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Effect of Xanthan Gum and Carboxymethyl Cellulose On Advanc of em al e rn n u ts o i J n Salari et al., Int J Adv Technol 2017, 8:1 l T a e n c o h International Journal of Advancements i DOI: 10.4172/0976-4860.1000175 t n a o n l r o e g t y n I in Technology ISSN: 0976-4860 Research Article Open Access Effect of Xanthan Gum and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Cream Cheese Sara Salari1*, Mossalreza Zanganeh1, Abollfazl Fadavi2 and Zeid Ahmadi2 1Department of Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Azad Shahr, Iran 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Iran *Corresponding author: Sara Salari, Department of Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Azad Shahr, Iran, Tel: + 989378212956; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: November 02, 2016; Accepted date: November 15, 2016; Publication date: November 24, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Salari S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License; which permits unrestricted use; distribution; and reproduction in any medium; provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Cream cheese produced from pasteurized milk and cream which has soft texture and mild flavor and is one of the most delicious cheese and has high fat and humidity. Nowadays, problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and cancer are due to consumpting the high fat products, so reducing the fat in foods is very attractive field. In this study, the effect of xanthan gum at level 0.05, 0.17, 0.3 and carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.02, 0.11, 0.2 on chemical and sensory properties of cream cheese was studied. Chemical results showed that there was no significant difference in pH value between treatments. Protein and dry matter content of the samples ranged from 6.005% to 7.31% and 30.02% to 30.975% respectively. Increasing the level of xanthan and CMC in cream cheese resulted in decrease the dry matter content. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in protein and NaCl content between treatments with increase the used gums, but about fat had not effect. The results of sensory properties including texture, flavor, odor, color and overall acceptability showed that replacing xanthan and CMC had not adverse impact on the organoleptical characteristics of cream cheese and general acceptance of the product was good. The lower levels of xanthan in combination with each of the three levels; 0.02, 0.11, 0.2 CMC gum were more acceptable than other samples. Keywords: Cream cheese; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Xanthan; production process, selecting starter and adjunct cultures and using fat Protein; Taste substitutes. Using of fat substitutes has been proposed as the main strategy to improve functional and textural attributes of low-fat cheese Introduction in different studies. Because of their ability to mechanically entrap water and their stronger hydrophilicity, water-soluble and polar fat Cream cheese is a soft unripened cheese that is well known for its substitutes have been widely recommended. Following the use of fat smooth texture and sweet acidic taste. It is available in many forms substitutes, a sense of lubricity and creaminess is created in cheese [5]. from plain to flavoured and is very similar to many French types of Therefore, in formulation of low-fat products, it has been soft cheeses such as Petit Suisse, Genrais or Fromase Frais. Cream recommended to use substances that partially or entirely substitute for cheese is used to make cheesecakes, salads, spreads and dips [1]. In fat and developed similar characteristics [6]. traditional cheese making, rennet and/or lactic acid bacteria coagulate milk. The concentration takes place after whey drainage. Ultrafiltration Xanthan can be used in foods and other segments as a thickening, substitutes the whey drainage for soft cheese varieties [2]. Membrane stabilizing and emulsifying agent and, in synergism with other gums, Ultrafiltration has been successfully applied in the manufacture of soft can act as a gelling agent [7]. Cellulose derivatives such as cheeses such as Camembert, feta and cream cheese. Covacevich and carboxymethyl cellulose are one of the most edible gums [8,9]. Kosikowski [3] first proposed the manufacture of cream cheese using Carboxymethyl cellulose is from the Hydrocolloids which have been ultrafiltration. used in the food industry and other industries as stabilizer, thickener, suspension, and maintenance of water extensively [10-12]. Scientific evidences and findings reveal the correlation between extensive use of fatty foods and increasing risk of some diseases such as In this study, we examined the effect of various concentrations of