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3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality

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3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality This section describes existing hydrology and water quality in the project vicinity, including wastewater and stormwater management, existing and future flooding, and groundwater conditions; explains the existing regulatory framework governing these topics; and discusses potential construction-related and operational impacts of the proposed project. Mitigation measures are provided to avoid or reduce significant impacts, as appropriate. The impact assessment evaluates water quality issues related to both construction activities and operation of the proposed project. 3.8.1 Environmental Setting Regional and Local Hydrology The city of San José is located in the Santa Clara Valley between the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west and the Diablo Range to the east. The climate in this region is characterized by coastal and bay influences, with mild to moderate temperatures year-round. The region averages approximately 14.5 inches of rain per year, with rainfall generally occurring between October and May, as typical for California’s Mediterranean climate.1 The project site is located within the Guadalupe watershed in western San José. This watershed encompasses approximately 171 square miles, from the headwaters in the eastern Santa Cruz Mountains near the summit of Loma Prieta through the Santa Clara Valley to South San Francisco Bay. Surface waters within the Guadalupe watershed include the tributaries and mainstem of the Guadalupe River. The river begins at the confluence of Alamitos Creek and Guadalupe Creek in the Almaden/Alamitos area of San José and flows north for 14 miles through the cities of San José, Campbell, and Santa Clara before reaching lower South San Francisco Bay, via Alviso Slough. The Guadalupe River and Los Gatos Creek are perennial waterways that flow south to north, just east of the project’s development boundary. Los Gatos Creek crosses the southernmost portion of the project site and then continues north along the east side of the project site. Land use in the upper watershed is characterized by heavy forests with pockets of residential parcels. Residential density increases to high density on the valley floor, mixed with commercial, urban, and industrial uses in San José and its surrounding municipalities. Existing impervious (paved) surfaces in San José contribute to conditions of rapid runoff and periodic flooding during storms. The existing site is approximately 97 percent impervious as a result of existing land uses, which include industrial and commercial development with many large asphalt parking lots and minimal existing landscaped areas. Under existing conditions, stormwater runoff from the project site is not treated before its discharge to the City’s collection network.2 1 Western Regional Climate Center, Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary, San Jose, California (047821), January 1, 1893, to June 6, 2016. Available at https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliRECtM.pl?ca7821. Accessed September 9, 2019. 2 Arup, Lendlease & Sherwood Design Engineers, Google Downtown West Infrastructure Plan, October 7, 2020. Downtown West Mixed-Use Plan 3.8-1 ESA / D190583 Draft EIR October 2020 3. Environmental Setting, Impacts, and Mitigation 3.8 Hydrology and Water Quality Los Gatos Creek, the largest tributary, connects to the Guadalupe River approximately 3.5 miles downstream of the river’s origin and crosses through Santa Clara County land, the towns of Monte Sereno and Los Gatos, and the cities of Campbell and San José. Los Gatos Creek has been described as one of the few urban streams in the Santa Clara Valley that remains relatively intact, and serves as a riparian corridor and a network of flood protection for San José.3 Under existing conditions, the channel of Los Gatos Creek (in reaches between the West Santa Clara Street bridge and the West San Carlos Street bridge) contains large invasive trees and shrubs, as well as logjams, trash, and other debris that constrain floodwater conveyance during storms. The existing West San Fernando Street bridge contains in-stream support piers that also contribute to displacement of flow, as floodwaters periodically overtop Los Gatos Creek.4 Figure 3.8-1 shows surface waters and flood hazard areas in the vicinity of the project site. Groundwater Hydrology The project site is located in the Santa Clara Groundwater Basin, Santa Clara Subbasin (Basin 2.9-02), which has been identified as a high-priority basin under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).5 In