United Holy Church Of

The Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Translated from Assyrian into English by Youel A. Baaba

Daniel D. Benjamin

Euphrates 2008 First Gorgias Press Edition, 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey

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I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Mr. Francis Sarguis for editing the English translation.

PREFACE

The manuscripts dealing with the teachings and history of a faith are generally preserved in its churches, monasteries and libraries. Reviewing such sources, a researcher learns the sacraments of that faith and its missionary activities. Unfortunately, the majority of manuscripts of the Church of the East were destroyed by non-Christians or those who opposed the church and its doctrine. What little that was spared is generally found today in the Chaldean Catholic churches. The loss of precious manuscripts is only part of the tragedy experi- enced by this faith. Throughout its history, its land, churches, monasteries and cultural institutions have been ransacked and destroyed, while tens of thousands of its adherents were murdered. This explains in large measure why, after several centuries of ravage, the Assyrian nation and its ancient church have been reduced to a feeble minority largely bereft of its rich heri- tage. As if these calamities were not enough, yet two more disasters would further weaken the church: 1. The advent of foreign missionaries who came in the guise of sup- porters of the Church of the East but in fact sparked division between this church and those of the Presbyterian, the Orthodox and the Catholic churches. 2. The schism induced by the bitter personal rivalry between Patriarch Mar Eshai Shimun XXI and the Indian Metropolitan, Mar Toma Darmo dating back to the early 1960s. The deposition of the metropolitan led him to abandon his pastoral duties and return to Baghdad. Once arrived, and with the endorsement of the Iraqi government, he proceeded to ordain bishops who in turn ordained him patriarch. It was thus that the Church of the East came to be split into two separate institutions, one under the leadership of Mar Addai II, the other led by Mar Dinkha IV. Predictably, each of them justifies the legitimacy of his leadership while denigrating that of the other.

v vi THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

The bitterness of this divide has affected every Assyrian to the core. The reader will note that I did not make reference to either of the current patriarchs in the lists included with this study. Notwithstanding the paucity of surviving manuscripts, I conducted a detailed search and studied a variety of sources. Where appropriate, I have pointed out the errors in a source and this will hopefully be useful to researchers in this field. In partial vindication of my work, I take the liberty to quote from a recent note sent to me by Professor Sebastian Brock, a long- time Oxford-based expert in the history and literature of the Churches of the East: “Dear Daniel Benjamin, I was delighted to find in the Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, just arrived, that I share much of contents with you! Your piece on the patriarchs [of Church of the East]) is most useful. Many congratulations on all your fine works.” It will be apparent to the reader that the present sources are not agreed as to the exact names of the patriarchs or the period in which they occupied the apostolic seat. There is a twofold explanation for this incompatibility: One, the various schisms occurring in the Church’s history; Two, the dearth of reliable old church manuscripts. In this work, I offer a patriarchal chronology (List 1) and the dates of patriarchal tenure (List 2) based on specific sources. Errors found in these sources have been referenced in the footnotes to each list. The following three errors have been given particular attention, because, in turn, they led to egregious errors resulting from illiteracy. The patriarchal chronology (list 1) and the period of their occupation of the apostolic seat (list 2) that I have compiled are based on specific sources and the mistakes that exist in them have been referenced in the footnotes of these two lists. The following three errors have been given particular attention, because, in turn, they led to egregious errors resulting from illiteracy. 1. Simon Peter was listed as patriarch of the Church of the East in these sources: a. In the Book of Pearl published by Kashisha Yosip D’Kelaita, Simon Peter is listed as the first patriarch while he was not listed in the book of Partoote which was published by the above mentioned Kashisha in the city of Urmia. b. In his English translation of the Book of Pearl, Mar Eshai Shi- mun XXI lists Simon Peter following the footsteps of Kashisha Yosip D’Kelaita. PREFACE vii

c. The book of Professor Gewargis David Malik lists Simon Peter as the second patriarch of the Church of the East after Apostle Thomas. This error is based on a phrase found in the First Epistle of Peter, Chapter 5, verse 13, in which he says “The chosen church which is at Baby- lon, salutes you.” There is not a single historical document that confirms Simon Peter visited Babylon. At that time, this city was destroyed and the remaining Jewish generations that were taken captive to Babylon on March 2, 606 BC by King of Kings Nebuchadnezzar had already returned to Jerusalem after 70 years of living in the land of Diaspora, by the permission of Cyrus I, the Persian King in 536 BC. Moreover, all remaining residents of Babylon in 275 BC were taken as immigrants to Seleucia, the capital of Seleucian Em- pire. At the time Simon Peter wrote his epistle, the Jews had not yet forgot- ten the bitter days that their forefathers had spent in Diaspora under the authority of Babylon, their first exodus. In his epistle, Simon Peter is referring to the city of Rome, their new Diaspora whose authority at that time extended to the land of Judea. Another indication that he is referring to Rome as Babylon comes from the book of Revelation of John where he states in chapter 17, verses 5–9 “Babylon the great, the mother of harlots …… and the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads…..” The city of Rome, as is known to all, is built on seven hills. 2. In the latter years of his patriarchate, Mar Eshai Shimun changed his title from Mar Shimun XXI to Mar Shimun XXIII. The reader will see clearly in the text of this study that this change has no valid historical basis. 3. The present patriarch, Mar Dinkha took the title of Mar Dinkha IV based on the list prepared by Kashisha Iskhaq Rehana which erroneously includes a Mar Dinkha III in the 14th century, who in reality did not exist. The correct title of the present patriarch should be Mar Dinkha III. After three years of extensive research, I have prepared a new chronology of the patriarchs (list 3). This work is offered in the hope that it will provide a legitimate basis for correcting long-standing inaccuracies in previ- ous patriarchal chronologies of the Church of the East.

Daniel D Benjamin

THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

There is not a fully reliable document in which the names of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East are listed chronologically nor where the periods during which they occupied the seat of its leadership are accurately defined. Such an absence is understandable, considering that the history of the Church of the East is buried in the depths of ancient times, making it unlikely that such documents and records—even if they once existed— would have survived to the present. Over the past two millennia, Middle East Christians generally, and members of our nation specifically, have ex- perienced indescribable afflictions. The disasters befalling our nation, first under paganism, then due to religious discrimination, have resulted in the loss of thousands of old religious manuscripts and cultural writings that existed in churches, monasteries, and schools. What remains is woefully small, and most of a few centuries-old have been preserved in museums of the European countries and in particular at the Vatican, in Rome. With the passage of twenty centuries, compiling a reliable list of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East and accurately specifying their tenure of the apostolic seat is a difficult, if not impossible task. To verify a date with certainty, it is necessary to dig in the depths of history. But the conclu- sions of one particular researcher may be at variance with that of his or her colleagues. This difficulty became obvious to this writer, when the two relevant lists attached here were compiled and made part of this writing. In comparing the names of the patriarchs and the dates of their occupation of the apostolic seat as noted in these two lists, we see that generally they coincide. However, in the list prepared by Mar Eshai Shimun1 which documents, inter alia, patriarchal dates in the first three centuries, we see clear divergence from the other sources. In his list, Mar Eshai Shimun has included three patriarchs who are not mentioned on any other list. On the other hand, what he lists from the fourth century to the beginning of the

1 It should be noted that while we refer to this list as that of Mar Eshai Shi- mun, in reality the list was developed by Kashisha Iskhak Rehana at the request of the Patriarch.

1 2 THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST sixteenth century is nearly identical to the other sources. It is possible that all those who documented the history of the patriarchs from the 4th to the 16th centuries, relied on sources which were compatible with one another. This compatibility is evident when we look at List # 2 attached. In particular, we note the compatibility of dates of patriarchal tenure from Shimun I Bar Sabbai (Patriarch No. 14) to Shimun VI (Patriarch No. 96). It was just after this period that a schism occurred in the Church of the East, splitting it into two branches, and still later splitting it into three branches. During this latter period, one may clearly see the incompatibility between the Mar Eshai Shimun list and the other lists. A closer look at the history of the leadership of the Church of the East is key to understanding the reason for these competing lists.

1. THE LIST OF KASHISHA YOSIP DEKELAITA Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita prepared this list and published it in, “The Book of Marganitha”2 in 1924. It is similar to the list of patriarchs in the book of Partote3 (the third source) which was arranged by the above mentioned Kashisha and published in 1898 in the City of Urmia. The differences between these two sources are minimal. • Simon Peter was mentioned on the top of the list in The Book of Marganitha but was omitted from the book of Partote. Kashisha DeKelaita included it in the list based on a phrase in epistle of Pe- ter I, chapter 5, verse 13, in which he says, “She who is in Baby- lon, chosen together with you, sends you her greetings.” • The Book of Marganitha contains the names of fourteen patriarchs following Shimun VII after the schism in the church (Yabh-

2 The Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity was written by Mar Abhd-Isho Bar Brikha, metropolitan of Nisibis and Armenia in 1298. The author translated this book into Arabic in 1312. The reference here is to the edition of Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita printed at the Assyrian Press of the Church of the East, Mosul, Iraq 1924. 3 The Book of Partute (crumbs or fragments) written in Aramaic and printed in Urmia at the press of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Mission, 1899. The book contains selected fragments from various sources in Aramaic. Shamasha Yosip DeKelaita made the selection of this material and organized it in the format that is printed. At the end of the book, DeKelaita included a list of the patriarchs of the Church of the East and the periods of their occupation of the Apostolic seat up to Shimun VII (Dinkha bar Mama). THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 3

Alaha IV to Eshai Shimun XXI) which do not appear in the book of Partote. In The Book of Partote and The Book of Marganitha, Kashisha DeKelaita does not mention the sources for the information appearing in his list. However, in a footnote at the bottom of page 134 of The Book of Marganitha, he states that due to unavailability of historical books, he compiled with laborious effort, the list in an outline form and brought it into existence with the help of Kashisha Suleiman Saegh (of the Chaldean Church) in the city of Mosul. A somewhat intriguing chronology may be seen not only in the list of Kashisha DeKelaita in The Book of Marganitha, but equally in all other sources included in List 2, including the reference of Albert Aboona. What we see is that from the beginning of the eighteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century (a period of 203 years, from 1700–2003), four patriarchs are said to have occupied the seat of leadership of the Church of the East, each one of them for a period of forty years exactly; and following them, a fifth patriarch is said to have served forty-three years. To the aver- age person, such neat division claiming equal duration of tenures raises some doubt. One is led to speculate that for the 203 years in question, the identity of the patriarchs and the period of their patriarchal tenure was not known, except for the names of five of them. The further supposition is that the list compiler simply divided this period in equal 40-year segments among the first four patriarchs, and ascribed a 43-year tenure to the fifth patriarch.

2. THE LIST OF MAR ESHAI SHIMUN The two lists we have compiled and which appear in this article were the product of a three-year study of numerous sources, poring over lists in different languages, and reading thousands of book pages. With the compilation of these two lists, we have concluded that the list of Mar Eshai Shimun included in The Book of Marganitha4 (which he translated into English from Kashisha DeKelaita’s edition), is riddled with egregious errors which in turn became the basis for additional distortions. Candor requires us to state unequivocally that in their list of patriarchs in The Book of Marganitha in the English language, neither Mar Eshai

4 The Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity, Mar Themotheus Memorial Printing and Publishing House Ltd., Ernakulam, Kerala, India, 1965. 4 THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

Shimun nor Kashisha Iskhak Rehana show the slightest evidence of seri- ous-minded research. As we have already noted, the list of patriarchs in The Book of Marganitha in the English language was put together by Kashisha Iskhak Rehana Bet Gadda. Kashisha Rehana makes his role clear, when he states: “In humble obedience to the profitable injunction of His Holiness the Catholicos Patriarch of the East, I, Kashisha Iskhaq Rehana d’beth Gadda, prepared this Tree (table) of the succession of the Catholicos Patri- archs of the East.” But in pursuing his task, Kashisha Rehana has relied on a questionable assumption, which is described in his own words as follows: “In the present Table of Succession, I have listed the dates that are ac- ceptable to the majority of various authors. For example, Mar Shimun Bar Sabbai, served on the Patriarchal See: From 320–330 according to The Book of Marganitha From 326–344 according to Amr Bar Mattay From 328–339 according to Patros From 328–340 according to Wigram From 323–341 according to Tupankchi From ? –341 according to Gewargis David Malech The date, therefore, agreed upon by the majority of these sources in the case of Mar Shimun Bar Sabbai is 328–341 and this I have recorded in this list. In like manner, I have acted in the case of all the Catholicos Patri- archs of the East.” The guidepost used by Kashisha Rehena constitutes questionable scholarship. This approach led to the mistakes in his list. For example, he recorded the certain patriarchal terms as follows: Shimun IV from 1403–1407 Shimun VI from 1448–1490 Shimun VIII from 1538–1551 But Kashisha Rehena’s dates are quickly disproven simply by examining their tombstones in the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd near the village of Alkosh. There, the engraved dates of their deaths reveals the following:5 Shimun IV passed away on February 20, 1497 Shimun VI passed away on March 5, 1538 Shimun VIII passed away on November 1, 1558

5 See source of Professor Heleen H. L. Murre-Van Den Berg (source 11 in List 1). THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 5

Also, Kashisha Iskhak Rehana did not include in his list the Great Mar Awa the First (536–552) who appears in all other lists. Mar Awa is one of the great Catholicos, with a number of significant texts and interpretations of both the Old and New Testament to his credit. His writings are listed in a work of Mar Odisho of Suwa on religious books6. Kashisha Rehana appears to have overlooked this fact. Kashisha Iskhak Rehana listed Elia IV erroneously as Elia III and earlier, he listed Elia Abu Khalim as Elia III. This is presumably a printing error. Elsewhere, Kashisha Rehana did not comply with his own customized guideline. His list includes three patriarchs, Bar Tulmai (33–?); Abd Mshikha (191–203); and Bar Ganbara (1135–1136), each of whom has re- ceived an “}” symbol after their names in lists 1 and 2, indicating that they do not exist in any of the other lists. Kashisha Iskhak Rehana included in his list Mar Dinkha III (1359– 1368) who is not listed in any of the other lists except on the list of Sham- asha Gewargis David Malech (source 6). And here too, Kashisha Rehana strayed from his own guideline, clearly ignoring the opinion of the majority of historians. This particular error has led to another one, in that, the current Patriarch was dubbed Mar Dinkha IV instead of the true sequence of Mar Dinkha III. It is worth mentioning that the late Aprim DeKelaita (the son of Kashisha Yopip DeKelaita), who participated in the consecration of the patriarch in England, admitted to this writer that he was equally guilty with others in selecting the title Dinkha IV. He stated that the mistake was based on the error made by Kashisha Rehana during the translation of the Book of Marganitha into English. Before Kashisha Iskhak Rehana, Professor Gewargis David Malech alone listed him in this manner and included in his list Mar Dinkha III (1359–1368). It is noteworthy to point out that: • David the son of Professor Gewargis David Malech, having realized the mistake made by his father, did not include Mar Dinkha III in his list that was published in the “Fragments on the History of Assyr- ians.”7 • Professor Coakley in one of his papers writes: “More significant is the addition of another Dinkha (‘III”) to the sequence. The origin of this

6 The Book of Marganetha, Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita’s version, page 70. 7 Pasiqatha d’tasheta d’athoraye,” Ephram Abraham Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1931. 6 THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

evidently non-existent figure seems to be as follows. Dinkha II reigned 21 years 10 months (!) according to Guriel.8 If he took office in 1329 he will have died in 1350/1; yet a patriarch Dinkha is firmly attested in 1364.9 This must then be another Dinkha.”10 Another point that has been a cause for debate is the change to the title of Eshai Shimun XXI (as it exists in all sources without any exception), to Eshai Shimun XXIII, found exclusively in the list of Kashisha Iskhak Rehana. This change was rationalized by Kashisha on the following grounds: 1. He counted Simon Peter as Shimun I 2. And Shimun Bar Sabbai (328–341) as Shimun II 3. And Shimun II (according to the list of Kashisha Yosip and all other lists) as Shimun III 4. Yabh-Alaha IV (according to the list of Kashisha Yosip, Albert Aboona and David Gewargis Malech) was listed as Shimun X. Thus he added two patriarchs to his list both bearing the title Shimun, and in the twinkling of the eye, Eshai Shimun XXI became Eshai Shimun XXIII. There is no official document that reveals the exact date of the change from Shimun XXI to Shimun XXIII, nor is any date given when it was used. As is the custom in the printing of liturgical books, Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita, director of the Assyrian Press of the Church of the East, has printed them “by permission of Mar Eshai Shimun XXI.” From the day that Mar Eshai Shimun was exiled from Iraq to the is- land of Cyprus (Friday, May 18, 1933) until Saturday, February 13, 1937, there is no authenticated document that indicates that the patriarch used the title Shimun XXIII. On February 13, 1937, Mar Eshai Shimun wrote an introduction in English for the book “The Nestorian Churches” without mentioning his “Shimunaya” title. He concluded his preface with his signature and follows:

8 J. F. Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, Uitgevrerij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, Leu- ven, 1999, pp.77. 9 (J. B. Abbelloos and T.J. Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi Chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 3, Paris and Louvain, 1877, est. cols, 3–62, 566–575. 10 In fact—Guriel’s figures being worthless—it was the same Dinkha. For further evidence see J.M. Vosté, “Mar Denha II Catholicos Nestorien,” OCP 12 (1946), 208–210. THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 7

Eshai Shimun By the Grace of God Catholicos Patriarch of the East The first inkling of a date for this change comes from the news cover- ing his arrival for the first time in the City of New York. On July 31, 1940, the editor of The New York Times wrote about the arrival of Mar Eshai Shimun to the United States of America, describing him as “the twenty third member of his family.” A second indication is the Patriarch’s photograph at a dinner party in January 1940 in the city of Yonkers, New York, where the photographer wrote on it “Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII.” It is pertinent to mention here that both of these sources point out that he is the 119th patriarch of his church, whereas the chronological list compiled by Kashisha Iskhak Rehana in his translation of the book of Marganetha, lists him as the 111th patriarch.

3. THE BOOK OF PARTOTE This book contains samples from the writings of thirty fathers of the church and other writers. The Anglican missionary, David Jenks participated in its compilation. Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita (then a Shamasha) ed- ited the collection. From its preface, we understand that Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita compiled the patriarchal list therein. However, there is no mention as to the sources from which he obtained the details. It is very possible that one of the sources on which Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita depended in preparing his list was the list of Gewargis David Malech. Though the Malech list was not published at the time, its existence was known to DeKelaita who worked with Kashisha Nestorus, (the son of Gewargis David Malech) in the Church Motwa.11 Simon Peter is not included in this list. The list includes the names of patriarchs up to Shimun VII (Dinkha bar Mama) at which time the schism occurred in the church and Yohannan Sulaka was ordained a patriarch by the Pope of Rome.

11 See the resignation letter of Kashisha (then Shamasha) Yosip DeKelaita dated September 27, 1908 in which he withdraws as secretary of the Motwa and cancels his membership. See page 360 of the book of Gewargis David Malech. 8 THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

4. KASHISHA ALBERT ABOONA Kashisha Albert Aboona is a great educator of the Chaldean Church. He has many writings in which his proficiency in the history and literature of the church is evident. He compiled lists of the patriarchs of both branches of the church and included them in his book, “Aramaic Language and Lit- erature” written in Arabic. Differences between the lists of Albert Aboona and other lists are as follows: • Even though Albert Aboona included Youkhannan II (Garba) in his list, he refers to him as an unofficial patriarch. This is the reason that he lists the patriarchs from Youkhannan III (Bar Narsai) to Youkhannan VIII as Youkhannan II to Youkhannan VII. • Amr Bar Shleimon, mentions in his book “Patriarchs of the See of the East, the Book of Magdal” that after the death of Sargis (of Suwa) a division occurred in the church whereby they elected two patriarchs, Anoosh Bet Garmay and Israel of Kashkar. This is the reason why Albert Aboona lists only Israel of Kashkar as the patriarch.

5. MARI BAR SHLEIMON Mari Bar Shliemon, a well-known historian, wrote his book during the patriarchate of Mar Yahwala II (1190–1222). Mari Bar Shleimon, like his colleague Amr Bar Mattay, wrote at length on the patriarchs of the East and on their communications or exchanges with the Sultans and Caliphs. Many of the dates that are mentioned in his writings are in Lunar calendar (Hegira).

6. PROFESSOR GEWARGIS DAVID MALECH Professor Shamasha Gewargis David Malech, born in the year 1835 in the town of Spurgan, earned his education in the theological college of the American Missionaries in the town of Siri, Urmia. This educator has written the complete history of the Assyrian nation and the Church of the East in the Assyrian language. On his way to the United States of America with his son Kashisha Nestores, Shamasha Gewargis passed away in 1909 in Tiflis, Georgia. After his son arrived in the city of Chicago, he translated his father’s book into THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 9 the Norwegian language and a female physician translated it to English and printed it in 1910.12 The list of Gewargis David Malech, especially after the schism in the sixteenth century, is not compatible with other sources. The patriarchs that he listed after Shimun VIII, whom he calls Youkhanan Sulaka, fall far apart from other lists. His list also includes the names of Chaldean patriarchs enumerated as follows: Elia VII, Shimun Elia VIII, Youkhanan Elia IX, Ogen Elia X, Dinkha Elia XI, Esho-Yabh Elia XII, Dinkha Shimun V, Elia Shimun XVI, Shimun, Yosip Mukhatas, Nona Shimun XVIII, Oraham Shimun XIX, Rovil Shimun XX, and Benyamin Shimun XXI who occupied the patriarchal seat in 1903. Professor Gewargis David Malech wrote his book during the period that Mar Benyamin occupied the apostolic seat of the Church of the East. In 1931, his second son David published “Fragments on the History of Assyrians” a book in the Assyrian language and which includes a list of patriarchs of the Church of the East. The list reveals pronounced differences from that of his father and is more compatible with other sources. For this reason, this writer included in List #1 the names of the patriarchs after Shimun VIII according to the list of David and not those of his father Professor Gewargis David Malech.

7. SHAMASHA DAVID BET BENYAMIN Shamasha David Bet Benyamin is the father of this writer. Shamasha David was a skillful writer in the literary Assyrian language (Aramaic). In 1956, he established the Nineveh Press in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq, and printed a con- siderable number of books in the Assyrian language. Benyamin’s writings and translations cover a multitude of topics. In one of his manuscripts, he compiled a list of patriarchs, which is included in List 1. This list was taken from the book of Kashisha Joseph Guriel13 to whom Professor Coakley made a reference in an earlier paragraph of this article.

12 Prof. George David Malech, History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical Church of the East. Minneapolis, Minn. 1910. 13 J. Guriel, Elementa Chaldaicae quibus series patriarchum Chaldaeorum, Rome, 1860. 10 THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST

14 8. THE NESTORIAN CHURCHES Below the title of the book, the author has written the following: “A Con- cise History of Nestorian Christianity in Asia from the Persian Schism to the Modern Assyrians.” Wherever he mentions the name of Mar Eshai Shimun, he refers to him as Shimun XXI.

9. JOSEPHUS SIMONIUS ASSEMANUS Assemanus is a well-known Lebanese scholar. His writings have been an expansive and reliable source for researchers all over the world. It is significant to mention that Assemanus indicated the duration of the patriarchs occupying the apostolic seat of the Church of the East on pages 624–630, volume III of his book.15 In other places he lists the year of demise, which differs considerably from other sources where he derived his information. For this reason, in the List # 2, this writer has shown only the years of patriarchal tenure, but not the year of their demise.

10. THE DEATH OF A NATION Professor Abraham Yohannan has written the history of Assyrians and the Church of the East and at the end of his book,16 has compiled a list of patriarchs alongside the names of Parthian and Sassanian Kings, Arab Caliphs, and Othman Sultans. According to his list, patriarch Mar Benyamin Shimun was Shimun XVI who was still alive at the time Professor Abraham Yohannan published his book in 1916. Under the photograph of Mar Benyamin Shimun which the author has inserted in the front of his book, he mentions that he was patriarch number 138 in the chain of catholicos of the church of Assyrian Christians. How- ever, the total number of patriarchs listed individually totals ninety seven, with an additional seven under the title of Elia, these latter being under the Chaldean branch of the Church of the East according to other sources.

14 Aubrey R. Vines M.A., B.Sc., The Nestorian Churches, with a foreword by Mar Eshai Shimun, Independent Press Ltd. 1937. 15 Josephus Simonius Assemanus, Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana, An Encyclopedia of Syriac Writers, Gorgias Press, 2004, Vol. III. 16 Abraham Yohannan, Ph.D., The Death of a Nation, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York & London, 1916. THE PATRIARCHS OF THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 11

11. PROFESSOR HELEEN H. L. MURRE-VAN DEN BERG The research of Professor Heleen Van Den Berg of the University of Lei- den, The Netherlands, on the patriarchs of the Church of the East from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries was published in volume 2, number 2, 1999 in the electronic magazine, “Hogoye.”17 Professor Heleen Van Den Berg based her research on a number of dependable manuscripts and published sources that are relevant to the specific period of the history of the patriarchs of the Church of the East. The significance of her list is derived from the fact that she mentions the specific dates of the demise of certain patriarchs, which contravenes the wrong dates found in other lists especially the list of Kashisha Rehana which we have referred to it in an earlier paragraph. Mar Eshai Shimun is listed by her as patriarch Shimun XXI.

