Th is Posterboard was shown at theWashington Botanical Symposium hosted by the UW in March 2018. It and subsequent conversations led to the creation and funding (by BBG) of the WWU SAM Project that put ~12 students in the fi eld, walking north from the Siskiyou’s looking for lost from southern to southern BC west of the Cascades “Cascadia”. HHAVEAVE WWEE WWITNESSEDITNESSED A MMASSASS EXTINCTIONEXTINCTION OFOF NWNW NNATIVEATIVE PPLANTLANT SPECIESSPECIES TTHESEHESE PPASTAST 2200 YEARS?YEARS? To enrich Bonhoeffer Botanical Gardens’ existing Natural Growth we created a target list of native plants (for zoo-like exhibitions) using well-known references including:

www.USDA, URL Links provided by NRCS. 2010 - the PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 24 April 2010) National Data Center; also referenced was University of Washing- ton’s www.biology.burke..edu/herbarium website that allows use for educational purposes, all crossreferenced to Hitchcock and Arthur Cronquist's Flora of the Pacifi c North-

west: An Illustrated Manual (University of Washington Press, 1976). Also referenced were the Washington Flora Checklist, E-Flora BC, CalPhotos, Wikipedia, WTU Herbarium Speci- mens, and PNW Herbaria Specimens, along with Eugene Kozloff ’s Plants of Western OR, WA & BC and Pecks’ Manual of Higher Plantsof Oregon (that we’ve now used for 50+ years).

3 sources, most 20+ years old, were required to agree that a plant was a NW native. Then we ordered signs!

Abronia umbellata limosa Erigeron compositus Lobelia dortmanna Piperia candida Scrophularia lanceolata Agoseris apargioides Carex luzulina Erigeron peregrinus Lomatium nudicaule Piperia elegans Scutellaria antirrhinoides OfAgoseris 906 aurantiaca PlantCarex Species pansa IdentiErysimum capitatumϐied, theLonicera 2018 utahensis SAM Piperiasurvey elongata foundScutellaria 640galericulata Agoseris elata Carex paucifl ora Erythranthe alsinoides Lotus aboriginus Piperia transversa Sedum lanceolatum Agoseris grandifl ora Carex rossii Erythranthe moschata Lotus crassifolius Piperia unalascensis Selaginella douglasii 451Agoseris of heterophylla these are plantedCarex vesicaria and staked withEutrochium nameplate maculatum signs.Lotus pinnatus They exist as naturalPlagiobothrys fi guratus growth or fromSelaginella seedsoregana or Agrostis oregonensis Carex viridula Festuca occidentalis Lotus uliginosus Plagiobothrys scouleri Selaginella wallacei seedlings;Agrostis scabra i.e., not transplantedCastilleja attenuata from theFontinalis wild. antpyretica 266 signsLudwigia tha palustrist lank Peter’s PlantagoCross elongata (at the left) areSenecio integerrimus unused. Agrostis stolonifera Castilleja parvifl ora Galium aparine Lupinus bicolor Plantago macrocarpa Sericocarpus rigidus Alisma triviale Castilleja rupicola Galium bifolium comosa Platanthera chorisiana Silene antirrhina Allium crenulatum Cephalanthera austiniae Galium boreale Luzula parvifl ora Platanthera dilatata Silene menziesii Allium schoenoprasum Cerastium arvense Galium oreganum Lycopodiella inundata Platanthera obtusata Silene parryi 266Allotropa virgata Plant SpeciesCeratophyllum demersum have notGalium palustre been FoundLycopodium annotinum in 10 YearsPlatanthera orbiculata of Searching!Silene scouleri Amsinckia menziesii Chamaenerion latifolium Galium trifi dum Lycopodium clavatum Platanthera stricta Sium suave Amsinckia spectabilis Chenopodium berlandieri Galium trifl orum Lycopus americanus Plectritis congesta Solidago elongata SinceAnemone deltoidea2009 we have Chimaphila toured menziesii western WA,Gentianella OR amarella and BC. OneLycopus can unifl orus drive, walk, andPleuricospora be fi mbriolata almost anywhereSparganium emersum in Western Anemone lyallii Chimaphila umbellata Geranium bicknellii Lysimachia thyrsifl ora Pleuropogon refractus Sparganium eurycarpum Anemone oregana Chrysosplenium glechomifolium Geranium carolinianum exigua Poa confi nis Spergularia canadensis WashingtonAngelica arguta in a fewCinna hours’ latifolia time. If plantsGilia