Urban Stars London 10 1.3 Urban Stars West Midlands 11 1.4 Urban Stars South Gloucestershire 11
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URBAN Sport,STAR crime preventionS and community action 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 THE PROJECT 9 1.2 URBAN STARS LONDON 10 1.3 URBAN STARS WEST MIDLANDS 11 1.4 URBAN STARS SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE 11 2.0 THE RESEARCH 12 2.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 13 2.2 THE RESEARCH APPROACH 13 2.3 DATA ANALYSIS 15 3.0 PROJECT REACH 16 3.1 URBAN STARS LONDON 17 3.2 URBAN STARS WEST MIDLANDS 18 3.3 URBAN STARS SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE 20 4.0 SPORT, YOUTH AND SOCIAL CHANGE: AN OVERVIEW 24 4.1 SPORT AND SOCIAL CHANGE 25 4.2 SPORT AND YOUTH CRIME 26 5.0 PROJECT FINDINGS 28 5.1 URBAN STARS LONDON 29 5.1.1 FOOTBALL: A HOOK FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT? 29 5.1.2 FOOTBALL and ‘COLLECTIVE SPIRIT’: BRINGING PEOPLE TOGETHER? 31 5.1.3 FOOTBALL AND LIFE SKILLS 32 5.1.4 ROLE MODELS AND MENTORS 33 5.1.5 FOOTBALL AND SOCIAL IMPACT 34 5.1.6 FOOTBALL AND PARTNERSHIP 39 5.2 URBAN STARS WEST MIDLANDS 41 5.2.1 BOXING AS A CONSTRUCTIVE USE OF TIME 41 5.2.2 BOXING AND MASCULINE MYTHS 42 5.2.3 BOXING AND DISCIPLINE 43 5.2.4 ROLE MODELS AND MENTORS 43 5.2.5 BOXING AND SOCIAL IMPACT 46 5.2.6 BOXING AND PARTNERSHIP 50 5.3 URBAN STARS SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE (ASHFIELD HMP AND YOI) 53 5.3.1 PERSONAL MOTIVATIONS FOR SPORT 53 5.3.2 ROLE MODELS AND MENTORS 57 5.3.3 SPORT AND SOCIAL IMPACT 59 5.3.4 SPORT AND PARTNERSHIP 62 5.3.5 EVERYONE DESERVES a ‘2nd Chance’ 64 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 66 6.1 URBAN STARS AND ACTIVE COMMUNITIES NETWORK 67 6.2 THE ROLE OF SPORT 67 6.3 WORKFORCE, TRAINING AND PARTNERS 68 6.4 ROLE MODELS AND MENTORS 69 6.5 PARTNERSHIP WORKING IN PRACTICE 70 6.6 ORGANISATIONAL SKILLS AND ONWARD PROGRESSION PATHWAYS 72 6.7 COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING 72 6.8 EVIDENCE IN SUCCESS 73 6.9 NuRTURING ‘yoUTh voice’ 74 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 76 REFERENCES 78 4 5 FOREWORD A MESSAGE FROM ACTIVE COMMUNITIES NETWORK The research in this report provides clear evidence that sport is effective in engaging vulnerable and marginalised young people, that it tackles youth crime and reduces re-offending rates. Urban Stars commenced with three pilot projects in London, the West Midlands and South Gloucestershire and has expanded with projects in Manchester, Belfast, Bristol and Glasgow with the assistance of the St. James’ Place Foundation. Professor Andrew Parker and his team from the University of Gloucestershire conducted an 18 month research study into the pilot projects and their findings reinforce my view that the key to engaging these targeted individuals is through a focussed network of experienced individual role models and mentors combined with respected organisations ‘on the ground’ delivering who understand the area and young people engaged. Active Communities Network has a commitment to research and evaluation, sharing best practice and working with strategic, funding and like-minded delivery agencies. This report highlights how we engage the wider field of sport and community development through strategic and delivery partnerships with organisations to promote the wider network and sport for social change and urban development agenda. Our delivery and management offices are based in Northern Ireland (Belfast), South Africa (Cape Town) and our headquarters in the United Kingdom (London), alongside satellite offices in Manchester and the Midlands. Our delivery of grassroots activities continue to use the mediums of sport, physical activity, arts and cultural activity to deliver and promote direct personal, social and community development to support young people and communities across the UK and overseas. This report adds to the conversation surrounding the ‘Sport for Urban Development’ movement which has the long-term aim of influencing decision makers and those at the very top of Government in effecting policy change. Sporting legend Edwin Moses, who is also the Chairman of the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation – a partner in Urban Stars, describes the programme in his foreword as “an innovative, excellent project”, and I agree wholeheartedly. Read the report and recommendations, then join in and continue the conversation with us. GARY STANNETT MBE CEO ACTIVE COMMUNITIES NETWORK 6 7 Laureus has ambitions to make sport for development an approach that every MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN policy maker and government sees as a vital tool in addressing the most pressing issues we face. And this is why the work and