CONCLUSION While segments of this article and the lists associated with it have been published elsewhere, we hope that the presentation in this specific frame cre- ates an encompassing and clearer picture of the history of the leadership of the Church of the East, and reveals a number of previously unpublicized mistakes. To prepare a complete and fully accurate chronological list of the patriarchs, it is necessary to penetrate into the depths of history and study all related manuscripts; which may include minute items of information, but when examined thoroughly by researchers, the secrets buried in their dark folds may reveal certain truths not known before. Without laborious effort, it is possible and even likely that the researcher will reach incorrect conclu- sions. Utilizing the sources that have been studied by writers and researchers mentioned in this writing, we hope that we have been successful in correcting some of the mistakes. Finally, it is this writer’s hope that the foregoing research will be con- sidered with an open mind, in the hope that the exposure of past mistakes will lead to a more accurate history.

17 Heleen Van Den Berg, The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries, Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol.2, No. 2, 1999.

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

Gewargis David Malek Albert Aboona The Book of Magdla The Book Mar Eshai Shimun Mar Eshai Shimun The Nestorian Churche The Death of a Nation The Bo ok of Pertoote The Bo ok Assemanus Kashisha Yosip DeKelaita Kashisha Yosip @ @

➀

@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

1 Shimun Keepa (Simon Peter) • • • 1 2 Tooma, the Apostle • • • • • • • • 3 Bar Tulmai } 2 4 Addai (Taddai), the Apostle • • • • • • • • • • 5 Agai, disciple of Addai • • • • • • • •@3 6 Mari, disciple of Addai • • • • • • • • •

1 @@ Listed after Thomas the Apostle@ 2 } Appears only on the list of Mar Eshai Shimun 3@@ Listed after Mari

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

7 Abris (Relative of Virgin Mary) • • • • • • • • • 8 Oraham I (of Cashkar) • • • • • • • • • 9 Yacob I (Relative of Yosip) • • • • • • • • • 10 Ebid M’Shikha } 4 11 Akha d’Awu • • • • • • • • • 12 Shakhlupa (of Kashkar) • • • • • • • • • 13 Papa (bar Gaggai) • • • • • • • • • • 14 Shimun I (bar Sabbai) • • • • • • • • • •

4@@ }@ Appears only on the list of Mar Eshai Shimun

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

15 Shahdost • • • • • • • • • • 16 Bar Baashmin • • • • • • • • • • 17 Tumarsa • • • • • • • • • • 18 Qaiyuma • • • • • • • • • • 19 Eskhaq I • • • • • • • • • • 20 Akhkhi • • • • • • • • • • 21 Yabh-Alaha I • • • • • • • • • • 22 Maana • • • • • • • • • • 23 Qarabukht (Marabukht) • • • • • • • • •

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

24 Dadishu • • • • • • • • • • 25 Bawai (Baboy) • • • • • • • • • • 26 Aqaq • • • • • • • • • • 27 Bawai • • • • • • • • • • 28 Sheela • • • • • • • • • • 29 Narsai/Elisha • • • • • • • • • • 30 Polous • • • • • • • • • • 31 Mar Awa I, the Great • • • • • • • • • 32 Yosip • • • • • • • • • •

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

33 Khazqiyil • • • • • • • • • • 34 Esho-Yabh I (Arzunaya) • • • • • • • • • • 35 Sorishu I (Garmaqaya) • • • • • • • • • • 36 Gregor (Gregorius) • • • • • • • • • • 37 Esho-Yabh II (Gdalaya or Arab) • • • • • • • • • • 38 Mar Immeh • • • • • • • • • • 39 EshYabh III (Khdayawaya) • • • • • • • • • • 40 Gewargis I • • • • • • • • • • 41 Youkhannan I (bar Martha) • • • • • • • • • •

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

42 Khnanishu I (Khgira) • • • • • • • • • • 43 Youkhannan II (Garba) • • • • • • • • 44 Sliwazkha • • • • • • • • • • 45 Pethyon • • • • • • • • • • 46 Mar Awa II (bar Brikh Siwyane) • • • • • • • • • • 47 Surin • • • • • • • • • • 48 Yacob II • • • • • • • • • • 49 Khnanishu II • • • • • • • • • • 50 Timotheus I • • • • • • • • • •

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

51 Eshu-barnon • • • • • • • • • • 52 Gewargis II • • • • • • • • • • 53 Sorishu II • • • • • • • • • • 54 Oraham II (of Marga) • • • • • • • • • • 55 Teadasis (Theodoros) • • • • • • • • • • 56 Sargis (Suwaya) • • • • • • • • • • 57 Israel (of Kashkar) • 58 Anosh (d’beth Garmay) • • • • • • • • • •

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

59 Youkhannan III (bar Narsai) • • •@• 5 • • • • • • 60 Youkhannan IV • • • • 6 • • • • • • 61 Youkhannan V (bar Ogare) • • • • 7 • • • • 62 Oraham III (Abraza) • • • • • • • • • • 63 Ammanoel • • • • • • • • • • 64 Israel (Karkhaya) • • • • • • • • • •

5 Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhannan II bar Narsai@ 6 Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhannan III without a proper name@@@ 7@ Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhannan IV bar Ogare@@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

65 Odishu I (Garmaqaya) • • • • • • • • • • 66 Mari (bar Tobi) Aturaya • • • • • • • • • • 67 Youkhannan VI (Youannis) • • • • 8 • • • • • • 68 Youkhannan VII (bar Nazuk) • • • • 9 • • • • • • 69 Eshoyabh IV (bar Khazqiyil) • • • • • • • • • • 70 Elia I (of Terhan) • • • • • • • • • • 71 Youkhannan VIII (bar Targala) • • • • 10 • • • • • •

8 Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhanan V bar Essa@@ 9 Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhanan VI bar Nazook@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

72 Sorishu III (bar Zanbur) • • • • • • • • • • 73 Odishu II (bar Ars) • • • • • • • • • • 74 Makkikha I (bar Shlemon) • • • • • • • • • • 75 Elia II (bar Maqli) • • • • • • • • • • 76 Barsoma (of Suwa) • • • • • • • • • • 77 Bar Gabbara } 11 78 Odishu III • • • • • • • • • •

10@ Albert Aboona listed him as Youkhanan VII bar Targala@ 11 @@ }@ Appears only on the list of Mar Eshai Shimon@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

79 Eshoyabh V (Baladaya) • • • • • • • • • • 80 Elia III (Abu Khalim) • • • • • • • • • • 81 Yabhalaha II (bar Qaiyuma) • • • • • 12 • • • • • 82 Sorishu IV (bar Qaiyuma) • • • • • • • • • 83 Sorishu V (bar Masih) • • • • • • • • • 84 Makkikha II • • • • • • • • • 85 Dinkha I ( of Arbil) • • • • • • • • • 86 Yabhalaha III (bar Turkaye) • • • • • • • • •

12 @@ Mari bar Shlemon lived in the times of Patriarch Yabhalaha II who occupied the patriarchal seat in 1190-1222.@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

87 Timatheus II • • • • • • • • 88 Dinkha II • • • • • • • • 89 Dinkha III • • 90 Shimun II • • • • • • 13 • 91 Shimun III • • • • • • • • 92 Elia IV • • 14 • • • • • 93 Shimun IV • • • 15 • • • • • • 16

13 Assemani lists the patriarchs named Shimun in their chronological succession without their proper names.@ 14 Listed him after Shimon IV.@@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

94 Shimun V (beth Sayada) • • • • • • • • 17 95 Elia V • @•@18 • • • 96 Shimun VI • • • 22 • • 19 • • • •

97 Shimun VII (Eshoyabh) • • 24 • 25 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • • 22

15 Listed as Shimon IV d’beth Sayada@@ 16 Listed as Shimon IV d’ beth Sayada 17@ Listed without proper name 18@ Listed after Shimon VI@ 19 Listed as Eshoyabh bar Mama@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

98 ShimunVIII (Dinkha bar Mama) • 24@• • 25 26 • 99 Yabhalaha IV • • 27 • 100 Shimun IX (Dinkha) • • 28 • • • • •

20 Listed as Dinkha bar Mama. After him, Assemani listed only the patriarchs that followed the Roman Catholic Church 21 Listed as Dinkha bar Mama@ @ 22. Listed without proper name@@ 23@ Listed as Dinkha bar Mama@ 24@ Listed as Shimon VIII and after it “bar Mama” without a title”.@ 25@ Listed as Youkhannan Sulaka. 26@ Listed as Eshoyabh.@ 27 Listed as Yabhalaha V, Aboona’s source does not contain Yabhalaha IV.@ 28 Listed as Dinkha bar Mama

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

101 Shimun X • • 29 • • • • • 102 Shimun XI (Eshuyabh) • @• 30 • • • • • 103 Shimun XII (Yabhalah) • • 31 • • • @• 32 • 33 104 Shimun XIII (Dinkha) • • 34 • • @• 35 •

29@ Listed as Shimun X (Yabhalaha)@ 30@ Listed as Shimun XI (Dinkha)@ 31@ Listed as Shimun XII (without proper name)@ 32@ Listed as Shimun XII (Mukhatas) 33@ Listed as Shimun XII @ 34@ Listed as Shimun XIII (Eshoyabh)@ 35 Listed as Shimun XIII (Yuna)@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

105 Shimun XIV (Sulaiman) • • 36 • • • 37 • 106 Shimun XV (Mukhattis) • @• 38 • • • 39 • 107 Shimun XVI (Yonan: Yuna) • • 40 • • • 41 • 108 Shimun XVII (Oraham) • • 42 • • •

36@ Listed as Shimun XIV (Yabhalaha)@ 37@ Listed as Shimun XIV (Oraham)@@ 38@ Listed as Shimun XV (Dinkha)@ 39@ Listed as Shimun XV (Rovil) 40 Listed as Shimun XVI (Shlemon or Sulaiman) 41 Listed as Shimun XVI (Benyamin) 42 Listed as Shimun XVII (Mikhael or Mukhatas)@

List 1: Chronology of the Patriarchs of the Church of the East

Number Number Patriarchs Heleen Van Den Berg

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@ Shamasha David Benyamin Mari Bar Shleimon ➄ ➅ ➁ ➇ ➈ ➉ ➀ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➆

109 Shimun XVIII (Rovil) • • 43 • • • 110 Shimun XVIV (Benyamin) • • 44 • • • 111 Shimun XX (Polous) • • 45 • • • 112 Shimun XXI (Eshai) • • 46 • • •

43@ Listed as Shimun XVIII (Yonan or Yuna)@þ 44@ Listed as Shimun XVIV (Oraham) 45 Listed as Shimun XX (Rovil)@@ 46 Listed as Shimun XXI (Benyamin)

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

1 Simon Peter 2 Thomas, the Apostle 33 - 73 33 3 Bar Tulmai@ 33 - }1 4 Addai (Taddai), the Apostle 33 – 45 33 – 45 45 - ? 33 5 Agai, disciple of Addai 45 – 48 45 – 81 45 – 48 45 6 Mari, disciple of Addai 48 – 81 48 – 81 48 – 81 48 7 Abris (Relative of Virgin Mary) 82 – 98 90 – 107 82 – 98 82

1 }@Appears only in the list of Mar Eshai @Shimun List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

8 Oraham I (of Kashkar) 98 – 110 2 130 – 152 98-110 2 88 9 Yacob I ((Joseph’s relative) 120 – 138 172 – 190 120 – 138 120 10 Abdkshikha@ 191 – 203 3} 11 Akha D’Awoo 139 – 159 4 205 – 220 139 – 162 139 12 Shakhloopa (of Kashkar) 162 – 179 5 224 – 244 162 – 182 162

2 @ Or 120@ 3 @@ }N@ Appears only in the list of Mar Eshai @Shimun 4 Or until 162 5 @ Or until 182

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

13 Papa (bar Gaggai) 247 – 320 6 247 – 326 256 - 326 256 14 Shimun I (bar Sabae) 320 – 330 328 – 341 327 – 340 326 15 Shahdoost 330 -333 345 – 347 340 – 340 332 16 Bar Baashmeen 333 - 341 350 – 358 340 – 344 333 17 Tumarsa 384 - 392 383 – 393 384 – 392 384 18 Kayooma@ 395 - 399 393 - 399 394 - 399 395 19 Eskhaq I 399 – 411 399 – 411 400 – 411 399 20 Akhee 411 – 415 411 – 415 411 – 415 411

6 Or from 256 List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

21 Yabh-Alaha I 415 – 420 415 – 420 415 – 420 415 22 Maana 420 7 420 420 420 23 Karabookht (Marabookht) 421 421 420 – 421 421 24 Dadishu 421 – 456 421 – 456 457 - 483 430 25 Bawai (Baboy) 457 – 483 457 - 484 421 - 456 465 26 Akak 484 – 496 484 - 496 484 - 496 485 27 Bawai 498 - 502 496 – 502 497 – 503 498 28 Sheela 503 – 520 505 – 523 503 – 521 503

7 Deposed by Yazdgird I

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

29 Narsai/Elisha 520 – 535 524 – 535 8 522 – 536 520 30 Polous 535 – 536 539 – 540 536 – 537 535 31 Mar-Abha I Rabba 536 – 552 537 – 552 536 32 Yosip 552 – 567 552 – 567 552 – 567 552 33 Ezkiel 567 – 580 570 - 581 568 – 579 567 34 Esho-Yabh (Arzoonaya) 581 – 595 581 – 595 580 – 595 580 35 Sobresho (Garmkaya) 596 - 604 596 – 604 596 - 604 596 36 Gregor (Gregorius) 604 - 607 605 – 608 605 – 608 605

8 Elisha listed from 524-538@ List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

37 Esho-Yabh II (Gdalaya/Arab)@ 628 – 644 628 – 644 628 – 645 628 38 Mar Imme 644 – 647 9 647 – 650 645 – 649 647 39 Esho-Yabh III 647 – 657 10 650 – 660 650 – 660 650 40 Gewargis I 661 – 680 681 – 684 661 – 668 660 41 Youkhannan I (bar Martha) 680 – 682 684 – 692 681 – 683 680 42 Khnanesho I (Khgira) 686 – 693 686 – 693 686 – 693 685 43 @Youkhannan II 693 – 694 693 – 694 693 – 695 692

9 @ Or from 647-650@ 10 @ Or from 650-658

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

44 Sleewazkha 713 – 729 714 – 728 713 – 729 714 45 Petyon 731 – 740 731 – 740 731 – 740 731 46 Marabha II (bar Brikh Siwyane) 741 – 751 741 – 751 741 – 751 742 47 Sorain 754 752 – 754 751 -754 754 48 Yacob II 754 – 773 754 – 773 754 – 773 754 49 Khnanesho II 774 – 779 774 – 778 774 – 779 774 50 Thematius I@ 780 – 820 780 – 820 780 – 820 778 51 Esho Barnoon 820 – 824 820 – 824 820 – 824 820 52 Gewargis II 825 – 832 825 – 832 825 – 832 825 List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

53 Sobresho II 832 – 836 832 – 836 832 – 836 832 54 @Oraham II (of Marga) 837 – 850 837 – 850 837 – 850 836 55 Teadasis (Theadorus) 852 – 858 850 – 852 852 – 858 852 56 Sargis (of Suwa) 860 – 872 860 – 872 860 – 872 860 11 57 @Israel (of Kashkar) @ 58 Anosh (beth Garmai) 877 – 884 873 – 884 874 – 884 877 59 Youkhannan III (bar Narsai) 884 – 892 884 – 892 894 – 892 884 60 Youkhannan IV 892 – 898 892 – 898 892 – 898 892

11 @ Listed only by Albert Aboona as Patriarch from ? to 877. The compiler of this list has shown him to maintain the sequence.

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

61 Youkhannan V (bar Avgare) 900 – 905 900 – 905 900 – 905 900 62 Oraham III (Abraza)@ 905 – 937 906 – 937 905 – 937 906 63 Emmanuel 938 – 949 937 – 949 938 – 960 938 64 Israel (Karkhaya) 961 – 962 961 – 962 961 – 962 962 65 Odisho I (Garmkaya) 963 – 986 963 – 986 963 – 986 963 66 Mari (bar Tobi) Assyrian 987 – 1000 96712- 1000 987 -1000 987 67 Youkhannan VI (Youanis) 1001 – 1012 1001 – 1012 1000 – 1012 1001 68 Youkhannan VII (bar Nazook) 1012 – 1020 1013 – 1022 1012 – 1020 1012

12 Erroneously listed as 967, it should read 987. In the opinion of the compiler of this list, this is a printing error. List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

69 Eshoyabh IV (bar Ezkiel) 1020 – 1025 1023 – 1027 1020 – 1025 1020 70 Elia I (of Tirhan) 1028 -1049 1028 – 1049 1028 – 1049 1028 71 Youkhannan VIII (bar Targala) 1050 – 1057 1049 = 1057 1050 – 1057 1050 72 Sobresho III (bar Zanboor) 1063 = 1072 1057 – 1072 1061 – 1072 1063 73 @Odisho II (bar Ars) 1 072 – 1090 1072 – 1090 1072 – 1090 1074 74 Makkekha I (bar Shliemon) 1092 – 1108 1 092 – 1109 1092 – 1109 1092 75 Elia II (bar Miklee) 1111 – 1132 1111 – 1132 1111 – 1131 1111 76 Barsoma ( of Suwa) 1134 – 1136 1133 – 1135 1134 = 1136 1134

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

77 Bar Gabara@ 1135 – 1136 13} 78 @Odisho III@ 1138 – 1147 1138 – 1147 1138 – 1147 1138 79 Eshoyabh V (Baladaya) 1148 -1174 1148 – 1175 1148 – 1175 1148 80 Elia III (Abu Khalem) 1175 – 1190 1176 – 1190 1176 – 1190 1176 81 Yabhalaha II (bar Kayuma) 1190 – 1222 1191 – 1222 1190 – 1222 1190 82 Sobresho IV (bar Kayuma) 1222 – 1225 1222 – 1226 1222 – 1225 1222 83 Sobresho V (bar Maseekh) 1226 – 1256 1226 – 1256 1226 – 1256 1226 84 Makkeekha II 1257 – 1265 1257 – 1265 1257 – 1265 1257

13 @@}@Appears only in the list of Mar Eshai Shimun.@ List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

85 Dinkha I (of Arbil) 1265 – 1281 1265 – 1281 1265 – 1281 1265 86 Yabhalaha III (bar Turkaye) 1281 – 1317 1281 – 1318 1281 – 1317 1281 87 Timatheus II 1318 – 1328 1318 – 1328 1318 – 1328 1318 88 Dinkha II 1329 – 1364 1329 – 1359 1329 – 1364 1360 14 89 Dinkha III 1359 - 1368 1359 - 1368 90 Shimun II@ 1365 – 1392 15 1365 – 1392 1477 16

14 After this date, the list of Assemanus shows different names and dates that are very different from other lists.@ 15 Does not exist in Mar Eshai Shimun’s list. 16 Assemanus’ list doet not match with any of the other lists from this patriarch until the schism in the church in the middle of the sixteenth century.

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

91 Shimun III 1403 – 1407 1369 – 1392 1403 – 1407 1490 92 Elia IV 1407 – 1420 1407 – 1420 1407 – 1420 93 Shimun IV 1420 – 1447 1403 – 1407 1420 – 1447 1504 1437–1497 17 94 Shimun V (beth Sayada) 1448 – 1490 1420 – 1447 1448 – 1490 1530 1497-150218 95 Elia V 1491 – 1504 1491 – 1504 19 1491 – 1504 1502 1502-1504 96 Shimun VI 1505 – 1538 1448 – 1490 1505 – 1538 1551 1504-1538 20

17 @Listed as “ Shimun IV beth Sayada”. Passed away on February 20, 1497 as engraved on his tombstone in the Monastary of Rabban Hormizd.@@ @ 18 @ Without the personal name. @ 19 @Listed after Shimun VI@ 20 Passed away on August 5, 1538 as engraved by Kashisha Israel on the patriarch’s tombstone in the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd. List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

21 97 Shimun VII (Eshoyabh) 1538 – 1551 1505 – 1538 1538 – 1551 1552 22 1538-1558 23 24 25 98 Shimun VIII (bar Mama) 1552 - ? 1538 – 1551 1551 – 1558 99 Yabhalaha IV ? - 1580 ? - 1580 26 100 Shimun IX (Dinkha) 1582 – 1600 1552 – 1558 1582 – 1600 1580 – 1600

21 Listed as “Shimun VII” without the proper name. 22 Assemani listed him as Dinkha bar Mama and after him , Assemani listed only the patriarchs who followed to the Roman Catholic Church. 23 @ Listed as Eshoyabh bar Mama. Passed away on November 1, 1558 as it is engraved on his tombstone at the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd. 24 Dinkha bar Mama was listed as Shimun VII in the Book of Pertote (Source 3); in the book of Albert Aboona (Source 4); in the list of Shamasha David Benyamin (Source 7). In the list of Mar Eshai Shimun (Source 2) Dinkha Bar Mama is listed as Shimun IX; and in the book of Gewargis David Malek (Source 6) Shimun XIII is Youkhanna Sulaka, and in Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita’s list (source 1) Dinkha bar Mama is Shimun XIII, and in the Death of a Nation (source 10) Shimun VIII is listed without proper name. 25 Listed as Eshoyabh Shimun VIII

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

27 101 Shimun X 1600 - 1653 1558 - 1580 1600 - 1653 1600 - 1638 28 102 Shimun XI 1653 – 1690 1580 – 1600 1653 – 1690 1638 - 1656 29 103 @Shimun XII (Yabhalaha) 1690 – 1692 1600 – 1653 1690 – 1692 1656 - 166230 31 104 Shimun XIII (Dinkha) 1692 – 1700 1653 – 1690 1692 – 1700 1662 – 1700 32 105 Shimun XIV (Sulaiman) 1700 – 1740 1690 – 1692 1700 – 1740 1700 – 1740

26 Listed as Dinkha bar Mama 27 Listed as Yabhalaha Shimun X 28 Listed as Dinkha Shimun XI 29 Listed as Elia Shimun XII 30 Listed as Shimun XII without personal name 31 Listed as Eshoyabh Shimun XIII 32 Listed as Yabhalaha Shimun XIV List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

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Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

106 Shimun XV (Mukhatas) 1740 – 1780 1692 - 170033 1740 – 1780 1740 – 1780 107 Shimun XVI (Yonan) 1780 – 1820 1700 - 174034 1780 – 1820 1780 – 1820 108 Shimun XVII (Oraham) 1820 – 1860 1740 – 174135 1820 – 1860 1820 – 1860 109 Shimun XVIII (Rovil) 1860 – 1903 1740– 182036 1860 – 1903 1860 – 1903 110 Shimun XIX (Benyamin)@ 1903 – 1918 1820 – 186037 1903 – 1918 1903 – 1918

33 Listed as Dinkha Shimun XV 34 Listed as Shlemon (Sulaiman) Shimun XVI 35 Listed as Mikhael (Mukhatis) Shimun XVII 36 Listed as Yonan (Yuna) Shimun XVIII 37 Listed as Oraham Shimun XIX. Erroneously listed as from 1740 while before him Shimun Oraham was listed from 1740 – 1741. In the opinion of the compiler of this list, this is a printing error.

