map, your workshops. By now, in the started in “Beginnings” ------ssuming your group or its successor or its successor group your ssuming original the to back go business, in is rom a different perspective, watch watch rom a different perspective, For for adaptation at the waterfront. sand cuts.” Small changes can under sand cuts.” hard work. your mine the benefits of tion? the waterfront it a mission to keep Make achieved. visible after the initial vision is that the opposite of “small Remember thou a wins” is the infamous “death by F example, what happens if commercial lose a spot fishing or charter operations dis businesses the Do waterfront? the at can the appear or can they adapt? How adapta successor organization support to corresponding changes in require of buildings in coast ments for elevation state building codes al areas. Separately, in areas subject to be in transition may wind damage from hurricanes. ry system that may alter the use or look alter ry system that may example, have For of the waterfront. perhaps from the Federal rules, federal Agency (FEMA), Emergency Management in touch with individuals changed? Stay who monitor public and organizations lead Changes in flood maps may policy. met its goals and objectives? What are What are and objectives? met its goals the Does year? for the next the priorities need to re-vision group or its successors the waterfront? on changes in the regulato an eye Keep A Has the group an annual basis. vision on Case Study Case Study

Protecting a Traditional Community — The Village of Cortez

he Historic Village of Cortez is lo- to get the job done, but not so many planning and from a local initiative that cated in Manatee County to the west meetings that people stopped coming. began before Waterfronts Florida. From Tof Bradenton, Florida, near the Gulf of a planning perspective, the Waterfronts Mexico. The people of Cortez are known The visioning confirmed that the people group worked with Manatee County for taking charge of their destiny; they of Cortez wanted the community to re- to develop a special set of overlays to conducted a visioning exercise years main the same. They did not want gated preserve Cortez. The area was already before the practice became accepted communities; they did not want houses subject to an historic overlay or special and worked through government pro- or other building that would block the zoning category within the county com- cesses to attain designation as a Na- view of the water. In short, they wanted prehensive plan, but the provision was tional Historic District. More recently, the Cortez to remain their home, not a desti- generic and did not address the needs of citizenry joined with Waterfronts Florida nation for tourists. After all, Cortez had a fishing village where boats and other and Manatee County planners to cre- maintained itself as a fishing village from fishing paraphernalia are a common ate a local approach to protecting the generation to generation. site. Separately, the owner of a local fish area’s heritage as a fishing community, company established a 501(c)(3) non- in part as a response to a proposal that ikewise, the Waterfronts Committee profit corporation – Florida Institute for would have installed cottage-style resort crafted a work style that fit with the Saltwater Heritage (FISH) – to purchase condominiums amidst traditional coastal Lcommunity. Meetings were informal and waterfront land slated for development. cottages, crab traps, boats, trailers, and inclusive; anyone who showed up had FISH provides an organizational struc- fish houses. a vote. The committee did not want to ture that can be used to sustain a focus sacrifice input and buy in. The primary on the waterfront. Cortez entered the Waterfronts program difference between the elected officers in the Class of 1999-2001. The commu- and the rest of the community was that nity formed a committee and the county the officers were expected to installed a full-time project manager who show up all of the time; other worked out of an office at Cortez. participants could come and go. Meetings were sometimes fol- The Vision. The community based lowed by pot-luck suppers. Sub- Project Manager worked with the people committees worked to find an com to survey resources and come up with a artist to commemorate fishermen .

vision based on local values. The series lost at sea or in military service, erbert of visioning meetings were informal and or the reconstruction of a dock. - H am pl

planned to fit local schedules. Cookies or .L

other kinds of food were always served. Protection. The Village of Cortez www : The intent was to have enough meetings benefits from Manatee County hoto P Capstone 41 28 , accessed August 3, 2006, and Resources for Teaching and Learning – Outcomes and Learning for Teaching 3, 2006, and Resources , accessed August

stone Noun. • , accessed August 3, 2006. , accessed August

http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=capstone Finishing touch; integration of knowledge, Finishing touch; integration

www.scc.spokane.edu/assessment/define.htm Cap concepts, and experience fromconcepts, and experience within a program. Adapted from WordNet Search – 2.1. Adapted from WordNet

28 College. – Spokane Community apstone f the whole business of revitalizing the waterfront C– from Beginnings through Succession – sounds daunting, look around for help. Remember that New York, New Hampshire, and Maine operate community outreach programs to help local areas with Iwaterfront and coastal planning. Florida communities can turn to the Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program which works with coastal communities to revitalize or preserve local waterfronts.

Each of these programs has something in common. Simply put, communities sometimes need a jump start – some help with getting started, finding a focus, developing a plan for action, and getting things done. Each of these programs has a systematic method that together with staff support can move a community from talk to revitalization. See “Around the Waterfront” in this guidebook for additional information on programs in other states.

The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program works with designated communities over a two-year period, helping them get organized, create a vision and a plan, and move toward implementation. The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program brings technical assistance, grants, partnerships with other agencies, and subject matter expertise to coastal areas. Under the WFPP method each community creates an advisory board, hires a program manager, and develops what is known as a special area management plan (SAMP) for the waterfront of interest. The SAMP becomes the blueprint for long-term revitalization with some projects identified for completion during the two-year period of designation.

The SAMPs reflect each community’s vision of a revitalized waterfront. Waterfronts Florida guides communities to include within the plan four goals that are considered critical to revitalization in coastal areas. These priorities are:

Environmental/Cultural Resources Hazard Mitigation Public Access Traditional Waterfront Economies

Each of these themes is discussed here and illustrated by case studies. Please also visit the Waterfronts Florida website at www. dca.state.fl.us/fdcp/DCP/waterfronts/waterfrontresources.cfm for specific examples of how Waterfronts Florida communities have implemented these themes through their Comprehensive Plan’s goals, objectives, and policies as well as through their land development regulations. com . erbert - H am pl .L www : Mayport, Florida hoto P Capstone 43 -

- Port Salerno Port

Ï Ï

Riverfront Old Eau Gallie Gallie Eau Old

Martin Oak Hill Oak Palm Beach Broward St. Lucie Indian River

Miami-Dade Brevard

Partnership Daytona Beach Beach Daytona

Ï Ï Vilano Beach Vilano Okeechobee Monroe Ï Ï

Osceola

Mayport Fernandina Beach Fernandina Monroe Monroe County Hendry Volusia Glades Seminole Flagler Collier Ï Ï Highlands St. Johns Orange Ï Ï ★ Lee Lake Charlotte Putnam Polk Duval