capitata exist today, shouldMadia glomerata not one be ablePoa leptocoma to ind and photographSpiraea lucida them? Angelica hendersonii Circaea alpina Githopsis specularioides Madia gracilis Poa macrantha Spiranthes romanzoffi ana Angelica lucida Cirsium edule Glyceria borealis Madia madioides Poa paucispicula Stachys mexicana Antennaria howellii Cirsium remotifolium Glyceria striata Madia sativa Polygonum douglasii Stellaria calycantha Antennaria racemosa Clarkia amoena Gratiola ebracteata Matricaria discoidea Polygonum paronychia Stellaria crispa “ManyAnticlea occidentalis nativeClarkia plants gracilis did Gratiolanot neglecta survive Meconellathe oregana 2nd cutting.”Polygonum spergulariiforme Stellaria longipes Aphanes arvensis Claytonia rubra Grindelia hirsutula Melica smithii Polystichum californicum Stellaria nitens Arabis hirsuta Claytonia washingtoniana Helianthus annuus Melica subulata Polystichum imbricans Stellaria obtusa wasArceuthobium a common campylopodum pioneerCollinsia grandifl lament, ora now lostHemitomes in congestum time (and 3rdMentha and arvensis 4th cuttings).Potamogeton Old-timers amplifolius talkedStreptopus of: lanceolatus Arceuthobium tsugense Collomia grandifl ora Hemizonella minima Mertensia paniculata Potamogeton epihydrus Streptopus streptopoides Arnica cordifolia Collomia heterophylla Heterotheca oregona Mertensia platyphylla Potamogeton foliosus Stuckenia fi liformis Arnica o latifolia sprays Collomiao linearisincreased # of Hieraciumcollectors albifl orum decreasingMicranthes the integrifolia # of seeds Potamogeton(annuals gramineus can disappearStuckenia pectinata in a year) Artemisia campestris Convolvulus soldanella Hippuris vulgaris Micranthes nelsoniana Potamogeton illinoensis Suaeda calceoliformis Artemisia suksdorfi i Conyza canadensis Holcus mollis Microseris laciniata Potamogeton natans Symphyotrichum boreale Artemisia o tilesiiCRISPR Coptis o aspleniifolia pollution and climateHonckenya peploides change (bringingMicrosteris gracilis Pecks text’sPotamogetontthe Orego nodosusn plants northward)Symphyotrichum hallii Athysanus pusillus Coptis laciniata Hordeum brachyantherum Minuartia tenella Potamogeton pusillus Synthyris reniformis Azolla o fi liculoides logging Corallorhizao loss maculata of habitat Hordeumcaused jubatum by invasiveMoehringia plant macrophylla and animal Potamogetonspecies richardsonii (including Synthyris humans) schizantha Azolla mexicana Corallorhiza mertensiana Huperzia miyoshiana Moneses unifl ora Potamogeton robbinsii Tanacetum bipinnatum Ballota nigra Corallorhiza striata Huperzia occidentalis Monotropa hypopitys Potamogeton zosteriformis Torreyochloa pallida Barbarea o orthoceras microwaves Corallorhiza o loss trifi da of pollinatorsHydrocotyle (insects, ranunculoides bats, etc.)Monotropa unifl; our ora Gardens Potentillaare drummondiibereft of nativeTrautvetteria birds. caroliniensis Bidens beckii Corydalis scouleri anagalloides Montia diff usa Pseudognaphalium stramineum Trientalis latifolia Bidens cernua Corynephorus canescens Hypericum majus Montia fontana Psilocarphus elatior Trifolium microdon Bidens frondosa Crassula aquatica Hypericum scouleri Montia howellii Psilocarphus tenellus Trifolium oliganthum Bolboschoenus maritimus Crassula connata Impatiens ecornuta Montia linearis Pterospora andromedea Trifolium variegatum AndBotrychium minganense a 3rd (ofCrataegus 4) gaylussacia Question(s): Isoetes howellii Montia parvifolia Pyrola asarifolia Trifolium willdenovii Botrychium multifi dum Crocidium multicaule Isoetes occidentalis Myosotis laxa Pyrola chlorantha Trifolium wormskioldii Botrychium virginianum Cryptantha intermedia Isoetes tenella Myosurus minimus Pyrola picta Triglochin maritima PopulationsBoykinia occidentalis increase,Cuscuta are cephalanthi stable, decrease,Isolepis cernua or cease to existMyriophyllum (multipliers: hippuroides >=1,Ranunculus <1or aquatilis 0. Over timeTrillium <1parvifl orum = 0). Have Brasenia schreberi Cynoglossum grande Jaumea carnosa Myriophyllum