Vorwort Dankbaren Rolle Des Soloparts

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Vorwort Dankbaren Rolle Des Soloparts III Vorwort dankbaren Rolle des Soloparts. Mit das Konzept des „symphonischen Kon- Opus 44 reagierte Saint-Saëns insofern zerts“ verfolgt, so tritt dieses in Opus 44 darauf, als er vier Satzcharaktere nach noch wesentlich deutlicher hervor. Solist klassischem symphonischem Vorbild in und Orchester sind gleichberechtigt am der üblichen Reihenfolge entwarf: Alle- motivisch-thematischen Geschehen be- Wann genau Camille Saint-Saëns gro-Kopfsatz, Andante als langsamer teiligt, zugleich aber – um der erwähn- (1835 – 1921) mit der Komposition sei- Satz, Allegro vivace als Scherzo und ten Kritik an Opus 29 zuvorzukommen nes Klavierkonzerts Nr. 4 c-moll op. 44 Allegro-Finale mit Andante-Einleitung. – wird dem Pianisten genügend Gele- begann, ist nicht bekannt. Die abschlie- Allerdings verband er jeweils zwei Teile genheit zum brillant-virtuosen Spiel ßende Datierung im Autograph der Par- miteinander, sodass sich zwei in sich gelassen. titur „Septembre 1875“ ohne genaue wiederum zweigeteilte Großsätze erge- Auch wenn einige Musikkritiker hier Tagesangabe deutet darauf hin, dass ben – eine originelle Formstruktur, die und da Vorbehalte äußerten, wurde die Beginn und Ende der Niederschrift im er später für seine berühmte Symphonie Uraufführung am 31. Oktober 1875 mit selben Monat stattfanden, mithin die Nr. 3 c-moll op. 78 („Orgelsymphonie“) Saint-Saëns am Klavier unter der Lei- Niederschrift nicht mehr als maximal nochmals verwenden sollte. Vor dem tung von Colonne ein großer Erfolg. vier Wochen in Anspruch nahm. Dieser Finale fügte er im Konzert zusätzlich Unterstrichen wurde in der Presse vor relativ kurze Zeitraum ist keineswegs noch ein kurzes Andante – eben jene allem der Aspekt des Symphonischen, außergewöhnlich für Saint-Saëns, zu- Übernahme aus dem älteren Sympho- der offenbar in dieser zugespitzten mal er auf frühere Entwürfe und Skiz- nieentwurf – als Intermezzo ein. Form als neu empfunden wurde: „Herr zen zurückgegriffen haben dürfte. So Der Eindruck einer festgefügten Saint-Saëns macht in seinen Konzerten verwendete er nachweislich als Inter- Form verstärkt sich noch durch enge aus dem Klavier ein Instrument des mezzo für Satz II die langsame Einlei- motivisch-thematische Verbindungen Orchesters anstatt dieses auf die unter- tung einer Fragment gebliebenen Sym- zwischen den Einzelteilen. Jean Gallois geordnete Rolle als Begleiter des Kla- phonie von 1854 (Paris, Bibliothèque zufolge soll Saint-Saëns sogar wie in viers zu reduzieren“ (L’Art musical 14, nationale de France, Signatur Ms. 909). den Klavierkonzerten von Franz Liszt 1875, Nr. 44). Oder: „Man findet hier Auslöser für die Komposition eines einen pausenlosen Übergang aller Teile sogar den Stil der reinen Symphonie“ neuen Werks mit Orchesterbeteiligung befürwortet haben (vgl. Jean Gallois, (Revue et Gazette musicale 42, 1875, war für Saint-Saëns vermutlich die An- Camille Saint-Saëns, Sprimont 2004, S. 342). Gewidmet ist das Konzert dem kündigung eines Gedenkkonzerts für S. 167), wozu sich aber keine Doku- Czerny-Schüler Anton Door (1833 – seinen im Juni 1875 verstorbenen engen mente erhalten haben. Möglicherweise 1919), der ab 1868 als Klavierprofessor Freund Georges Bizet, das der Dirigent beruft sich Gallois hier auf eine Bemer- am Wiener Konservatorium tätig war. Édouard Colonne auf Ende Oktober zur kung von Alfred Cortot, der behauptete, Wie aus Doors Dankesbrief vom 30. Ok- Eröffnung seiner neuen Konzertsaison das damals in seinem Besitz befindliche tober 1875 hervorgeht, erfüllte Saint- festlegte. Saint-Saëns hatte von Beginn Autograph der Partitur „bestätige sein Saëns damit ein Versprechen, das er an regen Anteil an Colonnes Unterneh- instinktives Gefühl, dass es sich bei dem Professor bei einem Zusammen- mungen genommen und auch die Grün- diesem Konzert um einen einzigen Teil treffen in Wien gegeben hatte (vgl. dung der „Association artistique des handle, der ohne Unterbrechung zu Briefabdruck in: Sabina Teller Rat- concerts Colonne“ (1874) sowohl durch spielen sei“ (Alfred Cortot, Saint-Saëns ner, Camille Saint-Saëns 1835 – 1921. seine Beteiligung als Pianist als auch et le piano [1930], in: La musique fran- A Thematic Catalogue of his Complete durch Aufführungen eigener Werke un- çaise de piano, Paris 1981, S. 320; die- Works, Bd. 1: The Instrumental Works, terstützt (wie etwa der Premiere der ses und alle nachfolgenden Zitate im Oxford 2002, S. 372). symphonischen Dichtung Danse maca- Original auf Französisch). Am Ende von Anfang 1877 erschienen Partitur, bre op. 40 im Januar 1875). Insofern Satz I (S. 51) lässt sich im Autograph Orchesterstimmen und Klavierauszug war für den Komponisten die Beteili- der ausdrücklich nach dem Doppel- im Pariser Verlag Durand, mit dem gung am Gedenkkonzert mit einem strich angezeigte Vorzeichenwechsel für Saint-Saëns zwei Jahre zuvor einen Ex- neuen Werk ein naheliegender Gedanke. den auf der nächsten Seite folgenden klusivvertrag geschlossen hatte. Den Dass Saint-Saëns sich erneut der Satz II zwar so deuten, jedoch fehlt eine Auszug der Orchesterstimmen über- Gattung des Klavierkonzerts