Clay Hardee

DeSoto Nassau Ï Ï Sumter Marion P r o g r a m Bradford Baker Manatee Hillsborough Union Citrus Sarasota Pasco Alachua Hernando

Pinellas Ï

Ï Columbia P Gilchrist Ï Ï

Ï ★ Ï

Levy San Carlos San Hamilton Suwannee Dixie

Lafayette Cortez Madison

Taylor

Jefferson

Crystal River Crystal

Old Homosassa Old Leon Beach Bradenton

Wakulla Ï Ï Panacea Gadsden Franklin Liberty Ï Ï Gulf Calhoun Jackson ★ Bay Washington Ï could not be located elsewhere. Many of elsewhere. Many could not be located uses while still critical these traditional and recreational fish for the commercial moved industries have ing and boating off the waterfront. adjacent to the water. In bygone years, years, In bygone to the water. adjacent ice house, piers, warehouses, the docks, build facilities, boat ship repair freezers, and the streets and ers, and traders access to the water alleys that provided Ï

Holmes Apalachicola Walton

★ Port St. Joe St. Port -

Okaloosa St. Andrews St. Vilano Beach Oak Hill Old Eau Gallie Riverfront Old Homosassa Panacea Port Salerno St. Andrews San Carlos Village of Bagdad City of Bradenton Beach City of Fernandina Beach Beach City of Ft. Walton City of Port St. Joe Apalachicola Cortez Crystal River Daytona Beach Partnership Mayport -

★ Santa Rosa Santa Escambia GRADUATE COMMUNITIES GRADUATE THE WATERFRONTS FLORIDA PARTNERSHIP THE WATERFRONTS 2005-2007 COMMUNITIES

Affairs PARTNERSHI Ft. Walton Beach Walton Ft. FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF Community

★ Bagdad Ï Ï - - - Visitors, Traditional Traditional Traditional Waterfront Economies. economies typi waterfront dependent cally are water uses that require locations such areas for open space, parks, and such areas for open inun that can stand periodic walkways or no damage. Docks dation with little little or no receive and piers may are properly moored damage if boats Waterfront during storms. or removed open projects near inlets, should dunes, or beaches operated be planned and for minimal impact to dunes and vegetation. Public Access. and commercial vendors, need access to operators and parking at waterfront areas. Publicly sponsored projects require access for public to enjoy the general a the amenities offered by park or promenade. Public ly sponsored projects that commer private envision cial components will also require access via parking or buses. areas, trams sible engineering and architectural and architectural sible engineering winds to withstand design standards for flood haz Planning and flooding. be as simple as not building ards may designating but rather the waterfront

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- - - lorida rogram F tems P I Waterfront areas Waterfront riority P aterfronts ip artnersh W P Waterfront revitalization projects must Waterfront zones consider requirements in flood and must be built to the highest pos Waterfront areas may also be subject to also be subject areas may Waterfront archaeological studies. Hazard Mitigation. and floods are subject to inundation by events. storm surges during hurricane Corps of Engineers should be involved Corps of Engineers should be involved cul at the planning stages. Similarly, resources might be present at the tural In area under consideration. waterfront areas, buildings 50-100 older waterfront old can be subject to historical re years or preservation. views before renovation talization could focus on enhancement talization could focus on enhancement of or protection or require alteration way, these existing resources. Either such regulatory permitting agencies as the Florida Department of Environ Army mental Protection and the U.S. Waterfront projects are by definition projects are by Waterfront areas. sensitive within environmentally include resources may Environmental for shell approved areas shallow water sea grasses or areas with fish harvesting areas manatees. Upland frequented by revi include wetlands. Waterfront may Environmental/Cultural Resources. Environmental/Cultural Case Study

Planning for Protection. The committee also worked with WFPP staff, the Citrus County plan- Protecting the Environment ning staff, and a loose-knit collection of other community groups to create the Old Homosassa Area Redevelopment Plan, which since has been and ultural esources referenced in the Future Land Use Element of the ld Homosassa C and the Village of R munity conducted two visioning sessions Citrus County Comprehensive Plan. Next they Cortez occupy waterfront areas and agreed that it wanted to: developed the Old Homosassa Special Overlay Oalong the Gulf of Mexico on the Florida District which provides standards for design Peninsula. Old Homosassa is located in of new and renovation construction; building an unincorporated area of Citrus County; • Preserve the character of the to lot-size ratios, and surface and storm water Cortez is located in an unincorporated community management systems to protect water quality area of Manatee County. Both communi- in the Homosassa River and nearby creeks and • Protect the environment ties are beset by encroachment acceler- streams. The Overlay was adopted by the Citrus ated by the real estate boom. • Promote uniform development and County Commission in July 2005. The aesthetic redevelopment standards apply to non-residential structures, Old Homosassa however, the environmental standards and con- • Promote pedestrian connectivity and ventions regarding coverage of lots are manda- public access to the river Old Homosassa sits at the end of a tory for all properties.29 two lane road just off U.S. 19 near the • Support the commercial fishing Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park. industry Single family homes, an old style waterfront inn, low rise motels, and art galleries cluster among live oak trees draped The Community Look. Unincorporated with Spanish moss. Waterfront restau- areas are sometimes hard to identify rants hug the water’s edge; boat ramps as a community or “brand” given the offer access for recreational boats, and absence of welcome signs commonly several fish houses maintain a place at associated with cities and towns. Visitors com the waterfront for commercial fishermen are left to interpret such areas by visible .

who catch grouper in the offshore areas trappings such as boats, crab traps, or erbert and stone crabs, blue crabs, and mullet art galleries. The Old Homosassa Wa- - H am pl

nearshore and inshore. terfronts group used grant money and .L

county support to finance the design and www : Community Work. Old Homosassa ap- construction of a sign to identify the area Old Homosassa, Florida hoto plied for and received the Waterfronts and a covered kiosk to describe the com- P Florida Community status in the class of munity’s important features and history. 2001-2003. A Steering Committee was 29 See “‘Old Homosassa’ Area Redevelopment Plan - Standards” at appointed and a Citrus County planner www.bocc.citrus.fl.us/commdev/old_homosassa_overlay_rev.pdf for an example of language used for an overlay district in a coastal area (ac- served as Program Manager. The com- cessed August 21, 2006). Capstone 45

. H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto - Cortez, Florida National Humanities Council National Block Grant Development Community Foundation Selby Ocean Trust for the Humanities Florida Endowment Trust Florida Communities Service US Fish and Wildlife National Estuary Pro Bay Sarasota gram nual seafood festival. nual seafood festival. • • • • • • • • raise In addition, FISH and other groups the an money from donations and from require funds. Grants have been received been received have funds. Grants require that include: from sources - - - -

