ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution pecies S

of Rotifera, Paranoá reservoir, Brasília, central Brazil 1* 2 1 ists L Claudia Padovesi-Fonseca , Luciana de Mendonça-Galvão and Clayton Andreoni-Batista

1 Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Núcleo de Estudos Limnológicos (NEL). Bloco B, Térreo. CEP 70910- 900. Brasília, DF, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Universidade Católica de Brasília, Laboratório de Ecologia. CEP 71966-700. Taguatinga, DF, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail:

Abstract:

This study examined from Lake Paranoá, an urban reservoir of central Brazil, within an exploratory sampling (from 1996 to 2005) on littoral and deeper areas in the lake and from the mouth of the tributaries of the lake (Torto and Bananal - north part, Gama and Riacho Fundo - south part) and registered five genera and 33 species are new records for the reservoir. This reservoir was subject to intense eutrophication at least during thirty years (1960 to 1998). Since 1999, when the lake underwent intentional flushing, shifts in species composition of rotifers were identified. Four new records were exclusives in triburary of Lake Paranoá. An expressive number of non planktonic species were registered in pelagic zone of Lake Paranoá, specially belong to Collothecidae.

Introduction region of Brasília, central Brazil. The regional climate has

Lake Paranoá is an urban reservoir, which was two well-defined periods: a cool-dry winter (from May to subjected to intense eutrophication due to human September) and a warm-rainy summer (from October to occupation of the catchmentet al. area and nutrients inflowet al. April). derived to inadequate sewage treatment, specially since The reservoir has an irregular form, with a central area the 1970s (Mattos 1997; Padovesi-Fonseca and four extended branches, correspondinget al. to the valleys 2009). During three decades, there wereCylindrospermopsis a dominance of former tributaries. More features of the reservoir can be raciborskiiof detritivorous microzooplankton and a monoculture obtained in Padovesi-Fonseca (2002) and Padovesi- of filamentous bluegreenMicrocystis algae, aeruginosa DataFonseca collection and Philomeno (2004). (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, 1972 as well as blooms of (Kützing) Kützing, 1846 (Branco and Senna 1996; Padovesi-Fonseca The samples were collected in tributary (Ribeirão and Philomeno 2004). do Gama) and pelagic zones of Lake Paranoá (reservoir Since 1993 nutrient loading in Paranoá reservoir has branches formed by the ancient tributaries). Sampling been reduced, as a resultet al. of the operation of a new sewage in the pelagic zone was carried out in both dry (August- treatment system and a water quality restoration process September, 1997-1999-2005) and rainy (January- (Padovesi-Fonsecaet al. 2009). Besides of this, there February 1998-2000-2005) seasons at two fixed collection were no obvious changes in the zooplankton community stations. The first station is located in the Riberão do Torto (Cavalcantiet al. 1997), and the predominance of species branch (15°44’57.7” S, 47°49’42.1” W) of the reservoir. usually related to eutrophicated systems (Padovesi- The second one is located in the Riacho Fundo branch Fonseca 2002). (15°49’81” S, 47°53’18” W) of the reservoir, and in this Changes in the zooplankton communityet have al. been station samples were also taken monthly and at 1, 3, 6 and observed only since 1999, after an intentional flushing 9 m during 2005. Samples were taken by vertical hauls occurred in Lake Paranoá (Padovesi-Fonseca 2001). (in the euphotic layer) with a 68 µm mesh plankton net. Thus, the reoligotrophicationet al. process has intensified Samples were taken at the depths using a 5 L Van-Dorn and there was a consequent water quality improvement bottle and filtered through a 68 µm mesh plankton net. (Padovesi-Fonseca 2009). Samples from tributary (Ribeirão do Gama) were taken The present study aimed to provide additional using a 20 L plastic pael and filtered through a 68 µm mesh information on species composition in Lake plankton net. In Ribeirão do Gama sampling carried out Paranoá, including eutrophicated and restoration periods. monthly from October 1999 to October 2000. Formalin 4 Rotifers data of Ribeirão do Gama (a tributary of Lake % solution was added as a fixative. et al. MaterialsParanoá) is andalso Methodsreported in this paper. Identification was based on Koste (1978), Koste and Study site Robertson (1983), José de Paggi (1989), Segers (1993) and Fernando (2002). Nomenclature and m³, were based by Segers (2007). Lake Paranoá (15°48’ S, 47°47’ W) is a large, relatively6 Selected specimens were deposited in the collections shallow reservoir (area 38.1 km², volume 498.6 x 10 of NEL (Nucleous of Limnological Studies): Laboratory of max. depth 40 m, mean depth 13 m), situated in the urban Limnology UnB (Universidade de Brasília) and Laboratory Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 248 Padovesi-Fonseca et al. | Rotifera, Paranoá reservoir, Brazil

