DOCSLIB.ORG

Mapping the Global Influence of Published Research on Industry and Innovation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mapping the Global Influence of Published Research on Industry and Innovation PATENTS OPEN Mapping the global influence of published research on industry and innovation Osmat A Jefferson1,3, Adam Jaffe1,2, Doug Ashton3, Ben Warren3, Deniz Koellhofer3, Uwe Dulleck1,4,5, Aaron Ballagh4, John Moe6, Michael DiCuccio6, Karl Ward7, Geoff Bilder7, Kevin Dolby8 & Richard A Jefferson1,3 Measuring citations to scholarly works in the global patent literature enables assessment of the influence of published research on invention, industry and enterprise, at the individual and institutional level. ublic research is critical to the economy or technology fields of use, may expose and led to many products, without being them- Pand to society. However, tangible eco- highlight institutional strength and practices, selves patented or monetized by the authors’ nomic and social impact occurs only when and guide future partnerships. institutions. research outputs are combined, used and Few, if any, products in the marketplace reused with other elements and capabilities, to Linking the scientific and patent are produced solely by public research insti- deliver a product, practice or service. Assessing literatures tutions, and while spinouts may contribute the context and influence of scholarship dur- Public investment in science and technology some inventions, almost all products and ser- ing the dynamic process of innovation rather is increasingly expected to demonstrate social vices with social and economic impact require than measuring ex post impact, may improve and economic benefits1–4. Much effort has an innovation system9 and participation by performance. With this aim, we have integrated been focused on developing metrics, data- diverse actors, to assemble complemen- and interconnected scholarly citations with bases and methodologies for identifying and tary capabilities with diverse incentives and global patent literature and created new tools quantifying impacts of past investments and norms. Aligning these incentives, minimiz- to link the scholarly literature with the patent actions3–5. Understanding the connections ing risk, decreasing transaction costs between literature. The resulting tools we present here between desired outcomes and research con- these actors and motivating them in common enable diverse stakeholders to freely evaluate ducted many years earlier will at best provide pursuit of product development is thought to the influence published research has on the signposts for current public policy or to help be the fundamental driver behind the evolu- generation and potential use of inventions evaluate past policy. But in rapidly evolving tion of companies, as articulated by Coase’s as reflected by the patent system. We outline and complex innovative environments, this “The Nature of the Firm”10. Optimum choices an evolving toolkit, Lens Influence Mapping, ex post assessment provides limited guidance of persistent partnerships in product develop- that allows assessment of individual schol- as to how to improve performance. We need ment will determine the effectiveness of any arly works and aggregated outputs of authors tools that provide guidance throughout the attempt to use science and technology as criti- for influence on industry and enterprise, as trajectory of innovation that can increase the cal components in innovation. For outcome- measured by citations within patents. This likelihood of impact in the future. oriented philanthropy or for public funding performance measure, applied at many levels The term ‘impact’ implies causation. that seeks a deliverable product to improve and normalized by either research disciplines Research findings can strongly influence or the public good (e.g., a vaccine), these con- enable the development of a product or service siderations should be paramount and should with economic value, but a particular piece of drive decisions. Regrettably, for much public 1 © 2018 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. All rights part Nature. of Springer Inc., America, Nature © 2018 Queensland University of Technology scholarship rarely ‘causes’ the delivery of such investment, they are not paramount. (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. products or services. The concept of influence, Modern innovation—the marketplace 2Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, rather than impact per se, reveals one-to-many introduction of a new product or practice11— Wellington, New Zealand. 3Cambia, Canberra, relationships or many-to-many relationships, requires the aggregation of scientific and Australia .4ANU, Research Services Division, and surfaces opportunities to alter decisions inventive inputs with other components, such Canberra, Australia. 5CESifo Ludwig- and partnerships dynamically to enhance as intellectual property (IP) rights, regulatory Maximilians-Universität, Center for Economic uptake of the scholarship. compliance, and manufacturing or marketing Studies, Munich, Germany. 6National Library For instance, contributions such as DNA capabilities12, among many others. Can we of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, and protein sequencing methods by Fred learn from this evolution of company behav- Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 7Crossref Oxfordw Sanger6, monoclonal antibodies by Kohler and ior to generalize interventions that make all Centre for Innovation, New Road, Oxford, Milstein7, or BLAST algorithms by Lipman, innovation more effective and efficient, espe- United Kingdom. 