31 - www.co.manatee. Some 20 years after after Some 20 years The Waterfronts com The Waterfronts for an example of language used f See “Design Guidelines, Vision Plan, and Land De See “Design Guidelines, Vision Plan, and Land 31 Cortez Village Historical Code Information, velopment District” at and Archeological Overlay fl.us/documents/planning/CortezVillageDesignGuidelines VisionPlanLDCInfo.pd for concepts and language used for an historical overlay 21, 2006). district (accessed August volunteer work or county resources; yet resources; yet work or county volunteer and renovations hard goods, property, Persistent People. People. Persistent the Historical Society the formation of of FISH, after incorporation and 15 years Museum at Cortez the Florida Maritime of 2006 to a home in the summer moved Cortez Vil 1912 in the newly renovated building will house a lage School. The on commercial fish permanent collection exhibits, an room for changing ing, have Burton auditorium, and classrooms. The for Store, which functioned waterside as the primary point of access to years be of roads, will Cortez before the advent perch atop a from its temporary moved to a position next to the museum. trailer the In addition to the historic structures, non- people of Cortez, through the FISH waterfront profit, purchased adjacent it from development. to save property Paying the Way. establish to community the helped mittee a long term plan, and a vision, develop get the Cortez Vision Plan into eventually Land Use Code. the Manatee County by Much of the work has been financed the village to situate a museum for the museum for the to situate a the village These same fishing industry. commercial together in 1999 people came groups of and Florida Community as a Waterfronts and plan. a long-term vision created ------Key indi Key 30 Cortez has a long The visioning exercise exercise The visioning The Village of Cortez

Allen, Roger B. 2006. Cortez Abstract. Personal Communication. Personal 2006. Cortez Abstract. B. Allen, Roger 30 tions created the Florida Institute for Saltwater for Saltwater tions created the Florida Institute Heritage (FISH) in 1991 to find a site within to encroachment from development. local organiza viduals and members of several special unique Florida Fishing Village” in reaction special unique Florida Fishing Village” Village Historical Society formed in 1984 to “pre formed in 1984 to Village Historical Society the history and protect the future of this serve and traditions of commercial fishing. The Cortez of commercial and traditions particularly the newcomers that flood the coastal particularly the newcomers that by provided areas of Florida – about the service of Cortez and other coastal communities have have of Cortez and other coastal communities the public – struggled since the 1970s to educate history of community participation. The Village participation. history of community Community of Activists. and a closer look at the details of how this com and a closer look at the details itself. manages to preserve munity tional working waterfront, returns for an encore tional working waterfront, The Village of Cortez, introduced earlier for its The Village of Cortez, introduced tradi than change the to sustain rather ability

future developers intend to deviate from adopted intend to deviate future developers standards. may be used as the basis of legal challenges if be used as the may ing heights. The overlay provides a foundation provides overlay ing heights. The of Old Homosassa and for long-term protection mission to exceed adopted restrictions for build adopted restrictions mission to exceed and adoption of the overlay district but reacti the overlay and adoption of per requested recently when developers vated Separately, the Waterfronts group became inac group became the Waterfronts Separately, plan of the redevelopment after completion tive opportunities to create a vision for their areas. a vision for their to create opportunities rus County. Other communities in unincorporated unincorporated communities in Other rus County. requested since have Citrus County areas of conducted in Old Homosassa was a first for Cit a first for was in Old Homosassa conducted Foreseeing the Future. Foreseeing Case Study

Waterfront Hazard Mitigation Strategies lorida is subject to the dangers of remove abandoned or “derelict” vessels wind, storm surge, flooding, and from waterways; raze or secure aban- Fshoreline erosion associated with the doned buildings, and encourage water- hurricanes that have become all too front businesses to plan ahead for how familiar in coastal areas over the last and where to secure boats, install re-

decade. The 2004 and 2005 hurricane movable docks, or otherwise take action p er iverkee seasons brought multiple disasters to to reduce risk to property and personal R coastal and inland areas of states along safety. a l achico the Gulf of Mexico. Coastal communities p have begun to ask “when,” not “if” they The Waterfronts Florida Partnership Eastpoint, Florida : A hoto

will be subject to major storms. Program provides speakers and training P as part of its Quarterly Program Manager Hazard mitigation is defined as “…any Meetings to raise community aware- action taken to permanently reduce or ness of hazard mitigation as a priority eliminate long-term risk to people and for planning. The Florida Department of their property from the effects of haz- Community Affairs provides a series of ards…”32 Hazards by definition refer to guidebooks that address hazard mitiga- risk to humans and human-valued prop- tion from a land use planning perspec- erties. tive. See “Around the Waterfront” in this guidebook for additional information on current and forthcoming titles. Hazard Mitigation at the Waterfront Looking for Solutions com .

Several Waterfronts Florida Communities erbert Coastal communities can take action to and other coastal areas are exploring - H

reduce local hazards. Some local gov- am pl

approaches to reduce or eliminate dam- .L ernments are adding hazard mitigation

age; these include: www

components to local comprehensive : Oak Hill, Florida

plans. Communities may also work to hoto Port Salerno, Florida. The Port Salerno P Commercial Fishing Docket Authority 32 Florida Department of Community Affairs. 2001. The Florida Hazard Mitigation Strategy. Tallahassee FL: FDCA. has developed low cost docking facilities

Capstone 47

. H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto . H - .L : P com erbert pl am www hoto Apalachicola, Florida Apalachicola, Port Salerno, Florida - - -

- - - oysters oysters

less vulnerable areas. less vulnerable study is The feasibility by the Office of financed and Trade Technology, Economic Development. separate location. The waterfront invest The waterfront location. separate to a sun shade, portable ment is limited and a small forklift containers, ice/water fish transport Vendors for off-loading. facilities to separate and other seafood waterfront The traditional for processing. associated with fish house commonly Florida is absent at Port coastal areas of Salerno. Eastpoint, Florida. is known County Franklin for production of from Apalachicola Bay. Eastpoint is one of three primary seafood process ing areas in the Pan Several handle county. processors or shucking houses were destroyed surge as a storm by sociated with Hurricane Dennis in 2005, con the county sequently, is exploring off-water options for relocation to that are expected to be resilient to storm resilient to storm expected to be that are products Fishermen off-load damage. the locations on four vendor at one of Each County. from Martin docks leased off-load an area for maintains vendor of seafood to a ing, icing, and transport Oak Hill, Florida

Eastpoint, Florida

A : P R P .L : . H - a l achico l a p hoto er p iverkee pl am www hoto com erbert Case Study Case Study