Resultsof Zoology and UCB Discussion (Universidade Católica de Brasília). The volume filtered for zooplankton samples and the , Kellicotia, Mytilina, sampling frequency may alsoe. g. have influence to cover Notholca, Trichotria the rotiferset diversity. al. While in previous studies only 5 L A total of five genera ( were filtered for samples ( Branco and Senna, 1996; ) and 33 species are new records for Cavalcanti 1997), we filtered 70 L (1997 and 1998) Lake Paranoá, central Brazil (Table 1). Collotheca to 210 L (1999, 2000 and 2005) of water for sampling in ornataFrom ornata 1997 to 1998, four taxa Polyarthra were added euryptera to the the pelagic zone. rotifers list of Lake Trichocerca Paranoá, as chattoni four species: A potential water quality improvement verified in Lake Notholca (Tschugunoff, 1921), Paranoá may also be responsible to richness increase (Wierzejski, 1891), (de Beauchamp, ofe. Rotifera.g. Effects on planktonet al.diversity have been 1907) and sp. In 1999-2000, there was a great documented and related to water quality improvement species richness increase with new 21 rotifersBrachionus records ( Gaedke 1998; Jeppensen 2002). When the calyciflorusand in 2005 amphicerusseven rotifers taxa were added. Two speciesFilinia reservoir had undergone an intense eutrophication terminaliswere registered only at nine meters, 2005: process, et zooplankton al. A was dominated by detritivorous (Ehrenberg, 1838) and microzooplankton (Branco and Senna 1996; Padovesi- (Plate, 1886). Brachionus quadridentatus Fonseca 2002). fter theop. intentional cit. flushing, large-et New records Lecane were luna exclusives taxa for RibeirãoMytilina do al.bodied herbivorous plankton have been registered in this mucronataGama (tributary): four species, Trichotria tetractis reservoir (Padovesi-Fonseca ; Elmoor-Loureiro Hermann, 1783, (O. F. Muller,Mytilina 1776), and Trichotria 2004). (Muller, 1773) and Usually rotifers were considered to be cosmopolitan (Ehrenberg, 1830), with two genera due to their high capacities of dispersal, resistant stages, included only in this site. and their mechanisms of dormancy (Fernando 2002). According to families, the greatest species richness However, early rotifer distribution studies describe a increase was registered for Brachionidae (eight species), restricted distribution ranges by many species in relation followed by Gastropodidae (five species), Collothecidae to latitudinal gradients or more defined biogeographic (four species), and Synchaetidae and Filiniidae (three patterns (Dumont 1983; Green 1994). species each). Rotifers from Gastropodidae were observed Rotifers registered from Ribeirão do Gama (tributary) only in this study. et are typical species in littoral habitats and often associated al. This present study increased rotifer diversity in Lake with plants (Sládecek 1983), loricate and generally with Paranoá from 38 taxa until 1991 (see Padovesi-Fonseca retracted body. Also, a relevant number of non planktonic 2001) to 71 taxa, refering to 33 species and five genera species were registered in pelagic zone of Lake Paranoá. as new records (Table 1). From 33 new records, nine species were non planktonic, Such richness increase represented the sampling effort specially belong to Collothecidae in Torto branch of the due to exploratory studies on different habitats (pelagic lake. This fact confirms the importance to increase the etzone al. and stream) and spatial design (at various depths), as sampling effort in order to cover the diversity spectrum revealed for Cladocera in Lake Paranoá (Elmoor-Loureiro present in aquatic ecosystems, as discussed by Starling Table 2004).1. (2000) for central Brazil.A et al. B,C,D Rotifers recorded in Paranoá Lake basin, central Brazil, based on early studies (1965-1991 ) and present study (1997-2005 ). *= new records; A = Padovesi-Fonseca 2002; B = Lake Paranoá branches: Riacho Fundo and Torto; C = Lake Paranoá branches: Riacho Fundo and Torto, Ribeirão do GamaFAMILIES (tributary / SPECIESof the lake); D = Lake Paranoá branch: ARiacho Fundo.- A A A B 1 C D

Asplanchnidae 1965 - 1968 1983 1984 1988 - 1989 1991 1997 - 1998 999 - 2000 2005 Asplanchna girodi + + + + +

Asplanchna * de Guerne, 1888 + * +

Brachionidaesp.