8Medical Research Council, Altschul et al.8, have influenced and inspired cially that for good public outcomes? London, United Kingdom. tens of thousands of scholarly works and Here, we offer new open tools, including a e-mail: [email protected] similar numbers of patented inventions that new application, PatCite, for any party, not only NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY VOLUME 36 NUMBER 1 JANUARY 2018 31 PATENTS a 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 SIPO 0.3 EPO WIPO strings/total families 0.2 USPTO 0.1 Patent families_any with citation 0.0 Optics Biotechnology Machine tools Pharmaceuticals SemiconductorsFood chemistry Civil engineering Medical technology Telecommunications Materials, metallurgy OrganicDigital ne chemistry communicationComputer technology Chemical engineering Audio-visual technology Basic materials chemistry Environmental technology Engines, pumps, turbines IT methods for management Textile and paper machines Analysis of biological materials Basic communication processes Micro-structural and nano-technology Macromolecular chemistry, polymers Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy Technology sectors based on WIPO IPC concordance table b c # unique DOI matches across patent 8 6 Pharmaceuticals families (note: redundancy between families maintained) 7 Biotechnology # uniquePMID matches across patent families (note: redundancy between 5 6 families maintained) Computer technology # unique orig citations across patent 5 Organic fine chemistry families (note: redundancy between 4 families maintained) 4 Digital communication (millions) 3 3 Civil engineering 2 2 1 families_any (millions) Number of NPL citations (orig/PMID/DOI) 0 1 Optics Biotechnology 0 Pharmaceuticals Semiconductors Food chemistry Civil engineering Medical technology patent Number of unique original citation strings across Telecommunications Materials, metallurgy Pre 1975 1975–1984 1985–1994 1995–2004 Post 2004 OrganicComputer ne chemistry technology Digital communicationChemical engineering Audio-visual technology Basic materials chemistry EnvironmentalEngines, technology pumps, turbines IT methods forTextile management and paper machines Analysis of biological materials Year Basic communication processes Macromolecular chemistry,Micro-structural polymers and nano-technology Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy Technology sectors based on WIPO IPC concordance table Figure 1 Frequency of inventions (simple patent families) with NPL citations. (a) Average of patent families with NPL citations per technology sector at the top four patent authorities: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO), and Chinese Patent Office (SIPO). (b) Number of NPL citations per technology sector. (c) Unique NPL citations over ten-year intervals based on publication date in six illustrative IPC-defined technology sectors. Citation redundancy within simple patent families was removed. to find current and past influences of scientific later rank institutional influence. The metric Patents, prior art and scholarly citations results on patent-based inventions, but also to reflects a citation intensity measure of the pat- The patent system provides a lens into the map linkages that can guide their decision- ents citing third parties, weighted by the size interfaces between knowledge and inven- © 2018 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. All rights part Nature. of Springer Inc., America, Nature © 2018 making processes. The resulting interactive and of patent family over total resolved articles. tion and invention and innovation. A patent dynamic maps show which scientific results, Although the metric can be applied at indi- can be granted for a new, non-obvious and which scientists, and potentially, which institu- vidual, institutional, regional and country useful invention, which has been adequately tions have influence over a subset of economic levels, and versioned as a standard or normal- described to enable others to reproduce it. activity. We demonstrate how more granular ized measure to account for data variances, The invention
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Patent Data
    Introduction to patent data Gianluca Tarasconi, rawpatentdata.blogspot.com IP introduction Querying patent databases is a process where user can meet pitfalls. Datasets answer exactly what they are asked. In order to ask the correct question some background is needed. IP overview Legal right What for? How? Application and Patents New inventions examination Original creative or Exists Copyright artistic forms automatically* Distinctive identification Use and/or Trade marks of products or services registration Registered External appearance Registration* designs Valuable information Reasonable efforts Trade secrets not known to10 the public to keep secret Worldwide patents filings https://www3.wipo.int/ipstats/ipslinechart by patent office 10 Patent Information (I): Ipad Patent Document front page (USD503889) The patent document is the data source; For statistical purposes the data must, however, be cleaned, normalized and reclassified; You need to be able to query (with queries or user interfaces); The latter is the reason why resources (databases, reports, etc.) where data has been preprocessed are used. 2 Patent front page 2 CAVEAT! Is 1 patent = 1 invention? NO Due to applicant strategy, institutional bias etc 1 patent family = 1 invention 10 * PATENT FAMILY DEFINITION A patent family is "a set of patents taken in various countries to protect a single invention (when a first application in a country – the priority – is then extended to other offices).“ In other words, a patent family is "the same invention disclosed by a common inventor(s) and patented in more than one country.” 10 PATENT FAMILY 10 PATENT FAMILY – from EPO Espacenet 10 CAVEAT 2! Is 1 document number= 1 patent? NO Also application kind defines type of application.
