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Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Holeta Municipal Abattoir, Central Ethiopia

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Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Holeta Municipal Abattoir, Central Ethiopia Central Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research Research Article *Corresponding author Seifu Hailu, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethio- Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis pia, Tel: +251911263380, Email: [email protected] Submitted: 24 August 2020 Accepted: 09 September 2020 in Holeta Municipal Abattoir, Published: 11 September 2020 ISSN: 2379-948X Central Ethiopia Copyright Seifu Hailu* and Adissu Abdeta © 2020 Hailu S, et al. Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia OPEN ACCESS Keywords Abstract • Cattle A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2010 to April, 2011 to determine • Fasciola the prevalence of bovine fasiciolosis in Holeta Municipal abattoir. The animals were chosen by • Holeta a systematic random sampling method among slaughtered cattle. Of the 600 cattle examined • Municipal abattoir in Holeta Municipal abattoir 122 (20.34%) were harboring the parasite of Fasciola. Both species of fasciola were identified during the study period at which F.hepatica was the most prevalent (15.17%) species followed by (3.17%), 1.17% mixed infection by both species and 0.83% immature or unidentified fluke were appreciated at the time. Most cattle were brought from high lands of Ethiopia to the abattoir as intermediate snail of F.hepatica and the parasite species itself survives above 1800m. Worm count was conducted on 122 infected livers revealed a mean fluke count of 70.25 per liver with maximum and minimum fluke count of 152 and 2, respectively. Intensity of liver infection showed that most of the affected livers were lightly infected (38.53%) and severely 29.5% while moderately infected livers had a relative frequency of 32%. Association between Fasciola and body condition was significant (P<0.05). However, age, breed and sex were not associated with the parasite Fasciola. INTRODUCTION The disease is responsible for considerable economic losses in the cattle industry mainly through mortality, liver condemnation, In Ethiopia, Current estimates show that there are 41.5 million reduced production of meat, milk, wool and expenditures for heads of cattle, 41 million goats and sheep 1.1 million heads anthelmetics [7,8]. of dromedary, 5.8 millions of equines and 52 million chickens [1]. However this huge livestock resource is not fully utilized In tropical countries, fasciolosis is considered the single most because of various constraints of which poor animal production important helminth infection of cattle, with reported prevalence and management and livestock disease are the most important. of 30-90 % [9]. Loss due to parasitic disease is of great interest to many tropical The prevalence of fasciolosis in many parts of Africa has been countries [2]. determined mainly at slaughter. However estimation of economic Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease of domestic loss due to fasciolosis at national and regional levels is limited by lack of accurate estimation of the prevalence of disease [10]. and F. gigntica. Fasciola hepatica has cosmopolitan distribution The presence of fasciolosis due to F. hepatica and in Ethiopia ruminants caused by two liver fluke species, Faciola hepatica mainly in temperate zones, while is found in tropical regions of has long been known and several workers [11-14] have reported Africa and Asia. Thus, the two-fasciolid species overlap in many African and Asian countries and sometimes in the same country, its prevalenceA review andof economicavailable significance.literature strongly suggest that and their snail intermediate host are distinct [3,4]. fasciolosis exists in almost all parts of the country. It is regarded although in such cases the ecological requirement of the flukes as one of the major setbacks to livestock productivity incurring huge direct and indirect losses in the country. Available published multiple factors which comprise host, parasite and environment reports have indicated that bovine fasciolosis causes economic The occurrence of fasciolosis in an area is influenced by a effects. In the natural foci of fasciolosis, Fasciola and their losses of roughly 350 million birr per annum due to decreased productivity alone [13]. epidemiological threats [5]. intermediate and final hosts form an association posing potential More recently Tolasa et al. [4] and Abbuna et al. [15] have Bovine fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic disease of cattle causing mortality and production losses in respectively due to liver condemnations at slaughter houses. And various parts of Ethiopia [6]. interminglingreported financial of cattle losses from of 6300various USD grazing and 4000 areas USD occur per [14]. annum, Cite this article: Hailu S, Abdeta A (2020) Prevalence of Bovine Fasciolosis in Holeta Municipal Abattoir, Central Ethiopia. J Vet Med Res 7(5): 1198. Hailu S, et al. (2020) Central 1.962 ( p) (1− p) was the predominant species encountered (Kithuka et al. [16] = n 2 PhiriStudies et al.