Anuraeopsis fissa fissa + + + + + +

Anuraeopsis (Gosse, 1851) + *

Brachionus angularissp. * + + + +

Brachionus calyciflorus Gosse, calyciflorus 1851 + + + + + +

Brachionus calyciflorus amphiceros Pallas, 1766 * + *

Brachionus dolabratus (Ehrenberg,* 1838) + *

Brachionus falcatus Harring, 1915 + + + + +

Brachionus quadridentatusZacharias, 1898 * + *

Kellicottia bostoniensis Hermann, 1783* + * +

Keratella americana (Rousselet, 1908) + + + + + +

Carlin, 1943 Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 249 Padovesi-Fonseca et al. | Rotifera, Paranoá reservoir, Brazil

Table 1. Continued.

FAMILIES / SPECIES A - A A A B 1 C D

Keratella cochlearis 1965 - 1968 1983 1984 1988 -+ 1989 1991+ 1997 -+ 1998 999 -+ 2000 2005+ Keratella cochlearis var.Gosse, tecta 1851 * + *

Keratella lenzi * (Gosse, 1851) + * +

Keratella tropica Hauer, 1953 + + + + +

Notholca * Apstein, 1907 + *

Platyias quadricornis sp. +

Collothecidae (Ehrenberg, 1832)

Collotheca cf. ambigua * + *

Collotheca mutabilis (Hudson, 1883) + + +

Collotheca ornata ornata(Hudson, 1885) * + * + +

Collotheca ornata cornuta(Tschugunoff, 1921)* + * +

Collotheca * Ehrenberg, 1832 + * +

Colurellidaesp.

Colurella obtusa + +

Colurella uncinata (Gosse, 1886) + + +

Lepadella patella (O. F. Muller, 1773) +

Epiphanidae (O. F. Muller, 1786)

Epiphanes +

Euchlanidaesp.

Euchlanis dilatata + +

Euchlanis * Ehrenberg, 1832 + *

Filiniidaesp.

Filinia limnetica + + + +

Filinia longiseta limnetica(Zacharias, 1889) * + *

Filinia opoliensis (Zacharias,* 1889) + *

Filinia pejleri (Zacharias, 1898) + +

Filinia terminalis Hutchinson, 1964* + *

Flosculariidae (Plate, 1886)

Ptygura libera + + +

Ptygura Myers,* 1934 + *

Gastropodidae sp.1,* sp.2

Ascomorpha cf. ecaudis * + * +

Ascomorpha ovalis Perty, 1850 * + *

Ascomorpha saltans (Bergendal, 1892)* + * +

Gastropus Bartsch,* 1870 + *

Hexarthridae sp.1* sp.2

Conochilus dossuarius + + + + + + +

Conochilus hippocrepis (Hudson, 1875) * + *

Conochilus unicornis (Schrank, 1803)* + * +

Hexarthra intermedia Rousselet, 1892 + + + + +

Lecanidae Hauer, 1953

Lecane hamata + + +

(Stokes, 1896)

Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 250 Padovesi-Fonseca et al. | Rotifera, Paranoá reservoir, Brazil

Table 1. Continued.

FAMILIES / SPECIES A - A A A B 1 C D

Lecane leontina 1965 -+ 1968 1983 +1984 1988 -+ 1989 1991+ 1997 -+ 1998 999 -+ 2000 2005 Lecane luna (Turner, 1892) * + *

Mytilinidae(O. F. Muller, 1776)

Mytilina mucronata * + *

Notommatidae (Muller, 1773)

Cephalodella forticata + + + +

Philodinidae (Ehrenberg, 1832)

Rotaria rotatoria + + + +

Pedaliaceae (Pallas, 1766)

Pedalia +

Synchaetidae sp.

Polyarthra euryptera * + *

Polyarthra cf. dolichoptera(Wierzejski, 1891) * + * +

Polyarthra vulgaris (Idelson, 1925) + + + + + + +

Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin,f. proloba 1934 * + * +

Synchaeta pectinata Wulfert + + + +

Testudinellidae Ehrenberg, 1832

Testudinella patina + + +

Trichocercidae (Hermann, 1783)

Trichocerca capucina + + + + +

Trichocerca chattoni (Wierzejski and Zacharias,* 1893) + * + +

Trichocerca pusilla (de Beauchamp, 1907) + + + + + +

Trichocerca similis (Lauterborn, 1898) + + + + +

Trichocerca (Wierzejski, 1893) + +

Trichotriidaesp.