    [Show full text]
  • M&A Strategy
    MODULE 06 Patent Information MODULE 06. Patent Information OUTLINE LEARNING POINT 1: Understanding patent information 1. Patent information & Patent documents (1) Patent Information (2) Patent documents 2. Advantages of patent information LEARNING POINT 2: Type of patent information search 1. State‐of‐the‐art & Patentability search (1) State‐of‐the‐art search (2) Patentability search 2. Infringement search 3. Validity search 4. Index or name search LEARNING POINT 3: Method of patent information search 1. Types of patent information databases (1) CD‐ROM (2) Online databases 2. Selection of databases 3. Example of on‐line databases search (1) How to access Full‐Text database (2) How to use a Quick Search page LEARNING POINT 4: Strategic use of patent information 1. In licensing (1) ‘Licensing in’ technology (2) ‘Licensing out’ technology (3) ‘Cross‐licensing’ 2. In Mergers & Acquisitions 3. In Research & Development 4. In Human Resource Management INTRODUCTION Even the latest gadgets get outdated in no time. Umpteen, new or improved models are constantly appearing on the market. Can something be really done to survive this fierce competition? In this module, we look at the role of patent information in protecting a business as well as in helping it to gain a competitive edge. In particular, we are going to deal with what is meant by patent information and why it is important and discuss how patent information may be used including searching patent information and strategically using the results of such a search. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. You understand the concept of patent information. 2. You understand how to strategically use patent information.
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Family Concepts and Sources for Family Information
    Topic 3: Patent Family Concepts and Sources for Family Information Lutz Mailänder Head, International Cooperation on Examination and Training Section Cairo April 28, 2019 Agenda Families – why Priority rights Families – which Types Families – where Sources of family information Further reading on families WIPO Handbook: http://www.wipo.int/standards/en/pdf/08-01-01.pdf EPO: http://www.epo.org/searching/essentials/patent-families.html http://documents.epo.org/projects/babylon/eponet.nsf/0/C9387E5053AA70 7BC125816A00508E8D/$File/Patent_Families_at_the_EPO_en.pdf PIUG: http://wiki.piug.org/display/PIUG/Patent+Families OECD: https://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/44604939.pdf PCT/US2007/07071 Source of family information: Espacenet Inpadoc ('extended') family Priorities (here 2 US) create family relations Simple family ('equivalents') PCT/US2007/07071 Espacenet: Extended (Inpadoc) family Number of family members (counting distinct national applications) 1st family member (AR) 2nd family member (AU) 3rd family member (CA) AU family member Same US PCT priorities application like WO number Origin of patent families There are various reasons for patent family relations between distinct applications/filings: A. Patent protection is territorial, i.e. inventors/investors may have to seek protection in various different jurisdictions (“extensions”) B. ...... Foreign applications usually claim priorities of earlier applications filed in other jurisdictions based on Paris Convention TRIPS agreement Priorities create family relations between earlier and later
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Families
    Topic 3: Patent Families Lutz Mailänder Bangkok 21-23 November 2012 Head, Patent Information Section Hanoi 26-28 November 2012 Global IP Infrastructure Sector Agenda Families – why Families – which Types Unity of patents Families – implications for examination External results, worksharing Prior art Families – where Resources WIPO Handbook: http://www.wipo.int/standards/en/pdf/08-01-01.pdf EPO: http://www.epo.org/searching/essentials/patent-families.html PIUG: http://wiki.piug.org/display/PIUG/Patent+Families Landon IP: http://www.intellogist.com/wiki/Patent_Families Origin of patent families Patent protection for particular invention is territorial, i.e. inventors have to seek protection in different countries Office of first filing (OFF) is usually in country of residence of inventor or applicant Subsequent filings of improvements at OFF Applicants seek protection abroad (“extensions”) Office(s) of second filing (OSF) Parallel with OFF (cost), or Deferred, delayed All filings/applications for “same invention” constitute a patent family Origin of patent families Patent applications can claim priorities of earlier applications (filed in same or other IPOs) Priorities create (legal) family relations between respective earlier and later filings Family relations may exist also without claiming priorities (e.g., technical families) Types of patent families Priorities are claimed National families Filings abroad: Paris convention (&TRIPS) family Filings abroad: PCT system family Without priorities Technical families Domestic families PCT Families on national level National second filings Patent of addition Improvement of original invention of parent patent Unity with parent patent to be given; i.e. as if further independent claim of parent patent Depends on validity of parent patent Request possible up to 18 months after filing of patent patent National second filings Division E.g.