Public Access to the Waterfront he public-at-large can easily be required preparation of cost estimates dominiums and apartments, and small excluded from waterfront areas for supplies and professional services, shops and restaurants. Tbecause of environmental constraints or coordination with the Florida Department property issues. Some waterfronts are of Transportation regarding location of Port Salerno prepared a vision as a bounded by marsh grass or rocks that one of the kiosks, and decisions related Community Redevelopment Agency make walking dangerous, and working to the display content. (CRA) prior to designation as a Water- waterfronts may be off-limits because of fronts Community; the boardwalk was liability or safety issues associated with among the goals. Phase 1 is complete the use of heavy equipment or access and includes 200 square feet of board- to slippery surfaces. Separately, water- walk, kiosks to inform walkers of what fronts are increasingly closed to public they are seeing, lighting, and parking. access as condominiums and single fam- Phase 2, which is currently under way, ily residences replace water-dependent includes expansion of the boardwalk businesses. through the commercial fishing docks area. The project required negotiation of The San Carlos Island Working submerged land leases for boardwalk ar- Waterfront Trail. The San Carlos eas and for the commercial fishing dock Island Waterfronts Partnership in Lee as well as creation of a lease agreement County, Florida, used seed money from between the county and the commercial the Waterfronts Florida Partnership fishing organization. Program, county matching funds, and sweat equity in 1997-1999 to develop Other Waterfronts Florida Communities a self-guided walking trail that provides Manatee Pocket Walk. The Mana- are considering boardwalks to enhance public access to a waterfront area lined tee Pocket Walk eventually will rim the public access to the waterfront. Mayport by mangrove swamp and shrimp boat waterfront of this tiny safe harbor at Village hopes to develop a public-pri- masts. Kiosks established at selected lo- Port Salerno in Martin County, Florida, vate partnership with a developer who cations explain different vistas – Matan- on Florida’s Atlantic Coast. Port Salerno proposes construction of condominiums zas Pass, the San Carlos Island working joined the ranks of the Waterfronts at the waterfront; the public walkway waterfronts, and Estero Island. The com- Florida Communities in 2001 under would create a path or buffer between munity’s theme for the trail is “A Healthy sponsorship of the Martin County, Flori- the residential units and shrimp boats Bay = Healthy Seafood.” Brochures were da, government. The Pocket is home to tied up at the docks. Plans to build a prepared to complement the information a waterfront resort, marina, boating sup- boardwalk along the waterfront in the kiosks. The goal was to promote a sense port facilities, commercial fishing docks, City of Apalachicola are on hold; seafood of place and to convey the community’s single family homes, multi-story con- processors are concerned about the po- seafood traditions. Trail development tential liability. C Case Study a p s to ne Traditional Waterfront Economies Mayport Village industry is said to be related to the cost that in other

of fuel, state and federal fishery man- parts of Flor- com . he traditional economy in this north- agement regulations, and importation of ida have led

east Florida community is based on shrimp and finfish from abroad. to attempts erbert - H water-dependent uses that include fish- to prohibit T am pl ing and production of seafoods, tourism, Protecting Traditional Economies. on-site stor- .L

shipping, and national defense. Approxi- www

The Mayport Waterfronts Partnership age of traps, : mately 250 persons call Mayport Village

group developed a working waterfront boats, and hoto home.33 Shrimp and other offshore boats overlay with standards designed specifi- other items P line the waterfront docks. cally for Mayport for eventual inclusion commonly as- in the Comprehensive Plan for the City of sociated with commercial fishing. Seafood production has declined in Jacksonville. The overlay is a first step to recent years; two fish houses or pro- a separate zoning code and ordinances Changes at the Waterfront. Mayport cessors, a seafood market, and several for Mayport, which may include the ad- Village is in a period of change. A de- restaurants currently provide fish for dition of the “Mayport Village Working veloper recently purchased waterfront sale to the public. One of the seafood Waterfront Acknowledgment Form” to property, razed some structures, and processors is housed in a new, off-water be signed by all applications for build- announced plans to build low-rise condo- building, yet shrimpers and fishermen ing permits in the village. In the future miniums. The same developer may work still need a place to off-load their catch. would-be builders may be required to with the Mayport Waterfronts Partnership acknowledge that: to create the waterfront boardwalk which Waterfront Dependencies. In the was recommended in one of the many early years, shrimpers harvested from …the City of Jacksonville has studies conducted by the Mayport group. the river and nearshore areas. Mayport determined that persons on The boardwalk would provide public ac- Village remained homeport for a shrimp the premises may be exposed cess to the edge of the St. Johns River; fleet even after changes in gear and boat to proximity to storage associ- shrimp boats and fishing boats would technologies in the 1950s led to deepwa- ated with the fishing occupation, be expected to maintain a place at the ter harvests and seasonal shifts from the and its associated noises and waterfront. Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.34 odors…”35 com

A recent downturn in the shrimping . The goal is to put developers on notice erbert 33 Godard Design Associates, Inc. 2000. Historic Resources about sights and smells of the commer- - H Survey. Mayport Village, Florida. Jacksonville: City of cial fishing industry, to reduce surprises am pl

Jacksonville, Planning & Development Department. .L

Godard Design Associates, Inc. 2000. Historic Resources www

Survey. Mayport Village, Florida. Jacksonville: City of : 35

Jacksonville, Planning & Development Department. Proposed revisions to Ordinance 2006-452. hoto P

49 Les•sons Learned Management concept. Methods that worked or did not work, as captured and shared for use by others.36

36 Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy. http://web.em.doe.gov/lessons/bkgd.html, accessed August 3, 2006. Lessons Learned 51 ales ience xper T E of

Don’t get frustrated. Don’t get frustrated. autionary C oices V Don’t bridges. Don’t up. burn any give while others led them to rethink strategies. them to rethink strategies. while others led Be trustworthy. Bring solutions, not problems. Be trustworthy. he Don’t doors be closed. Don’t doors. let any close any T Get in there and make those people your best friend. those people your Get in there and make Always be proactive. Don’t wait until you have to react. have Don’t until you be proactive. wait Always When you hit a brick wall – you’ve just got to negotiate. – you’ve hit a brick wall When you Stay in the process even when things don’t way. in the process even go your Stay by partnering with Waterfronts Florida Partnership Program since 1997. Program Florida Partnership partnering with Waterfronts by Some practices led these volunteers and program managers to great results, managers to great and program led these volunteers Some practices By-laws are to make people courteous – but you may sacrifice input for order. sacrifice input for may you people courteous – but are to make By-laws Be willing to remove board or committee members if they do not come to meetings. board or committee Be willing to remove Be prepared to tell people what you’re doing and to take any criticism that comes out. criticism that comes any doing and to take you’re Be prepared to tell people what We got too comfortable with ourselves. Maybe successes can isolate you after a while. successes can isolate you Maybe got too comfortable with ourselves. We Selected lessons learned are presented here in the voices of those who know from experience. the voices learned are presented here in Selected lessons Hundreds of individuals have contributed expertise, energy, and dedication to revitalizing waterfronts to revitalizing and dedication energy, expertise, contributed have of individuals Hundreds Community Relations/Volunteers

Treat people with respect, explain to them what you’re doing. Then they’re going to hear and understand.

