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Exa Scale Computing: the Engine of Discovery

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Exa Scale Computing: the Engine of Discovery EXA SCALE COMPUTING: THE ENGINE OF DISCOVERY SAI CHANDANA SIRISHA GORASA III B.Tech, Pragati Engineering College, ADB Road, Surampalem, East Godavari Dt. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - This paper presents a detailed information about one of the levels of High Performance Computing namely Exascale computing. Computer architectures are expected to change to extend their support to Exa-scale computing in the near future. Exascale computing will have a profound impact on everyday life in the coming decades. It originated from petascale computing. It is simply considered as a transformation of petascale computing. One exaflop equals 1000 petaflops(1018flops per second)which is also known as a quintillion. Exascale computing is a milestone in the history of high performance computing. Keywords - High speed, Large scale, High Performance Computing, Floating point operations(Flops),Super Computers, Energy Consumption I. INTRODUCTION similar to the development of the human brain project.It could equate with the processing power of Computing is the act or the process of calculating the human brain. An Exascale computer can predict something using or connected with computers. climate change and thereby can withstand drought.It Exascale computing is the capability of computing could even be used to predict crime precisely and systems to perform at least one exaflops i.e., a billion with more accuracy than the current predictive billion calculations per second. Flop is the unit of policing systems. Drought-resistant plants and measurement of performance of computing. The first biofuels can be created. More sustainable future can petascale computer came into operation in the year be engineered with the help of stronger computers. 2008.Exascale super computer represents a vast Many problems can be overcome with ease with the increase in the performance of computing over the development of an Exascale computer. peta scale super computer. At a super computing Exascale computing is the term we use for the next conference in 2009, it is expected to be implemented 50- to 100-fold increase in speed over the fastest by 2018.Exascale super computer is assumed to be supercomputers which are in broad use today. An powerful enough to predict the future. Exascale super computer is a trillion times faster than the gigascale super computer.Achievement of such speeds is not an easy task.Several efforts are being carried out by different countries of the world to bring an exascale super computer into operation because of the benefits it brings to the performance of computing. III. DEVELOPMENT BY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES China: The two fastest super computers in the world Sunway TaihuLight and Tianhe-2(Milkyway-2) are owned by China and clock in at 93 and 33 petaflops. But the countries like US,Japan and other competing nations wanted to build the world’s first exascale super Figure 1: Different scales for measuring performance of computer.There is no computer in the world as computing powerful as the exascale super computer.According to the national plan for the next generation of high II. WHY EXA SCALE…??? performance computers, China will develop an exascale computer during the 13th Five-Year-Plan The more powerful and capable is the computer, the period (2016-2020).The exascale super computer is more realistic models it can create. Weather and planned to be named as Tianhe-3 by China. earthquakes are already predicted by the super Taiwan: computers we have. Complex biological systems The largest global center for the research and cannot be modelled with the current computing development of industrial and electronics technology power.Current super computers cannot equate the as well as the center of manufacturing for at least computing power of an Exascale super computer.It is 80% of all computer hardware technology in the Proceedings of IRAJ International Conference, 10th June, 2018, Hyderabad, India 17 Exa Scale Computing: The Engine of Discovery world is Taiwan.It initiated a lot of efforts by its the ARMv8 architecture with extensions it was co- various scientific organizations belonging to both designing with ARM Limited. government and private industries to build an Europe: exascale computer. Taiwan's National Center for European Union have already started building several High-Performance Computing took a first step projects which aimed at developing technologies and towards building the first Taiwanese exascale software for exascale computing in 2011.The projects supercomputer by funding construction of a new are the CRESTA project (Collaborative Research into intermediary supercomputer based on a full Exascale System ware, Tools and Applications), the technology transfer from Fujitsu corporation of Japan DEEP project (Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform), in June 2017..Taiwanese Foxconn and the project Mont-Blanc. A crucial and major Corporationrecently designed and built the largest European project which is based and concentrated