quitense Ranunculus californicus Triphysaria pusilla Bromus carinatus Cyperus bipartitus Juncus alpinoarticulatus Myriophyllum sibiricum Ranunculus cymbalaria Trisetum canescens theCalamagrostis words: canadensis rare, threatenedCyperus squarrosus , endangeredJuncus, bolanderisensitive, imperiled,Myriophyllum of verticillatum concern maskedRanunculus fl ammulathe <1 nativeTurritis plants’ glabra demise? Calamagrostis purpurascens Danthonia spicata Juncus brevicaudatus Najas fl exilis Ranunculus macounii Typha angustifolia Calandrinia ciliata Daucus pusillus Juncus bulbosus Navarretia intertexta Ranunculus orthorhynchus Utricularia gibba Callitriche heterophylla Deschampsia elongata Juncus laccatus Navarretia squarrosa Ranunculus sceleratus Utricularia minor AnCallitriche Invitation palustris Dichanthelium to acuminatumSeed CollectorsJuncus mertensianus Nemophila parvifl ora Ranunculus uncinatus Utricularia vulgaris Caltha palustris Dodecatheon austrofrigidum Juncus oxymeris Nemophila pedunculata Rhynchospora alba Valeriana scouleri Calypso bulbosa Douglasia laevigata Juncus supiniformis Nuttallanthus texanus Romanzoffi a sitchensis Valeriana sitchensis WeCamissonia are contorta searching forDowningia seeds yina of NW nativeKopsiopsis plants. hookeri Note “seeds;”Oenothera villosa BBG purchasesRorippa curvisiliqua seedlings only Veratrumfrom californicum established Canadanthus modestus Dulichium arundinaceum Lactuca biennis Ophioglossum pusillum Rubus idaeus Verbena hastata Cardamine angulata Eleocharis acicularis Lasthenia maritima Orobanche unifl ora Rumex fueginus Veronica americana nativeCardamine breweri nurseries, see:Elodea http://www.plc215.org/sources canadensis Lathyrus nevadensis . VisitOrthocarpus them; bracteosus these plantRumex occidentalis nurseries/people Veronica arehederifolia amazing! This is the NW’s native botanical holocaust garden. Visitors enter Cardamine nuttallii Elodea nutalli Lathyrus palustris Osmorhiza purpurea Rumex persicarioides Veronica peregrina Cardamine oligosperma Elymus elymoides Lathyrus polyphyllus Oxalis trilliifolia Rupertia physodes Veronica scutellata under the Revised Codes of Washington - RCW 4.24.200 & 4.24.210, Cardamine pensylvanica Epilobium brachycarpum Lathyrus torreyi Ozomelis trifi da Ruppia maritima Vicia americana allowing public recreational use, including nature study and Cardionema ramosissima Epilobium ciliatum Leersia oryzoides Parnassia fi mbriata Sagina decumbens Viola canadensis var. rugulosa GuerrillaCarex amplifolia RestorationEpilobium densifl orum Lemna trisulca Pectiantia breweri Sagina maxima Vulpia microstachys viewing or enjoying scenic or scientiϐic sites or waterways on Carex athrostachya Epilobium foliosum Lepidium heterophyllum Pedicularis contorta Salix barclayi Whipplea modesta Carex canescens Epilobium glaberrimum Lepidium virginicum Pedicularis racemosa Sanguisorba offi cinalis Wyethia angustifolia private land. Visit the the Gardens at I-5’s Exit 215, 2420 300th NW OverCarex comosa 100 of our membersEpilobium minutum planted pairsLeptosiphon of bicolorGolden ChinquapinsPentagramma triangularis here and thereSanicula arctopoides in 2018. Yabea microcarpa Stanwood, WA 98292. Carex cusickii Epipactis gigantea Ligusticum apiifolium Perideridia gairdneri Sanicula bipinnatifi da Zannichellia palustris CarexBBECAUSE echinataEC AUSE IFIF WE,WEEquisetum, ASAS arvense INDIVIDUALS,INDIVIDUALSLilaeopsis, DDON’T occidentalisON’T ASSISTASSIST OUROPersicariaUR amphibia NWNW NATIVENATIVE PLANTSPSaniculaLA crassicaulisNTS MIGRATE,MIGRATEZeltnera, WHOW muehlenbergiiHO WILL?W ILL? Carex feta Equisetum fl uviatile Limosella aquatica Persicaria hydropiperoides Saxifraga mertensiana Zygadenus venenosus Carex hendersonii Equisetum palustre Lindernia dubia Persicaria lapathifolia Scheuchzeria palustris Carex inops Equisetum variegatum Listera convallarioides Phacelia heterophylla Schoenoplectus pungens Carex interrupta Erigeron acris Listera cordata Phaceliawww.plc215.org nemoralis Schoenoplectus subterminalis