Get the data on what people are thinking. Take a survey at public events; use focus groups.

It’s crucial to keep open lines of communication with everyone in the community, everyone at the waterfront.

Recognize that different groups communicate differently.

Good idea to do double duty with community boards. Many communities have a limited pool of potential volunteers.

If you stretch out the volunteer staff, you’ll lose focus.

Get the right kind of people on the Board or Committee – well-connected people. There might be something they can do for your project in their world.

Funding

The rule is perseverance. You’ve got to go back and back and back. You’ve just got to go back until they feed you a little money.

Look for local foundations, not just the nationwide non-profits.

Look for special, sometimes small pots of money in local and state government. Does your city have a budget category for sidewalks or landscaping? Does the state transportation department have money for roadside beautification?

Learn to leverage. Think in terms of partnerships to get things done. Think in terms of a package of grants or series of grants instead of getting a grant. Lessons Learned 53 togethers elations - R et

G and

Always have food. have Always Make it simple to participate. Make Try to pull in an outside speaker. Try They missed their civics lessons. their civics They missed overnmental Communities know what they want. Communities know eetings G Make it fun and exciting to participate. it fun and exciting Make M It’s important to have friends along the way. friends along have important to It’s The citizens need to respect the government. The citizens with an elected person, to get their ear for a while, with an elected Know the limits of participation in your community. in your Know the limits of participation Partnerships with agency staff can cut through problems. with agency Partnerships Most people don’t know how to interact with government. with government. don’tMost people interact know how to to be able to impart the passion that you have for your project. for your have the passion that you to be able to impart You have to be able to make a personal connection with an agency, connection with an agency, a personal to make to be able have You Have the meetings on Saturdays or whatever day’s best in the community. best day’s or whatever the meetings on Saturdays Have The local government that goes into this with you needs to be appreciated. that goes into this with you The local government Get to know the people in government offices. Having a contact inside really helps. a contact Having offices. people in government Get to know the Space meetings so people do not get tired of the topic or lose interest in what’s happening. get tired of the topic or lose interest in what’s Space meetings so people do not to the people responsible for the restrooms if you’re doing a park or pavilion or a boardwalk. a park or pavilion doing restrooms if you’re to the people responsible for the You’ll need the cooperation of all the county departments at some point, from recreation to maintenance departments of all the county need the cooperation You’ll Small Wins

You have to use small projects to get going – for the community and for the committee.

Work on things within your control.

When you start dressing up public roads…all of a sudden people get it.

It’s synergistic…people see it can look good…they try to make it look better.

Visibility

Pass out bumper stickers with the name of the waterfront.

Send out newsletters.

Get on the speaker circuit – give a talk at the local Kiwanis, Rotary, or other service club.

Get to know the Editorial Board of your local newspaper.

Write a column for the local newspaper.

Visioning

Watch out for vision exhaustion. If they’ve gone through visioning before and are saying ‘we’ve done that,’ focus on new or specific topics.

Use the vision to set priorities and stay focused. Use the vision like a spur. Around The Waterfront 55 provides provides offers (August 2006). (August (August 2006). (August

m m is a land acquisition program is a land acquisition program www.dep.state.fl.us/cmp/grants/ ont www.dep.state.fl.us/cmp/publications/ (August 2006). (August erfr t a public access, resource protection, and hazard mitigation. For and hazard mitigation. For public access, resource protection, additional information see fcpmgrants.htm Florida Communities Trust and eligible non- funding to local governments that provides organizations for purchase of community- profit environmental acquisition, natural resource conservation and enhancement, resource conservation acquisition, natural provide These funding programs and wastewater. and water use in may partnerships that communities opportunities for out specific projects. to carry other grants combination with additional For below. are provided Selected examples information see community_assistance_guide/index.ht Block Grant Program Community Development and counties to for eligible municipalities an opportunity housing, streets, utilities, public compete for funds to improve and to create jobs for low and facilities, and downtown areas, information see additional For income Floridians. moderate www.dca.state.fl.us/fhcd/cdbg/about.cf Initiative (CPI) Florida Coastal Partnership categories: funding under four specific initiative program Access to Coastal Resources, Waterfronts, Working Stewardship. Coastal Places, and Community Remarkable training, CPI provides initiative, Waterfronts the Working For to to local governments education, and financial assistance and implement revitalization plans or prepare to develop The Florida community. apply for designation as a Waterfronts enhance the is to initiative Waterfronts goal of the Working of while addressing the issues economy waterfront traditional navigation, community development and revitalization, and revitalization, development community navigation, and economic development and historical resources, cultural land mitigation and emergency management, tourism, hazard W the

ound www.brownfields.noaa.