    [Show full text]
  • International Patent Families: from Application Strategies to Statistical Indicators
    Antoine Dechezleprêtre, Yann Ménière, Myra Mohnen International patent families: from application strategies to statistical indicators Article (Published version) (Refereed) Original citation: Dechezleprêtre, Antoine, Ménière, Yann and Mohnen, Myra (2017) International patent families: from application strategies to statistical indicators. Scientometrics. ISSN 0138-9130 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-017-2311-4 Reuse of this item is permitted through licensing under the Creative Commons: © 2017 The Authors CC BY 4.0 This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/69486/ Available in LSE Research Online: March 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. Scientometrics DOI 10.1007/s11192-017-2311-4 International patent families: from application strategies to statistical indicators 1 2 3 Antoine Dechezlepreˆtre • Yann Me´nie`re • Myra Mohnen Received: 20 April 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of international patent families, including their domestic component. We exploit a relatively under-studied feature of patent families, namely the number of patents covering the same invention within a given jurisdiction. Using this information, we highlight common patterns in the structure of international patent families, which reflect both the patenting strategies of innovators and the peculiarities of the different patent systems. While the literature has extensively used family size, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Bumping Into Your Own Prior Art
    Bumping Into Your Own Prior Art PETER L. BREWER 8903 Linksvue Drive Gettysvue Center Knoxville, Tennessee 37922 (o) (865) 224-8555 www.thrive-ip.com www.energy-ip.com Association of Intellectual Property Firms 2020 Writing Competition Submitted to Brett Lunn, Esq. FB Rice January 03, 2020 1 Contents I. Introduction ...............................................................................................................4 II. The America Invents Act and The One-Year Grace Period ......................................5 III. The Problem of the Previously-Issued Patent ...........................................................7 IV. The Problem of the Previous Publication ..................................................................8 V. The Problem of the Parent Patent Application ..........................................................9 VI. The Problem of the Continuation-In-Part Application ............................................10 VII. The Problem of the Secret Sale, and the Not-So-Secret Sale ..................................10 VIII. The Problem of Secret or Experimental Use ...........................................................12 IX. The Problem of the Provisional Patent Application ................................................13 X. The Problem of Trade Secrets .................................................................................13 XI. The Problem of Double Patenting ...........................................................................15 XII. The Problem of the International Patent ..................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Family Data and Statistics at the European Patent Office
    European Patent Office Patent family data and statistics at the European Patent Office. Peter Hingley; EPO, Munich Walter Park; American University, USA WIPO-OECD Workshop on Patent Statistics, 18 & 19 / 09 / 2003. EPO Patent families 1. Introduction ¾ 2. Construction of families ¾ 3. Sociology of families ¾ 4. Timeliness of families data ¾ 5. Statistical description of filing trends ¾ 6. Families as a basis for forecasting filings ¾ 7. Conclusions WIPO-OECD Workshop on Patent Statistics, 18 & 19 / 09 / 2003. EPO Patent families 2. Construction of patent families Priority forming DOCDB publications database First Filings Applications, Grants (with references to priorities) Priority 1 Application A Priority 2 Application B Priority 3 Application C, Grant C Rearrange as families (PRI file) : Family 1 Priority 1 Application