List 2 – The Patriarchs of the Church of the East According to their Occupation of the Apostolic Seat@

@ @ @ @

Patriarchs@ Malech Number Assemani Gewargis David Mar Eshai Shimun Heleen Van Den Berg Kashisha Yosip Dekelaita

111 Shimun XX (Polous) 1918 – 1920 1860 – 190338 1918 – 1918 1918 – 1920 112 Shimun XXI (Eshai) 1920 – 1975 1920– [1975]39 1920 - 1975

38 Listed as Rowil Shimun XX 39 Listed as Benyamin Shimun XXI. (3) Chronology of Patriarchs of the Church of the East Complied by Daniel D. Benjamin

1 Tooma, the Apostle 2 Addai (Taddai), the Apostle 3 Agai, disciple of Addai 4 Mari, disciple of Addai 5 Abris (Relative of Virgin Mary) 6 Oraham I (of Cashkar) 7 Yacob I (Relative of Yosip) 8 Akha d’Awu 9 Shakhlupa (of Kashkar) 10 Papa (bar Gaggai) 11 Shimun I (bar Sabbai) 12 Shahdost 13 Bar Baashmin 14 Tumarsa 15 Qaiyuma 16 Eskhaq I 17 Akhkhi 18 Yabh-Alaha I 19 Maana 20 Qarabukht (Marabukht) 21 Dadishu 22 Bawai (Baboy) 23 Aqaq 24 Bawai 25 Sheela

47 48 The Patriarchs of the Church of the East

26 Narsai/Elisha 27 Polous 28 Mar Awa I, the Great 29 Yosip 30 Khazqiyil 31 Esho-Yabh I (Arzunaya) 32 Sorishu I (Garmaqaya) 33 Gregor (Gregorius) 34 Esho-Yabh II (Gdalaya or Arab) 35 Mar Immeh 36 EshYabh III (Khdayawaya) 37 Gewargis I 38 Youkhannan I (bar Martha) 39 Khnanishu I (Khgira) 40 Youkhannan II (Garba) 41 Sliwazkha 42 Pethyon 43 Mar Awa II (bar Brikh Siwyane) 44 Surin 45 Yacob II 46 Khnanishu II 47 Timotheus I 48 Eshu-barnon 49 Gewargis II 50 Sorishu II 51 Oraham II (of Marga) 52 Teadasis (Theodoros) Chronology of Patriarchs of the Church of the East: Complied by Daniel Benjamin 49

53 Sargis (Suwaya) 54 Anosh (d’beth Garmay) 55 Youkhannan III (bar Narsai) 56 Youkhannan IV 57 Youkhannan V (bar Ogare) 58 Oraham III (Abraza) 59 Ammanoel 60 Israel (Karkhaya) 61 Odishu I (Garmaqaya) 62 Mari (bar Tobi) Aturaya 63 Youkhannan VI (Youannis) 64 Youkhannan VII (bar Nazuk) 65 Eshoyabh IV (bar Khazqiyil) 66 Elia I (of Terhan) 67 Youkhannan VIII (bar Targala) 68 Sorishu III (bar Zanbur) 69 Odishu II (bar Ars) 70 Makkikha I (bar Shlemon) 71 Elia II (bar Maqli) 72 Barsoma (of Suwa) 73 Odishu III 74 Eshoyabh V (Baladaya) 75 Elia III (Abu Khalim) 76 Yabhalaha II (bar Qaiyuma) 77 Sorishu IV (bar Qaiyuma) 78 Sorishu V (bar Masih) 79 Makkikha II 50 The Patriarchs of the Church of the East

80 Dinkha I ( of Arbil) 81 Yabhalaha III (bar Turkaye) 82 Timatheus II 83 Dinkha II 84 Shimun II 85 Shimun III 86 Elia IV 87 Shimun IV 88 Shimun V (beth Sayada) 89 Elia V 90 Shimun VI 91 Shimun VII (Eshoyabh) 92 ShimunVIII (Dinkha bar Mama) 93 Yabhalaha IV 94 Shimun IX (Dinkha) 95 Shimun X 96 Shimun XI (Eshuyabh) 97 Shimun XII (Yabhalah) 98 Shimun XIII (Dinkha) 99 Shimun XIV (Sulaiman) 100 Shimun XV (Mukhattis) 101 Shimun XVI (Yonan: Yuna) 102 Shimun XVII (Oraham) 103 Shimun XVIII (Rovil) 104 Shimun XVIV (Benyamin) 105 Shimun XX (Polous) 106 Shimun XXI (Eshai)

52@@@@@@@@@ @(3)@@@ﺟﺪول ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق: إﻋﺪاد داﻧﻴﺎل داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ

91 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب) 92 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ) 93 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 94 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ (دﻧﺨﺎ) 95 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ 96 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ 97 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ) 97 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ (دﻧﺨﺎ) 99 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) 100 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻣﻮﺧَﺘِﺲ) 101 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻮﻧﺎن) 102 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (اوراهﺎم) 103 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ (روﺋﻴﻞ) 104 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ) 105 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮون (ﺑﻮﻟﺺ) 106 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون(اﻳﺸﺎي)

ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 51

60 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ (اﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ) 61 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) 62 ﻣﺎري (ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﻲ) اﻵﺷﻮري 63 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎدس (ﻳﻮﺁﻧﻴﺲ) 64 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎزوك) 65 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل) 66 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻻول (اﻟﻄﻴﺮهﺎﻧﻲ) 67 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﮔﺎﻻ) 68 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ زﻧﺒﻮر) 69 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮس - ﻋﺮﻳﺾ) 70 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) 71 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻠﻲ) 72 ﺑﺮﺻﻮﻣﺎ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) 73 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ 74 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (اﻟﺒﻠﺪي) 75 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (أﺑﻮ ﺣﻠﻴﻢ) 76 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) 77 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) 78 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (اﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ) 79 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 80 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻻول (اﻻرﺑﻴﻠﻲ) 81 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﻦ اﻻﺗﺮاك) 82 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻴﻮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 83 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 84 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 85 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ 86 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 87 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 88 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (دﺑﻴﺖ ﺻﻴﺎدي) 89 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ 90 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس

50@@@@@@@@@ @(3)@@@ﺟﺪول ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق: إﻋﺪاد داﻧﻴﺎل داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ

29 ﻳِﻮﺳﻒ 30 ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل 31 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻻول (اﻻرزﻧﻲ) 32 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) 33 ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮر (ﻳﻮس) 34 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﺠﺪاﻟﻲ) 35 ﻣﺎر اﻣﻪ 36 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲ) 37 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻻول 38 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﺗﺎ) 39 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻻﻋﺮج) 40 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻻﺟﺮب) 41 ﺻﻠﻴﺒﺎ زﺧﺎ 42 ﺑﺜﻴﻮن 43 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 44 ﺳﻮرﻳﻦ 45 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 46 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 47 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻴﻮس اﻻول 47 ﻳﺸﻮع ﺑﺮﻧﻮن 49 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 50 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 51 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻲ) 52 ﺗﺂداﺳﻴﺲ (ﺗﺂدوروس) 53 ﺳﺮآﻴﺲ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) 57 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ( اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 54 ﺁﻧﻮش (ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ) 55 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺎي) 56 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 57 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (ﺑﺮ اﺑﮕﺮ) 58 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﺮازا) 59 ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ (3) ﺟﺪول ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

إﻋﺪاد داﻧﻴﺎل داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ 1 ﺗﻮﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل 2 أداي (ﺗ ـَﺪاي) اﻟﺮﺳﻮل 3 أﮔﺎي (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) 4 ﻣﺎري (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) 5 اﺑﺮﻳﺲ (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻌﺬراء) 6 اوراهﺎم اﻻول (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 7 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻻول (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ) 8 أﺧﻮ أﺑﻴﻪ 9 ﺷﺨﻠﻮﭘﺎ (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 10 ﭘﺎﭘﺎ (ﺑﺮ ﮔﮕﻲ) 11 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ) 12 ﺷﺎهﺪوﺳﺖ 13 ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺸﻤﻴﻦ 14 ﺗﻮﻣﺮﺻﺎ 15 ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ 16 اﺳﺤﻖ اﻻول 17 أﺧﻲ 18 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻻول 19 ﻣﻌﻨﺎ 20 ﻗﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ (ﻣﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ) 21 دادﻳﺸﻮع 22 ﺑﺎواي (ﺑﺎﺑﻮي) 23 ﺁﻗﺎق 24 ﺑﺎواي 25 ﺷﻴﻼ 26 ﻧﺮﺳﺎي / اﻟﻴﺸﺎع 27 ﺑﻮﻟﺺ 28 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻻول

49 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 108 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (اوراهﺎم) 1820 – 1860 1740 – 1741 36 1820 – 1860 1820 – 1860 109 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ (روﺋﻴﻞ) 1860 – 1903 371740 – 1820 38 1860 – 1903 1860 – 1903 110 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ) 1903 – 1918 1820 – 1860 39 1903 – 1918 1903 – 1918 111 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮون (ﺑﻮﻟﺺ) 1918 – 1920 1860 – 1903 40 1918 – 1918 1918 – 1920 112 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون(اﻳﺸﺎي) 1920 – [1975] 1920 – [1975]41 1920 – 1975

36 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻣﻮﺧﺘﺲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ 37 أدرج ﺳﻬﻮا 1740 ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ذآﺮ أن ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اوراهﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 1740 – 1741 . ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴﺎ 38 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻮﻧﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ 39 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اوراهﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ 40 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن روﺋﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺸﺮون 41 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 103 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ) 1690 – 1692 1600 – 1653 31 1690 – 1692 1656 – 1662 30 104 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ (دﻧﺨﺎ) 1692 – 1700 1653 – 1690 32 1692 – 1700 1662 – 1700 105 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) 1700 – 1740 1690 – 1692 33 1700 – 1740 1700 – 1740 106 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻣﻮﺧَﺘِﺲ) 1740 – 1780 1692 – 1700 34 1740 – 1780 1740 – 1780 107 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻮﻧﺎن) 1780 – 1820 1700 – 1740 35 1780 – 1820 1780 – 1820

29 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ 30 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ 31 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ 32 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ 33 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ 34 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ 35 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 26 98 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ) 1552 - ؟ 1538 – 1551 25 1551 – 1558 99 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ؟ – 1580 ؟ – 1580 100 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ (دﻧﺨﺎ) 1582 – 1600 1552 – 1558 27 1582 – 1600 1580 – 1600 101 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ 1600 – 1653 1558 – 281580 1600 – 1653 1600 – 1638 102 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ 1653 – 1690 1580 – 1600 29 1653 – 1690 1638 – 1656

25 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ 26 أدرج دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻔﺘﺎت (ﻣﺼﺪر➂) وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻘﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ (ﻣﺼﺪر ➃) واﻟﺸﻤﺎس داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ (ﻣﺼﺪر ➆). وﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن (ﻣﺼﺪر ➁) ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ وﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر ﮔﻴﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ (ﻣﺼﺪر➅) ﻓﺈن ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ هﻮ ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ ﺳﻮﻻﻗﺎ . وﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ (ﻣﺼﺪر➀ ) ﻓﺈن دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ هﻮ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ. وﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر The Death of a Nation (ﻣﺼﺪر➉) ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ. 27 أدرج آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ 28 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 93 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 1420 – 1447 1403 – 1407 1420 – 1447 1504 1437 – 1497 18 94 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺻﻴﺎدي) 1448 – 1490 1420 – 1447 1448 – 1490 1530 1497 – 1502 19 95 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ 1491 – 1504 1491 – 201504 1491 – 1504 1502 1502 – 1504 96 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس 1505 – 1538 1448 – 1490 1505 – 1538 1551 1504 – 1538 21 97 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب) 1538 – 1551 1505 – 1538 24 1538 – 1551 1552 23 1538 – 1558 22

18 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ دﺑﻴﺚ ﺻﻴﺎدي. ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم 20 ﺷﺒﺎط ﺳﻨﻪ 1497 آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﻮش ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎهﺪ ﻗﺒﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ دﻳﺮ رﺑﺎن هﺮﻣﺰ 19 ﻣﻦ دون اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ 20 أدرج ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس 21 ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم 5 ﺁب ﺳﻨﻪ 1538 آﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎهﺪ ﻗﺒﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ دﻳﺮ رﺑﺎن هﺮﻣﺰ 22 أدرج آﺎﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ. ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم 1 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻨﻪ 1558 آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﻮش ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎهﺪ ﻗﺒﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ دﻳﺮ رﺑﺎن هﺮﻣﺰ 23 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ وﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ أدرج اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ إﻧﺘﻤﻮا اﻟﻰ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ روﻣﺎ 24 أدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ دون إﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 87 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻴﻮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 1318 – 1328 1318 – 1328 1318 – 1328 1318 88 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 1329 – 1364 1329 – 1359 1329 – 1364 1360 15 89 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ 1359 - 1368 90 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 1365 – 1392 17 1365 – 1392 1477 16 91 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ 1403 – 1407 1369 – 1392 1403 – 1407 1490 92 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 1407 – 1420 1407 – 1420 1407 – 1420

15 ﺑﻌﺪ هﺬا اﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺦ ﻳﺪرج اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ أﺳﻤﺎء اً و ﺗ ﻮ ا ر ﻳ ﺨ ﺎً ﺑﻌﻴﺪة آﻞ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻻﺧﺮى 16 أﻋﺘﺒﺎرا ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك وﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ، ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻷﺧﺮى 17 ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرﺟﻪ ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 78 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ 1138 – 1147 1138 – 1147 1138 – 1147 1138 79 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (اﻟﺒﻠﺪي) 1148 – 1174 1148 – 1175 1148 – 1175 1148 80 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (أﺑﻮ ﺣﻠﻴﻢ) 1175 – 1190 1176 – 1190 1176 – 1190 1176 81 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) 1190 – 1222 1191 – 1222 1190 – 1222 1190 82 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) 1222 – 1225 1222 – 1226 1222 – 1225 1222 83 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (ﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ) 1226 – 1256 1226 – 1256 1226 – 1256 1226 84 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 1257 – 1265 1257 – 1265 1257 – 1265 1257 85 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻻول (اﻻرﺑﻴﻠﻲ) 1265 – 1281 1265 – 1281 1265 – 1281 1265 86 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﻦ اﻻﺗﺮاك) 1281 – 1317 1281 – 1318 1281 – 1317 1281 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 71 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﮔﺎﻻ) 1050 – 1057 1049 – 1057 1050 – 1057 1050 72 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ زﻧﺒﻮر) 1063 – 1072 1057 – 1072 1061 – 1072 1063 73 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮس - ﻋﺮﻳﺾ) 1072 – 1090 1072 – 1090 1072 – 1090 1974 74 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) 1092 – 1108 1092 – 1109 1092 – 1109 1092 75 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻠﻲ) 1111 – 1132 1111 – 1132 1111 – 1131 1111 76 ﺑﺮﺻﻮﻣﺎ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) 1134 – 1136 1133 – 1135 1134 – 1136 1134 77 اﺑﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎر 1135 – 1136{14

14 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 64 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ (اﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ) 961 - 962 961 – 962 961 – 962 962 65 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) 963 – 986 963 – 986 963 – 986 963 66 ﻣﺎري (ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﻲ) اﻵﺷﻮري 987 – 1000 13967 – 1000 987 – 1000 987 67 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎدس (ﻳﻮﺁﻧﻴﺲ) 1001 – 1012 1001 – 1012 1000 – 1012 1001 68 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎزوك) 1012 – 1020 1013 – 1022 1012 - 1020 1012 69 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل) 1020 – 1025 1023 – 1027 1020 – 1025 1020 70 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻻول (اﻟﻄﻴﺮهﺎﻧﻲ) 1028 – 1049 1028 – 1049 1028 – 1049 1028

13 أدرج ﺳﻬﻮا 967 . ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن 987 . آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴﺎ H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 12 57 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ( اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 58 ﺁﻧﻮش (ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ) 877 – 884 873 – 884 874 – 884 877 59 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺎي) 884 – 892 884 – 892 894 – 892 884 60 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 892 – 898 892 – 898 892 – 898 892 61 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (ﺑﺐ اﺑﮕﺮ) 900 – 905 900 – 905 900 – 905 900 62 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﺮازا) 905 – 937 906 – 937 905 – 937 906 63 ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ 938 – 949 937 – 949 938 – 960 938

12 اﻟﻘﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ هﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي أدرج اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي آﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ؟ - 877 . وﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ، أدرﺟﻪ آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول. H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 50 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻮس اﻻول 780 – 820 780 – 820 780 – 820 778 51 ﻳﺸﻮع ﺑﺮﻧﻮن 820 – 824 820 – 824 820 – 824 820 52 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 825 – 832 825 – 832 825 – 832 825 53 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 832 – 836 832 – 836 832 – 836 832 54 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻲ) 837 – 850 837 – 850 837 – 850 836 55 ﺗﺂداﺳﻴﺲ (ﺗﺂدوروس) 852 – 858 850 – 852 852 – 858 852 56 ﺳﺮآﻴﺲ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) 860 – 872 860 – 872 860 – 872 860 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 41 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﺗﺎ) 680 – 682 684 – 692 681 – 683 680 42 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻻﻋﺮج) 686 – 693 686 – 693 686 – 693 685 43 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻻﺟﺮب) 693 – 694 693 – 694 693 – 695 692 44 ﺻﻠﻴﺒﺎ زﺧﺎ 713 – 729 714 – 728 713 – 729 714 45 ﺑﺜﻴﻮن 731 – 740 731 – 740 731 – 740 731 46 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 741 – 751 741 – 751 741 – 751 742 47 ﺳﻮرﻳﻦ 754 752 – 754 751 – 754 754 48 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 754 – 773 754 – 773 754 – 773 754 49 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 774 – 779 774 – 778 774 – 779 774 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 34 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻻول (اﻻرزﻧﻲ) 581 – 595 581 – 595 580 – 595 580 35 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) 596 – 604 596 – 604 596 – 604 596 36 ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮر (ﻳﻮس) 604 – 607 605 – 607 605 – 608 605 37 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﺠﺪاﻟﻲ) 628 – 644 628 – 644 628 – 645 628 38 ﻣﺎر اﻣﻪ 644 – 647 10 647 – 650 645 – 649 647 39 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲ) 647 – 657 11 650 – 660 650 – 660 650 40 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻻول 661 – 680 681 – 684 661 – 668 660

10 أو ﻣﻦ 647 - 650 11 أو ﻣﻦ 650 - 658 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 27 ﺑﺎواي 498 – 502 496 – 502 497 – 503 498 28 ﺷﻴﻼ 503 – 520 505 – 523 503 – 521 503 29 ﻧﺮﺳﺎي / اﻟﻴﺸﺎع 520 – 535 524 – 535 9 522 – 536 520 30 ﺑﻮﻟﺺ 535 – 536 539 – 540 536 – 537 535 31 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻻول 536 – 552 537 – 552 536 32 ﻳِﻮﺳﻒ 552 – 567 552 – 567 552 – 567 552 33 ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل 567 – 580 570 – 581 568 – 579 567

9 أدرج اﻟﻴﺸﺎع ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 524 – 538 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 20 أﺧﻲ 411 – 415 411 – 415 411 – 415 411 21 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻻول 415 – 420 415 – 420 415 – 420 415 22 ﻣﻌﻨﺎ 420 8 420 420 420 23 ﻗﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ (ﻣﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ) 421 421 420 – 421 421 24 دادﻳﺸﻮع 421 – 456 421 – 456 421 – 456 430 25 ﺑﺎواي (ﺑﺎﺑﻮي) 457 – 483 457 – 484 457 - 483 465 26 ﺁﻗﺎق 484 – 496 484 – 496 484 – 496 485

8 ﻋـُﺰل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺰدﮔﺮد اﻷول H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 13 ﭘﺎﭘﺎ (ﺑﺮ ﮔﮕﻲ) 7247 – 320 247 – 326 6 256 – 326 256 14 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ) 320 – 330 328 – 341 327 – 340 326 15 ﺷﺎهﺪوﺳﺖ 330 – 333 345 – 347 340 – 340 332 16 ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺸﻤﻴﻦ 333 – 341 350 – 358 340 – 344 333 17 ﺗﻮﻣﺮﺻﺎ 384 – 392 383 – 393 384 – 392 384 18 ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ 395 – 399 393 – 399 394 – 399 395 19 اﺳﺤﻖ اﻻول 399 – 411 399 – 411 400 – 411 399 399 ـ 411

6 ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻮن (80) ﺳﻨﺔ! ؟ 7 أو ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 256 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 8 اوراهﺎم اﻻول (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 98 – 110 2 130 – 152 98 – 110 2 88 9 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻻول (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ) 120 – 138 172 – 190 120 – 138 120 10 ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ 191 – 203 {3 11 أﺧﻮ أﺑﻴﻪ 139 – 159 4 205 – 220 139 – 162 139 12 ﺷﺨﻠﻮﭘﺎ (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) 162 – 179 5 224 – 244 162 – 182 162

2 أو 120 3 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ 4 أو اﻟﻰ 162 5 أو اﻟﻰ 182 H2I@ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻨﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ @ @

ﻚ

ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟ @ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ

دن

داود اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ

@ ﻓﺎن

اﻳﺸﺎي

اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

ﺲ

هﻠﻦ ﻴ @ ﮔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻮر ﻣﺎر

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﮔ ➀➀ @

@ @

➀ @ ➈ ➅ ➁ @ @

@ 1 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ 2 ﺗﻮﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل 33 – 73 33 3 ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻤﺎي 33 - {1 4 أداي (ﺗ ـَﺪاي) اﻟﺮﺳﻮل 33 – 45 33 – 45 ? – 45 33 5 أﮔﺎي (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) 45 – 48 45 – 81 45 – 48 45 6 ﻣﺎري (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) 48 – 81 48 – 81 48 – 81 48 7 اﺑﺮﻳﺲ (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻌﺬراء) 82 – 98 90 – 107 82 – 98 82

1 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

111 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮون (ﺑﻮﻟﺺ) • • 45 • • • 112 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون(اﻳﺸﺎي) • • 46 • • •

44 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اوراهﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ 45 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن روﺋﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺸﺮون 46 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

106 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻣﻮﺧَﺘِﺲ) • • @39 • • • 38 • 107 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻮﻧﺎن) • • 41 • • • 40 • 108 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (اوراهﺎم) • • 42 • • • 109 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ (روﺋﻴﻞ) • • 43 • • • 110 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ) • • 44 • • •

37 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ 38 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن روﺋﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ 39 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ 40 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ 41 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن اﻟﺴﺪس ﻋﺸﺮ 42 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن (ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺧﺘﺲ) اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ 43 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻮﻧﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

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داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

102 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ • • @30 • • • • • 103 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ) • • 33 • • • •@32 • 31 104 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ (دﻧﺨﺎ) • • 35 • • •@34 • 105 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) • • 37 • • • 36 •

29 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ 30 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ 31 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ 32 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻣﻮﺧﺘﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ 33 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ 34 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن ﻳﻮﻧﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ 35 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ 36 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اوراهﻢ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

98 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ) • •@26 •@25 •24 99 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ • • 27 • 100 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ (دﻧﺨﺎ) • • 28 • • • • • 101 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ • • 29 • • • • •

21 أُدرج آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ 22 أُدرج ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ 23 أُدرج آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ 24 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ وﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ دون آﻨﻴﺔ 25 أُدرج آﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ ﺳﻮﻻﻗﺎ 26 ادرح آﺎﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب. 27 أُدرج آﻴﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ. ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ ﻳﻬﺒﺎﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 28 أُدرج آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﺎ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

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دن

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اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

93 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ • • • • 16 • • • • • 15 94 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (دﺑﻴﺖ ﺻﻴﺎدي) • • • • • • • • 17 95 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ • •@18@@ • • • 96 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس • • •@22 • • 19 • • • • 97 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب) • •@24 • 25 • 23 •@22 • 21 • 20 • • 22

14 أُدرج ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ 15 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ دﺑﻴﺚ ﺻﻴﺎدي 16 أُدرج آﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ دﺑﻴﺚ ﺻﻴﺎدي 17 أُدرج ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ 18 أُدرج ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس 19 أُدرج آﺎﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ 20 أُدرج آﺪﻧﺨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ وﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ أُدرج اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺗﺒﻌﻮا آﻨﻴﺴﺔ روﻣﺎ.

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

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دن

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اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

84 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • 85 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻻول (اﻻرﺑﻴﻠﻲ) • • • • • • • • • 86 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﻦ اﻻﺗﺮاك) • • • • • • • • • 87 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻴﻮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • 88 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • 89 دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ • • 90 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • 13 • 91 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ • • • • • • • • 92 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ • • 14 • • • • •

13 أُدرج اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ "اﻟﺸﻤﻌﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ" ﺑﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮارث (ﻣﻦ دون اﺳﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ)

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

76 ﺑﺮﺻﻮﻣﺎ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) • • • • • • • • • • 77 اﺑﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎر {11 78 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ • • • • • • • • • • 79 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (اﻟﺒﻠﺪي) • • • • • • • • • • 80 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (أﺑﻮ ﺣﻠﻴﻢ) • • • • • • • • • • 81 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) • • • • •12 • • • • • 82 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ) • • • • • • • • • 83 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (اﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ) • • • • • • • • •

11 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ 12 ﻋﺎش ﻣﺎري ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ (1190 ـ 1222).