r National Oceanic and National Oceanic A

offered by the Florida Department of offered by ives nitiat is a program of the Environmental Protection of the Environmental is a program I is a program of the is a program nitiatives I www.planning.org/thecommissioner/19952003/winter03. (August 2006). (August (August 2006). (August v tate ederal m for Communities Protection Coastal Management Program Environmental is a compendia of resources on the topics of boating and S & Funding Resources Florida Technical Assistance Assistance Programs A Guide to Federal and State The intent is to reclaim properties in urban areas to reduce The intent is to reclaim properties Waterfront new areas. “greenfields” in the need to develop of established ports may properties outside the confines For additional information for Brownfield assistance. qualify see ht Department of Interior (DOI), and Department of Labor Department of Interior (DOI), and information see additional (DOL). For go Brownfields was initiated in Program The Brownfields Agency (EPA). contaminated real properties. 1997 to rehabilitate and reuse properties at public ports. Portfields is an extension of the is an extension of the ports. Portfields properties at public agencies include The partnering initiative. coastal Brownfields Army the U.S. (EPA), Protection Agency the Environmental the Economic Development (USACE), Corps of Engineers (MARAD), Administration (EDA), Maritime Administration (HUD), and Urban Development Department of Housing F Portfields leads a U.S. (NOAA). The Administration Atmospheric to establish the Portfields agencies federal partnership with or polluted contaminated redevelop to clean up and program based parks, open space, and greenways that address outdoor Florida Main Street is a technical assistance program recreation and natural resource protection needs identified in administered by the Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division local government comprehensive plans. For additional infor- of Historical Resources, Florida Department of State, for mation see www.floridacommunitydevelopment.org/fct (Au- historic commercial corridors which can include waterfront gust 2006). areas. The program offers manager training, consultant team visits, design and other technical assistance, and the benefit Florida Boating Improvement Grant is an annual program of experience from other Florida Main Street programs. for all coastal local governments to help serve the needs of Main Street is not a grant program but provides technical motorized recreational boating on marine or estuarine waters. assistance. For additional information see www.flheritage. For more information, contact Wendy Huszagh of the Florida com/preservation/architecture/mainstreet/index.cfm (August Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission at (850) 488-5600, 2006). x173. Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program Florida Greenways and Trails program works directly with (FRDAP) is a competitive program available to municipal and local agencies, organizations, and citizens to plan and acquire county governments or other legally constituted entities with properties that help establish Florida’s statewide network of the legal responsibility to provide public outdoor recreation. greenways and trails. For additional information see www.dep. FRDAP provides grants for acquisition or development of land state.fl.us/gwt/default.htm (August 2006). for public outdoor recreation use for construction or renovation of recreational trails. For additional information see www.dep. Florida Humanities Council awards grants to support state.fl.us/parks/OIRS/factsfrdap.htm (August 2006). public programs that help preserve Florida’s cultural heritage, promote civic engagement and foster connections among Florida Resources for Planning and Visioning is a formal humanities scholars, cultural organizations and community program available to local communities to obtain technical groups. These grants are available in different levels of and financial assistance on waterfront issues from a wide funding to non-profit organizations for use in public programs. range of sources that include the Department of Community In the past, grants have been awarded to libraries, civic Affairs Waterfronts Program and the Visioning Assistance groups, universities, colleges, museums, historical societies, Program. Outside Florida government, statewide university theaters, churches, and ad hoc groups such as Friends of programs such as Florida State University’s Dailey Institute the Library. For additional information see www.flahum.org/ of Government in Florida can be accessed for planning and sections/grants/partnership_grants.html (August 2006). visioning services through the Tallahassee campus and affiliate universities around the state. Additionally, communities may Florida Inland Navigation District (FIND) is a special gain direction from the staff members of the regional planning taxing district responsible for maintenance or navigation councils across the state. For additional information see the in waterways along the Atlantic Intracoastal, Okeechobee following websites: Waterways and lower west coast of Florida. Grant funding assistance is available to local government entities for projects • www.dca.state.fl.us/FDCP/DCP/visioning/ related to waterway maintenance and improvement. For visioningbrochure.pdf (August 2006) additional information see www.aicw.org (August 2006). Around The Waterfront 57 (August (August is a

l (August (August (August (August s s (August (August s (August 2006) (August m (August 2006) (August v www.swfwmd.state.fl.u www.nwfwmd.state.fl.u

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a 2006). Rive Suwannee 2006). South Florid Florid Northwest 2006). St. Johns Rive St. Johns Florid Southwest • • • • • properties and the resulting high prices, high taxes, and prices, high taxes, properties and the resulting high and counties or parishes take conflicts. States, municipalities, A number of states different approaches to the situation. programs waterfront long-standing, well-developed operate Management Act to based on the goals of the Coastal Zone protect in the environment, foster protection or improvement public access, and foster water- historic resources, provide West Coast Inland Navigation District (WCIND) West Coast Inland Navigation of Manatee, special taxing district, comprised multi-county counties. The District assists in Charlotte, and Lee Sarasota, projects that of waterway the planning and implementation of water-based and the enjoyment promote safe navigation and beach recreation. activities, such as boating, fishing, projects. For to fund waterfront WCIND has the opportunity additional information see 2006). Initiatives in Other States and Pacific communities along the Atlantic Waterfronts and inland Great Lakes, the Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and Schuylkill Rivers such as the Mississippi, Ohio, waterways face a common problem environmental protection. The individual programs can be can be programs The individual protection. environmental found at:

m (August (August www. s www.

(August (August s is a partnership through (August 2006). (August (August 2006). (August m 5 (August 2006). (August u www.flgov.com/financial_incentive provides financial incentives in tax refunds, financial incentives provides (August 2006). (August g is a Florida Impact Education Fund publication is a Florida Impact Education Fund regional%20councils%20and%20district 2006). http://iog.fsu.ed http://web1.cas.usf.edu/iog/TechAssist. cfm?TechAssistTypeID= http://myflorida.com/taxonomy/government/ www.dca.state.fl.us/fdcp/dcp/visioning/index.cf 2006). (August • • • • Water Management District Land Acquisition Programs Water Management District and other taxes valorum use money collected through ad significant lands. to acquire environmentally programs include lands eligible for projects may Local waterfront community based organizations that are working on issues based organizations that community and economic development; of neighborhood, community organization; and economic neighborhood and community of this publication see request a copy To justice.” flimpact.or long-term hazard mitigation measures following a major long-term hazard mitigation measures additional information see For disaster declaration. floridadisaster.org/brm/hmgp.ht Organizations A Resource Guide for Community-Based in Florida to of selected resources relevant that “presents an overview information see 2006). Hazard Mitigation Grant Program private local governments, FEMA designed to assist states, Tribes in implementing non-profit organizations and Indian Governor’s Office of Tourism, Trade, and Economic of Tourism, Trade, and Governor’s Office Development as other services to local and loans as well grants, additional and businesses in Florida. For governments dependent businesses.37 Other states, such as Florida and the state’s extensive shoreline on both Chesapeake Bay and Maine, are adding options that include tax relief and land the Atlantic Ocean. The website offers extensive links on the buying programs to the mix. Maryland program, as well as other state and federal programs that are similar and supportive to this program. For additional By virtue of each state’s individual governmental structure information see www.dnr.state.md.us/bay/czm (August 2006). and the scale of the waterfront, the various programs take on slightly different formats. Programs in New York, Massachusetts has a program document, Preserving Maine, Massachusetts and Maryland originate in the Waterfront Communities, a comprehensive review of Coastal Zone Programs, while those in North Carolina, waterfront preservation activities in Massachusetts with a Mississippi, and Alabama are tied to National Oceanic and good overview of the national perspective. This document is Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Sea Grant. The latter available at www.oceanservice.noaa.gov/websites/retiredsites/ are also critical and timely because of reconstruction issues sotc_pdf/WDU.PDF (August 2006). related to Hurricane Katrina damage in 2005. The Coastal Zone programs have common themes because of federal Mississippi/Alabama works closely with the Sea Grant coordination but each state approaches implementation to fit organizations. The concept of working waterfronts is being budgets and staffing. Similarly, funding available to affected promoted by the Mississippi/Alabama Sea Grant Consortium waterfront areas is dependent on available sources that differ and is in the development stages. Hurricane impacts in scope and application across the states. have focused on redevelopment of waterfront areas. For additional information see www.masgc.org/mini/workwater/ Selected examples of state programs are set out below with workwaterms.htm (August 2006). specific program links. North Carolina also uses the Sea Grant vehicle. The Sea Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) Grant program has taken a lead in evaluation of the processes Guidebook: Making the Most of Your Waterfront is that are changing waterfronts. North Carolina recently initiated available at the New York State Department of State Coastal exploration of processes such as those underway in Florida Online Resources website. For additional information see www. and Maine. For additional information see www.ncseagrant.org nyswaterfronts.com/communities_guidebook_lwrp.asp (August (August 2006). 2006).

