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Entoloma Virescens

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Entoloma Virescens Check List 8(3): 577-580, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Entoloma virescens ISTRIBUTIO Caatinga biome, Ceará, (Sacc.) Brazil E. Horak ex Courtec., 1986 D (Agaricales: Entolomataceae): The first record for the * RAPHIC Maria Helena Alves and Cristiano Coelho do Nascimento G EO G Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Parnaíba. Avenida São Sebastião, 2819. CEP 64202-020. Parnaíba, PI, Brazil. N * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] O OTES N Abstract: Entoloma virescens , a rare mushroom with deep blue coloring and cuboid spores, is recorded for the first time in the Caatinga biome in Brazil. The relevance of this finding is that such area is characterized by an atypical environment for the occurrence of species normally considered from temperate and humid tropical regions. The record is fully described and illustrated. Also, a brief analysis of taxonomical features and geographical distribution of the taxon are included. The Kotl. and Pouzar family Entolomataceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) a.s.l.; it is irrigated by a number of water courses and is to arctic habitats is(Largent very rich 1994; in species, Noordeloos comprising and Gates over April.characterized by warm sub-humid climate with a rainy 2007;1500 recognizedNoordeloos taxa and that Hausknecht occur worldwide 2007; Noordeloos from tropical and season occurring between the months of January and Gates 2009). According to Co-David et al. (2009) semiaridIn terms climate, of physiognomic within which attributes,the highest the percentage region is anof Clitopilus area of vegetation types associated with the warm tropical Rabenh.) P. Kumm., Rhodocybe Maire and Entoloma this family (Fr.) Figueiredo 1986; Fernandes and traditionallyP. Kumm. sensu contains lato. threeThough main these genera: authors commented (Fr. ex Bezerracoverage 1999) is represented. by the open shrubby Caatinga and denseField shrubby collections Caatinga took ( place in March 2011. Specimens were collected, documented and preserved using secondthat the largest latter genus genus is within a monophyletic the Agaricales. group that has high standard methods (Largent et al. 1986). The material diversityThe genus in morphological Entoloma features and is considered the a worldwide scale (Noordeloos 1980, 1981; Manimohan et al. 2006; Noordelooshas and been Gates studied 2007; by Noordeloos Noordeloos on was photographed in the field using a digital camera and and Hausknecht 2007; Noordeloos and Gates 2009; extensive notes on the basidioma were made before drying. Noordeloos and Morozova 2010). However, data are still MicroscopicAll measurements analysis of and the colors material reported was performed for microscopic using an Olympus BX41 microscope. South America, in Tolacking date, on few occurrence species have and been distribution reported of many species in +features blue cotton, were made3% KOHfrom or dried Melzer’s material reagent. rehydrated At least, in Entoloma are particular recognized from (Putzke the Brazilian and Putzke territory. 2000). 2596% measurements ethanol followed were by madedistilled of water,each microstructure.distilled water and only about 56 taxa of Agaricales are view and the apiculus was not considered. Spore statistics In the Northeast region, this number drops dramatically Measurements of cuboid spores were made in profile m) of basidiospore lengths since the majority of taxonomicEntoloma studies have been on described for and widths ± standard deviation measured for n objects; theconcentrated Brazilian Northeastin the south (Singer and southeast1965; 1973; of Horakthe country. 