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

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اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

68 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎزوك) • • • • 9 • • • •@@• • 69 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺮ ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل) • • • • • • • • • • 70 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻻول (اﻟﻄﻴﺮهﺎﻧﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 71 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ (ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﮔﺎﻻ) • • • • 10 • • • • • • 72 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ زﻧﺒﻮر) • • • • • • • • • • 73 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺮ ﻋﺮس - ﻋﺮﻳﺾ) • • • • • • • • • • 74 ﻣﻜﻴﺨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) • • • • • • • • • • 75 اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ( ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻠﻲ) • • • • • • • • • •

9 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎزوك 10 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آـﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﮔﺎﻻ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

60 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ • • • • 6 • • • • • • 61 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ (ﺑﺮ اﺑﮕﺮ) • • • • 7 • • • • 62 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﺑﺮازا) • • • • • • • • • • 63 ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ • • • • • • • • • • 64 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ (اﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 65 ﻋﺒﺪﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 66 ﻣﺎري (ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮﺑﻲ) اﻵﺷﻮري • • • • • • • • • • 67 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎدس (ﻳﻮﺁﻧﻴﺲ) • • • • 8 • • • • • •

6 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آـﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ دون آﻨﻴﺔ 7 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ اﺑﮕﺎري 8 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

51 ﻳﺸﻮع ﺑﺮﻧﻮن • • • • • • • • • • 52 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 53 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 54 اوراهﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 55 ﺗﺂداﺳﻴﺲ (ﺗﺂدوروس) • • • • • • • • • • 56 ﺳﺮآﻴﺲ (اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي) • • • • • • • • • • 57 اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ( اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) • 58 ﺁﻧﻮش (ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 59 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺎي) • • • •@5 • • • • • •

5 أدرﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ آﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺎي

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

40 ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ اﻻول • • • • • • • • • • 41 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﺗﺎ) • • • • • • • • • • 42 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻻﻋﺮج) • • • • • • • • • • 43 ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻻﺟﺮب) • • • • • • • • 44 ﺻﻠﻴﺒﺎ زﺧﺎ • • • • • • • • • • 45 ﺑﺜﻴﻮن • • • • • • • • • • 46 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 47 ﺳﻮرﻳﻦ • • • • • • • • • • 48 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 49 ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺸﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 50 ﻃﻴﻤﺎﺛﻴﻮس اﻻول • • • • • • • • • •

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

29 ﻧﺮﺳﺎي / اﻟﻴﺸﺎع • • • • • • • • • • 30 ﺑﻮﻟﺺ • • • • • • • • • • 31 ﻣﺎر أﺑﺎ اﻻول • • • • • • • • • 32 ﻳِﻮﺳﻒ • • • • • • • • • • 33 ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل • • • • • • • • • • 34 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻻول (اﻻرزﻧﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 35 ﺳﺒﺮﻳﺸﻮع اﻻول (اﻟﺠﺮﻣﻘﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 36 ﻏﺮﻳﻐﻮر (ﻳﻮس) • • • • • • • • • • 37 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻟﺠﺪاﻟﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 38 ﻣﺎر اﻣﻪ • • • • • • • • • • 39 اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲ) • • • • • • • • • •

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

18 ﻗﻴﻮﻣﺎ • • • • • • • • • • 19 اﺳﺤﻖ اﻻول • • • • • • • • • • 20 أﺧﻲ • • • • • • • • • • 21 ﻳﻬﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻻول • • • • • • • • • • 22 ﻣﻌﻨﺎ • • • • • • • • • • 23 ﻗﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ (ﻣﺎراﺑﻮﺧﺖ) • • • • • • • • • 24 دادﻳﺸﻮع • • • • • • • • • • 25 ﺑﺎواي (ﺑﺎﺑﻮي) • • • • • • • • • • 26 ﺁﻗﺎق • • • • • • • • • • 27 ﺑﺎواي • • • • • • • • • • 28 ﺷﻴﻼ • • • • • • • • • •

(1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

9 ﻳﻌﻘﻮب اﻻول (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ) • • • • • • • • • 10 ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ { 4 11 أﺧﻮ أﺑﻴﻪ • • • • • • • • • 12 ﺷﺨﻠﻮﭘﺎ (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) • • • • • • • • • 13 ﭘﺎﭘﺎ (ﺑﺮ ﮔﮕﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 14 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻻول (ﺑﺮ ﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ) • • • • • • • • • • 15 ﺷﺎهﺪوﺳﺖ • • • • • • • • • • 16 ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺸﻤﻴﻦ • • • • • • • • • • 17 ﺗﻮﻣﺮﺻﺎ • • • • • • • • • •

4 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ (1) ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @ @ @ @

@ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ گ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن @

: ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ

ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن

دن

داود

اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ

ﻳﻮﺳﻒ @ داود اﻟﻔﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺪل

ﻓﺎن اﻳﺸﺎي @ @ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ

أﻣﺔ

ﻴﺲ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ

اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﺑﻦ

ﻠﻦ

اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ

ﻣﻮت ﮔ آﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺎري

آﺘﺎب ﻴ ﻮر ﻣﺎر ه

ﮔ ➀➀

@ @@ @ @@ @@ @ @

@ @ @ ➄ ➇ ➀ ➉ ➈ ➆ ➅ ➃ ➂ ➁

1 ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ • • •@1 @ 2 ﺗﻮﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل • • • • • • • • 3 ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻤﺎي { 2 4 أداي (ﺗ ـَﺪاي) اﻟﺮﺳﻮل • • • • @• • • • • • 5 أﮔﺎي (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) • • • • • • • •@3@@ 6 ﻣﺎري (ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ أداي) • • • • • • • • • 7 اﺑﺮﻳﺲ (ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻌﺬراء) • • • • • • • • • 8 اوراهﺎم اﻻول (اﻟﻜﺸﻜﺮي) • • • • • • • • •

1 أُدرج ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل 2 { ورد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ 3 أُدرج ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎري 16 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

اﻟﻜﻠﺪاﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق وﻓﻘﺄ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎدر اﻻﺧﺮى.

11. ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ هﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻣُﻮري- ﻓﺎن دن ﺑﺮگ

ﻧ ـَﺸ ـَ ﺮَ تْ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ هﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻣُﻮر - ﻓﺎن دن ﺑﺮگ، ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻻﻳﺪن ﺑﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪة، ﺑﺤﺜﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣ ـﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻐﺎﻳ ـﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣ ـﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠ ـﺔ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴـﺔ "هﻮﮔﻮﻳﻮ".24 اﻋﺘﻤﺪت هﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد آﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎت واﻟﻤﺼ ﺎدر اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻔﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق. ﺗﻨﺒﻊ اهﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻮل ﺳﻨﻲ وﻓﺎة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻓــُـﻨـﱢ ﺪَ تْ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻷﺧﺮى وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﺬي اﺷﺮﻧﺎ اﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ. اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺟﺪوﻟﻬﺎ هﻮ "ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون".

اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ

ﻣﻊ أن ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺠﺪاول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻧ ﺸﺮت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ، إﻻ أ نﱠ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻻﻃﺎر ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﺻﻮرة أآﺜﺮ ﺷﻤﻮﻻ ووﺿﻮﺣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رﺋﺎﺳﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق و ﻳ ـَ ﺤ ـﱢ ﻞُ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻟﻐﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ. ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ﺟﺪول ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺳﺒﺮ أﻏﻮار اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ، ﺣﺘﻰ وإن آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة وﻋﺎﺑﺮة ، وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ ﻹﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎهﺎ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ . وﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺎق آﻬﺬا ، ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰ أن ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻲ أﺧﻄﺎء. وأﻧﻲ ﺑﺪوري اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺧ ﻄﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮ ن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻢ ذآﺮهﻢ . وﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺘﺎم، آﻠـﱢﻲ أ ﻣَ ﻞٌ ﺑﺄن ﻳ ـُﻨﺎﻗ ـﺶ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺄرﻳﺤﻴﺔ وﺑﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺒﺮا ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﻳﻤﺔ.

Heleen Van Den Berg, The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to 24 Eighteenth Centuries. Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 2, no. 2, 1999 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 15

اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ". ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ورد اﺳﻢ ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن، أﺷﺎر اﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﺑﺸﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ.

9. ﺟﺪول ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺳﻤﻌﺎن اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﻟﺴﻤـﻌـﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺎﻟـﻢ ﻟـﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ ذاﺋـﻊ اﻟﺼﻴـﺖ، اﺿﺤﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗـﻪ ﻣﻮردا ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴـﺎ ﻏﺰﻳﺮا وﻣـُﻌﺘﻤﺪا ﻟﺪى اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻴﻦ. وﻳﺠﺪر ان ﻧ ﻨﻮﻩ هﻨﺎ ﺑﺄن اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ أ دْ رَ جَ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟ ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت 624 – 630 ﻣﻦ ﻣـُﺆَﻟـﱠﻔـِﻪِ اﻟﻤﺬآﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺷﻴﺔ ادﻧﺎﻩ، 22 ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮس اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق . وﻓﻲ اﻣ ﺎآﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ى ادرج ﺳﻨﻲ وﻓﺎﺗﻬﻢ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺎهﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ . وﻟﻬﺬا ﻓﺈن آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ادرج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن رﻗﻢ (2) ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ اﻟﺠﻠﻮس ﻓﻘﻂ، دون ذآﺮ ﺳﻨﻮات وﻓﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة واﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.

10. ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اوراهﺎم ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ

آﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ا وراهﺎم ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻻﻣﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ وآﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق وادرج ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ و اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﺛﻴﻴﻦ واﻟﺴﺎﺳﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ واﻟﺨ ﻠﻔﺎء اﻟﻌﺮب وا ﻟﺴﻼﻃﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ. ﻣﺎر ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ هﻮ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ وﻗﺪ آﺎن ﺣﻴﺎ ﻳﺮزق إﺑﺎن ﻃﺒﻌﻪ آﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﻣﻮت أﻣﺔ" ﺳﻨﺔ 23.1916 ﻳﺬآﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اوراهﺎم ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ اﺳﻔﻞ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻤﺎر ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ آﺘﺎﺑﻪ، ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك رﻗﻢ 138 ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺜﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ، ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أ نﱠ ﻋَ ﺪَ دَ هُ ﻢْ آﻤﺎ أدرﺟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ آﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ أﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ وأﻟﻘﺎﺑﻬﻢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ، ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺴﺒﻌـﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﻌـﻴﻦ (97)، اﺿﺎﻓـﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺳﺒﻌـﺔ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻠـﻘـﺐ "اﻳـﻠـﻴﺎ" وهﻢ ﻳـﻨـﺘﻤﻮن اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺮع

Josephus Simonius Assemanus, Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vatican, An 22 Encyclopedia of Syriac Writers, Gorgius Press, 2004,Vol. III Abraham Youhanna, Ph.D., The Death of a Nation, G. P. Putman’s Sons, 23 New York & London,1916, pp. 152-158

14 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

ﻋﺸﺮ، اﻳﺸﻮﻋﻴﺎب اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ، دﻧﺤﺎ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨ ﺎﻣﺲ، اﻳﻠﻴﺎ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ، ﺷﻤﻌﻮن، ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﻮﺧﺘﺲ ، ﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ، اوراهﻢ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ، روﺑﻴ ﻞ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮون، ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون، اﻟﺬي ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ ﺳﻨﻪ 1903. وآﺎن ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ آﺘﺐ ﻣـُﺆَﻟـﱠﻔـَﻪُ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻣﺎر ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن. ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ، اﻹﺑﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ، ﻋﺎم 1931 آﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻵﺷﻮر ﻳﺔ19 ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺟﺪوﻻ ﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق، ذا اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑـَﻴـﱢﻨـَﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪول اﺑﻴﻪ وﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻷﺧﺮى . وﻟﻘﺪ ادرج آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ، اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ آﻤﺎ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول إﺑﻨﻪ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ وﻟﻴﺲ آﻤﺎ وردت ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻻب.

7. ﺟﺪول اﻟﺸﻤﺎس داود دْﺑﻴﺚ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻟﺸﻤﺎس داود دْﺑﻴﺚ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ، واﻟﺪ آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، آﺎن ﺿﻠﻴﻌﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ اﻷدﺑﻴﺔ. اﺳﺲ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻧﻴﻨﻮى ﻓﻲ آﺮ آﻮك ﺳﻨﺔ 1956 وﻃﺒﻊ وﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ. ﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت وﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ . ﻓﻲ اﺣﺪى ﻣﺨﻄﻮﻃ ﺎﺗﻪ، ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﺨ ﻂ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻤﺎ ادرﺟﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ ﺪول اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن رﻗﻢ (1) ﻣُ ﺴْـﺘـ ـﱠ ﻼً ﻣﻦ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺟﺒﺮاﺋﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ذآﺮﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ آﻮآﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺮة ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ.20

8. ﺟﺪول آﺘﺎب اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ21 ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب، آﺘﺐ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: "ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺪ اﻹﻧﺸﻘﺎق اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ واﻟﻰ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﻴـﻦ

19 N1931@~þìèčØĆ‘@~âôŠqđa@áíĆŠÏđa…@čÅÈđjİđß@~BdĆíč‡þëñča…@čÅnÈ‘đñ@ÝđÇ@čÅčÔşnčÏB J. Guriel, Elementa Chaldaicae Quibis series Patiarchim Chaldaeorum, 20 Rome, 1860. Aubrey R. Vines, The Nestorian Churches, Independent Press, Ltd., 21 Memorial Hall, E.C.4,1937.

12 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

ﻧﺴﺘﺪل ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﺄن اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـﱠﻴﺘﺎ (وآﺎن ﺁﻧﺬاك ﺷﻤﺎﺳﺎ ) هﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻧﻈـّﻢ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬآﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤـُﺮﱠﺟ ـَ ﺢْ أ نﱠ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ إﻋﺘﻤﺪ هﺎ آﺎن ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ، اﻟﺬي وإن ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻧ ـُ ﺸِ ﺮَ ﺁﻧﺬاك، اﻻ أن اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـﱠﻴﺘﺎ آﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﺟﻮدﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻧﺴﻄﻮرس، ﻧﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ.16 ﻟﻢ ﻳ ـُ ﺪْ رَ جْ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـﱠﻴﺘﺎ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺒﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ رﺋﺎﺳﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺣﺘﻰ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ (دﻧﺨﺎ ﺑَ ﺮْ ﻣﺎﻣﺎ) اي اﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻧﺸﻘﺎق اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ، ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳ ـِ ﻴ ﻢَ ﻳ ﻮ ﺧ ـَ ﻨ ـﱠ ﻦْ (ﻳﻮﺧﻨﺎ) ﺳﻮﻻﻗﺎ ﺑﻄﺮ ﻳﺮآﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ رﺋﻴﺲ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ روﻣﺔ.

4. ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ أﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ

ﻳـُﻌﺘ ـَﺒ ـَ ﺮُ اﻟﻘﺲ أﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ أﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﺪاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺮﺳﻴﻦ وﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت ﺗـَﻈـْﻬـَﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻷدب واﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ. أﻧﺠﺰ ﺟﺪوﻻ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﺑﺒﻄﺎرآـﺔ آﻨﻴﺴــﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺑﺸﻘﻴﻬﺎ واﻟﺤﻘﻪ ﺑ ﻤ ـُ ﺆَﻟ ـﱠ ﻔ ـِ ﻪِ "أدب اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻵراﻣﻴﺔ" ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ. اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ أﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ وﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول هﻲ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: • ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻘﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ أدرج ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (اﻷﺟﺮب) ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ، إﻻ اﻧﻪ وﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ . وهﻜﺬا ادرج اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﻲ ) ﻟﻐﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ، آﻴﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ. • ﻳﺬآﺮ ﻣﺎري ﺑﺮ ﺷﻠﻴﻤﻮن ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺧﺒﺎر ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 17 ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت ﺳﺮآﻴﺲ اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي ورﺳﻤﻮا ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﻦ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ ﺁﻧﻮش

15 ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻋﻄﻴﺖ اﻟﻰ آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ آﻮآﻠﻲ (Coakley) 16 اﻧﻈﺮ آﺘﺎب اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـﱠﻴﺘﺎ اﻟﻤﺆرخ 27/9/ 1908 ﻣﻦ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻲ وﺳﻜﺮﺗﺎرﻳﺔ هﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ 369 ﻣﻦ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ: History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical Church of the East, Minneapolis, Minn. 1910. 17 أﺧﺒﺎر ﻓﻄﺎرآﺔ آﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ـ ﻣﻦ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺠﺪل، ﻟﻤﺎري ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن، روﻣﺔ، ١٨٩٩ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 11

اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ . ﺑﺘﺄرﻳﺦ 13 ﺷﺒﺎط 1937 آﺘﺐ ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻳﺔ ﻟِ ـ ﻤُ ﺆَ ﻟ ـﱠ ﻒٍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان "اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﻨﺴﻄﻮرﻳﺔ ـ The Nestorian Churches"11 دون أ نْ ﻳﺬآﺮ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﻌﻮﻧﻲ، و ذ ﻳﱠــﻠـ ـَ ﻪُ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻪ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ: Eshai Shimon اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن By the Grace of God ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ اﻹﻟﻬﻴﺔ Catholicos Patriarch اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺟﺎﺛﻠﻴﻖ Of the East اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

إن اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ وردت ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ وﺻﻮل ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك ﻷول ﻣﺮة ، إذ آﺘ ﺐ ﻣﺤﺮر ﺟﺮﻳﺪة ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳ ﺦ 31 ﺗﻤﻮز 1940 ﻋﻦ وﺻﻮل ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة، وذآﺮ ﺑ ﺄَ نﱠ ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن هﻮ "اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻪ".12 واﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ هﻲ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻤﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن أِ ﻟ ﺘ ـُ ﻘ ـِ ﻄ ـَ ﺖْ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔﻞ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻮﻧﻜﺮس- وﻻﻳﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك ، ﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ آﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺳﻨـﺔ 1940، ﺣـﻴـﺚ آـﺘـﺐ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺼّـﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ: "ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون".13 وﻳﺠﺪر اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻪ هﻨﺎ ، ﺑﺄن آـِﻼ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻴﺮان اﻟﻰ آﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ (119) ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أَ نﱠ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ هﻮ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ واﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ (111).

3. ﺟﺪول آُـﺘـَﻴـﱢﺐْ اﻟﻔـُﺘﺎت14 ﻳﺤﺘﻮي هﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت ﺛﻼﺛﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎهﻴﺮأدﺑﺎء و ﺁﺑﺎء آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺎهﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻌ ﻬﺎ وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺸﺮ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﻜﺎﻧﻲ داﻓﻴﺪ ﺟـِﻨـْﻜﺲ 15 واﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـﱠﻴﺘﺎ.

Aubrey R. Vines, The Nestorian Churches, Independent Press, Ltd., Memorial Hall, 11 E.C.4, 1937 J. F Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East, Orientalia Lovaniensai 12 Analecta, Uitgeveriji Peeters end Departement Ooster Studeis Leuven, 1999, Footnote 5. 13 اﻟﻤﺼﺪر أﻋﻼﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 66. Press of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Mission, 1898, Urmi. 14 10 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

ﺣﺼﻞ آﺎﻵﺗﻲ : وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺠﺪول [ﻳﻮﺳﻒ] ﺟﺒﺮاﺋﻴﻞ، اﻟﺬي هﻮ ﺑ ﺎ ﻃ ﻞٌ،10 ﺟﻠﺲ دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺪة اﺣﺪى وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨ ﺔ وﻋﺸﺮة اﺷﻬﺮ! ﻓﺎذا آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟ ﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ 1329 ﻟﻜﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ 1351/1350. وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﺑﻠﻠﻮس وﻻﻣﻲ ﻳﺆآﺪان ﺟﺰﻣﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺑﺈﺳﻢ دﻧﺨﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ 1364، وﺑﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎدهﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻻﺧﻴﺮ "دﻧﺨﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ". هﻨﺎك ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺁﺧﺮ اﺛﺎر ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎ ﺣﺎدا، أﻻ وهﻮ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻘﺐ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ ﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن "اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون " آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺪرج ﻓﻲ آﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر دون اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء، اﻟﻰ اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن "اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟ ﻌﺸﺮ ون" آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺪرج ﻓ ﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ . وﻳﻌﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺐ: أ. ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﺑﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻷول ب. ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ (328 – 341) ﺑﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ج. ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ (ﺑﺤﺴﺐ آﻞ اﻟﺠﺪاول) ﺑﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ. د. ﻳﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ (ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دﺑﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ، واﻷب اﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ آﻮرآﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ) ﻓﻘﺪ اﺣﺘﺴﺒﻪ ﺑﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ. وﺑﻬﺬا ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ اﺿﺎف ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﻦ ﺑﻠﻘﺐ "ﺷﻤﻌﻮن" اﻟﻰ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ، ﻓـَﻐـَﺪَا "اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون"، ﺑ ﻄ ـَ ﺮْ ﻓ ـَ ﺔِ ﻋـَﻴْﻦ، "اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون". ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ وﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪد زﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ (ﻣﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون اﻟﻰ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون ). آﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻃ ـُ ﺒ ـِ ﻌَ ﺖْ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻵﺛﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺗﺤﺖ اﺷﺮاف اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘ ــ ﺎ، آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺪرت ﺗﺤﺖ إﺳﻢ "اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون". ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻴﻮم اﻟـﺬي ﻧ ـُ ﻔ ـِ ﻲَ ﻓـﻴﻪ ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاق اﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻗﺒﺮص، واﻟـﺬي ﺻﺎدف ﻧــﻬﺎر اﻟﺠﻤﻌ ــﺔ 18 ﺁب 1933 واﻟﻰ ﻳ ــﻮم اﻟﺴ ـﺒﺖ 13 ﺷﺒﺎط 1937، ﻟﻢ ﻳُ ﻌْـ ﺜ ـَ ﺮْ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺛﻴﻘ ــ ﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﺔ او وﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﺳﻤﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺣُ ﺮﱢ رَ تْ ﺧﻼل هﺬة اﻟﻔﺘﺮة، ﺗﺸﻴﺮاﻟﻰ اﻧﻪ ﻋ ـَ ﺮﱠ فَ ﻧ ﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻠﻘﺐ

10 اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻋﻼﻩ، ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ رﻗﻢ 31 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 9

أ يﱢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻷﺧﺮى وهﻢ : ﺑَﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻤﺎي 33 - ؟؛ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ 191 – 203؛ ﺑَﺮ ﺟَﺒّﺎرا .1136 – 1135 أدرج اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ ﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜ ﺎﻟﺚ (1359 – 1368) واﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذِ آ ﺮُ ﻩُ ﻓﻲ أ يﱢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻷﺧﺮى ﺳﻮى ﺟﺪول اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ (اﻟﻤﺼﺪر رﻗﻢ 6). وهﻨﺎ ﺗ ـَﺨ ـَﻠ ـﱠﻰ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻣﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر . و إ نﱠ ﺧﻄﺄﻩ هﺬا أ دّ ى اﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻓﺪح ، وهﻮ أن اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟـ ـُـ ﻘ ـﱢ ﺐَ ﺑـ "دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ" ﻋﻮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ "دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ". وﺗﺠﺪر اﻻﺷﺎرة هﻨﺎ ﺑﺎن آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، وﻓﻲ اﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻓﺮام ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دﺑﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ (اﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دﺑﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ) واﻟﺬي آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺷ ﺎرك ﻓﻲ ﻃﻘﻮس رﺳﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻧﻜﻠﺘﺮا، اﻋﺘﺮف ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺧﺮﻳ ﻦ، أﺧﻄﺄوا ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻟﻘﺐ "دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ". وﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺰى هﺬا اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ اﻟﺬي اوﺟﺪﻩ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ. ﻟﻘﺪ آﺎن اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ.7 وﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أن ﻧﻨﻮﻩ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: • ﻳﺒﺪو أ ن اﻟﺴﻴﺪ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ، ﻧﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟ ـﻚ، آ ــﺎن ﻗﺪ ﻋَـ ﻠِــ ﻢَ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واﻟﺪﻩ، ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬآﺮ "ﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ " ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ ﺪول اﻟﺬي ﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻻﺷﻮرﻳﻴﻦ".8

• ﻳﺬآﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ آﻮآﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﻮﺛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً:9 ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻔﺖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ هﻮ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ دﻧﺨﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ ("اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"). وﻳﺒﺪو ان اﺿﺎﻓﺔ هﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ، اﻟﺬي ﻻ و ﺟﻮد ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻃﻼق،

Prof. George David Malech, History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical 7 Church of the East, Minneapolis, Minn. 1910, 310 David Gewargis Malek, Briefs on the History of Assyrian, Ephraim Abraham Press, 8 Chicago, IL. 1931 J. F Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East, Orientalia Lovaniensai 9 Analecta, Uitgeveriji Peeters end Departement Ooster Studeis Leuven, 1999, pp. 77 8 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

وهﻜﺬا ﻓﺈن اآﺜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻮارﻳﺨﻬﺎ ﺗُ ﻈ ـْ ﻬ ـِ ﺮُ ﺑﺄن ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺑﺮﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻋﻮام 328 ـ 341". اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر اﻟﺬي اﺗﺒﻌﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻨﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻧﻌﺪ ام اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ وﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ وهﺬا ﻣﺎ اوﻗﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء، إذ ﺣﺪّد ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮس اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻮاردة أﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ ادﻧﺎﻩ ﻋﻞ اﻟﺴﺪّة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ: ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 1403 – 1407 • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس: ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 1448 – 1490 • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ: ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 1538 – 1551 وﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻮ ارﻳﺦ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ وﻓﺎﺗﻬﻢ آﻤﺎ هﻲ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺷﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻮاهﺪ اﺿﺮﺣﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ دﻳﺮ اﻟﺮﺑّﺎن هﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﻘﻮش، ﻧﺮاهﺎ ﺗﺨﺎﻟﻒ آﻠﻴﺎ، ﻻ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ذهﺐ اﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ هﻲ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:5 • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ: ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ 20 ﺷﺒﺎط 1497 • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس: ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ 5 ﺁب 1538 • ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ: ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ 1 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 1558 ﻟﻢ ﻳُ ﺪْ ر جْ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ اﻟﺠﺜﺎﻟﻴﻖ ﻣﺎر أَﺑـﱠﺎ اﻷول اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ (536 552) واﻟﻤﺪرج ﻓﻲ آﻞ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻻﺧﺮى، ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﺎر أَﺑـﱠﺎ آﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ وﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت ﻗــَﻴـﱢﻤـَﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة وﺗﻔﺎﺳﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ واﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ، وﻗﺪ ﺳﺮدهﺎ ﻣﺎر ﻋﺒﺪ ﻳﺸـﻮع اﻟﺼﻮﺑـﺎوي ﻓ ـﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ.6 وﺑﺮأي آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ هﺬا ﺳ ـَ ﻬ ـْ ﻮ اً. اﺷﺎر اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﺧ ﻄ ﺄً آﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ . وﺑﺮأي آﺎﺗﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮهﺬا ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴ ﺎً. وﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺁﺧﺮ، ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻘ ـﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻟ ـﻢ ﻳﻠ ـﺘﺰم ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌ ـﻴﺎر واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﻄﻬﻤﺎ واﺗﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ، ﺑﻞ اﻧﻪ ادرج ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذِ آ ـْ ﺮُهُﻢ ﻓﻲ

Heleen Van Den Berg, The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to 5 Eighteenth Centuries. Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 2, no. 2, 1999 6 آﺘﺎب "اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ" ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي. ﺟﻤﻌﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دﺑﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ، اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻵﺛﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ، اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ، 1924، ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 70 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 7

اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺬي ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ 2 ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘﺎ ، ﻣﻠﻲء ﺑﺎﺧﻄﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ، ﻋﻦ ﺟﻬﻞ، أﺧﻄﺎء اﺧﺮى. ﺑﺮأﻳﻲ، ا نﱠ اﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎد ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎء واﻻﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ هﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ اﻻﺧﻼ ق وﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ . واﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ، اﺟﺪ ﻧﻔ ﺴﻲ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ دون رﻳﺎء، ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ اﻟﻤﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن وﻻ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ إﻋﺘﻤﺪوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ. ﺗﺠﺪر اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد ﺑﺄن اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺔ آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ دﺑﻴﺚ ﺟَﺪﱠا ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ اﺣﺪى ﻓﻘﺮات اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:3 "ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻣِ ﻠـ ﺆُهﺎ اﻟﺘﻮاﺿﻊ ﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪاﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺟﺎﺛﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق [ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن]، اﻧﺎ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ دﺑﻴﺚ ﺟَﺪﱠا ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﺟﺜﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق" وﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻌﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮار ﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮس اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ، اﺗﺒﻊ اﻟﻘﺲ اﺳﺤﺎق رﻳﺤﺎﻧﺎ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﺎ ر اً ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ، ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤﻳﺘﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ إﻻ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮل:4 "ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻰ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول، اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب. ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل، ﺟﻠﺲ ﻣـﺎر ﺷﻤﻌــﻮن ﺑﺮﺻﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳــﻲ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻲ: ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 320 ـ 330 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 326 ـ 344 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﻋَﻤْﺮو ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 328 ـ 339 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻄﺮس ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 328 ـ 340 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ وﻳﻐﺮام ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 323 ـ 341 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻨﻜﺠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ؟ ـ 341 ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ﮔﻮرﮔﻴﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ

The Book of Marganithat (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity, Mar Themotheus 2 Memorial Printing and Publishing House Ltd., Ernakulam, Kerala, India, 1965. 3 اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻋﻼﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 116 4 اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻋﻼﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 115 6 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

• ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺔ أﺳﻤﺎء أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ، أي ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺸﻘﺎق اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ وهﻢ : ﻳﺒﺂﻻهﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ اﻟﻰ اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد ﻓﻲ آـُـ ﺘ ـَ ﻴ ـﱢ ﺐْ اﻟﻔـُﺘﺎت. ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬآﺮاﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘﺎ ، ﻓﻲ آﻼ اﻟﻤﺼﺪرﻳﻦ ، اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ اوردهﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟَ ﺪْ وَ ﻟ ـَ ﻴْ ﻪِ وإآﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ 134 ﻣﻦ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺎق وﺟﻬﺪ ﺟﻬﻴﺪ، وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر، اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻤﻌﺎوﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺻﺎﺋﻎ [ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﺪاﻧﻴﺔ] ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ. ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻤﺒﻬﻤﺔ، ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘ ﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ، ﺑﻞ ﻓﻲ آﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن رﻗﻢ 2 ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻷب اﻟﺒﻴﺮ أﺑﻮﻧﺎ، ﻧﺠﺪ اﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ وﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ (أي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى 203 ﺳﻨﻮات: ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ 1700 ـ 1903) ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ (ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ، ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ، ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ، ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ) آ ﻞﱞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻤﺪة أرﺑﻌﻴ ﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ، ﻣﻦ دون زﻳﺎدة أو ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ، وﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪهﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺧﺎﻣﺲ (ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ) ﻟﻤﺪة ﺛﻼث وارﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ. ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻹﺿﻄﺮاد اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ، ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ، ﺑﻞ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮد اﻟﻌﺎدي ا ﻳ ﻀ ﺎً . وﻗﺪ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻌﺰو هﺬا اﻻﺿﻄﺮاد اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ وأﺳﻤﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻌ ﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ، وﻻ ﻓﺘﺮة ﺟﻠﻮس آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻃﻮال ﻗﺮﻧﻴﻦ وأآﺜﺮ . وهﻜﺬا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ هﺬة اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟ ﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ (203 ﺳﻨﻮات ) ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻄ ﺎرآﺔ اﻟﺨ ﻤﺴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺒﻬﻢ، ﻓﺨﺼﺼﺖ ﻣﺪة ارﺑﻌﻴﻦ (40) ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎم ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻻرﺑﻌﺔ اﻷواﺋﻞ وﺛﻼث وارﺑﻌﻴ ﻦ (43) ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ.

2. ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻣﺜـﻠﻤـﺎ ذآـﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻟﻘـﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘــﺎ، ﻓﺎﻧﻲ آﺬﻟـﻚ ﺑﺤـﺜـﺖ ﺑﻤﺸﻘـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﺸﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر واﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋـﻖ واﻟﺠﺪاول ﺑﻠﻐـﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ، وﻃﺎﻟﻌـﺖ ﺁﻻف اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﺠﺪوﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ . وﺧﻼل ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﺨﺖ ﻟﺪي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺎدهﺎ ان ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق 5

اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر، آﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺟﺪوﻟﻪ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذآﺮهﻢ ﻓﻲ أ يﱟ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻷﺧﺮى . ﺑَ ﻴْ ﺪَ أ نﱠ ﻣﺎ أُ دْ ر جَ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ واﻟﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ (وﻗﺪ ﺳَﻤﱠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) ﻓﻴﻜﺎد ﻳﺪﻧﻮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول . وﻳﺒﺪو أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻲ ﺟﺪاول ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﻤﺬآﻮرة، إﻋﺘﻤﺪوا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر وا ﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ، أو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼ ﺎدر ﻣ ﺘ ﻄ ﺎ ﺑ ﻘ ﺔً . وﻳﻈﻬﺮ هﺬا اﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟ ﻠ ﻴ ﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻘﺎرن رﻗﻢ 2 (اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ ) اﻟﺬي ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺪادﻩ واﻟﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮس اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻷول ﺑﺮﺻﺒّﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻰ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ، أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒ ﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ 14 اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳ ﺮك ﺗﺴ ﻠﺴﻞ 96. وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺎ رﻳﺦ ﺣﺪث إﻧﺸﻘﺎق ﻓﻲ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ ال ﻓﺮﻋﻴﻦ، وﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻻﺣﻖ اﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺮوع . وﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻹﻧﺸﻘﺎق، ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺟﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن وﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول. ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎق هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، ﺳﻮف ﻧﺪرج ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪاول اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ إﻏﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق وأﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺪاول.

1. ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِ ﻠ ـﱠﻴﺘﺎ

رَﺗ ـﱠ ﺐَ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِ ﻠ ـﱠ ﻴﺘﺎ هﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول وﻧﺸﺮﻩ آﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ 1 وهﻮ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑ ﻜ ـُ ﺘ ـَ ﻴ ـﱢ ﺐْ اﻟﻔـُﺘﺎت (آﺜﺎووﻧﺎ دْﻓ ـَ ﺮْﺗﻮﺗﻲ)، اﻟﻤﺼﺪر رﻗﻢ 3، واﻟﺬي آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم اﻟﻘﺲ اﻟﻤﺬآﻮر ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ وﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ 1898 ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اورﻣﻴﺎ . اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ هﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺪوﻟﻴﻦ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ وهﻲ آﺎﻷﺗﻲ: • أ دْ ر جَ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ (ﺑﻄﺮس اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ) ﻋﻠﻰ رأس اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذآﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠ ﺪول اﻟﻤ ﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜـُـ ﺘ ـَ ﻴ ـﱢ ﺐْ اﻟﻔـُﺘﺎت . وﻗﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دْﺑﻴﺚ ﻗِﻠـًﻴﺘﺎ اﻟﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول ﻣ ﺴﺘﻨ ﺪ اً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻻﺻﺤﺎح اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ، اﻟﺸﻄﺮ 13 ﻣﻦ رﺳﺎﻟــﺔ ﺑﻄﺮس اﻟﺮﺳــﻮل اﻻوﻟﻰ ـ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘــﻮل: " ﺗ ـُﺴَﻠـﱢﻢُ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ".

1 "آﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ" ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺸﻮع اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎوي. ﺟﻤﻌﻪ اﻟﻘﺲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ دﺑﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ، اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻵﺛﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ، اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ، 1924، ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 146 - 150

ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق

ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺟﺪول ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ آ ـُﻠـ ـﱢـﻴﺎ اُ دْرﺟَ ﺖْ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻟ ﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺒﻬﻢ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ واﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺠﻠﻮس آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق. و ﻳُ ﻌَ ﺪﱡ هﺬا اﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎر ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺎ ، ﻷن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ هﺬﻩ اﻟ ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻳ ﻤ ﺘ ﺪّ ﻓﻲ اﻏﻮار اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻲ. وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ واﻟﺴﺠﻼت، هﺬا ان آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة اﺻﻼ، ﻗﺪ ﺳَ ﻠ ـِ ﻤَ ﺖْ اﻟﻰ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ . ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻻ ﻟﻔﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ، ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ، وﺷﻌﺒﻨﺎ اﻵﺷﻮري ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻃﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮق اﻻو ﺳﻂ، اﻟﻰ اﺿﻄﻬﺎدات ﻳﻌﺠﺰ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ وﺻﻔﻬﺎ . ا ن اﻟﻨﻜ ﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣ ﻠ ـﱠ ﺖ ﺑﺸﻌﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺸ ﻌﻮب اﻟ ﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻤﺠﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺬهﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻴﺮاﻧﻬﻢ، ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻴﺎغ اﻷﻻف اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎت اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ آﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﻀﻨﻬﺎ دور اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة واﻻدﻳﺮة واﻟﻤﺪارس وﻟﻢ ﻳـَـﻨـْﺞُ ﻣﻨ ﻬﺎ إﻻ اﻟﻨﺰراﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ واﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺧ ـُ ﻄ ـّ ﺖْ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ ، ﻓﻠﻘﺪ وﺟﺪت ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﻒ اﻟﺪول اﻷورﺑﻴﺔ ، وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪا ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﻴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﻣﺎ. واﻟﻴﻮم، وﺑﻌﺪ ﻣُ ﻀِ ﻲﱢ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻧﺎ، ﻓ ﺈ نﱠ إ ﻋ ﺪ ا دَ ﺟﺪول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺮق وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻠﻮس آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻲ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﺣ ﺎ ﻟ ﻴ ﺎً ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺮ. وﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﺢ اﻟﻘﻮل، إن ذﻟﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق. ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻀﺮورة أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺳﺒﺮ اﻏﻮار اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ إﺛﺒﺎت ﺗﺎ رﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﻴّﻦ . وﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﻨﻲ، ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻮ ارد أن ﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺁﺧﺮون . وﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﻴـﱠﻦ ﻟﻲ هﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﺟ ﻠ ﻴ ﺎً ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺪاد اﻟﺠﺪوﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻻﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺪوﻟﻴﻦ وﺗﻮارﻳﺦ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﻟﻴﺔ، ﻧﺠﺪهﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ آﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﺟﻠﻴﺎ . ﻓﻠﻘﺪ أً دْ ر ﺟَ ﺖْ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻬﻮد اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ

4 ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺔ 3

ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺗﺄرﻳﺨﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ ذهﺎب ﺑﻄﺮس اﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﻟ ﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ آﺎﻧﺖ ﺁﻧﺬاك ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ اﻟﻰ ﺧﺮاﺋﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺄهﻮﻟﺔ ، وآﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺟﻴﺎل اﻟﻴﻬﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺎهﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻧﺒﻮﺧﺬﻧﺼﺮ اﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺁ ذار ﺳﻨﺔ 606 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎدت اﻟﻰ اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ (اﻟﻘﺪس) ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ، وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ آﻮرش اﻷول ﺳ ﻨﺔ 536 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد. أﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺳﻜﺎن ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻜﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺗ ﻢّ ﺗﻬﺠﻴﺮهﻢ اﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻗﻴﻴﻦ. ﺣﻴﻦ آﺘﺐ ﺑﻄﺮس اﻟﺮﺳﻮل رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺬآﻮرة ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻦ ذاآﺮة اﻟﻴﻬﻮد ﺑَ ﻌْ ﺪْ ذآﺮى اﻷﻳﺎم اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺎهﺎ أﺟﺪادهﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ "ﻣﻀﻄﻬﺪﺗﻬﻢ اﻻوﻟﻰ ". ﻟﺬا، ﻓﺎ ن ﺑﻄﺮس ا ﻟﺮﺳﻮل آﺎن ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﻣﺎ " ﻣﻀﻄﻬﺪﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ " اﻟﺘ ﻲ آﺎن ﻧﻔﻮذهﺎ ﻗﺪ إ ﻣ ﺘ ﺪّ اﻟﻰ ﻳﻬﻮدا. إن اﻻﺛﺒﺎت اﻵﺧﺮ ﻻﺷﺎرﺗﻪ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﻣﺎ آﺮﻣﺰا ﻟﺒﺎﺑﻞ ، ﻓﻘﺪ ورد ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎب "رؤﻳﺎ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﻼهﻮﺗﻲ "، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻻﺻﺤﺎح 17: اﻵﻳﺎت 5 – 9: "ﺑﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ أم اﻟﺰاﻧﻴﺎت،...... واﻟﺪب اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ رؤوس ....." وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف، أن روﻣﺎ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻴّﺪت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺗﻼل. 2. ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻻﺧﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﺗﻪ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﺔ، اﺳﺘﺒﺪل ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ "ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ " اﻟﻰ "ﻣﺎر ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺜ ﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ". وﻓﻲ ﻧﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، ﺳﻴﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﻘﺎرئ أن هﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻻ اﺳﺎس ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ ﺗﺄرﻳﺨﻴﺔ. 3. إﺗﺨﺬ اﻟﺒ ﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻘﺐ "دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ " أﺳﺘﻨﺎدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺬي أ دْ رَ جَ ﺧﻄﺄ، ﺛﻤﺔ ﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ واﻟﺬي ﻻ وﺟﻮد ﻟﻪ اﺻﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ. إن اﻟﻠﻘﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ هﻮ "ﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ ااﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ". ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﺴﻬﺐ اﺳ ﺘﻤﺮ ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ، ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺪاد ﺟﺪول ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ (رﻗﻢ 3) واﻟﺬي اﻟﺤﻘﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، ﺁﻣﻼ أن ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﺼﺪر رﺣﺐ وﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼء ﻟﻴ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺪ ﺧﻼ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑُ ﻨ ـِ ﻴ ـَ ﺖْ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أ ﺳﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﻳﻤﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺒﻨ ـّﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق آﺠﺪول رﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺘﻬﺎ.

داﻧﻴﺎل داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ

2 ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق @

أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺗﺄرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜ ﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اوآﺴﻔﻮرد اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ. "ﻋﺰﻳﺰي داﻧﻴﺎل ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺮرت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻼم ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻷآﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻠﺘﻨﻲ ﺗ ﻮ اً ، وأﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ اﺣﺘﻮ ى ﺑﺤﺜﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ [آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ] واﻟ ﺬي أﻋﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ. أهﻨﺌﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺤﻮﺛﻚ اﻟﻘﻴ ـّﻤﺔ". ﺳﺒﺎﺳﺘﻴﺎن ﺑﺮوك

ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ أن ﻻ ﻳﺠﺪ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﺎ آﻠﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ وﻻ ﺑﺄزﻣﻨﺔ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة . وﻳﻌﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ واﻟﻰ اﻧﻌﺪام اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ. وﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺪاد ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ (اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ 1) وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺪول ﺑﺎزﻣﻨﺔ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻲ (اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ 2) ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر. وﻗﺪ أﺷﺮت ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﺷ ﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ وﺟﺪﺗﻬﺎ . وﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺧﻄﺎء ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺸﺎز، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ، ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺠﻬﻞ، ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻄﺎت اﺧﺮى اﺳﺠﻠﻬﺎ أدﻧﺎﻩ: 1. أدرج ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ آﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺜﻼث اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ: أ. اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧ ﺔ اﻟﺬي أ ﻋ ﺪّ ﻩ اﻷب ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ "اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻷول"، ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرﺟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ "ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻔﺘﺎت" اﻟﺬي آﺎن هﻮ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺎﻋﺪادﻩ وﻃﺒﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اورﻣﻴﺔ. ب. اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺬي أﻋﺪّﻩ ﻣﺎر اﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن وﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ اﻷب ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﻠﻴﺘﺎ. ج. آﺘﺎب اﻟﺸﻤﺎس ﮔﻳﻮرﮔﻳﺲ داود ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ أدرج ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻮﻧﻪ "اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ" ﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل. وﻗﺪ ﻧﺠﻢ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺑ ﻨ ﺎ ءً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻄﺮس اﻟﺮﺳﻮل اﻻوﻟﻰ، اﻻﺻﺤﺎح 5: اﻵﻳﺔ 13، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ: "ﺗﺨﺼﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ".

ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺔ

ﺗﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻣ ﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻋ ﻤ ﻮ ﻣ ﺎً ﻓﻲ أدﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ وآﻨﺎﺋﺴﻬﺎ وﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺗﻬﺎ. وﻟﺪى اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ هﺬ ﻩ اﻟﻜﻨ ﻮز، ﻳﻘﻒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ورﺳﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ . وﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ، ﻟﺴﺆ ﺣﻈﻬﺎ ، ﺗﻌﺮّض اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ وﺛﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺮق واﻹﺗﻼف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ اﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻤﺞ واﻟﺤﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ واﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ . وﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻢّ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺨﻲ اﻻﺻﻠﻲ ﻷﺑﻨﺎء هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ، ﻓﻼ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ إﻻ اﻟﻨﺰر اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ آﻨﺰهﺎ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﺬي هﻮ اﻵن ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮزة اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﺪاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ. ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر اﻟﺬي أﻟﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻴﺎع ﻣﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ، ﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﻞ هﺪم آﻨﺎﺋﺴﻬﺎ وأدﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ وﻣﺪارﺳﻬﺎ وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ، إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ إﺑﺎدة اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ. وهﻜﺬا، وﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮون ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﺎدة واﻟﺪ ﻣﺎر، ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ اﻷﻣﺔ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﺔ وآﻨﻴﺴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴﺎ اﻟﻰ أﻗﻠﻴﺔ هﺰﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﺠﺮّدة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮاﺛﻬﺎ اﻟﻐﻨﻲ. و آ ﺄ نﱠ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر اﻟﺬي أﻟﻤﺤﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻪ واﻟﻤﺼﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ أ ﻟ ﻤﱠ ﺖْ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ آﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨـَﻴـْـ ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ، ﻟﺘﺘﻠﻘﻰ أ ﺧ ﻴ ﺮ اً ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻴﻦ اﺧﺮﺗﻴﻦ آﺎﻧﺘﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ زﻳﺎدة وهﻨﻬﺎ، وهﻤﺎ: 1. ﻗﺪوم ا ﻟﻤﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺬﻳﻦ واﻟﻤﻐﻴﺜﻴﻦ واﺧﺘﺘﺎم ﺗﺒﺸﻴﺮهﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺴﺎم أﺗﺒﺎع آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﭙﺮوﺗﺴﺘﺎﻧﺘﻴﺔ واﻷرﺛﻮذآﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ. 2. اﻹﻧﺸﻘﺎق اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ اﻟ ﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟ ﻤﺎﺿﻲ، ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻐﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﺨﺼ ﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮك ﻣﺎر ا ﻳﺸﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﺤﺎ دي واﻟﻌﺸﺮون وﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ر ﺗﻮﻣﺎ درﻣﻮ ﻣﻴﻄﺮاﻓﻮﻟﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ . إذ أ نﱠ ﻋَ ﺰ لَ اﻟﻤﻴﻄﺮاﻓﻮﻟﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺬآﻮر ﻋﻦ آﺮﺳﻴﻪ ، دﻓﻌﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ رﺋﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ و هَﺠْﺮ رﻋﻴﺘﻪ واﻟﻌﻮدة اﻟﻰ ﺑﻐﺪاد. وهﻨﺎك، وﺑﻤﺒﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ، ﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻗﻔﺔ اﻟﺬﻳ ﻦ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺪورهﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﺎ . وهﻜﺬا إﻧﺸﻘﺖ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق اﻟﻰ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﻦ وهﻲ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﻦ، ﻣﺎر أدﱠي اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وﻣﺎر دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ، ﻳـُﺰَﻳـﱢﻒ آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ اﻵﺧﺮ وﻳﺆآﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺘﻪ. وﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻣﺮارة هﺬا اﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎق ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻓﻮاﻩ آﺎﻓﺔ أﺑﻨﺎء هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ. وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ اوردﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة رﻗﻢ 2 اﻋﻼﻩ، ﻟﻢ ادرج اﺳﻢ أ يﱟ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮآﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ. وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻤﺼﺎﻋﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻋﺘﺮﺿﺖ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻟﺠﺪاول اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﺎهﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺆآﺪة، ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻮهﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺧﻄﺎ ء اﻟﻮاردة ﻓ ﻲ آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻨﺎل هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ رﺿﻰ اﻟﻀﻠﻴﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ . وآﺸﻬﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺎﻧﺔ وآﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻀﻤ ﻨﻪ هﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، ﻓﻘﺪ أدرﺟﺖ أدﻧﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ، ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي، ﻟﻠﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ إﺳﺘﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ

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اﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺠﺰﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪة ﺳﻮزان ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﺼﺮاﻧﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ

وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻮﺋﻴﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻮﻣﻮن ﻻﻋﺎدة ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ

ﺑﻄﺎرآﺔ آﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮق دﻧﺨﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻻ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ @ @

داﻧﻴﺎل داود ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ

اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ 2005

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Heleen Van Den Berg čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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Heleen Van Den Berg čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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Heleen Van Den Berg čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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Heleen Van Den Berg čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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ÙÜčß@

Heleen Van Den Berg čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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• • • • • • 10 • • • • HhčÜčçŠđ@ŠđiI@dčîčänßñ@åčäđyþìí 71 • • • • • • • • • • H‰þìğjã‹@ŠđiI@dčíčònÛñ@Êþì’mŠrđ 72 • • • • • • • • • • HŠđÇ@ŠđiI@dčäčí‰ñ@Êþì’m†rđÇ 73 • • • • • • • • • • HæþìàîÜ‘@ŠđiI@dčîčß†đÓ@dč‚nØđß 74 • • • • • • • • • • HoÜÔđß@ŠđiI@dčäčí‰ñ@dčnÛa 75 • • • • • • • • • • Hdčqþëú…I@dčßëõú@Šđi 76 11} @ aŠčjžäđç@Šđi 77 • • • • • • • • • • @ @dčíčònÛñ@Êþì’m†rđÇ 78

NBhčÜčçŠđ@Šđi@dčîčÈnr‘@åčäđyþìíB@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠfljÛča@ @10 @ NæþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@ðŠčß…@a‰†fli@…þìzÜđi@}@ @11

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• • • • • • • • • • ÝíaŁìäčàđÇ 63 • • • • • • • • • • HdčîčŠđ×I@ÝĆíŠm 64 • • • • • • • • • • HdčîčÔßŠđçI@dčîčß†đÓ@Êþì’m†rđÇ 65 • • • • • • • • • • dčí‰þëñča@Hoğiþì@ŠđiI@p‰bčß 66 • • • • • • 8 • • • • HnãčaþìíI@dčíčòmò‘@åčäđyþìí 67 • •@@• • • • 9 • • • • HÚŁë‹bčã@ŠđiI@dčîčÈnr‘@åčäđyþìí 68 • • • • • • • • • •HÝíbnÓŒđy@ŠđiI@dčîčÈnq‰@tžóđîÇþì’m 69 • • • • • • • • • • @Hæô…I@dčîčß†đÓ@dčnÛa 70

NBdčnÇ@Šđi@dčîč’n»@åčäđyþìíB@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠﬂjÛča@ @8 NB„Łë‹bčã@Šđi@dčíčòmò‘@åčäđyþìíB@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠﬂjÛča@ @9

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• • • • • • • • • • HdčîčqŁëúI@nçŠđ 56 • @ HŠđØ’đ×…I@ÝĆíŠm 57 • • • • • • • • • • HïđßŠđç@òîĆi…I@”þìãča 58 • • • • • • 5@• • • • HïđŠđã@ŠđiI@dčíčònÛñ@åčäđyþìí 59 • • • • • • 6 • • • • dčîčÈnq‰@åčäđyþìí 60 • • • • 7 • • • • HaĆˆèqđa@ŠđiI@dčîč’n»@åčäđyþìí 61 • • • • • • • • • • @ Hcõ‹aŠğiđaI@dčíčònÛñ@âôŠqđa 62

@BïđŠđã@Šđi@dčäčí‰ñ@åčäđyþìíBƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠfljÛča 5 6 @ @NdčîčãŁì×@hčÛ…@BdčíčònÛñ@åčäđyþìíB@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠfljÛča@ @NBaĆˆèqđa@Šđi@dčîčÈnq‰@åčäđyþìíB@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@dčãþìiča@ŠfljÛča@ 7

@ dčzĞã†đß…@ @cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí@H I

The Nestorian Churches @ @ Heleen Van Den Berg @ÙÜčß@ @ @čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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• • • • • • • • • •HóĆäčîqŞú@ƒmŠi@ŠđiIdčäčí‰ñ@dčqđa@ðŠčß 46 • • • • • • • • • • åm‰þì 47 • • • • • • • • • • dčäčí‰ñ@tþìÔÈđí 48 • • • • • • • • • • dčäčí‰ñ@Êþì’näčäy 49 • • • • • • • • • • @ dčîčß†đÓ@þëaòčàn 50 • • • • • • • • • • æþìãŠđi@Êþì’m 51 • • • • • • • • • • dčäčí‰ñ@nç‰ìnç 52 • • • • • • • • • • dčäčí‰ñ@@Êþì’mŠrđ 53 • • • • • • • • • • @HdčçŠđß…I@dčäčí‰ñ@âôŠqđa 54 • • • • • • • • • • Hþë‰þë…čañI@nčŁ…čañ 55