zuwandte, eindeutige Bezeichnung des pausenlosen nahm – vermutlich aus Zeitmangel auf könnte mit der insgesamt eher verhalte- Übergangs wie etwa „attacca“. Bitten des Komponisten – dessen lang- nen Aufnahme seines Klavierkonzerts Der Verzicht auf die für Konzerte jähriger Schüler und enger Freund Ga- Nr. 3 Es-dur op. 29 (1869) zu tun ha- sonst übliche Dreisätzigkeit unter- briel Fauré (zur Quellenlage und deren ben. Die Kritik an Opus 29 entzündete streicht auch äußerlich die Nähe zur Bewertung siehe die Bemerkungen am sich vor allem am Schwanken zwischen Symphonie mit obligatem Klavier. Hat- Ende der vorliegenden Edition). klassischer Konzertform und der freien te Saint-Saëns bereits in seinem Kla- Der Erfolg der Uraufführung festigte Form einer Fantasie sowie der eher un- vierkonzert Nr. 2 g-moll op. 22 (1868) sich in den nachfolgenden Darbietun- HN_1359_Vorwort_und_Abkuerzungen_KR.indd 3 14.08.2020 11:37:22 IV gen im In- und Ausland, wobei neben the founding of the “Association artis- the score then in his possession (Alfred Saint-Saëns selbst weitere bekannte tique des concerts Colonne” (1874) Cortot, Saint-Saëns et le piano [1930], Pianisten wie Raoul Pugno oder Alfred both by his participation as a pianist in: La musique française de piano, Par- Cortot das Werk in ihr Programm auf- and through performances of his own is, 1981, p. 320; this and all subsequent nahmen, sodass es bald zu einem seiner works (such as the première of the sym- quotations are in French in the origi- populärsten konzertanten Werke auf- phonic poem Danse macabre op. 40 in nal). At the end of movement I (p. 51), stieg. January 1875). In this respect, contrib- the change of key signature for move- uting to the memorial concert with a ment II which follows on the next page, Allen in den Bemerkungen genannten new work was something which natu- explicitly indicated after the double bar Bibliotheken sei an dieser Stelle für die rally appealed to the composer. line in the autograph, can be interpret- freundliche Bereitstellung der Quellen- The fact that Saint-Saëns turned ed thus, but a clear indication for an kopien herzlich gedankt. again to the genre of the piano concerto immediate transition such as “attacca” could have had something to do with is missing. München, Herbst 2020 the rather muted reception given to his Forgoing the usual three-movement Peter Jost 3rd Piano Concerto in Eb major op. 29 format otherwise typical for concertos (1869). Criticism of his op. 29 was also has the superficial effect of empha- sparked in particular by his fluctuating sising the closeness to a symphony with between classical concerto form and the obbligato piano. Although Saint-Saëns free form of a fantasia, as well as the had already pursued the concept of the rather thankless role of the solo part. “symphonic concerto” in his Piano Con- With op. 44 Saint-Saëns reacted to this certo no. 2 in g minor op. 22 (1868), by conceiving four different moods for this was even more prominent in his Preface the movements in the usual order of the op. 44. Soloist and orchestra play an classical symphonic model: an Allegro equal part in the motivic-thematic epi- opening movement, Andante as the slow sodes, but at the same time – in order movement, Allegro vivace as a Scherzo to forestall the criticism mentioned of and an Allegro Finale with Andante in- op. 29 – the pianist is given sufficient It is not known exactly when Camille troduction. However, he combined two opportunity for brilliant, virtuoso play- Saint-Saëns (1835 – 1921) began work movements together each time, result- ing. on his Piano Concerto no. 4 in c minor ing in two larger movements both in Even if a few music critics here and op. 44. The end date in the autograph two sections – an original formal struc- there expressed reservations, the pre- of the score “Septembre 1875” without ture which he was to use again later for mière on 31 October 1875 with Saint- a precise day suggests that the notation his famous Symphony no. 3 in c minor Saëns at the piano, conducted by Co- was completed within the month, and op. 78 (the “Organ Symphony”). Before lonne, was a great success. The press that it therefore took no longer than the Finale, he inserted an additional particularly emphasised the symphonic four weeks at most. This relatively short short Andante into the Concerto as an aspect, which was apparently perceived period is in no way unusual for Saint- Intermezzo – borrowing it from the old- as a novelty in this intensified form: Saëns, particularly since he may have er symphonic sketch. “M. Saint-Saëns, in these concertos, drawn on earlier drafts and sketches. The impression of a firmly-estab- makes an orchestral instrument out of For example, he evidently used the slow lished form was reinforced through the the piano, instead of reducing it to a introduction from a symphony of 1854 close motivic-thematic connections be- subordinate role as the accompanist to that remained a fragment as the Inter- tween the individual sections. According the piano” (L’Art musical 14, 1875, mezzo for movement II (Paris, Biblio- to Jean Gallois, Saint-Saëns is said to no.
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