Trichotria tetractis * + *

Trochosphaeridae(Ehrenberg, 1830)

Horaella thomassoni + + +

Trochosphaera Koste,1973 +

sp. Acknowledgments:

This study is a result of the research program on Gaede, U. 1998. The response of the pelagicArchiv food für Hydrobiologie web to re- trophic state evaluation in Lake Paranoá carried by NEL (Nucleous of Specialoligotrophication Issues Advances of large in Limnology and deep lake (L. Constance): evidence Limnological Studies). The authors thank Brazilian National Research for scale-dependent hierarchical patterns? Council (CNPq) for a grant to C. Andreoni-Batista (Master Scholarship). Hydrobiologia 53: 317-333. We are grateful to Dayani de Fátima Pereira and Mariana Gomes Green, J. 1994. The temperate-tropical gradient of planktonic Protozoa LiteraturePhilomeno for Cited field assistance. and Rotifera. 272: 13-26. Jeppesen, E., J.P. Jensen and M. Sondergaard. 2002.Aquatic Response Ecosystem of phytoplankton,Health and Management zooplankton and fish to re-oligotrophication: an Branco, C.W.C. and P.A.C. Senna. 1996. Relations among heterotrophic eleven year study of twenty-three Danish lakes. Hydrobiologiabacteria, clorophyll-a, total phytoplankton, total zooplankton and argentino. Revue d’Hydrobiologie 5: 9-21. Tropicale physical and chemical features in Paranoá Reservoir, Brasília, Brazil. José de Paggi, Rotatoria S. 1989. RotiferosDie Rodertiere de algumas Mitteleuropas provincias begründet del noroeste von Max 337: 171-181. Voigt - Mongononta. 22: 223-238. Cavalcanti,watershed. C.G.B., Verhandlungen M.T. Pinto, des H.J. Internationalen Freitas and R.C.A. Verein Moreira.Limnologie 1997. Koste, W. 1978. Paranoá lake restoration: impact of tertiary treatment of sewage in 2 vols. Stuttgart: Borntraeger. 238 p. Hydrobiologia 26: Koste, W. and B. Robertson. 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera 689-693. (PhylumAmazoniana Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzea lake, Lago Dumont, H.J. 1983. Biogeography of rotifers. 104: 19-30. Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil). Elmoor-Loureiro,Brazilian Journal L.M.A., of Biology L. Mendonça-Galvão and C. Padovesi-Fonseca. 8: 225-254. 2004. New cladoceran recordsA guide fromto tropical Lake freshwaterParanoá, central zooplankton. Brazil. Mattos, S.P., V.R. Estuqui and C.G.B. Cavalcanti. 1997.Verhandlungen Lake Paranoá des Identification, ecology and 64(3A): impact 415-422. on fisheries Internationalen(Brazil): limnological Verein aspectsLimnologie with emphasis on the distribution of Fernando, C.H. (ed.). 2002. the zooplanktonic community (1982 to 1994). . Leiden: Backhuys 26: 542-547. Publishers. 290 p. Padovesi-Fonseca, C. and M.G. Philomeno. 2004. Effects of algicide (copper Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | 2011 251 Padovesi-Fonseca et al. | Rotifera, Paranoá reservoir, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology Zootaxa sulfate) application on short-term fluctuations of phytoplankton in Segers, H. 2007. Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera) Lake Paranoá, central Brazil. 64(4): 819- with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution.Hydrobiology 826. Thermocyclops decipiens 1564: 1-104. Padovesi-Fonseca, C., L. Mendonça-Galvão and D.L.P. Rocha. Revista 2002. Sládecek, V. 1983. Rotifers as indicators of water quality. deTemporal Biología fluctuation Tropical and reproduction of 100: 169-201. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in an eutrophic lake of central Brazil. Starling,Brazilian F.L.R.M. Journal 2000. of Comparative Biology study of the zooplankton composition 50(1): 57-68. of six lacustrine ecosystems in central Brazil, during the dry season. Padovesi-Fonseca,central Brazil. Acta C., M.G.Limnologica Philomeno Brasiliensis and C. Andreoni-Batista. 2009. 60(1): 101-111. Limnological features after a flushing event in Paranoá Reservoir, 21(3): 277-285. In Padovesi-Fonseca, C., L.Olhares Mendonça-Galvão, sobre o Lago D.F.Paranoá. Pereira, M.G. Philomeno and D.L.P. Rocha. 2001. O zooplâncton do Lago Paranoá; p. 115-117 F.O. Fonseca (ed.). Brasília: Secretaria Received: November 2010 do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos do Distrito Federal.Hydrobiologia Last Revised: April 2011 Segers, H., C.S. Nwadiaro and H.J. Dumont. 1993. Rotifera of some lakes in Accepted: April 2011 the floodplain of the River Niger (Imo State, Nigeria). Published online: May 2011 250: 63-79. Editorial responsibility: Inga Ludmila Veitenheimer Mendes

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