@ dčzĞã†đß…@ @cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí@H I

The Nestorian Churches @ @ Heleen Van Den Berg @ÙÜčß@ @ @čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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• • • • • • • • • • HþìmI‰þìÌmŠç 36 • • • • • • • • • •HdčîčqŠđÇ/dčîčÛč†çI@dčäčí‰ñ@tžóđîÇþì’m 37 • • • • • • • • • • óĆßa@ðŠčß 38 • • • • • • • • • • Hdčîčrčíđ†yI@dčíčònÛñ@tžóđîÇþì’m 39 • • • • • • • • • • dčîčß†đÓ@nç‰ìnç 40 • • • • • • • • • • HcčñŠčß@ŠđiI@dčîčß†đÓ@åčäđyþìí 41 • • • • • • • • • • HaÌyI@dčîčß†đÓ@Êþì’näčäy 42 • • • • • • • • @HdčiŠđçI@dčäčí‰ñ@åčäđyþìí 43 • • • • • • • • • • dč‹@dčrnÛú 44 • • • • • • • • • • æþìíòÏ 45

@ dčzĞã†đß…@ @cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí@H I

The Nestorian Churches @ @ Heleen Van Den Berg @ÙÜčß@ @ @čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ

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• • • • • • • • • • ÕčÓča 26 • • • • • • • • • • ïđjči 27 • • • • • • • • • • hčÜn‘ 28 • • • • • • • • • • Éč’nÛa/ïđŠđã 29 • • • • • • • • • • þìÛìčÏ 30 • • • • • • • • • dči‰@dčîčß†đÓ@dčqđa@ðŠčß 31 • • • • • • • • • • Ñﬂìčí 32 • • • • • • • • • • ÝíbnÓŒđy 33 • • • • • • • • • • Hdčîčãþë‹‰đaI@dčîčß†đÓ@tžóđîÇþì’m 34 • • • • • • • • • • HdčîčÔßŠđçI@dčîčß†đÓ@Êþì’mŠrđ 35

@ dčzĞã†đß…@ @cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí@H I

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• • • • • • • • • • ³à’Èđi@Šđi 16 • • • • • • • • • • cõúŠđßŁëñ 17 • • • • • • • • • • @ dčßŁìîđÓ 18 • • • • • • • • • • dčîčß†đÓ@Õčzm 19 • • • • • • • • • • oyđa 20 • • • • • • • • • • dčîčß†đÓ@cóčÛđbqžóđí 21 • • • • • • • • • • dčäÈđß 22 • • • • • • • • • HòþìiaŠčßI@@òþìiaŠčÓ 23 • • • • • • • • • • Êþì’m…č… 24 • • • • • • • • • • HðþìibčiI@ïđjči 25

@ dčzĞã†đß…@ @cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí@H I

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• • • • • • • • • HŠđØ’đ×…I@dčîčß†đÓ@âôŠqđa 8 • • • • • • • • • HÑﬂìčí…@dčäčîyaI@dčîčß†đÓ@tþìÔÈđí 9 4 } @ dčzn’ß†rđÇ 10 • • • • • • • • • ðôŁìqđa…@dčyđa 11 • • • • • • • • • HŠđØ’đ×…I@dčÏŁìÜzđ‘ 12 • • • • • • • • • • Hoèđç@ŠđiI@dčÏbčÏ 13 • • • • • • • • • • HdŽÈčiú@ŠđiI@dčîčß†đÓ@æþìÈàﬂ‘ 14 • • • • • • • • • • òþë…óč‘ 15

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Abraham Youhanna, Ph.D., The Death of a Nation, G.P. Putman’s Sons, New York @ 92 @ & London, 1916, pp.152 – 158 @ @University of Leiden, The Netherlands@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 93 Heleen Van Den Berg, The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the @ 94 @ Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries, Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies,Vol.2, no.2, 1999 19@ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ

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@ @ 90BdĆîčã‡þìİflã…@cñč†ĆÇB@dčqčò×đ…@a‰†fl ➇ @Zdčqčò×đ…@dč‘Ć‰@ñþìyñ@dčßþìîč@óÜí@dčrmò×@dč…ô@ @O@@@@@@ d nč À  ač @ ì À çč @ Å@@@@@@@@č î ãč ‰ Łì İ À  Łì ã @ c ñč Łì ä îč İ À  Šfl × …đ @ Åč · † À ç @ Åč n È À ‘ ñđ @ a †č y B @ @@BNdčäčßìčí…@dĆíč‡þëñča@Þµë@dčîčŠčÏ@dčÓ†fl…@dčäq‹ @~æþìÈ@@@@à À ‘fl @ ï À ’đ m a @ @d ×č Š mč Š İ Ïč … @ d čàfl’Û@@dčßþìîč@@@@@ ó Ü í @ a ‰Ć Łì  † ßđ … @ d Øč í ađ @ Ý × @ NB21@æþìÈàfl‘B@ƒíđa@óÛa@óÜí@cõŒčß‰ @ oäčÈàflđa@ŁìÐnìčí…@a‰†fl@ ➈ @@ † À yđ @@@@@ d À äč í @ d À mĆ ë ô @@@ ó àŽ îč À  @N@@@@d Èč m † À í @ d À îč äč äč r Û @ @d À Ðč n Ü íđ @@@@@ † À yđ @ ó À Ü m @@ o ä Èč à fl đa@ @ @NdŽîčÜîĆiñ@dŽíþëûči@dčÓ@dčäčÜđñòflßë@dčÈnÐ‘@dčîčãčònÈ‘đñ@dčÇŁìjđß @čÅqđòÀÀÀm…@dÀÀÀčäq‹@óÀÀÀÛ@cĆŒyŁìÀÀÀß@oäčÈàÀÀÀflđa…@Š×†ÀÀÀđß…@fÀÀÀčÜí@čÅîÀÀÀčÔäđãča@ … c ñ ë ò À Ïč @ Ý À Çđ @ @@dčzĞã†Àđß…@cčñž†ĆÇ@@@@… @ d îč zč n Ü ‘ @ d îč  ‰ Łì × @ Ý Çđ @ d × ˆ mč Š İ Ïč @@@@@@624 ـ @630@ @@@@ ó À Û @ c ŒĆ y Łì ß @ @cčñĆŠya@čÅ×Łë†ië@91NòyđòÜđi@@@@d àč n ‘ ‰ @ ó àĆ îč  …đ @ d íč òč n Û ñ @ d Ôč ič Łë … … @ñ@Ł ì À Ð Û @@@@@@@d äĆ À ‘č ‡ Łì Ï @ ð ó í òđ À äč î iđ @ c ë ôž @ ò À m a … @@@ d À Øč í ađ @@@ðóîđãč†ãŁìÇ…@dĆ’mˆÏ@dŽäq‹ @@@@@@@ a ‰ † À fl @ ì À çč @ c ô ač @ ñ Łì À i ë @N@@@ô ñ ì À ä Çč … ì ßč @ ó À Û @@@ÝnÔ‘@ðóîđäflß…@@dĆ’mˆÏ@dŽÇŁìjđß @čÅq ò@đ À m … @@@dčßþìÔnÀ@@@@@ … Łì À z Ü iđ @ ó À Û @@@@ c ŒĆ y Łì À ß @ @d À íč õú Łì i @@@côča…@dčßþìîč@H2I@@ d äč îč ä ßfl @ NdĆ’mˆÏ@ðóîđãč†ãŁìÇ…@dčßþìÔn@hčÛ…@~dčîčznÜ‘@dčî‰Łì×@ÝđÇ@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…

@ @ @NÝĆmŠrđç@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ…@dčqčò×@O@´Ćàčîäﬂi@òîĆi…@†mëč…@dč’čàđ‘…@ač†mbi@čÅİmŠ@ 89 J. Guriel, Elementa Chaldaicae quibus series patriarchum Chaldaeorum, Rome,1860. @ Aubrey R, Vines M.A., B.D., B.Sc., The Nestorian Churches, with foreword by Mar@ @90 @ @ Eshai Shimon, Independent Press Ltd. 1937. Josephus Simonius Assemanus, Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana, An @ 91 Encyclopedia of Syriac Writers, Gorgius Press, 2004, Vol. III. @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 18

@dÀÀčäq‹@‰đòÀÀči@O@òmbÀÀč’mŠÏ@~ÙÀÀÜčß@†ÀÀmëč…@nç‰ìÀÀnç@dÀÀčäčÐÜđß…@a‰†ÀÀfl@ @ @dŽÇŁìjđß@áđÇ@òmbčäčÜ×@Ý×@dčàčÜ‘@@@ ó Ü í @ h Ûč @~@@ŠđÇđò‘đ…@a‰č†i@dčîčãčñ@ž†ĆÇ@dčÓ†fl… @@@@@@@ ó À íĆ Š Ó …đ @ d À îč äč n ß ñ @ æ þì È à À ‘fl @ ‰ ò@đ À ič @O@@@@@ ó Ü í @ ð ó í Š m †  …đ @ d × ˆ mč Š İ Ïč @ NdĆãĆˆya @@d À ’č rč y ë @@@dĆãĆˆÀya@aĆ‡†Àfl@O@@ò À m b Ôč n y ‡đ @@@dÀčäí@dčîčİ@~B@dčÔčÛŁì@åčäđyþìíB@@ ó Ü í @dÀÀčnÛa@ZdÀÀč…ô@óÀÀÛ@ðóîđànÀÀ‘‰đ…@oÀÀãča@dŽíč†ÀÀÜđ×@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@dŽäčàÀÀfl‘@Òča@dÀÀčäí @@@@d À nč Û a @ ´ À çĆ ë ač @~@@@@@d îč Èč n À ‘ ñ @ d À nč Û a @ å äč yđ þì À í @~@@@d À îč äč n ß ñ @ d nč Û a @ æ þì È à ‘fl @~dčîčÈnr‘ @@dÀč−fl…@~@@@d íč  À  Ç ‰ ñ @ d nč Û a @ t óž îđ Ç þì ’ m @~@@dčíÇđ†y@dčnÛa@dč−fl…@~dčíÇ @ÑÀÀÀflìčí@~æþìÈàÀÀÀfl‘@~@dčíÀÀÀÇđò‘@æþìÈàÀÀÀfl‘@dÀÀÀčnÛa@~dčîÀÀÀč’n»@æþìÈàÀÀÀfl‘ @~dčíÀÀÈđ‘ñ@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@âôŠÀÀqđa@~dčíÀÀÈäđßñ@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@dÀÀčãþìã@~òÀÀđyŁìß @@@@@@@ d rč m ò À í … @ ë e @ † À yđ ë @ å m Š  Çfl … @ æ þì @Èàfl‘@´Ćàčîäfli@~@@åmŠflÇ…@æþìÈàfl‘@ÝîĆiŁë‰ @†ÀÀmëč…@nç‰ìÀÀnç@dÀÀčäčÐÜđß@N1903@čÅžä@ÀĆ’i@dÀÀčîč×ŠčmŠİčÏ@dčîÀÀ‰Łì×@ÝÀÀđÇ@c ë@ óž À í @´ à@@Ć îč À ä ifl @ ð Š @À ßč @@@ ó Ü r m ò À í @… @ @@d À äč q Œ i @ @@@@c ñč † m ó Ç @ Åč n È ‘ ñđ @ c ë óž í @ e Łì r m ò × @ Ù Ü ßč @NdčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@dčîčznÜ‘@dčî‰Łì×@ÝđÇ@æþìÈàfl‘ @@ÝÀđÇ@čÅÀÀčÔşnčÏB@óÀÀĆičò×@1931@@ Åč ÀÀ ä@ž ’Ć i @ ó Ü ÀÀmŠÏ@~@† m ë …č @ d ÀÀ ä@č íč ‰ ñ @ ó ãĆ þë Š i @ @a‰†ÀÀÀfl@ôĆìÀÀÀčç@óÀÀÀÜí@óÜÀÀÀ’nryë@86dÀÀÀčí‰þëñča@dčäÀÀÀč’Üi@BdÀÀÀĆíč‡þëñča…@čÅnÈÀÀÀ‘đñ @a‰†ÀÀfl@O@dĆäčđ‡òÀÀflß@dĆäÀÀč‘‡ŁìÏ@óÀÀÛ@òÀÀma…@dčzĞã†ÀÀđß…@cčñž†ÀÀĆÇ…@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ… @@dčßþìîÀč@~@čÅÀÜflÇ@@ c ô čü@N@@@@@@@@@@d ãĆ ˆĆ À y a @ d À ÇŽ Łì j ßđ … @ a ‰ † À fl @ á À Çđ @ ó À Ü í @ 87@d À Ôč ič … ë @óĆjči… @~@@@@@d À îč äč n ß ñ @ æ þì È à À ‘fl @ ‰ òđ À ič @O@~H1I@@dčäčîäflß@@a‰†fli@óÜ’nry@~dčíúŁìi@@côča… @@hčÛë@@@@@Ù Ü ßč @  n ç ‰ ì n ç @ † m ë …č … @ a ‰ † fl i @ æ@@@@þ ë µž @ c ñ a … @ ƒ í ađ @ d × ˆ mč Š İ Ïč … @ d äŽ àč ‘fl Nnç‰ìnç@dč’čàđ‘@óĆjči…@a‰†fl@ƒíđa @ ´Ćàčîäfli@òîĆi…@†mëč…@dč’čàđ‘…@a‰†fl@ ➆ @NdÀÀčíõúŁìi@@@@@côča…@dčßþìîÀÀč…@dÀÀčjči@óÀÀÜm@´ĆàčîÀÀäfli@òÀÀîĆi…@†ÀÀm ëč…@dÀÀč’čàđ‘@ @ čÅÈđjİđ½@1956@čÅäĆ’i@óÜañŁì’ß@NdčíŠÐfl@dčí‰þëñča@dčäč’Üi@cëžóí@88dčİnÜß

Prof. George David Malech, History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical @ 85 @ Church of the East. Minneapolis, Minn.1910 86 @ N1931@~þìèčØĆ‘@~âôŠqđa@áíĆŠÏđa…@čÅÈđjİđß@~BdĆíč‡þëñča…@čÅnÈ‘đñ@ÝđÇ@čÅčÔşnčÏB@ BòîĆiB@cčñŁëñča…@dčîč‘ŁìÔi@dč·ñ‰@ 87~@@@ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ، conforms with aŠmóß@ 88~@@آﺎﺗﺐ ﺑﺎرع، skillful writer 17@ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ

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@ @79cñŁëñˆđÏ…@dčãþìqčò×đ…@a‰†fl@➂ @cčñž†ÀÀĆÇ…@cñóÀÀčqđa@åmòÀÀčÛñđ…@aĆˆÀÀßbĆß@O@ÅčÔnÀÀčÏ@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀč’čry@dčàčîÀÀ@côča David @@ Ø ä À ufl @ † m ë …č @dčîčØnÜèãđa@a‰†đ’ß@NdĆãĆˆya@dĆ’mˆÏ@dŽiþëòč×ë@dčzĞã†đß… @@ó À è íôI@ Å@@@@@č î À Üč Ó @ ò À î iĆ … @ Ñ fl ì íč @ d ’č n ’ Óđ @ë @ 80@@ðóîđ’čãŁìØi@cëžóí@dč×‰Łì’ß@Jenks Ncëžóí@ðóîđîŁë†ß@Hdč’čàđ‘ @@@@@@ ó À Û @  × Łì À İ ß @ Åč î À Üč Ó @@@ ò À î iĆ @@@@@@@@… @ Ñ À fl ì íč @ d À ’č n ’ Óđ … @  ì À í @ d À Ðč čÜí@@ ô …Ć ñč Łì Ç @O@ @óÀÀÛ@@dÀÀĆäÓ@ðóÀÀîđäflß…@dÀÀŽÇŁìjđ½@óÀÀÜí@cõŒÀÀčß‰đ…@dÀÀčß@òÀÀîđÛ hÀÀčÛa@~a‰†ÀÀfl@côčü ađy@ 74~@@@ﺧﺒﺮ، news @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@J.F. Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East, (twenty-third member @@ 75 @ of his family) Footnote 5 óÜØfl‘@ 76~@@ﺻﻮرﺗﻪ، his photograph hÜØfl‘…@dčäč‘Šđç@ 77~@@اﻟﻤﺼﻮّر، photographer @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ æ ìfl À í @ ð ó î Üđ n Ô À ‘ @ ó À Ćäflß@‰đòči…@dčÓþìčÏ@ìčç…@oãča@Òčaë@dčÓþìčÏ@côča@ìčç…@cñìäčÇ…ìčß@ 78 @ ZoÜ×þì×@dčäčÐÜđß…@dčíõúŁìi@O@ J.F. Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, Leuven, 1999, pp. 66 @ 79 @ N1898@~oß‰Łëa@~p‰þìi‰đòäđ×…@dčÏþìÔÏđb×‰đa…@dŽznÜ‘đ…@čÅÈđjİđß@ Coakley@ZoÜ×þì×@dčäčÐÜđß@†đîi@dčíúŁìi@côča…@dčßþìîčÛ@čÅrmóí@čÅîčÏþëúŠđÏ@cčñþìäčÇ…ìčß@ 80 @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 14

@ @NdčíčònÛñ@æþìÈàfl‘@ƒíđa@HdĆãĆˆya@aĆ‡†fl@ñŁìÐÛI@dčäčí‰ñ@æþìÈàfl‘ë@@ @Zê @@@@d À ãč þì i ač @ Š À jfl Û ač ë @ @@@Ñ fl ì íč @ d ’č n ’ Óđ … @ a ‰ † fl @ ñ Łì Ð Û I@@@dčîčÈnq‰@cóčÛđbqžóđíë@ Z… @ NdčíÇ@æþìÈàfl‘@ƒíđa@óÛ@Šm†@HÙÜčß@nç‰ìnç@†mëč…ë@ @~BæþìÀÀÈàfl‘B@@ ð ó À@îđîčãŁì×@dÀÀ×ˆčmŠİčÏ@@ å ÀÀíĆ‰ñ@ôĆ‰†flÛ@@@óÛ†flí‹Łìß@dč…ôë@ @68~@@dÀčäîđÇ@đò÷¶@~H21I@@@@† yđ ë @ å m Š  Çfl … @ æ þì È à ‘fl @ ï ’đ m a ë @ NH23I@čÅčÛñë@åmŠflÇ…@æþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@óÛ@cĆëô @côča…@69dč»đòÀÀß@dÀÀčäq‹@@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀĆíŁëŒzđß…@dÀÀčîčŁë‰@@aŠčİÀÀ‘a@†ÀÀđy@òÀÀîđÛ@ @N@ôòÀzđÜÐđß…@@@ d »č òđ À ß @@@ d À äč q ‹ @@@ h À Üč Ï ač ë @H23@@@ æ þì È à ’fl Û @ 21@@ æ þì È à ‘fl @OI@dčÐčÜyŁì‘ @@ ð ó À î Èđ n r  @~@@@@d îŽ ãč ñč †ž À ÇĆ @ d iŽ òč À × …đ @ Åč È đj@À  đ…@@@@a †č À îč Ç @ ó Ü m … @ ƒ í ađ @~@dÓč…Łë‹@ðóîđÜ× @cčñž†ÀÀĆÇ…@čÅÀÀí‰þëñča@čÅÈđjÀÀİđß…@dčãŠiđ†ÀÀß@čÅîÀÀčÜÓ@òÀÀîĆi…@ÑÀÀĆìčí@dÀÀč’n’đÓ@óÀÀÜí BH21I@†đyë@åmŠflÇ…@æþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@ðŠčß…@dččÐđiB@dčzĞã†đß…@čÅÔmòđÇ @cčñ‰ŒÀÀč@ÖÀÀÇ…@a‰ñđa@O@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@ïÀÀđ’ma@ðŠÀÀčß …@70čÅÀÀÔđÐđß@âþìÀÀí@O@ @~1937@@@ Á jđ À ’ đi@13@@@@ Åč j ‘đ @ â þì í @ Þ µ ë @1933@~@l bč i @ 18@@@@ Åč q Łë Š Ç @ â þì î i @  þë Š Ï ì Ó … @dÀÀčîčãŁì×@óÜzÜÏŁìÀÀß@ëe…@@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀĆíŁëŒzđß…@71@@@c ñč ò À À đ ß @ a Š İč À À ‘ a @ † À À yđ @ ò À À î Ûđ @ðŠčß@óÜrmò×@~1937@@ Á jđ ’ đi@13@@dčßþìÔni@NH23I@@@@ Åč Ûč ñ ë @ å m Š  Çfl … @ æ þì È à ‘fl … @æč†ÀÀäđÛ…@čÅžäm†ÀÀàđi@dčîÀÀčÜèãa@dčäÀÀč’Üi@dÀÀčíŠ×@ač…čñŁìÀÀÇ@†ÀÀđy@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@ïÀÀđ’ma @dÀÀčîčîčãŁì×@ôĆ‰†ÀÀfl…B@cčñŠđ×†ÀÀđß@hÀÀčÛ…@72“The Nestorian Churches”@@dčàčîÀÀđÛ @ ZòyđòÜđi…@ƒíđa@73ôĆ†ma@ïčßŠđi@óÜ·òyë@BdčîčãþìÈàfl‘ @ ZæþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma Eshai Shimon @ cóčÛđa…@Łìjîđİqđ… By the Grace of God, @ n×ŠčmŠİčÏ@dčÔnÛþëòčÓ Catholicos Patriarch @ dčzĞã†đß… of the East

eŁëòàđ–Çë@dčäîđÇ…@čÅyđòÐđi@~dčäîđÇ…@cčñòđÏ‰@ 68~@@@@ﻃﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻴﻦ، in the twinkling of an eye@@ @ 69 @ﻣﺤﺪد، defined dčîč×‰Łëñ@dčäč’Û@OI@æŁìç‰Łì…@cčñ†đjÇ@~a‰ñđa@O@čÅİđÜđÐß@ 70@ﺳوﺮﮔﻮنH~@@ﻧﻔﻲ، إﺑﻌﺎد، exile a‰ﬂ‰Łì’ß@ 71~@@ﺳﺠﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ، authenticated document Aubrey R, Vines M.A., B.D., B.Sc., The Nestorian Churches, with foreword by Mar @ 72 @ @ Eshai Shimon, Independent Press Ltd., 1937. óĆäÇ‰…@~óĆÈnÓëčñ@ 73~@@ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻪ، signature 13@ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ

@dÀÀč’nË‰@æa…@ƒÀÀíđa@~ÙÀÀÜčß@nç‰ìÀÀnç@dÀÀčäčÐÜđß…@dÀÀčãþëŠi@†ÀÀmëč…… • @dÀÀÀÀč−fl…@ðŠÀÀčßB@c₣ŒyŁìÀÀß@hÀÀčÛ@~@óÀÀĆjči@cëžóÀÀí@ôĆ†ÀÀnrÇđ…@ač…ìÀÀčÐi@cëžóÀÀí @ 61NBdĆíč‡þëñča…@čÅnÈ‘đñ@ÝđÇ@čÅčÔşnčÏB@óĆàčî@ìčç@BdÀčíčònÛñ @ 62 ZòmačñŁëñča@óÜí@dčqčò×@~óŽíõúŁìi@O@†đy@ìčç@BoÜ×þì×B@dčäčÐÜđß • @ôĆìÀÀčç…@dÀÀčãôĆ‰@dÀÀč’n’đÓ…@@@a‰†ÀÀfli@dÀÀčíŒfly@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀč’nÏ@dčí‹ŁìäÀÀ‘@†ÀÀđyB@ @@ Åč À ’ đj@@@@y …đ @ f À Üč í @ d À ãĆ Łì î j ßđ @NHB@dčíčòÀnÛñBI@@@dÀčãĆŠya@@@dÀč−fl…@†@À yđ @@ ó Ü ’nry @óÀÀÀÛ@@@@ ò À À î Ûđ @ d À À Ìč Ûč Łì Ï @ h À À Ûč … @ëe@~@@@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@a‰†ÀÀfli@dÀÀčÏþëúŠđÏ@côča… @~@Ý À mĆ Š r çđ @{@Ñ À fl ì íč … }@@@@ a ‰ † À fl @ ñ þì Ð Û @N@@@@d yč ‰ Łë a @ c ô bč i @ ó Û @ c ëĆ ô @ ~cčñŁëòma @cčñŁìäÀÀč‘Ć‰…@dÀÀč‰Łì×@ÝÀÀđÇ@óÜrmòÀÀí@dÀÀčäčí‰ñ@dÀÀč−fl…@63~óÀÀÜí@hÀÀčÜnİđi… @æa@@@ d À č … ô ë @NA@dĆyˆÀđí@H10I@@@aŠflÇë@čÅžäĆ‘@H21I@@@ a †č y ë @ å m Š  Çfl @… @ d yč ò ½ @@ † À ifl @~1329@@čÅžä@@À ’Ć i @ @cčñž†ÀĆÇ@@@… @ c ñč Łì ä À ‘č ‰Ć … @ d îč  ‰ @@@Ł ì × @ Ý Çđ @ d rč m ò í @ c ë ô@ž @ c ëĆ ô @64@oàčÛë@þìÜÜfliča@~@@côča@áđÇ@dčäma@N1351/1350@@@@@ Åč äž ’Ć i @ a †č n ä Ç @ c ë ôž @ c ëĆ ô @dÀÀÀč×ŠmŠİčÏ…@cčñŁëòÀÀÀma@65@òmačòmòÀÀđ@dÀÀÀčäí@aĆ‰ŁëŠÀÀÀđ’ß@@ðóíđ…ŁìÀÀzÜđi