on and fastest supercomputer in whole of Taiwan. This the transition of exascale is the MaX (Materials at the new Foxconn supercomputer is designed and built to Exascale) project.In 2015 the Scalable, Energy- serve as a wonderful invention in research and Efficient, Resilient and Transparent Software development towards the design and building of a Adaptation (SERT) project, a major research project state of the art Taiwanese exascale supercomputer. between the University of Manchester and the United States: Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). Because of the reason that building an exascale Daresbury Laboratory in Cheshire, was awarded c. computer is a national-level project,theU.S. £1million from the UK’s Engineering and Physical Department of Energy shelled out $258 million to six Sciences Research Council. The SERT project was different companies namely Hewlett-Packard, Intel, kept due to start in March 2015 andit will be funded Nvidia, Advanced Micro Devices, Cray, and IBM.All by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research these are currently working on the components that Council (EPSRC) under the Software for the Future II would one day go into building such a programme and the project will coordinate and system.Funding to the Institute for Advanced collaborate with the Numerical Analysis Group Architecturesto develop an exascale supercomputer (NAG), Cluster Vision and the STFC. was provided by the two United States of America India: governmental organizations within the US Government of India has proposed to commit 2.5 Department of Energy,the Office of Science and the billion USD in 2012for supercomputing research National Nuclear Security Administration in during the 12th five-year plan period (2012–2017). 2008.Sandia NationalLaboratory and the Oak Ridge The project will be handled by Indian Institute of National Laboratory also wanted to collaborate on Science (IISc), Bangalore.It was later known that exascale designs. Intel promised to develop an India attempts and is planning to develop a exascale technology by 2018.In order to fulfill its supercomputer with processing power in therange of promise,it purchased the InfiniBand product line from exaflops. Within the subsequent 5 years of approval,it QLogic for US $125million in January 2012.By 2012 will be handed over to C-DAC (Centre for the United States had allotted $126 million for Development of Advanced Computing) and will be exascale computing development.President Obama developed further. signed an executive order creating a National Strategic Computing Initiative calling for the The nation that developsan exascale super computer accelerated development of an exascale system and first will unlock all kinds of ways of predicting the funding research into post-semiconductor computing future and understanding the present. The country can on 29 July,2015. The Exascale Computing Project be far ahead of the rest of the world in terms of hopes to build an exascale computer by 2021. As part scientific and technological achievement, which in of the Department of Energy’s larger exascale turn translates to economic power. project, the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) located in Golden,Colorado is working to The following tables give information about the build predictive wind energy models that can work on fastest super computers developed as of November, an exascale-level machine by 2022. 2016 and take towards the exascale hardware: Japan: The RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Rank Name Country Type Science of Japan in the year 2013 began planning an Sunway 1 China Sunway26010 exascale system for 2020.Its main intension was to TaihuLight consume less than 30 megawatts. Later in Tianhe-2 2014,Fujitsu was awarded a contract by RIKEN.It Intel 2 (Milky China was to develop a next-generation supercomputer to Xeon/Xeon Phi succeed the K computer. In 2015, Fujitsu announced way -2) Opteron/Nvidia at the International Supercomputing Conference that 3 Titan USA this supercomputer will use processors implementing Kepler Proceedings of IRAJ International Conference, 10th June, 2018, Hyderabad, India 18 Exa Scale Computing: The Engine of Discovery IBM Power Reduction of Pollution: Exascale computing is 4 Sequoia USA BQC capable enough to reduce pollution caused by burning fossil fuels which is detrimental to our health. The Intel Xeon Phi 5 Cori USA environmental impact of burning fossil fuels is global warming. Carbon dioxide traps the heat in the Table 1: Fastest Super Computers as of November, 2016 atmosphere. It is emitted during fossil fuel burning. Approximately, 85 percent of the world’s energy is Peta Power Name Cores generated by burning fossil fuels. The only way to flops (MW) minimize pollution and optimize is by understanding Sunway and controlling the chemical process of combustion. 10,649,600 93 15 TaihuLight With the help of exascale computing, we expect it Tianhe-2 will be possible to increase the efficiency of (Milky 3,120,000 33.86 18 combustion systems in engines and gas turbines for way -2) transportation and power generation by potentially Titan 560,000 18 8 25-50%and to lower emissions.
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