A Status A Family 2 Priority 2 Application A, Application B Status A Family 3 Priority 3 Application C, Grant C Status G Country & Bloc of Filing (EPC, Japan, US, Others), Applicant & Inventor Names, Priority date, Subsequent filings dates, Utility model / Patent, Classification (IPC & NACE), PCT involved, EPO involved. WIPO-OECD Workshop on Patent Statistics, 18 & 19 / 09 / 2003. EPO Patent families 3. Sociology of patent families Families originating from first filings in EPC contracting states (including EPO first filings) in 1997. Monolateral families ("First") First: 127179 Out: 42700 T.P.F: 15539 Bilateral familes ("Out") Trilateral patent families ("T.P.F.") WIPO-OECD Workshop on Patent Statistics, 18 & 19 / 09 / 2003. EPO Patent families 3. Sociology of patent families From EPC to any other Blocs (Priority Year 1997) 129179 EPC US and/or and/or JAPAN OTHERS 42700 (33%) WIPO-OECD Workshop on Patent Statistics, 18 & 19 / 09 / 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Patent Search Tools to Help Anyone Who Needs to Locate Patent Information
    Patent Searching Using Free Search Tools 2017 Ellen Krabbe, Steve Sampson, Ian Wetherbee 1 Introduction Purpose of this document…. Table of Contents This article is a tutorial on several free patent search tools to help anyone who needs to locate patent information. Introduction P2 Espacenet P3-7 This document will act as a rapid introduction to each tool Google Patents P8-12 emphasizing its key features and where those features can PATENTSCOPE P13-17 be found. Since individual needs vary, it is our hope that you The Lens P18-22 will be able to rapidly choose a tool with the functions that fit your needs. Comparison of Tools P23 Other Resources P24 The best patent searches are iterative using different search tools since each tool works slightly differently. The same Primer on Information Security: search was performed in each tool using the same key words Protecting confidentiality is a common source of and you will notice that the number of results is quite misinformation regarding free search tools. Users should different. This is most commonly due to the countries be aware that no tool (paid or free) is without risk. covered and the way family members are grouped. However, by following a few tips and understanding the “threat model”, you can confidently search for patents Ideally, you would want to perform a search using at least while taking reasonable, best-practice security steps to two search tools. Each tool has different strengths, protect the confidentiality of the invention. therefore, by searching with different tools you can take advantage of their unique search features, such as WIPO's Security and privacy are both important to protecting translation query builder, or Google's synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • AI and Patents
    SEPTEMBER 2020 Patents and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer CSET Data Brief AUTHORS Patrick Thomas Dewey Murdick Executive Summary This data brief informs policymaker audiences who desire to understand how they might use patent data in planning for the quickly advancing impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Such data can provide policymakers with insights into which areas of AI are rapidly developing, which countries are especially active in AI research, and which organizations are responsible for key AI inventions. In this primer, we report analytic results on worldwide trends in AI patenting and suggest options for how these results might be interpreted and leveraged. Key findings presented in this primer include: • There were 10 times as many AI patent applications published worldwide in 2019 as in 2013, most of which have yet to be examined. • Patent applications increased by 500 percent from 2009 to 2019 within the Chinese patent office—90 percent were domestic applications. The U.S. patent office has seen a 35 percent increase in applications during the same time, 48 percent of which were domestic. • While the quality of Chinese patents has been repeatedly called into question, there are signs that the situation may be improving. • Large companies—notably IBM, Microsoft, and Google—dominate AI patenting among U.S. organizations. Meanwhile, Chinese AI patenting is distributed much more broadly across companies (e.g., Ping An, Baidu, Tencent), government organizations (e.g. State Grid), and universities (e.g., Electronic Sci/Tech, Zhejiang, Xidian). • China focuses AI patenting on Computer Vision, Japan on Control Systems, and Korea on Speech Processing. The United States is more evenly distributed across research fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Samad Colostate 0053A 16203.Pdf (961.6Kb)