@ BNcëžóí@dč’mŠÏ ‘dč−fl…’@†đy@ðóíđòrđ’zđi@côčaë@~1364@òčä’đi@‘dč−fl…’ @čÅÐđÜzđ’ß@@ ó Ü m @66@@@d îč äč íč Š yfl @ d ‘č ‰ Łë … … @ Åč Ü Çfl @ @óÜí@dčmëôđ…@@@@ d ãč ŠĆ y a @ c õŒ Ó Łì ã @ † yđ @ @@@d À ÇŽ Łì j ßđ @ ð @@@@@@@ó À î Üđ × @ ì À çč @ ó À Ü m … @ ƒ í ađ @ ~@@†đyë@åmŠflÇ…@æþìÈàfl‘@@ ï ’đ m a @@dčîčãŁì×… @@@@@@@@ ì À çč @ … þì À z Ü iđ @ ó À Ü m … @ ƒ À í ađ @~ Å@@@@č À Ûč ñ ë @ å m Š À  Çfl … @ æ þì È à ‘fl @@ ï ’đ m @ü @ ~dčí‹Łìä‘@hčÛ… @Zač†móÇ@dč’n’đÓ…@čÅÜflÈi@fčÛ@cĆëô@côča@NdčãôĆ‰@Õčzm@dč’n’đÓ…@a‰†fl @ Ndčîčß†đÓ@æþìÈàfl‘@ƒíđa@dčÏb×@æþìÈàfl’Û@óÜäflj‘Łìy@@Za 67 @ @ ~dčäčí‰ñ@æþìÈàfl‘@ƒíđa@H341@À@328I@dŽÈčiú@Šđi@æþìÈàfl‘ë@@ Zl

61 @ N1931@~þìèčØĆ‘@~âôŠqđa@áíĆŠÏđa…@čÅÈđjİđß@~dĆíč‡þëñča…@čÅnÈ‘đñ@ÝđÇ@čÅčÔşnčÏ@ J.F. Coakley, The Patriarchal List of the Church of the East. Orientalia Lovaniensia @ 62 @ Analecta, Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, Leuven, 1999, pp.77 63 @…dčàn@hčÛ~@@ﺑﺎﻃﻞ، ﻋﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ، oÀÜ×þì×…@dčÇŁìjđß…@31dčäčîäflß@a‰ôŁìã@pŒyI@worthless@@ @ H78@čÅčÏ@~ÝflÈÜđi@aŠ×…Łìß@ J.B. Ableloos and T.J. Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi Chronicon ecclesiasticum, @ 64 @ Vol. 3 Paris and Louvain 1877, esp. col. 3-62, 566-575. òmbčíŁìÓ@ 65~@@ﺑﻘﻮة، firmly dčîčÜqŁìÔÛđ…@ 66~@ﻣﻀﺎد، ﻣﻌﺎآﺲ، contradictory @ Ndčîčß†đÓ@æþìÈàfl‘@ƒíđa@óÜí@ôĆŠm†@Ñflìčí@dč’n’đÓ@ 67 @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 12

@58Ndčäčî’flã@†đy @@@@@@@ d À nč Û a @ ƒ À í ađ @ ò À m a …č ì Ïč @ d @@@À îč Èč n q ‰ @ d À nč Û ü @@@ ó Ü à n À ‘ ‰ @@ d @@ÀčãôĆ‰@Õčzm@@dč’n’đÓ@ @dÀÀÀčnÛa@ƒÀÀÀíđa@áÀÀÀÜđy@þìÀÀÀğiđü@cëžóÀÀí@aŠm†ÀÀ@óÀ@ÀÀĆäflß@âč†ÀÀÓ@Oë@dÀÀÀÀčíčònÛñ @Ncëžóí@dčîčäčÈrđ@dÀÀčäčî’flã@†ÀÀđy@côča@dÀÀčßþìîč…@čÅÀÀrđ’zđi@NdÀčíčònÛñ @ëe@… @ @o À Ô n Ë þì Û ë@@@ h À Üč î ×đ @@@@ á À Çđ @ ó Ü à n Ü @@@À ‘ @ h À Ûč @@… @  ì í @ ó@@ĆíõŒy@cčñĆŠya@čÅ×Łë†i@ @ôĆ‰†ÀÀfli@@@ ó Ü À ’ n r y @ h À Ûč a @~ðóî z@đ Ü Ï Łì À ß ë@59cëžó@À í @ðóî@À đ × Łì İ ß @@ò À m b Ïč þë ú Š Ïđ @1135@Z@@aŠčjžäđç@Šđi@[203@–191@Z@d zč n ’ ß † r Çđ @ [ _@M@33@Z@ï ½đ Łë ñ @ Š iđ @Z@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@čÅčÛñ @ NdčãĆŠya@a‰†fl@†đy@Òčbi@cčñŁëòma@æþëžµ@òîđÛ…@oãča@~1136@– @–@1359I@@@@@@ c ÿíč òč À n Û ñ @ d À −č …fl @ ð Š @@@@À ½č @ ô ‰Ć † À fl @ ì çč @Õčzm@@dč’n’đÓ@@ ó Ü ’ n ry@@ Ò ač @ @a‰†ÀÀfl@O@ÖþìrÀÀ‘@dÀÀčãĆŠya@@a‰†ÀÀfl@†ÀÀđy@ÒčbÀÀi@aŠm†ÀÀ@@ ó À À Ü í @ h À À Ûč …@ëe@H1368 @óÀÀÀÛ@dİÀÀÀ@dÀÀÀčhđÛ@Òčaë@.H➅dÀÀÀčÇŁìjđßI@ÙÀÀÀÜčß@†ÀÀÀmëč…@nç‰ìÀÀÀnç@dÀÀÀčäčÐÜđß… @@@@ Åč À i ‰ @ Åč äč À ß …đ @@@@@ d À äč îč Ç Šfl Û @ á Ü À ‘č … @N…Nô@~@@cëžóÀí@óĆ×Łìİßđ…@hčÜîđ×@O@@ ò m b Ôč n y ‰ @@dÀč×ŠčmŠİčÏë@~@a ‰ Łì À ç @@@@@@@@ d À äč İč Û Łì y @ † À yđ @ ó Û @ a ŠĆ i Łì ß @ d äč İč Û Łì y @@ c ô ač @NdŽãčòĞÈ‘đòßđ… @âbÀÀčÔi@H@@dÀÀĆíč‡þëñča…@dčzĞã†ÀÀđß…@cčñž†ÀÀĆÇI@@@dčzĞã†ÀÀđß…@cčñ†ÀÀĆÇ…@dĆÇˆÀÀÏ@O@†ÀÀđy… @ @@NBdčíčònÛñB@ÑčÜy@BdčîčÈnq‰B@dč−fl…@dčíŠÓ@óÜ’nÏ @@@@ d À ’č n ’ Óđ … @ d À ãč þë Š i I@@@@@ Åč î Üč Ó @ ò î iĆ … @ á í ŠĆ Ï ađ @ d zč äč ß …@@@đ @ a ‰Ć Łì  † ½đ @ f Üč í @ Åč z n ’ y @ @ač†nàčîÀÀÀđ…@čÅÀÀÀ’ñ@ìÀÀÀčç@cëžóÀÀÀí@dč×‰ŁìÀÀÀ’ßđ…@ëe@HčÅîÀÀÀčÜÓ@òÀÀÀîĆi…@ÑÀÀÀflìčí @@ ì À çč @~@@@ô ñ ì À ßč @ â †č À Ó @O@@@@@ ó À Û @ a …Ć ë Łì À ß @~@† À ä Ü@@č è ã a … @ a ‰ ñ bđ i @ ač†móÇ@@ d ×č Š mč Š İ čÏ… @òÀÀmbčÏþëúŠđÏ@ëe@Òča…@~dÀÀčíõúŁìi@@@côča…@dčßþìîÀÀč@áÀÀđÇ@dÀÀčîčÏþëúŠđÏ@dÀÀčäčîäflÇ@†ÀÀđy @dÀÀč−fl…B@@dÀÀčîčãŁì×…@čÅîÀÀčjèàđi@~@dĆãĆˆÀÀya@áÀÀđÇ@H@cóÀÀčäçđ…@aŠÀÀčßI@@cëžóÀÀí@dÀÀčrčîđy @@@@@@ d À äč İč Û Łì y @ Ý À Çđ @ d À îč ä ifl @@@@ c ë óž À í @ d @À ’č n Ï @B@d À İč Ü yfl B@@ c ô ač @~@@ôòÀîčãđñ@ƒíđa@NBdčîčÈnq‰ NdčîčÜèãa@dčäč’ÜÛ@čÅnäčçŠđß…@dčqčò×đ…@dčàčç‰Łëñ@ìčç@dčãôĆ‰@Õčzm@dč’n’đÓ… @ÙÀÀÜčß@†ÀÀ@@m ë …č @  n ç ‰ ì n ç @ dÀÀčäÀÀ Ð@č Ü ßđ @ ~dÀÀ ã@č ô ‰Ć @ Õčzm@@ d ÀÀ@č’n’đÓ@âč†Ó@Oë@ @@dčíčònÛñ@dč−fl…@@ † yđ @@@@ ô ‰Ć † fl i @ ó Ü ’ n r y ë @ d y@@@@č ‰ Łë a @ c ô bč i @ ó Û @ å jfl ‘ Łì y @ ~ôĆ…ŁìzÜđi 60 @ ZŠ×†đß…@fčÜí@čÅîčÔäđãča@Ýđi@hčÛ@~fčÜí@čÅzn’y@dčhđÛë@ NH1368@M1359I

58 @ﺳﻬﻮ، overlook 59 @اﺳﺘﻨﺒﻄﻬﺎ، invented Prof. George David Malech, History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical @@@ 60 @ Church of the East. Minneapolis, Minn.1910, 310. 11@ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ

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cčñŁë‰þìi@~čÅîčßŠđÏ@hčÛ@ 53~@@@ﺟﻬﻞ، ignorance cčñìčß…@ 54~@@وﻓﺎة، death aŠrđÓ@ÝđÇ@čÅqòíŁìß@dč’îčÏ…@dčÏb×@ 55~@@@اﻟﺸﺎهﺪة، tombstone@ @ 56 @côčbÀÀi@➀➀@dÀÀčäčîäﬂßI Heleen H. L. Murre-Van Den Berg@@čÅäÀÀčÐÜđß…@dÀÀčÇŁìjđß@pŒÀÀy@ @ NHdčíõúŁìi@ 57 @ N70@čÅčÏ@~@čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ…@dč’čãŁì×@~čÅnäčçŠđß…@dčqčò×@pŒy@ @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 10

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@@@@@@@ d ÈĆ m † À í @ d À ’Ć n Ï @ ë ë óž í @ h Ûč @ ~Šmòđíë@@@aĆ‰č…@åíĆ‰òđÛ@~cčñž†ĆÇ@@…@cčñŁìäč‘Ć‰…@dčî‰Łì× @d@À Èč @@n Ü Ï @ ó Ü À ’ n Ï @H@dŽäfl‘@203I@@ d yč ò ßfl @@ c ô ač @@@ d č … ô ë @ Nðóîđäflß@dč’àđy…@O@Öþìr‘ @ÝÀÀđÇ@36òÀÀmbčÈnqñ@@@@æþëžóÜrmòÀÀí…@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ@dÀÀčÈi‰đa@òÀÀčäîđi@ 35òmbčíìÀÀđ‘ @dčîÀÀč’n»@ëeë@~dŽäÀÀfl‘@H40I@³ÀÀÈi‰đa…@dčy@@òÀÀ½@†ÀÀđzÜ×@dčîčznÜÀÀ‘@dčîÀÀ‰Łì× NdŽäfl‘@H43I@čÅčÛñë@³Èi‰đa…@dčyò½ @ @@@@@æþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@ðŠčß…@a‰†fl@➁ @c₣û@@@@À y Łë û ß @ d À ãč ač @ Ò ač ~@čÅîÀčÜÓ@@@@@@@ò À î iĆ … @ Ñ À fl ì íč @ d ’č n ’ Óđ @ d zč äč ß @ ôĆŠ×Łìß…@@ ƒ í ađ @ @@@aĆŠÀÓë@d@Ć’mˆÏ@dŽäč’Üi@@ a ‡Ć † fl ë @@@ a ˆĆ İč ‘ a ë @ d @ŽÇŁìjđß…@dĆíčˆflÇ@@@čÅi‰@cčñĞëbÜ@i @ o Û @cčñŠÀÀđ¡đ…@Þµ@~dØmˆÀÀđí@dŽäÀÀfl‘@čÅÀÀčÛñđ…@dčyòÀÀfl¶@dŽičòÀÀ×đ…@cñëòÀÀčÏ…@dÀÀÐÛđa@oÀÀÛ @NdÀÀÀÀčíõúŁìi@@côča@áÀÀÀÀđÇ@æflìÀÀÀÀí@ðóîÀÀÀÀđ’nryđ…@aĆ‡†ÀÀÀÀfl@åíĆ‰òÀÀÀÀđÛ@oÜÀÀÀÀ×Łìİß @@@@@@ ï À ’đ m a @ ð Š À ßč … @ a ‰ † À fl … @38@d À îč Ü çđ @@ a ‰ Š ‘ @@ o ä îč Ç Šfl i @37óÜ‚n‰@ðóíđòđØđİàđi @@dčäÀÀč’ÜÛ@cëžóÀÀí@40ôĆŠfljÇŁìÀÀß…@39 Å@@@č n ä çč Š À À ßđ … @ d qč òč À À × @ ì À À çč @ d À À ’č n r y @æþìÈàÀÀfl‘ @41@@d À äŽ İč Û Łì y @ @@@c ë óž À í @ d À îč Ü ßfl @~@@@@Ñ À fl ì íč @ d ’č n ’ Óđ … @ Åč n ä çč Š ßđ … @ d qč òč × @O@@ d îč č Ü è ã a @ @NdĆãĆˆya@dŽäčİÛŁìy@43òma‰þìi@dĆîäfli@æþëžóÜ’nÏ@ðóîđÜđÇ…@42dŽäčÔqđò’flß@hčÛ @ÅčîÀÀčÜm…@~a‰ŠÀÀ’đi@čÅíč…ìÀÀčßë@44čÅnÀÀ@cčñŠđÐÀÀ’đß@O@čÅÀÀÔđy‰@@~pòrÀÀđ’zđi@ @@@æflìÀí@dčíûflÇ@~@čÅĞà‚fly@côčb@i @ d äč ¹@Ł ë ó ß @ † ×đ @~@d č … ô ë @ N@d äč í @ cñčˆn@Ð ‘đ @ ÅčíčˆčiŁë… @ dčãôĆ‰@Õčzm@dč’n’đÓ@hčÜÏčaë@æþìÈàfl‘@ðŠčß@hčÛ…@45~dÏđbi@sđđß@hčÛ…@æĆŠßča…

cčñŁëŠčiŠčji 35، ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي equally dčãĆŠya@ëe@‰đòči@†đy@ 36~@@ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﻟﻲ، consequently òmačòmòđ@óÛ@cĆìÓ@ 37~@@رﺳﺨﺖ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ، the truth was established aŠčØ‘đa@ 38~@@واﺿﺢ، ﻻ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ، clear The Book of Marganitha (The Pearl) on the Truth of Christianity, Mar Themotheus 39 @ Memorial Printing and Publishing House Ltd., Ernakulam, Kerala, India, 1965. óÔ‘ŁìÐß@ 40~@@ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ، translated ﬂiŠﬂyë@Łìİrđy@ 41“~@@@@ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻒ، distortion @ hÛŁìzđÐàđÛ@dčíñča@hčÛ…@ 42~@@@ﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﻔﺮ ، unforgivable @ cčòÇđ†m@hčÛ…@ 43~@@ﻋﻦ ﺟﻬﻞ وﻋﺪم دراﻳﺔ، lack of knowledge 44 @اﻟﺘﻤﻠﻖ ، flattery, adulation čÅčÏ…@čÅÜčÔ‘@ 45~@@@رﻳﺎء، hypocrisy @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 8

@@ ‰ òđ À ič @O@@@d×ˆÀčmŠİčÏ@@@@@ Š À đ È iđ ‰ ađ … @ d äŽ àč À ‘fl @@@ó À Ü í @ d @À ’č čry@@@čÅnäčçŠđß…@dčqčò× • dčîčÈnq‰@cóčÛđbqžóđí@ZdÀčîčãčñž†ĆÇ@dčÓ†fl@‰đòči@O@N…NôI@dÀčîčÈnr‘@æþìÈàfl‘ NcñŁëñˆđÏ…@dčãþìqčò×@ìčç@cëžô@òîđÛ…@oãča@H21@æþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@Þµ @@@@ d À ’č n ’ Óđ @ d À zč äč ß @~@cčòÀnäčçŠđß…@@@@@@@@ d qč òč À × @ ì À çč @ Ò ač ë @ c ñ Łë ñ ˆ À Ïđ … @dčãþìqčò×@ìčç @óÜÜ@@nÔÀÀ‘@ðóÀÀîđäflß…@dÀÀŽÇŁìjđß@aĆ‰Łì†ÀÀđß@@ó À À Ü í @ h À À Ûč @@@čÅîÀÀčÜÓ@òÀÀîĆi…@ÑÀÀflìčí @@ d qč òč À × …@đ @ 134@@@@ Åč À Ïč … @ 27@@aŠčÔmbÀi@hčÛa@NôĆ‡@@@† fl i @ ó Ü í @ ð ó î ’đ n r y …đ @ c ñ ì ä Çč … ì ½č @hÀÀčÜàđÈi@~@@dŽîčãčònÈÀÀ‘đñ@dŽičòÀÀ×@ñŁëŠmûÀÀi@O…@óÀÀÜí@aĆ‰Łì†ÀÀđß@čÅnäčçŠÀÀđß… @@@@@ ó À Û @ c ò À í Łì ß ë @ 30@@@@ò m b Ôč n À  Ïč @ a ‰ † fl Û @ ó Û @ Š àfl ç Łì ß @~ Å@č i ‰ @ 29@cčñĞëbÜqë@28dčÔđÇ @@čÅžäm†Ààđi@{@@čÅíč†ÀÜđ×@@cčñž†ÀĆÇ…}@Í@@@@@À m a õú @ å àđ î Ü  @ d ’č n ’ Óđ … @ ó ãĆ ‰ … Łì È i @ c ñč Łë ò m ü @NÞŞúìčß… @@dč’n’đÓ…@a‰†fli@@@@ … þì z Ü iđ @ h Ûč @ ~čÅnäč×‰đ…ò ß@fl @ h Ûč ë@@@čÅäčØ’fly@c@čñŁìîčäđØíđa@ač†y @H2I@@a‰†Àfl@@i @ d À ’Ć n r y @@@@@@@ d À ÇŽ Łì j ßđ @ ð ó À î Üđ Ø i @ h À Ûč a @~ Å@@@č n ä çč Š ßđ … @ d qč òč × @ ì çč @ Ñ fl ì íč @@a‰č……@dčí‰Łì‘@O…@@@  ì í @ d íč õŒ y @~@dĆãĆˆyaë@@@dčãþìiča@ŠfljÛča…@dčÇ@Łìjđß@ðóîđàđÇë @@ À À @1700@O@Z@d äŽ À ‘fl @203@@ d yč ò À ¶fl I@@@@ å m Š À  Çfl … @ a ‰ č ……@dčí‰Łì‘@Þµë@dčíÈđäčßñ @dÀÀčÈi‰đa@dčzĞã†ÀÀđß…@cčñž†ÀÀĆÇ@@@… @ c ñč Łì ä À À ‘č Ć ‰…@dčîÀÀ‰Łì×@ÝÀÀđÇ@æþëžóÜrmòÀÀí@H1903 @~dčíÀÀÀÇđò‘@~dčíđÀÀÀÈđ’àđy@Z@dčíÀÀÀÈđi‰đa@æþìÈàÀÀÀfl‘I@31~d×ˆÀÀÀčmŠİčÏ @32~@@@‰ õú Łì À i @ Ñ À č Łë ñ @@@@@@@ h À Ûč … @ d äŽ À ‘fl @ ³ È i ‰ ađ … @ d yč ò ½ @@ ð ó î äđ ßfl @@ † zđ Ü × @HdčíÈđj‘ @dčyòÀÀ½@HdčíÀÀÈđäčßñ@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘I@dčîÀÀč’n»@dÀÀč×ŠčmŠİčÏ@ðóÀÀîđäflß@‰đòÀÀčië @Òča@@@hÀčÛa@~@@@@@d À íč þë û ič … @ d Çč † À ½đ @ … þì z Ü iđ @ h Ûč @@@ f Üč í @ d Ôč  Çđ @33N@@dŽäfl‘@čÅčÛñë@³Èi‰đa… @@čÅäčíëôòflß@34NB@čÅîčäčÜ×@cčñŁìàÜđ‘B@@@ d č … µ @ Ý j@fl Ôđ ß …đ @ @@dčíč†čîÇ@dč’čãŠđi…@dčÇ†đ½ @ÝđÇ@ðóíđòqđòm…@dčäq‹ë@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@ðóîđÜ×…@dŽäčàfl‘ë@cõûm‰ñ@@ d äč îč ä ßfl … @@ f Üč í

čÅčÏ…@HčÅ‘aI@čÅÐfl@ 27~@@هﺎﻣﺶ، footnote æþëòč•@dčäč§ŁìÐi@ 28~@@ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻌﺐ، hard work 29 @آـﺪّ، laborious work @ òmbčíŠ×@ 30 @ dčíÈđj‘ë@dčíÇđò‘ë@dčíÈđ’àđyë@dčíÈđi‰đa@æþìÈàfl‘@ 31 a‰þëûči@hčÛë@ač…ëõ‹@hčÛ@ 32~@@ﻣﻦ دون زﻳﺎدة ا و ﻧﻘﺼﺎن، not more nor less, exactly @ NdčíÈđäčßñ@æþìÈàfl‘@ 33 cčñŁìÔnğiđ… 34~@ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﺎﻣﻞ، conformity, congruence 7@ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ

@@@@@d À Çč Łì j ßđ @ † À yđ @ Ý Çđ @dčî z@@@č n Ü ‘ @ d îč  ‰ Łì × @ Ý Çđ @ æ þë óž Ü r m ò í … @@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@dŽäčàfl‘… @@@@ ì À í @ e Łì À í õŒ y @cčñŁìàÜđ‘@@@côča@N@òmbčäčÜ×@Ý×@@ a …Ž †č z Ûđ @@ d î@@@Ž îč ß …č @ d ÇŽ Łì j ßđ @ Ý Çđ @ ë ač @@ ð ó í òđ À q đòm…@@@ d äč q ‹ @ ñ Łì Ð Û @@ d z@č ãĞ † ßđ … @ c ñč †ž ÇĆ … @@d×ˆčmŠİčÏI@2@@dčäčîäflß@a‰†fl@@ ì çč @@dÀĆãŁìîjđß@ô ì@Ć À çč …@@d À íč õú Łì i @@@@@@ c ô ač @ á À Çđ @  ì À í @ ó ’Ć n r y …đ @H@@dčîčznÜ‘@dčî‰Łì×@ÝđÇ @@@@@@ Š À iđ @ d îč ßč † À Óđ @ æ þì È à À ‘fl @O@@@@ d × ˆ À mč Š İ Ïč … @ Åč q ò@đ À m … @@@@ d ßŽ þì Ô n À  … @ cčñŁì@à Ü À ‘đ @fčÜí @O@NH96@Þµ@14@@dÀÀčäčîäflß@dÀÀč×ŠčmŠİčÏ@OI@@dčíčòmòÀÀ‘@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@Þµë@dÀÀŽÈčiú @@åíĆ‰òÀđÛ@@@ f À Üč Ì n Ü Ï ë@@ d zč ãĞ † @À ßđ … @@cčñž†ÀĆÇ@@@@ ì À çč @ 24dčÓ†fl@@óÜÜnÐã@~@d äč q ‹ @ c ôča@@ ‰ òđ ič @hÀÀčÛ@òÀÀmbčîÜđç@@čÅmŒÀÀy@fÀÀčÜí@dÀÀč’čîÏ@dÀÀčßčñë@NčÅčÛòÀÀđÛ@dĆãĆˆÀÀya@dÀÀŽäqŒië@~dĆÇˆÀÀÏ @ NdĆãĆˆya@aĆ‡†flë@æþìÈàfl‘@ïđ’ma@ðŠčß…@a‰†fl@òčäîđi@cčñŁìàÜđ‘ @dÀÀĆ’mˆÏ@dÀÀŽÇŁìjđß…@aĆ‡†ÀÀfl@ÝÀÀđÇ@aĆ‡ôŁìÀÀã@|đióÀÀčí@†ÀÀfli@dÀÀčíõúŁìi@côča@ìÀÀčç @@@ d zč ãĞ † À ßđ … @ @cčñž†ÀĆÇ@@@@… @ c ñč Łì ä À ‘č ‰Ć … @ Åč n È À ‘ òđ Û @@@@@@@ d À äč íč Š Óč … @ d Çč † À ßđ … @ Åč ä iđ Š Óđ … @ d ’č n ä i @ @NaĆ‡†fl@dĆãđa@òčäîđi@òma…@dĆäč‘‡ŁìÏ…@čÅÜflÇë @čÅîčÜÓ@òîĆi…@Ñflìčí@dč’n’đÓ…@a‰†fl@ ➀ @@@ìÀčç@@ó Ü À  m Š Ï ë@@@@@@@@ @ Åč î À Üč Ó @ ò À î iĆ … @ Ñ À fl ì íč @ d À ’č n ’ Óđ @@@@ ó Ü À  × Łì İ ß @@@a‰†fl@côča@ @dčãþìqčòÀÀ×B@@ìÀÀčç@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@čÅÇđ†ÀÀnÛ@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀčîčîßč…ë@25@čÅnäčçŠÀÀđß…@dčqčòÀÀ× @@ač†ÀÀmóÇ@dÀÀč’n’đÓ@@óÀÀĆ×Łìİß@cëžóÀÀm…@H➂@@dčíčòÀÀnÛñ@dÀÀčÇŁìjđßI@BcñŁëñˆÀÀđÏ… @dÀÀĆãđa@òÀÀčäîđi@òÀÀma…@dĆäÀÀč‘‡ŁìÏ@NoÀÀß‰Łëa…@čÅžäm†ÀÀß@ìÀÀčç@1898@čÅžäÀÀĆ’i@óÀÀĆmŠÏë @ @Ndčäí@26a‰ûfli@dŽÇŁìjđß@åíĆ‰ñ @@@@ Åč n ä çč Š À ßđ … @ d qč òč × @ ì çč @@@a‰†fl…@dč‘ĆŠi@dčàn‘‰@@@ ó Ü í @ d ’č n Ï @@ d Ïč @b×@æþìÈàfl‘@ • @@@@@@@@ó À Û @ Š jfl Ç Łì À ß @ Ñ À fl ì íč @ d À ’č n ’ Óđ @N@@cñŁëñˆÀđÏ…@dčãþìqčò×@@ ì çč @@@@ c ë ôž @ ò î Ûđ … @ ë e @@þëŠÀÀİčÏ…@čÅîčß†ÀÀđÓ@cčñŠÀÀđça…@@dÀÀčÓŁìy@†ÀÀđy@@@ÝÀÀđÇ@hÀÀčÜnñ@†ÀÀđ×@a‰†ÀÀfli fÀÀčÜí@dÀÀčqóniB@ZóÀÀÜí@aŠčßa@ôĆìčç…@Z13@dÀÀčÓŁìy@Z5@æþëbÜčÐÓ@~dÀÀčznÜ‘ BNÝĆjči@ìčç…@čÅniŁìç@cčñž†ĆÇ@æþììčÛa@dčàčÜ‘@ @

dčÐčÜ•@ 24~@@اﻧﺸﻘﺎق، split, schism @@čÅÔmòÀÀđÇ@cčñ†ÀÀĆÇ…@čÅÀÀí‰þëñča@čÅÈđjÀÀİđß@~B@@cČčñŁìäčîİÀÀﬂŠđ…@a‰ŠÀÀ‘@ÝÀÀđÇ…@cČčòÀÀnäčçŠđß…@dčqčòÀÀ×B@ 25 @ @N150@À@146@čÅčÏ@Hdč’čàđ‘@åíĆ†íôI@čÅîčÜÓ…@Ñﬂìčí@dč’n’đÓ…@dč’čãŁì×@~1924@~dč−†đß…@ dčäí@hÜnÜđÓ@ 26~@ﻗﻠﺔ، ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ، few @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ 6