excessive obesity, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, Xanthan gum and Carboxymethyl cellulose as fat replacer on Chemical hypertension, histological traumas and some types of cancer. and sensory attributes of cream cheese. Consequently, and by raising the people's awareness of fat consumption, a considerable increase in demanding of low-fat foods Materials and Method including low-fat cheeses has been developed. Cheese fat not only has a nutritive role, but also it acts positively to improve its texture and Preparation of cream cheese appearance. Low-fat cheeses have defects such as firm and rubbery texture, unfavorable color and taste, and weak melting ability. By The bovine milk was first standardized to the fat content of about o decreasing the fat amount, cheese protein network becomes more tight 6%. Milk was heated at 60 C, bactufugate and homogenized at 100 bar. o o and compact and cheese texture turns chewy [4]. Thus, new strategies Then pasteurized at 80 C for 1 min and cooling to 23 C. The were developed to produce low-fat cheese with the same characteristics pasteurized milk was inoculated with a mesophilic starter culture and of high-fat cheese, some of which are: modifying ordinary methods in Int J Adv Technol, an open access journal Volume 8 • Issue 1 • 1000175 ISSN: 0976-4860 Citation: Salari S, Zanganeh M, Fadavi A, Ahmadi Z (2017) Effect of Xanthan Gum and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Cream Cheese. Int J Adv Technol 8: 175. doi:10.4172/0976-4860.1000175 Page 2 of 6 also 0.005% rennet and incubated at this temperature until the pH The lowest pH recorded for control sample. The cause of it was that reached a value of 4.95. acidity reduction leads to weakness of protein bands by repulsion of charges existed on protein surface, so as the negative charges on the The curd was heated, after coagulation and concentrate in UF surface of casein molecule were declined by pH increase. Also in a system. After concentrating by UF, salt (1% w/w), Xanthan gum (0.005, study, the pH of the cream cheeses was 4.7 and reaches 4.8 after the 20 0.17, 0.3%) and Carboxymethyl cellulose (0.02, 0.11 and 0.2%) added weeks of storage [21]. as fat replacer. Finally, samples pasteurized at 78oC, homogenized at o 170 bar and cooling to 4-6 C. Treatment code number were following Dry Treatment No NaCl F.D.M Protein Fat pH as, No 1: xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.02%, No 2: xanthan 0.05 + CMC 0.2%, matter No 3: xanthan 0.17 + CMC 0.11%, No 4: xanthan 0.3 + CMC 0.2%, No ab b a c ab a 5: xanthan 0.3 + CMC 0.02%, No 6: control without hydrocolloids. 1 0.84 60.52 30.975 6.005 18.75 4.94 2 0.895 a 63.265a 30.02 b 6.67 b 19 a 4.91 a Chemical analysis 3 0.845 ab 60.105b 30.36 ab 7.31 a 18.25 b 4.94 a The fat content of cream cheeses was determined by Gerber method a a ab ab ab a [13]. The pH of cheese samples was measured with a digital pH meter 4 0.9 62.475 30.36 7.005 18.75 4.915 (Mettler Toledo PH meter, model seven easy, Switzerland). Cheese was 5 0.885 ab 59.94 b 30.02 b 7.015 ab 18 c 4.9 a analyzed for moisture content by vacuum-oven method [14]. Salt content was determined according to Bradley et al. [15]. The Kjeldahl 6 0.82 b 50.005b 30.82 a 7.2 ab 18.5 ab 4.885 a method was used to determine total protein content of samples [14]. Table 1: Chemical properties of cream cheese samples. Sensory evaluation Figure 1 showed that with increase the level of used gum, pH of The sensory evaluation was carried out for samples. Cream cheeses samples increased. These were against to the results of the research by evaluated for their odor, flavor, texture, color and overall acceptability. Ghanbari Shendi et al., but agree with results of Soukoulis and Tzia The panel consisted of 6 members from students and university staff [22] and Hematyar et al. [23] about effect of hydrocolloids on frozen and scores were obtained as described by Nikjooy et al. [16] by rating yoghurt. pH of samples in this study almost closed to the results the above quality characteristics using the following rating scale: published by Fadaei et al. [20], as they recorded the pH of cream 5=Excellent, 4=Good, 3=fair, 2=Poor and 1=Very poor. cheese between 4.74-4.8. Statistical analysis The results were modeling and analysed using the central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). Significant differences between treatments were determined using Spss software and the means were compared using ANOVA analysis followed Duncan's test at 5% level (p<0.05) [17]. Results and Discussion Chemical properties The main purpose of this study was to prepare functional low fat cream cheese; this could be achieved by replacing cream (control) the basic resource of milk fat by xanthan gum and CMC.
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