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Mineralogy of Copper Sulfides in Porphyry Copper and Related Deposits

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Mineralogy of Copper Sulfides in Porphyry Copper and Related Deposits Mineralogy of Copper Sulfides in Porphyry Copper and Related Deposits Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Schumer, Benjamin Nathan Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 05:44:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626163 MINERALOGY OF COPPER SULFIDES IN PORPHYRY COPPER AND RELATED DEPOSITS By Benjamin N. Schumer Copyright Benjamin N. Schumer 2017 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2017 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Benjamin N. Schumer, titled “Mineralogy of Copper Sulfides in Porphyry Copper and Related Deposits” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) Mark D. Barton _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) Robert T. Downs _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) C. Eric Seedorff _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) J. Brent Hiskey _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) Frank K. Mazdab Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (14 April 2017) Mark D. Barton 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Benjamin N. Schumer 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support was provided by Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold, Newmont Mining, the Mineralogical Society of America Krauss Crystallographic Research Grant, the Tucson Gem and Mineral Society, and the Dewey Fellowship. I would like to thank Ralph Stegen and Robert A. Jenkins of Freeport for providing the samples for my Morenci study. Richard Graeme III and Douglass Graeme provided invaluable samples, maps, photos, and first-hand recollections of the underground geology of the Bisbee district. I would like to acknowledge those who provided significant help with my research: Hexiong Yang, Mark D. Barton, Frank K. Mazdab, Robert T. Downs, Eric Seedorff, Brent Hiskey, Ken Domanick, JD Mizer, and Simone Runyon. My family and friends provided much needed moral support throughout this long and sometimes tedious process, without which I would have been lost. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 11 OVERVIEW OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................... 12 Methods and Context .......................................................................................................................................... 13 PRESENT STUDY.................................................................................................................................... 16 NATROPALERMOITE, A NEW MINERAL ................................................................................................. 16 THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NICKELSKUTTERUDITE AND OCCUPANCY OF THE ICOSAHEDRAL CATION SITE IN SKUTTERUDITE GROUP MINERALS ........................................ 17 MINERALOGICAL PROFILE OF SUPERGENE SULFIDE ORE, MORENCI ...................................... 19 HYPOGENE MINERALOGY AND ZONING OF POLYMETALLIC LODES, BISBEE ....................... 20 KEY FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................................... 23 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 APPENDIX A: NATROPALERMOITE, NA2SRAL4(PO4)4(OH)4, A NEW MINERAL ISOSTRUCTURAL WITH PALERMOITE, FROM THE PALERMO NO. 1 MINE, GROTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA ....................................................................................................................... 29 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 30 SAMPLE DESCRTIPTIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ......................................................... 31 Occurrence, physical and chemical properties, and Raman spectra ............................................ 31 X-ray crystallography ......................................................................................................................................... 33 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Crystal Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 34 Raman Spectroscopy ........................................................................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 FIGURE CAPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 38 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................... 39 TABLE EXPLANATORY NOTES ................................................................................................................... 43 TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX B: A NEW FORMULA AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR NICKELSKUTTERUDITE, (NI,CO,FE)AS3, AND OCCUPANCY OF THE ICOSAHEDRAL CATION SITE IN THE SKUTTERUDITE GROUP ............................................................................ 48 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 50 EXPERIMENTAL ................................................................................................................................................ 53 RESULTS............................................................................................................................................................... 55 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 IMPLICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 60 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................. 60 REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 FIGURE CAPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 66 FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................................................
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