    DISSERTATION PATENTS, KNOWLEDGE CREATION, AND SPILLOVERS IN GENETICS FOR AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Submitted by Ghulam Samad Graduate Degree Program in Ecology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2020 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Gregory D. Graff Keith E Maskus Stephan Weiler Mevin Hooten Copyright by Ghulam Samad 2020 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT PATENTS, KNOWLEDGE CREATION, AND SPILLOVERS IN GENETICS FOR AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Increasing food, energy, and resource demand by growing global population is putting unprecedented pressure on agriculture and natural resource systems. Innovation in agriculture, energy, and other resource intensive industries contributes enormously to productivity and sustainability gains. Innovation in genetic resources and biological systems is a particularly promising yet controversial area of such innovation. Generally, it has been observed that regional clustering (economies of agglomeration) plays an important role in driving innovation. To what extent do we observe regional clustering to play a role in innovation in these industries? Especially given that production is highly diffused geographically, and research and technology are seen as highly globalized (global public goods vs. global monopolies by MNCs). The overarching questions address by this study are the following: (1) What do patents reveal about geographic patterns of knowledge creation and spillovers? (2) What economic
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Equivalents Database User Manual
    Patent Equivalents Database User Manual 1. Introduction 2. Public availability 3. Text Entries 3.1. Lines description 3.1.1. The FAMN (Family Number) line: 3.1.2. The PR (PRiority) line: 3.1.3. The PN (Publication Number) line (PN=1): 3.1.4. The PE (Patent Equivalent) line (PE≥1) 3.1.4.1. PE* lines: 3.1.4.2. PE lines (with no asterisk): 3.1.5. The SL* (Subsequent Level) line 3.1.6. The IC (International Classification) line 3.1.7. The EC (European Classification) line 3.2. A Text entry example 4. HTML Entries 4.1. Priority Information 4.2. Patent equivalents Table 4.3. EPO classification 4.4. International Classification 1. Introduction In patents a priority right is a time-limited right (12 months for patents), triggered by the first filing of an application for a patent ("priority date" or "effective date of filing"). The priority right belongs to the applicant and allows him to file a subsequent application in another country for the same invention and benefit, from the same priority date and right, by 'claiming the priority' of the first application. The Priority right gives rise to "Simple Patent Families": If there are several applications or publications for an individual invention (in other countries), claiming exactly the same priority or priorities, we talk about a “Simple patent family”. All of these “family members” or "family equivalents" are related to one another by common priority numbers with associated priority dates. However, deeper analysis of certain patent documents might lead to declare specific priorities as "non-active".
    [Show full text]
  • Insight Into Different Types of Patent Families
    OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2010/02 Insight into Different Types Catalina Martinez of Patent Families https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kml97dr6ptl-en Unclassified DSTI/DOC(2010)2 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 12-Feb-2010 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English text only DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY Unclassified DSTI/DOC(2010)2 INSIGHT INTO DIFFERENT TYPES OF PATENT FAMILIES STI WORKING PAPER 2010/2 Statistical Analysis of Science, Technology and Industry By Catalina Martinez CSIC – Institute of Public Goods and Policies, Madrid English text only JT03278654 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/DOC(2010)2 STI Working Paper Series The Working Paper series of the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry is designed to make available to a wider readership selected studies prepared by staff in the Directorate or by outside consultants working on OECD projects. The papers included in the series cover a broad range of issues, of both a technical and policy-analytical nature, in the areas of work of the DSTI. The Working Papers are generally available only in their original language – English or French – with a summary in the other. Comments on the papers are invited, and should be sent to the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. The opinions expressed in these papers are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries.
    [Show full text]