Maine Coastal Program – Working Waterfronts Initiative Non-Governmental Organizations Harbor Plan offers technical support, workshops and (NGOs) resources to local citizens and leaders to sustain working waterfronts along Maine’s coastline. For additional information Florida Institute for Saltwater Heritage (FISH) is a model see www.maine.gov/spo/mcp/wwi/index.php (August 2006). for a non-profit group that has helped promote commercial fishing and working waterfront related projects. For additional Maryland’s Coastal Communities Initiative is administered by information see www.fishpreserve.org (August 2006). the Department of Natural Resources which is responsible for Fund for a Better Waterfront, Inc. is a group formed 37 Goodwin, op cit, 243. to make the waterfront in Hoboken, New Jersey a park Around The Waterfront 59 - - -

www.cultural-alliance. (August 2006). (August m provides a framework for thinking a framework provides www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_ sets up a structured process that can be sets up a structured

(August 2006). (August

esources l (August 2006). (August m R Mind Tools: SWOT Analysis – Discover New Op Mind Tools: SWOT Analysis Threats - Man portunities. Manage and Eliminate agement 05.ht SWOT Analysis Value Based Management.net: www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_swot_anal ysis.htm Washington – SWOT: Cultural Alliance of Greater A Planning Tool for the Future org/pubs/swot.ht • • • roject revitalization of the waterfront. The planners or group The planners revitalization of the waterfront. to ways then try to figure out the forces, members identify restrictions. Again, record strengthen the support or reduce additional For accordingly. the data, and use the information information see the following websites: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). and Threats (SWOT). Opportunities, Strengths, Weaknesses, that might Weaknesses the Strengths and First envision a project, or the long-term the group, occur either within a time. of the organization at a single level vision; focus on might Opportunities and Threats that at the Next identify Use this method to the data. Record group. occur outside the – then put the information to work perspectives new discover see the additional information process. For in the planning following websites: Force Field Analysis or undermine/restrain about what forces might support/drive P Resources Analytical SWOT analysis its by vision or other topics the waterfront used to consider

l believes believes www. (August 2006). (August g was established to was Culture (LINC) Culture (LINC)

www.pps.or focuses on public spaces as (August 2006). 2006). (August t www.betterwaterfront.com/index.shtm (August 2006). (August s (August 2006). 2006). (August is a conservation organization combining is a conservation

g www.linc.u Project for Public Spaces It includes case to the construction of community. central and other countries. places in the U.S. studies on waterfront additional information see For Martin County Board of County Commissioners developed an Commissioners developed Board of County Martin County commercial fishing dock space to provide prototype innovative that include sport fishing, charter along working waterfronts PSCFDA can be contacted boats, and commercial boats. The at (772) 201-7967. Director, Baker, through Mike or companies in fish and seafood production, processing, or companies in fish and seafood support or advisory services distribution, retail, foodservice, information see additional For within the industry. oceantrust.or Dock Authority (PSCFDA) Port Salerno Commercial Fish that in conjunction with the organization is a local, grassroots www.waterwire.ne Ocean Trust and partnerships to help maintain science, conservation people. In the past, Ocean the oceans as a resource for all to individuals, associations been available have grants Trust through communication programs. For additional information additional For programs. through communication see Alliance Metropolitan Waterfront officials and the for public education and opportunity provide in New York issues understand waterfront public at large to additional information see For and New Jersey coastal areas. (August 2006). (August for Nature & Legacy Institute legacies cultural and rural environments connections to natural LINC connects achieving sustainability. are essential in issues and cultural with environmental mainstream society area accessible to the public. The fund provides waterfront waterfront provides The fund to the public. area accessible additional For Jersey. in New to other communities assistance see information • Mind Tools: Force Field Analysis – Forcefield Mind Mapping Software is available at the following sources: Analysis - Decision Making from Mind tools www. mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_06.htm (August • Mindjet MindManager is available at www.mindjet. 2006). com/us (August 2006).

• Accel Team: Force Field Analysis – Kurt Lewin. • Inspiration Software may be used by children and Team building change technique www.accel-team. adults. Free trial downloads for PCs and hand-held com/techniques/force_field_analysis.html (August computers available at www.inspiration.com/index.cfm 2006). (August 2006).

• Iowa State University Extension: Force Field • Free Mind Mapping Software download is available at Analysis www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/ http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_ tools/forcefield.html (August 2006). Page (August 2006).

Six Hats provides an exercise to framework thinking that • Visual Mind free trial download is available at www. ensures that all participants have the opportunity and the visual-mind.com (August 2006). responsibility to think broadly about a topic or project. For example, everyone takes a turn with the White Hat to think • MindMapper information is available at www.mind- about the facts; everyone takes a turn with the Black Hat to mapperusa.com (August 2006). think about the negative aspects of the project. Six Hats was developed by Edward DeBono. For additional information see Grant Writing www.ideafocus.com/products/serious/_serious.htm (August 2006). The Research Assistant: Grant Writing Tutorial www. theresearchassistant.com/tutorial/index.asp (August 2006). Mind Mapping involves creating a diagram to create a visual representation of concepts and thoughts. Words and ideas Non-Profit Guides: Grant-Writing Tools for Non-Profit can be linked to and arranged around a central key word or Organizations www.npguides.org (August 2006). idea. The map is used to visualize, manage, structure, and classify ideas and allows individuals and teams to think, plan, Minnesota Council on Foundations: Writing a Successful and collaborate more effectively. See Use Your Head, which is Grant Proposal www.mcf.org/mcf/grant/writing.htm (August among the publications that explain mind-mapping techniques. 2006). For more information on mind mapping see the Buzan World at www.buzanworld.com (August 2006). See also: Wikipedia Foundation Center: Get Started – Tutorials – Proposal the Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_ Writing Short Course http://foundationcenter.org/ Page (August 2006). getstarted/tutorials/shortcourse/index.html (August 2006). Around The Waterfront 61