@@@@@@@@ h À Ûč @ d îč zč n Ü À ‘ @ d îč À  ‰ Łì × @ Ý Çđ @ ðóíđòqđòm…@aŠmŠđ‘@@ d äč q ‹ …@@čÅàđyđòßë@dčzĞã†đß… @fÀÀčÜí@hÀÀčÛ…@ŠÀÀßča…@fÀÀčÜí@cčñŠmŠÀÀđ‘@”ŁìÀÀië@~dčİnÀÀ’Ï@11dÀÀčôŠđß@†ÀÀđy@fÀÀčÜí @12@@d À ßŽ þë ô ñ @ ì À çč @cčñŠčrÇ@čÅîčÔäđãča@fčÜí@dčíëô@@ c óŽ çč @N@@òmbčäčÜ×@Ý×@čÅnäčíûđßòflß @@ h À Üč à Çđ @ @d À č … ô @@ á À Çđ @Òča@@hÀčÛa@N@@dčßþìÔnÀ@åčÜÏ@†đy@aĆ‰ŁëŠđ’àđÛ@ Å@č n È ‘ ñđ … @ d Ô n à Çđ @@@@ d íŽ þë û ič … @ á Çđ @ á Ü ‘č @ h Ûč @15@dčíþëûči@†đy…@14dč‚číŁì…@@@@ f Üč í @ Åč ä íč ë ô ò ßfl @ 13~dčäčíýđß @åÀÀÀÀíĆ‰òđÛ@oÜÀÀ×Łìİß@†ÀÀđ×@òÀÀÀmbčîÜđç@oÀÀÛ@dÀÀčíŒfly@cčñŁìÀÀîčäđØíđa@côča@NdĆãĆˆÀÀya @ NdčíõúŁìi@côča@áđÇ@16dŽíčòîđi@aĆ‡†fl @dŽäčàÀÀfl‘@dÀÀčäí@dÀÀč’čryđ…@@aĆ‡†ÀÀfl@dÀÀĆãđa@ÝÀÀđÇ@17čÅîčäčyŁìÀÀi@@cčñŠÀÀčîy@ač†ÀÀzđi @ŒÀÀčy@†ÀÀfli@~dčîčznÜÀÀ‘@dčîÀÀ‰Łì×@ÝÀÀđÇ@ðóíđòÀÀqđòm…@dčßþìÔnÀÀë@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ… @d@ŽäčäîđiòÀflß@19d í@Ž ‹ Łì ä À ‘ @N@aŽ…č†Ày@@ á @À Çđ @@@@ d À äč í @ d à@č Üč À ‘ @18~@@ŠmûÀi@Šmòđí@~ðóîđÜ×… @óÜànÀÀ‘‰đ…@ëe@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@ïÀÀđ’ma@ðŠÀÀčß…@a‰†ÀÀfli@ìÀÀí@ðóÀÀîđíõŒy@dÀÀŽíč…þì§ @dÀÀŽÇŁìjđß…@O@dÀÀĆ’mˆÏ@dŽßþìÔnÀÀi@dŽîčß†ÀÀđÓ@aĆ‡č…@čÅčÛò@ÀÀđi@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@dÀčäqŒÛ @@h À Üč @@@@@Ï bč i @ d À ’Ć n r y @ d À äč í @ h @@@@@À Ûč … @ o À ã ač @ d × ˆ mč Š İ Ïč @ čÅčÛñ@ôĆ‰†fli@@ ó Ü @’ n r y ë @ dĆãĆˆya @a‰č……@dčí‰ŁìÀÀÀÀ‘@Þµ@dÀÀÀÀčîčÈnq‰@a‰č…@O@hÀÀÀÀčÛa@20N@dÀÀÀÀčãĆŠya@dÀÀÀÀčÇŁìjđß@†ÀÀÀÀđy @22ÝÀÀnÜđÓ@ŠmûÀÀi@~ôĆ‰†ÀÀfl@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀĆãŁìiŠđÓ@21HdŽãčòþìÀÀ’fly@aĆ‡č…I@dčíÀÀÇđò‘ @ðóÀÀîđÜ×…@fÀÀÀÀčÜí@čÅÀÀÀÀäčíëôòflß@N@@dĆãĆˆÀÀya@aĆ‡†ÀÀfl@áÀÀđÇ@čÅîÀÀčäčÜ×@23cčñŁìàÜÀÀđ’Û @cčñ‰đ†ÀÀđi@dÀÀčäí@hÀÀÜnñ@~aŽ†ÀÀmóÇ@aĆ‡č……@d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@ÅÀÀÀÀčÇ†đí…@dÀÀÀÀŽäčØđİß

hčÜàđÇ@~dčäč§ŁìÏ@ 11~@@@@ﺳﻌﻲ، effort 12 @اﻏﻮار، depths dčäčzfl–Øđß@ 13~@@@@@ﻣﺘﻌـﺐ، tiring dčİčÜÏ@ 14~@@@@ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ، conclusion, result dčäčmûyûß@ 15~@@@@ﺑﺎﺣﺚ، researcher 16 @ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع، relevant LčÅäčmûyûß@ 17@ @ﺑﻨﻈﺮة ﻓﺎﺣﺼﺔ، examining dč’čîÏ@dč•ž†đy@ 18~@@@@ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ، almost dĆãĆˆybđÛ@dčÈnqñ@óÜí@hčÛ…@dčß@ 19~@@@@ﺷﻮاذ، exceptions @ NaŠčjžäđç@Šđië@dčzn’ß†rđÇë@ïđ½Łëñ@Šđi@ 20 21 @اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ، dark ages dč’čîÏ@dč•†đy@ 22~@@@ﻳﻜﺎد، nearly LáđÇ@čÅîčäčÜ×@čÅÔčq…@ 23@ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ، conformity @ dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ @eìÀÀčç…@~òÀÀmbčäčÜ×@ÝÀÀ×@2čÅnäčÜđñòÀÀflß@1d×ˆÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@cčòÀÀÇđ†m@ač†ÀÀy@òÀÀîđÛ@ @dÀÀčîčÜčiŁìí@ðóí‰†ÀÀfli@dčzĞã†ÀÀđß…@cčñž†ÀÀĆÇ…@dÔnÛþëòÀÀčÓ…@dŽäčàÀÀfl‘@dÀÀčäí@aĆŠm†ÀÀ @dÀÀč…ô@NečñŁìäÀÀč‘Ć‰…@dčîÀÀ‰Łì×@ÝÀÀđÇ@ðóíđòÀÀqđòm…@dč»đòÀÀß@dÀÀčäqŒië@aŠmŠÀÀđ‘ @čÅnÈÀÀ‘đñ…@ðfÀÀi@dčîÀÀč’čãa@3dčÇ†ÀÀ¶@čÅnäčÜjđÓòÀÀflßë@fÀÀčÜí@čÅîÀÀčäčî×@cčñŁìíčòÀÀîđÛ @cčñŁìäčíûđßò ß@@fl @ ò î Ûđ ë @ @@@@@d äč q ‹ … @ d Ô n y ‡đ @ d Ô ß Łì È i @ f Üč í @ d yč òč ß @ @dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ… @N@dÀčäčßìčí@Þµ@aĆİã@ëëžô@o’îčÏ…@~@@@c ë ôž @ ò m a @ æ a @ 4~@h Ü Ì fl ë @ @aĆˆčİ‘a@dč…ô… @@@@@@ d zč ãĞ † À ¶ @ å àđ î À Ü Ó @ ì À çč @~@@ò m b À ’č m Š Ï @ æ òđ ß Ł @@@ë a @ ïş äđ i ë @ ò m b äč Üč × @ @dčîčzn’ß@dčàđÇ @hÀÀčÛ@dÀÀŽãõûÛŁëa@ìÀÀčç@@@@ d äŽ À À ‘fl @ d À À Ð Û ađ @ å À À í ‰Ć ñ …đ @ d yč ò À À ¶fl @ @dÀÀčäí@aĆrÀÀÇ@~dÀÀčîčÇûflß @7@cčñŁìàÀčđyë@@@@c ñč Łì À Ð ä yđ @ † îđ i @ @æđòßŁëa@ÝđÇ@@@ d äč í @ d íĆ ñ a …@6@cñìzđß@5NdŽäčÜÜđßòflß @@Åčîčãčñž†ÀĆÇ@8@còčİmˆÀđ…@@@@@ å nş À Ð Û ađ @ Ñ À Û üč @@@@d À äč í @ d À Ô Û Łì İ ß @~@@dŽjčrÀ‘đ…@čÅîčãčòm…ëčñ @N Å@ îč ‘ ‡đ † ßđ ë @ aĆˆíđ…ë@@cčñ†Ìfl@şðđò i@@č @ ì çč @ @c ë ô @ ò m a … @@cčñŁë…Šđß…@dŽičò×ë@@ÅčÔmòđÇ @d@İmŠÀÀ@ëëžóÀÀí@dÀÀĆ’nÏ…@oÀÀãčaë@~óÀÀÜí@aĆ‰þëûÀÀči@ðóÀÀîđäflß@óÀÀÜí@dÀÀĆ’nÏ…@dÀÀčß @@şðđòÀÀči@ìÀÀčç@dÀÀčäčßìčí@aĆÀÀİã@dÀÀčäí@dÀÀĆ’nÏ@~åđäÀÀq‹@âč†ÀÀÓ@O@aĆ‡č…@dčà×†ÀÀđy @@@čÅžäm†ÀÀàđi@åÀÀčØmñë@ìÀÀčç@10@òÀÀmbč»đòßë@dÀÀčÏþë‰ëa…@cñëč‡ñđa…@9cñìÔmòÀÀđÇ @ @NdĆßþëžô‰… @ cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@čÅÇđ†m…@čÅđØđİß@~aĆ‡č…@åÀmˆflÇ@‰đòči@O@dčäčßìčíë

d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@dŽäčàﬂ‘…@dčyŁìÛ@ëča@ač†čç‰Łì@ 1~@ﻟﻮح أو ﺟﺪول أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﺎرآﺔ، list of patriarchs fčÜđÇ@ač†nä@”bčÏ…@dčíûđß@ 2~@@ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ آﻠﻴﺎ، completely dependable @ dčãëói@ 3~@@@@ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻞ، common sense 4 @وﺛﺎﺋﻖ وﺳﺠﻼت، documents and records dĆíŁìãđòàđÛ@pñča@hčÛ…@ 5~@@@ﻻ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ، indescribable dĆîÏþë…‡@~hÜİÓ@ 6~@@@@@ﻋﻘﺎب، ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ، disasters 7 @اﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ، religious discrimination ač†ma…@Åčrmò×@ 8~@@ﻣﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎت، manuscripts 9 @ﻣﺘﺎﺣﻒ، museums òmbč’mŠÏ@ 10~@@ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ، in particular 5 dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@ 4

@ 2NdŽîčÓìÜđ…@čÅîč‚‘fl‰ča@čÅžäm†ß @@ d îĆ À ’ ãfl @@@hÀčÛµ@ëëžó@À í @@h À Ûč @~@ôñŠÀđça@@@@@@@d À Ïč b × @ æ þì È à À ‘fl @ ó Û @ d rč m ò × …đ @ dčäqŒi@ @@ ñ þì À y ñ @@@@@@@ c ñč Łì Ü è i @ ð ó íş ó qč ađ @ ë ë óž í @ ð ó í Š jfl Ç Łì ß … @ a ˆĆ m Š ßđ @ d äŽ ßč ì č îÛ@@ d íŽ …č Łë ó í @æþìÈàfl‘@@cëžóí@cõŒčß‰@~@ôñŠđça@ìčç@N@ÝĆjči@B@čÅîčß†đÓ@ðóíđòÏþë…‰B…@@ d äč İč Û Łì ‘ @@@@@@d À äč q ‹ @ ë f À i @ f äč İč Û Łì À ‘ @@… @ ð e @ B@@cčñ†Àđy@ðóíđòÏþë…‰B@dĆßþë@ô‰…@čÅžäm†àđÛ@@ d Ïč b × @ N…þëóíđ…@a‰ñđa@ÝđÇ@cëžóí@dč¤òß @O@@@@f À Üč í @ d À íč ñč a@ @ ~@Ý À jĆ ič @@@@@ ƒ À í ađ @ d À ßĆ þë ô ‰ @@@@@ Ý À Çđ @ c ñč Œ À ßč Š @đÛ@åíñ‰đñ…@@ c ñč ‰Š‘đñ@ @@ÝÀĆjčiB 9@À À 5@Z17@@@@@ æ þë b Ü Ðč Ó @ ì çč @ ó Ü í @ a Š ßč a …@dčØíđa@B@åčäđyþìí…@dčäčîÜflç@…@dčqčò×B @@@@dčÈrÀÀđ‘@óÀÀÛ@òÀÀma…@fÀÀčänÈ@óÀÀÜm…@dÀÀčič…ë @NNNNNNÅčîÀÀčã‹…@dÀÀčàflí@~cčñ‰ŁìÀÀç @@dčÈrđ‘@ÝđÇ@@ f Üč í @@ Åč n ä i đ…@~@čÅÈm†í@fčÜí@@ Åč ’ n Ï @@@dĆßþëžô‰…@čÅžäm†ß@NBNNNNNNdĆäč‘Ć‡ @ NhÜÛñ @æþìÈàÀÀ ‘@fl ï ÀÀđ’ma@ðŠÀÀčß@óÀÀÛ@ÑÜyŁìÀÀ’ß@~ôñŁìÀÀ×ŠčmŠİčÏ…@dĆíčˆÀÀ yč a@dŽäÀÀfl’i N2 @dčäčíŠčÓ@NčÅ Û@č ñ ë @ @å m Š  Çfl … @ æ þì È à ’fl Û@@@ † yđ ë @ å m Š  Ç@@fl … @ æ þì È à ‘fl @ ð Š ßč @O@@óĆîčãŁì× @čÅ@À  a ò ‘đ @@@@@@@ a †č À y @ ó Û @ ò î Ûđ @ d Ðč Üč y Łì ‘ @ c ô ča…@~d í@@@č õú Łì i … @ d ‚č č @ ì çč @ òmbčîÜđç@@@ c Œ₣ yč @ † ifl @ NcčñŠmŠđ‘@čÅîčãčònÈ‘đñ @dÀÀč−fl…B@dÀÀčîčãŁì×@óÀÀÛ@ÝnÔÀÀ‘@dÀÀč−fl…@dÀÀčîäčäđy@ðŠÀÀčß@~âbÀÀčÓ…@dÀÀč×ŠčmŠİčÏ@@@N3 @óÀÀÜí@dÀÀč’čryđ…@æþìÈàÀÀfl‘@ïÀÀđ’ma@ðŠÀÀčß…@a‰†ÀÀfl@ÝÀÀđÇ@hÀÀčÜnñ@†ÀÀđ×@BdÀÀčîčÈnq‰ @N@@@@@@c ñč Łë ò À m a @ ó À Û @ ò À î Ûđ … @ @ë e @ ~@Š À đ È i@@@@@đ ‰ ađ … @ a ‰ †č À i @ d íč òč n Û ñ @ d −č †fl Û @ ~òmbčäčİÛŁìy @ NBdčíčònÛñ@dč−fl…B@óÜm@âbčÓ…@dč×ŠčmŠİčÏ…@aŠmŠđ‘@dčîčãŁì× @@@@@a ‰ † À fl @ † yđ @ o Û @  × Łì İ ß @~@dčÔnàđÇ@dčíõúŁìi…@@@@d äŽ ‘fl @ Åč Ûč ñ …đ @ c ñč ëĞ b Û @ ‰ òđ ič @O@ @@@@@@@d àč îč À  @ c ô ač @ ì À çč @ o Ü À ’ n r y ë @H3@@@@ d À äč îč ä ßfl @ a ‰ † fl I@@@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ…@hčÜčiŁìí…@cčñ†đy @ìÀÀÀčÛë@@@dč¤òÀÀÀÏ@dÀÀÀčäčîÇfl‰@†ÀÀÀđ¡ë@òÀÀÀmbčäčiŁìy@dÀÀÀčîçŁëóß@”bÀÀÀčÏ…@aŠrÀÀÀđi @@@@@@@@@ h À Ûč @ d À Ž a ò ‘đ @ Ý Çđ @ d îĆ ä ifl @ d äŽ İč Û Łì y @ c ú₣ Łë ‰ òđ à Ûđ @ 3@@a  È ßđ @ c ëĆ ô … @ ~cčñŁìäčîÜđÇòfl¶ @NdčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@dčîčŁë‰@a‰†fl@ƒíđa@ôòÜđjđÔàđÛë@aĆˆmŠđ‘ ´Ćàčîäfli@òîĆi…@†mëč…@Ýíbnãč…@ @ @ @ @ @ @

2 NÝĆjči@ìčç@čÅznØ’ß@dčyŁìÛ@ač†y@ÝđÇ@čÅàn‘‰@óÜí@čÅ’nÏ…@ƒíđa@ @ 3 @HčÅíč…ìI@ačñ‰ì’đß~@@ ﻣَﻌ ـْﺒ ـَﺮ، pass road, crossing 3@ ač…čñŁìÇ

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1 @ @čÅîčäčöŁì@@~čÅîčäčÛòđß~@@ﻣﺠﺎزﻳﺔ، figurative dčzĞã†đß…@cčñž†ĆÇ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@ 2

@†đzÜ×…@H_dčîčÈnq‰@dč−fl…@ðŠčßë@dčäčí‰ñ@ðđ…đa@ðŠčßI@fčÜí@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@åíĆ‰ñđ… @NóÀÀÀĆäčç…@ðğµ@aĆ‰ŁëŠÀÀÀđjßë@@ôĆŠÀÀÀrđy…@cčñŁìäÀÀÀč‘ĆŠÛ@óÀÀÀÜí@dÀÀÀÏŁìíŒß@ðóÀÀÀîđäflß @N@@fčÜí@čÅí‰þëñča@@čÅßŁëa@şïđä@i @ ð ó î Üđ × … @@@@@@@ d Øč yfl @ ïş đ @ Ý Çđ @ d Óč † fl @ c ô ač … @ c ñč Łë Š m Š ßđ @@ d äŽ àč À ’fl @@Û @ p Š jfl Ç Łì À ß @@@ h À Ûč @~@Ý Èfl Ü iđ @ 2@@@@ d Óč þì  Ðč i @ c ñč Š × … Łì ß @ c ñč Łë † è ’ n i @…@čÅÜflÈië @ @NdčíõúŁìi@côča@áđÇ@æflìí@ðóîđ’nryđ…@aĆ‡†fl@ìčç@âbčÓ…@d×ˆčmŠİčÏ@åíĆ‰ñđ… @côča…@čÅÀÀđØđİàđi@@@@@o Ü n r À ‘ @ ì À çč @ ë ë óž À í @ d À îĆ Ü × … @ cñì@Ô À  Çđ @@@ðóÀîđÜ×@áÀđÇ@ @čÅzđØÀÀÀ’đ½@òÀÀÀmbčÐmûđí@æflìÀÀÀí@hÀÀÀčÜnàÇ@~dÀÀÀŽîčäčîya@ôĆ‡@@†ÀÀÀfl@áÀÀÀđÇ@dÀÀÀčíõúŁìi @dÀÀÀĆ’mˆÏ@dŽàčîÀÀÀđÛ@æflìÀÀÀí@dÀÀÀčîçŁëóßë@cñčˆmŠÀÀÀđ‘ë@ÅčîÀÀÀčÔäđãča@cñìÀÀÀäčÇ…ìčß… @@ o À ã čbi@dčäčÜj@đÓòÀflß@@@ c ëĆ ô … @ @@d À Çč Łì j ßđ @ Ý Ø i @@@cëžô@òma…@@ a …Ž ì Ðč @@Û @ æ ìfl í @ a‰flóãŁìßë @čÅqđbÀÀİđß…@@@cčñ‰ŠÀÀ‘đñ@ač†ÀÀy@ƒÀÀíđaë@N@dÀÀĆíč‡č…@dÀÀŽíõúŁìji@čÅÇđ†ÀÀm@æþëžµ@òÀÀma… @æflìí@dĆiŁëòđß@òyđòÜđi@~dčqčò×@côča@ìčç@æflìí@óĆ’nryđ…@dčíõúŁìi…@cčñŁëàèđÛ @@@dÀčÐnÜđí@†Àđy@O@@@@@@@@@@@ æ ìfl À í @ e Łì À Ü i Łì Ó … @ c ñč Łë … ó À č @ a †č À y …đ @ d ‚č À č @ d îč À č Ü è ãa@dčäč’Üi @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@f À àč çč ‰ Łë ñ @ á À Çđ @ d zč ãĞ † À ßđ … @ c ñ †č À ÇĆ … @ Åč n È À ‘ ñđ ë @ Åč îčí‰ŁìÀ@cčñŁìíŠÐÀfli@dčİnÜß Ndčîčí‰Łì@dčäč’ÜÛ

Dear Daniel Benjamin, I was delighted to find in the Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, just arrived, that I share much of contents with you! Your piece on the patriarchs [of Church of the East] is most useful. Many congratulations on all your fine works. Sebastian Brock. @ ´Ćàčîäfli@òîĆi…@Ýíbnãč…@ojflyŁìßB @@@@ d À ãĆ bđ i @ o Û @ h Üč i Łì Ó … @B@@dĆíč‡þëñča@dŽîč·†č×ča@dĆç‡flôB@@ Åč Ü è à đi@@o Û @ a †fl y @@@@čÅÀÀi‰@čÅčäÀÀàđi@„ŁìÀÀàđÇ@æflìÀÀí@dčàčÜÀÀ‘đ…@æflìÀÀí@dÀÀĆíŁë …ìčßë@~dÀÀŽäčßìčí @@aĆŠÀčß@{dčzĞã†@@@À ßđ … @ c ñč †ž À ÇĆ … }@@@@@@@ d × ˆ À mč ŠİčÏ@ÝÀđÇ@„ŁëŠßbÀĆß@Nečòč’şnryđ… @„ Ł@@@ì À ä §č Łì Ð Û @ d À îŽ ãč Łë ô @@@ „ Łì À Û a @@@@æ ìfl À í @ d À iĆ Łë Š Ô ßđ @N@ó Ü í @ @a‰Łìç@dčã‰ñŁìí @ NaĆˆnÐđ‘ @ NBÚþëŠi@æbčíòčjn@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @dÀÀÀÀŽäqŒi@hÀÀÀÀčÜÏčaë@d×ˆÀÀÀÀčmŠİčÏ…@dŽäčàÀÀÀÀfl’i@čÅîÀÀÀÀčäÜ×@cčñŁìàÜÀÀÀÀđ‘@òÀÀÀÀîđÛ@ @ NdÀčm…ô@Þµ@cëô@òÀma…@dÀŽÇŁìjđß@ìÀčç@dÀčîčznÜ‘@dÀčî‰Łì×@ÝđÇ@ðóíđòrđíñđ…

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