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Sustainable Options for Victorian Brown Coal in a Carbon Constrained World

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Sustainable Options for Victorian Brown Coal in a Carbon Constrained World Sustainable options for Victorian Brown Coal in a carbon constrained world • Regional Partnerships Overview • Sustainable Prosperity: The 5-P’s • Energy Policy Perspectives & Statistics • Australia’s Energy Resources • Energy Evolution & Innovation • Brown Coal Characteristics • Product Pathways & the Size of the Prize • Solid Fuel Process Overview • Carbon Capture Utilisation & Storage • Science & Innovation Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar Roland Davies 10 May 2019 Victoria’s nine Regional Partnerships were established by the Victorian Government in 2016 recognising that local communities are in the best position to understand the challenges and opportunities faced by their region › Resource rich Gippsland is one of the most diverse regions in Australia with abundant Natural Resources, leading to Energy Gippsland Shires Generation, Agriculture, Forestry, Tourism and Manufacturing Bass Coast Baw Baw › Population of ~260,000 people East Gippsland › Gross Regional Product of ~$15.8 Bn Latrobe City › Land area of around ~33,000 square kilometres South Gippsland Wellington › Hub of Victoria’s Energy Production (Electricity & Natural Gas) › An area of great Natural Beauty spanning from the Coast to the Mountains The global shift towards a low-carbon economy has created new opportunities and challenges for Gippsland Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 2 Achieving Sustainable Prosperity through Innovation Global Sustainability Business Drivers Profit Progress › People – Quality of Life Purpose › Planet – Sustainable Ecosystems Planet › Purpose – Raison d'être › Progress – Adaptive Innovation People › Profit – Competitive Productivity Victoria’s Energy Resources can deliver Sustainable Prosperity through Innovation Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 3 Global Climate Initiatives, Recent Climate Events and Supply Shortfalls are shaping Australia’s current Energy & Emissions Policies. There is still some divergence between Federal and State Government Policies on the Scope, Timing & Quantum of future Emission Reduction targets. There is Bi-Partisan Support for “Australia transitioning to a new energy future” with current focus on Energy Affordability, Energy Security & Renewables Share Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 4 Including changes from previous years Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 5 Coal Statement - Key Policy Objectives: › Using brown coal resources in a manner that maximises its long term value for Victorians and is consistent with our economic, social and environmental priorities, while promoting jobs and investment. › Fully implementing recommendations from the Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry › Setting new emissions standards for future brown coal projects: » Projects with Coal usage >27Ktpa » Offset Emissions and use available CCUS options » Initial Target: 0.3 t CO2-e / t coal or 0.45 t CO2-e / MWh › Preference is to source brown coal from existing mines where practicable › Adopting an ‘open for business’ approach to supporting new investment and research opportunities in projects using brown coal › Completing the CarbonNet Project is a key priority Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 6 Personal View: › Australia is moving into a carbon constrained future, which provides a pathway for the gradual decarbonisation of energy by 2050 › Fossil Fuel and Renewable energy resources will continue to make a significant contribution to Australia’s Energy mix in the intervening period › The community expects safe, reliable, affordable and sustainable energy options to be available › The energy industry has a key role to play in gradually reducing emissions while continuing to provide secure and affordable energy for Australian households and businesses › Innovation through Research and International Collaboration will be essential to achieve these objectives Victoria has abundant natural energy resources that can be leveraged in a sustainable way, to bring significant economic value, employment and prosperity to the Gippsland Region Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 7 Economic Demonstrated Resources ENERGY RESOURCES Crude oil - 3,286 PJ Condensate - 7,421 PJ LPG - 2,633 PJ Conv Gas - 77,253 PJ CSG - 45,895 PJ Black Coal - 1,916,697 PJ Brown Coal - 754,855 PJ Uranium - 711,076 PJ BROWN COAL Australia’s 2nd Most Abundant Energy Resource! Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 8 Economically Winnable Resources 1900’s – 1970’s 1970’s – 2000’s 2000’s – 2050’s › Fossil Fuel and Renewable energy technologies have been evolving for over 100 years to meet the worlds energy needs › Japan and Australia have been valuable contributors to global energy innovation, with many successful partnerships forged › The future outlook for coal is for a broader range of energy products with greater focus on the environmental impact and sustainability of projects › Cost Effective CCS (CarbonNet) and CCU is a key future enabler! Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 9 A Low Rank Lignitic Coal, with low levels of impurities Ultimate Raw Proximate Fly-Ash Analysis Coal Analysis Analysis Ash ~3% Ash ~3% CaO N+S ~1% Dry Na2O Coal Fixed ~39% Carbon SO3 Carbon ~47% ~67.5% MgO Al2O3 Fe O Water 2 3 Volatile Hydrogen ~61% Matter ~4.7% ~50% SiO2 Oxygen ~23.8% Other Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 10 Majority of Processes require Brown Coal to be dried › Victorian Brown Coals (Lignites) have moderate to high moisture contents, and the majority of utilization processes requires the moisture to be removed › Moisture contents range from 53% to 67%, as received (AR%), considering in an alternate way, there is 1x – 2x more water than coal “Water you can Walk on” › Energy efficient coal drying or dewatering is therefore critical for use in any thermal based processes. › Numerous technology options have been developed to achieve effective drying, which can be configured as Separate or Integrated processes. › Drying/Dewatering processes are normally categorised as Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical (Electromagnetic Wave), Biological, or combinations. Steam Rotary Dryer Superheated Steam Dryer Fluidised Bed Dryer Flash Heat Dryer Brown Coal Densification High Velocity Air Mechanical Expression Hydrothermal Dewatering Microbial Hydrolysis Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 11 Drying Technology Vendors represented at JOGMEC Seminar Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 12 Many pathways are available to leverage brown coal Raw Brown Direct Coal Liquefaction Ammonia Urea Methanol DME Victorian Gasifier Brown Coal (CO – H2) Chemical Hydrogen Coal Fuel Cell Drying Methane SNG ~13% Briquette MC Tar - Oil - Gas Pyrolysis Char – AC Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 13 Gasification, Pyrolysis & Torrefaction Thermo-chemical Processes have been undertaken since the 1800’s to derive energy from coal and other organic material into a form that can be utilised directly as a gas or processed into other products; thermo-chemical processes include: » Gasification - Uses heat and pressure to break coal fuel down into base chemical constituents and oxygenated compounds, leaving a small amount of solid residue; » Pyrolysis - Decomposes coal at elevated temperatures in a depleted oxygen environment which results in a large amount of solid residue (Char); and » Torrefaction – Lower temperature process used on biomass, lignite and other high moisture feedstocks to remove light volatiles as gas. › Brown Coal is particularly suitable for Thermo-chemical processes due to its high Volatile content (~50%) and resultant reactivity NSE ECOPRO 20t/day Pilot Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 14 BasicIntegrateUtilise Process availableBy-Products W2EBiomass Process CCUS tointo as reduce Fuel Optionstothe enhance ProcessSource CO2 to Emissionsreduce Flexibility & Product CO2 &Footprint Performance H2O BRIQUETTES CCUS RAW COAL COAL PRESS Vertical COAL DRYER (Briquetter) Kilns LUMP CHAR Rotary GROUND Kilns CHAR Crushing and Screening CCUS Carbon ACTIVATED CARBON BIOMASS Grus Kilns CCUS Steam for drying Kiln Gas GENSETBIOMASS Fine WASTE Gas/LiquidsSYNGAS STEAM GASIFIERCarbon ELECTRICITY MSW CombustorProcess BOILER Processing Process CCUS Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May 2019 15 Carbonisation Processes can yield a wide range of products Raw Coal Briquettes Char AC Coal Gas Products Tar & Liquid Products 10.4 Kt • Methane • Penatnone-Hydrox-Methyl 17.5 Kt ] ~30% • Phenol 36.5 Kt • Hydrogen Activated • P-Cresol 39.3 Kt • Ethylene Carbon • Napthalene Liquids • Ethane Gas • Carbon Dioxide • Carbon Monoxide ~33% COAL DEMAND RAW COAL BRIQUETTE CHAR LIQUID GAS AC Char (Dry Ash-Free) Carbon Content (%Db) 68% 68% 91% 76% 44% 91% 99% Ratio 100% 42% 19% 4% 7% 10% 60.7 Product 100.0 Kt 41.8 Kt 18.5 Kt 4.0 Kt 6.5 Kt 10.4 Kt Raw Coal:Char Ratio Moisture 60.7 Kt 5.2 Kt 1.0 Kt 540% Kt Base Mass [inc Ash] 39.3 Kt 36.5 Kt 17.5 Kt 4.0 Kt 6.5 Kt 10.4 Kt Carbon 67.5% 26.5 Kt 24.7 Kt 16.0 Kt 3.05 Kt 2.83 Kt Surface Area Raw Coal:Briq Ratio Hydrogen 4.7% 1.8 Kt 1.7 Kt .08 Kt .30 Kt .91 Kt 500-2,000m3 239% Oxygen 23.8% 9.4 Kt 8.7 Kt .01 Kt .65 Kt 2.72 Kt per Gram Briq Moisture ULTIMATE Ash & Inorganics 4.0% 1.56 Kt 1.45 Kt 1.45 Kt .00 Kt .00 Kt 12.50% Moisture Loss 98.4% 55.5 Kt 4.2 Kt Moisture Excluded LOSS Victorian Government – JOGMEC Investment Seminar 10 May
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