g (August (August (August (August m contains m www.dca. (August 2006). (August Vulnerability f Vulnerability www.smartgrowth.or www.dca.state.fl.us/ www.dca.state.fl.us/brm/ (August 2006) and (August f (August 2006). (August m (August 2006). (August f can be found at can be found at can be found at recognizes connections between development connections between development recognizes www.tbrpc.org/waterfront/comp.ht was prepared at the Florida Department of the Florida Department prepared at was is a public-interest information website for urban information website is a public-interest is a draft from May 2006, prepared for the Florida 2006, prepared for the from May is a draft s www.planetizen.co www.floridadisaster.org/brm/LMS/lms_cover.ht (August 2006). (August Council Tool Kit Tampa Bay Regional Planning additional For revitalization. important tips for waterfront information see 2006). Supplements to the guidebook are available. the guidebook are available. Supplements to 1 Assessment Part brm/LMS_pt1/lms_pt1.pd 2 Assessment Part LMS_pt2/lms_pt2.pd Planetizen The website includes and development. planning, design, on such topics as historic opportunities for online training additional information and applied economics. For preservation see Land Use Planning Protecting Florida’s Communities: Practices for Strategies and Best Development and Coastal Minimizing Vulnerability to Flooding Storm planning policies Affairs to provide Department of Community in coastal after disaster events for before and and strategies be viewed at communities. This document can state.fl.us/fdcp/dcp/publications/hazmitbp.pd Smart Growth online resources, of life. The website provides and quality to the smart growth calendar all relating news and an events information see additional concept. For Local Mitigation Strategy: A Guidebook for Florida Cities for Florida A Guidebook Strategy: Local Mitigation and Counties develop and counties help communities Affairs to Community viewed can be This document strategies. hazard mitigation at 2006). was was www.dca.state. www.dca.state. (August 2006). (August m is a book by Steven C. Ames and Steven is a book by produced by the Florida redevelopment Florida redevelopment the by produced

(August 2006). (August V www.planning.org/bookservice/description. prepared June 2002 by the Council for prepared June 2002 by is a document (August 2006). (August

(August 2006). (August http://www.dca.state.fl.us/fdcp/dcp/publications/historic. f f fl.us/fdcp/DCP/waterfronts/index.cf Key Elements of Success in Building Coastal Key Elements of Success in Communities the Department by Sustainable Florida and sponsored Florida at Waterfronts Affairs. Available of Community On-Line: Publications Program Partnership design and implement an effective visioning process, while design and implement an effective in visioning” and on how to use graphics ideas providing resources, helpful hints, illustrations additional “provides and inspiring words of Oregon communities’ visions ordering For pundits.” from American Visionaries and information see htm?BCODE=AGC at pd Hands-On Information Guide to Community Visioning: for Local Communities Project. It “shows how to a product of the Oregon Visions fl.us/FDCP/DCP/gmw/2006/2006presentations/westmoreland. pd for Florida’s Historic Resources Disaster Planning of 2003 for the Florida Department prepared in September for disaster planning and Affairs as a guidebook Community This document can be viewed protection of historic resources. How questions about answers commonly asked association which which are agencies (CRAs), redevelopment community Tax of Includes discussion for redevelopment. financing tools method to fund (TIF), which is a specific Increment Financing view the document see To redevelopment. Planning Tools Planning and What, When, Agencies: Redevelopment Community Wildfire Mitigation in Florida: Land Use Planning The Florida Department of Community Affairs produces Strategies and Best Development Practices was prepared news bulletins as “DCA News Updates” and “Community in 2004 for the Florida Department of Community Affairs Corner.” These documents contain information on upcoming and illustrates how best practices are implemented in a land events, conferences and meetings. They can be downloaded at development context. This document can be viewed at www. www.dca.state.fl.us/DCAnews.cfm (August 2006). dca.state.fl.us/fdcp/dcp/publications/Wildfire_Mitigation_in_ FL.pdf (August 2006). The Florida Redevelopment Association brings together professionals from around the state who are involved in Project Management preserving and improving Florida’s communities. Their website hosts a list of upcoming events and conferences American Management Association (AMA) offers involving Florida’s communities and can be found at www. hardcover and paperback books, training aides and seminars redevelopment.net/Default.aspx?tabid=176 (August 2006). for basic, intermediate and advanced levels starting at $14.99. More information is available at: www.amanet.org/index.htm The Florida Sea Grant website lists conferences and (August 2006). workshops dealing with coastal and environmental topics. For information on the conferences and workshops see www. Dummies Series offer software kits and numerous flseagrant.org/new_items/index.htm#workshops(August paperback books starting at $16.99. Subjects include project 2006). management, mind manager software and PMP certification. More information is available at: www.dummies.com/WileyCDA The National Trust Main Street Center is the leader in (August 2006). providing information and training in preservation-based commercial district revitalization. Through on-site trainings, Complete Idiots Guides offer project management materials conferences and workshops, they provide an array of training starting at $18.95. More information is available at: www. to professionals and volunteers on many topics in the field. idiotsguides.com (August 2006). The National Trust Main Street Center website contains information on the National Main Streets Conference, Conferences and Events seminars, workshops, and training. For additional information see www.mainstreet.org/content.aspx?page=19§ion=5 The Florida Coastal Management Program provides a list (August 2006). of past, current, and upcoming conferences in Florida. The website also includes a section of links to conference listings from other organizations and states. For conference listings see www.dep.state.fl.us/cmp/news/conferences.htm (August 2006). Bibliography 63

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Carson, R. 1979. The waterfront writers: literature of the work. San Francisco CA: Harper and Row.

Coastal Engineering Consultants. 1998. Proposal to provide qualifications for Matanzas Harbor action plan. Naples FL: Coastal Engineering Consultants.

Coopers and Lybrand. 1983. Tax incentives for community revitalization in Florida. Tallahassee FL: The Division Resource Management.

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Duensing, E., and Klingler, E. L. 1980. The urban waterfront as a recreational facility. Monticello IL: Vance Bibliographies.

Fitzgerald, A. R. 1986. Waterfront planning and development: proceedings of a symposium. New York NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, Urban Planning and Development Division.

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