impact of Urban Stars Sport is an amazing draw and inspiration for so many people around the is so important. Over and above the real and measured change for young world. The recent Olympics and Paralympics in London were a reminder of people and communities across the UK it is delivering, the project has led to just how powerful sport can be. But all too often sport is seen as being about the creation of the first accredited qualification in the use of sport as a crime winning at all costs. An issue that, as newly appointed Chair to the U.S. Anti- prevention tool enabling us to share innovation and learning more broadly Doping Agency, I and the world sporting community must now deal with in a with grassroots sports organisations in the UK and beyond. very real way as we try to come to terms with the doping crisis gripping the world of cycling. However, growing the impact and reach of sport as a development tool can only be done with others. This is why we are proud of our partnerships with And it is for that very reason that we need to remind ourselves of the Active Communities Network, and so thankful to the critical role St James’s broader value of sport beyond the endless drive to be the best in the world – Place Foundation has played in the subsequent extension of the Urban Stars the going to any length to succeed. Sure winning is important. I wouldn’t be Programme. It’s support and funds are vital to the project and has allowed it to the man I am today if I hadn’t won the many races in which I ran. now grow to seven locations across the UK. But all too often we get blinded by the fact that sport is only about winning. As we continue to shine a light on exactly how sport is changing the lives In reality sport is about far more than just winning. of young people and communities worldwide, we hope more governments and other funders will invest in sport as a multi-dimensional tool for social I firmly believe that sport’s impact reaches far beyond the elation of standing change – helping make sport about winning in life and not just getting onto on the podium. Sport has the potential to address some of the most pressing the podium. global challenges and social issues we face. Whether it is poverty and violent crime or drug abuse and discrimination, sport can make a real and lasting We hope you enjoy reading the report and would love to hear your comments difference. on how we can continue to move this agenda forward. You can contact us on [email protected] This is what drives me to continue to be involved in sport beyond my professional career. Through my work with Laureus over the last 13 years I EDWIN MOSES have seen first-hand how sport can, and continues to, change lives. CHAIRMAN OF THE LauREUS SPORT FOR GOOD FOUNDATION And Urban Stars, on which this report focuses, is just one example of the excellent projects that Laureus supports around the world. Delivered in partnership with our strategic partners at Active Communities Network ,this innovative sports based crime prevention project is one that we, at Laureus, are not only proud to have supported since its inception in 2009, but are delighted to see demonstrating its value and growing impact. This report is further evidence to my conviction that sport is an excellent tool to deliver real and lasting social change for young people. It shows how it can be used to target young people that are vulnerable and at risk. It not only helps these young people as individuals by giving them key life skills such as resilience, confidence and empathy. It also benefits us all by developing individuals that will become a value to society and not a burden. What the Urban Stars projects in this report shows is clear evidence that sport can be effective not only in engaging marginalised young people, but in tackling youth crime and reducing re-offending. The evidence for the impact of sport may be clear and growing in awareness, but we still have a job to do in bringing key opinion formers and policy makers on board helping them see the multi-dimensional value of sport. 8 9 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ThE PROJECT The aim of the Urban Stars initiative is to use sport to engage young people who are identified as marginalised from mainstream society, as well as those deemed to be ‘vulnerable’ because of their exclusion, or categorised as being ‘at risk’ of further exclusion. This report is the result of an 18-month research project exploring how the Urban Stars initiative seeks to achieve this aim with young people who are: (i) living in areas of high social deprivation and crime; (ii) on the periphery of crime; or (iii) already in custody. Throughout the report, the term ‘vulnerable’ is used to depict young people living in some of England’s most deprived regions.