normal rainfall years, about 50 percent of Santa Clara County’s water supply is provided locally, primarily from groundwater. Municipal water supplied to Downtown San José draws mainly from groundwater, which is generally more available in the Santa Clara Valley than elsewhere in the county.6 In drought years, however, up to 90 percent of the water has been imported to serve municipal demand.7 Groundwater has been encountered at depths of 15.1 to 20.9 feet north of West Santa Clara Street,8 and at 25 feet below the ground surface in the southern portion of the project site near Auzerais Avenue.9 Groundwater in the Santa Clara Subbasin is of generally good quality. Key issues of concern in the subbasin are land subsidence caused by past groundwater overdraft, and saline intrusion into groundwater through tidal channels near southern portions of San Francisco Bay. For additional discussion of water quality, refer to Section 3.8.2, Regulatory Framework. 3 Santa Clara County Parks, Los Gatos Creek County Park. Available at https://www.sccgov.org/sites/parks/parkfinder/Pages/LosGatosCreek.aspx. Accessed October 17, 2019. 4 Schaaf & Wheeler, Google San Jose Hydrology and Flood Control Measures, August 2020. 5 California Department of Water Resources, Sustainable Groundwater Management Act 2019 Basin Prioritization: Process and Results, May 2020. Available at https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/Basin- Prioritization. Accessed May 14, 2020. 6 Santa Clara Valley Water District, Annual Groundwater Report for Calendar Year 2018, 2018. Available at https://www.valleywater.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/2018%20Annual%20Groundwater%20Report_Final- Web%20Version.pdf. Accessed September 9, 2019. 7 City of San José, Envision San José 2040 General Plan, adopted November 1, 2011 (amended March 16, 2020). Available at https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showdocument?id=22359. Accessed January 16, 2020. 8 City of San José, San José Arena (SAP Center) Third Five Year Review, Appendix B, Groundwater Monitoring Report, August 2018. 9 Georestoration Inc., Remediation Progress Report First Quarter 2019, 638 Auzerais Avenue San José, SCCDEH Case No. 12-023, April 30, 2019. Downtown West Mixed-Use Plan 3.8-2 ESA / D190583 Draft EIR October 2020 t t S S g t re in S pi N d ry t F m 7 d o E S e r n t m E o h H E t o t N S n t g C t S in S W y S t y h 6 r a y s t h u r a le a t e b S u g e W ns W h s s o A e n e N t A p or H S n r ym n th u in V i R w ve 5 t W e t a A t t g S e a d H n h S a n to S S ay t ln t d Cl S t o t t S u t m n t S ia t S n e N N ul S t o S J r s 1 N 4 E b t N lo o s 3 t y t h a H ve 2 r A N S n d S T n ma St M t d S t W le d a Co lan r S t t Ry ke t S t t es S S m t t an Ja S li t tt Ju t ain se S S E as ine t E lm S B ev s S to D e St S c am n t k G t J oh to u S t J ve n a E in A A d t a S v A a s S S la e u l e M E 4 il e u m t v t a h V N u p t J N a A m n A e ai r S le n S S k ie u R W e t t P a t h u i N n c m k v S S w e o e e n r t P t v v y r e A A S e T T g t d h n n D e r e i e St a r o h z n r A s n ulia m a S r e J i la e L W e n t P e S m t A e S t S 2 r S v d a n e t n a b h N d a Jo n t t S n R S in ai 87 t t e C S i ÅÄ os S v v W e P 1 A t a r S s li a t o S ar n t l S g e C t a v SAP ta S e W n M A v C a r A Center S M a h te a W a h s t i r e s t t i k e a l S e H l a St o h W Santa Clar S d t S S C S n a S t t l n A r e e t v K e A a F t Not Part of A e l n l t a v a m t e Project Site S S e e s a b h W s d B A M c l e n e e A u v v a o n A e v s H A n B e h Diridon e v v t n l e g v A S o Station d a o r s t m San Jose McEnery r l ie i S e Convention Center W r e y Av T k i S r ll a m t P e a J G v n SAN JOSE o u A A s e v e t a t e f i a S d m s a e S rlo s t l o a u Park Ave C W Y n oz p a e S S W ay u W R n i v o e R l r S e e a e v v ic Av if t c Pac A e s A i t a r n S S e t St z a Carlos t W San u S i e A nt d g a i r r k G a e e P e L e v 280 M o r A is ¦¨§ c C a u r e s s e v z t o u S A t A P t a d Project Site a r G e L lm a v l e i s l n i v Flood Zone Designation A S o c A L s t o W i s l o n i S l 100-year Floodplain (Zone A) l n i i A l W Virgi l nia St v I W 100-year Floodplain (Zone AH) e H e a v r l A i 100-year Floodplain (Zone AO) s s s M e a A v c t v 500-year Floodplain (Zone X) m l A e l e S Ful e l d ler Av l e t a r i Area with Reduced Risk Due to D s n o B A Levee (Zone X) Rivers v v id e e Dr Hull A e Parkmoor Ave ve r Undetermined (Zone D) P Atlanta Ave t 0 1,200 S ow N Coe Ave ill Feet W SOURCES: Esri, 2019, City of San Jose, 2019, FEMA, 2018; ESA, 2020 Downtown West Mixed-Use Plan Figure 3.8-1 Surface Waters and Flood Zones in the Project Vicinity 3.
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