[10]; in other Phiri etcountries al.[17], whereas, of Africa in showed Europe, that the AmericansF. gigntica d and Oceania only F. hepatica is concerned [3]. Therefore, this research work was carried out in Holeta where,P= Expectedn = Sample prevalence size Municipal abattoir with the objectives: Therefore,d= Desired level1.96 of precision x 0.5 (1 (5%)− 0.5) n = 2 = 384 • To estimate the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis (0.05) • To identify the commonly involved fasciola species the animal and procedure was designed in such a way that 10 animals were • To assess fluke burden and relate it to the body condition of So as to address the determined sample size, sampling fascolosis. systematic random sampling. • To identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of sampled and then inspected per day (for 3 days per week) using MATERIALS AND METHODS Examination of liver After the slaughter of the selected animals the predilection Study area The study was conducted at Holeta Municipal abattoir which is found in Holeta town. The study was carried out from November countsite (liver) and wasassessment carefully followedof the severity and inspected of liver for lesions the presence were 2010 to April 2011. The town is found in Walmara district, carriedof fasciola. out. TheBesides, liver identificationwas cut in to slicesof the of aboutfluke species,1 cm thick worm and Ethiopia. It is located at a distance of 44 kilo meters west of Finfine surrounding Oromia special zone, Oromia Regional state, headsput in werea broad counted. hard dish Flukes of warmfrom eachwater animal to allow were mature examined fluke lodged in smaller bile ducts to escape. Then all flukes and fluke’s meanAddis temperatureAbaba at a latitude ranges betweenof 09° 03′ 11-22 00’′N °C. and Walmara longitude district of 38° is bordered30’00’’ E. Theby Addis altitude Ababa of the to thearea East; is 2391 Ejere m.a.s.l district and to the the annual West, macroscopically and classified as adult F. hepatica, and immature fluke on the basis of size and shape. Sululta district to the North and Sebeta Hawas district to the wasSeverity categorized of infestation into light, moderatewas identified and severe.by using the degree of south and its weather condition is classified as 39% woinadega pathological lesions over the liver of infected animals. Severity Data analysis areand numerous61% Dega. small The andarea large-scale has a short dairy rainy farms season embracing from March local, exoticto April and and cross-breed. a long rainy Theseason livestock from June population to September. of Walmara There district is estimated at 188,221 cattle, 108,652 sheep, 15,420 goats 365,294 poultry, 8,062 horses, 1,406 donkeys, 229 mule statisticalData collected software. fromThe prevalenceabattoir survey of fasciolosis was entered was calculated in to a and 1,853 traditional, 870 transitional beehives. asMicrosoft the number excel of spreadinfected sheet individuals and analyzed divided by with the totalSTATA number 9 of Study animals prevalence with body condition of the animals was analyzed The study animals were cattle, which come from different of animals examined X 100. Statistical association of Fasciola parts of the country for slaughter. The study involved 600 adult Breed, sex and age were not included in the analysis because of cattle brought from Holeta, Inchini, Ginchi, Ejere and Mugher theusing very Pearson’s low number Chi ofsquare observations; and logistic there regressionwere only 5analysis. females cattle markets in and around the town. Animals are given a and 16 exotic cattle while all animals included in this study were unique number by the abattoir which represents the code for the client. adults.RESULTS P<0.05 was considered significant for all analysis. Study type The study was conducted in 600 randomly selected adult The study was a cross-sectional study which involved 600 cattle slaughtered between November 2010 and April 2011in adult cattle selected through systematic random sampling. Holeta municipal abattoir. All cattle examined were male except Sample size and sampling procedure: The sampling 5 and local except 16. procedure was conducted using systematic random sampling PREVALENCE STUDY technique from which those animals attained to the abattoir for slaughtering were part of the sample size. The total number of samples size required for the study was calculated based on conducted on cattle slaughtered at Holeta municipal abattoir revealedSix months a mean (November prevalence 2010-April of 20.34% 2011)with condemnation abattoir survey of method. By rule of thumb where there is no information for an 122 affected livers out of 600 systematically selected cattle. The areathe formula it is possible given to by take thrusfield 20% or [18]. 50% Systemic prevalence. random In this sampling study, it result of abattoir examination is presented on species bases in was taken 50% prevalence to calculate the sample size using the following formula. in this study; F. hepatica being the more prevalent of the two. Table 1 below. Fasciola hepatica and were the species identified J Vet Med Res 7(5): 1198 (2020) 2/5 Hailu S, et al.
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