1977; include arithmetic means (x 1982;Hence, Wartchow very few taxa 2006). of indicated as a range variation in n objects measured; the Entoloma virescens, meanquotient of E-valuesof basidiospore (Q) ± standard length deviations. by spore Thewidth sample (E) a rare mushroom with strong blue color and cuboid spores,The whichpresent is study deals with biome of Brazil. The latter area size (n) = total number of basidiospores measured (x) environment forrecorded the occurrence for the first of timethe species, in the Caatinga which, 2011).divided by the number of basidiomata studied (y), as is considered an atypical shownDigitized in the microphotographs formula n = x/y were(Largent taken and using Abell-Davis a camera forested areas of temperate and humid tropical regions. attached to a compound light microscope. The material to theThe best specimen of our knowledge,under consideration has only been was recorded collected in in the area of Bom Gosto, features with previous studies of Romagnesi (1941), Horakwas identified (1976), Pegler by comparing (1986), Noordeloos macro and and microscopicHausknecht Fortaleza.during forays The area has an average elevationPacujá municipality, of 160 m (2007) and Largent and Abell-Davis (2011). In addition, Ceará state, approximately 248 km from the capital 577 Alves and Nascimento | Entoloma virescens in the Caatinga biome __ __ et al. (2008) was followed. The Basidiospores 9.75 m = 11.72 ± documented material has been deposited at the Herbarium __1.16 (-1.65); Q = 1.06 ± 0.136; Grazielathe terminology Barroso of(TEPB) Kirk of the Universidade Federal do 13.75 x 9.75 12.5 µm (x Piauí (UFPI). 1.16 x 11.29 ± 0.84; E = 0.90 Description of Material Collected - Entoloma virescens n = 30/2), cuboid, with four regular to irregularBasidia angles32__50 in× 14profile__ or side views, slightly yellowish in 3% KOH, with Agaricus virescens Berk. and M.A. Curtis, Proc. Amer. granular,a slightly withthickened, brownish stramineous to stramineous wall. vacuolar contents. Acad.(Sacc.) Arts E. Horak 4: 116. ex 1860, Courtec., nom. Mycotaxon Illegit. (non 27: Schaeff. 131. 1986. 1774); (= Lamelar18 µm, edge 4-spored, clavate to subcylindrical, thin-walled, = Inocephalus virescens (Sacc.) Largent and Abell-Davis, present. Pseudocystidia of tramal origin, sinuous, Inopilus virescens (Sacc.) constricted-lobed with, rounded pseudocystidia , thin-walled, and cheilocystidia present Pegler, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 12: 268.1986; = Leptonia at the edges and sides of the lamellae, 6__9.2 µmslightly diam. virescensMycotaxon 116: 232. 2011; = 1887). Figure 1 and 2. Cheilocystidia 28__55.5 × 11__apex Pileus 3.0__4.5 cm diam., 3.5__ Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 714. thin-walled. Hymenophoral trama16.75 regular,µm, cylindro-clavate, composed of 4.5 cm high, conic-convex yellowish in 3% KOH with golden brown vacuolar contents,__12.5 with a papillate umbo, then occasionally depressed at µm diam., with brownish vacuolar contents; abundant center; slightly hygrophanous, translucently striate when cylindrical, hyaline,Subhymenial thin-walled, layer inflated large, hyphae, 62.5__ 100 6 µm moist, becoming fibrillose near the wavy margin; surface at Pileipellis a cutis greenishfirst deep in blue place becoming when pressed, greenish-blue cut or tobruised. entirely Lamellae grayish- vascular hyphae. __13.5 µm diam., green when mature or drying, and staining yellow-blue withwide, abundant with abundant stramineous vascular intracellular hyphae. granules. Clamp ofconnections hyaline, cylindrical, common repent in all hyphae,tissues. Habit5.75 and habitat: adnexed, moderately spaced, with lamellulae of three lengths, ventricose, dullStipe blue 4.5 becoming__5.5 cm × a5 yellowish-green__7 mm, central, or greenish-blue on exposure or handling; margin smooth season.Solitary Material or disperse examined growing: BRAZIL on the. Cearásoil in State shady: Pacujá, area, hollowto slightly, glabrous, serrated. ; concolorous with the collected in open shrubby Caatinga zone during the rainy confluentpileus, with with white the basal pileus, fragile,. Context cylindrical, thin, flattened, dull blue slightly striated Community of Bom Gosto, 16-III-2011, collectors: Alves, mycelium Odor distinct but M. H and Nascimento,E. C.virescens C. 072/11 can (TEPB) (02°55’49.5” S; becoming darkTaste green unknown. on exposure or drying, consisting following41°40’34.1” combination W; Elev. 140 of m characters:a.s.l.). basidioma a of hyaline, thin-walled, inflated hyphae. Morphologically be recognized by the unidentifiable. t first A B C D Figure 1. Entoloma virescens. A and B: Basidioma; C: Basidium and basidioles; D: Basidiospores. Bars: A and B = 10 mm; C and D = 10 µm. Photos A and B: Maria Helena Alves; C and D: Cristiano Coelho do Nascimento. 578 Alves and Nascimento | Entoloma virescens in the Caatinga biome the E. holocyaneum (Romagn.) Noordel. and Co-David. A Horakbasionym (1976) of consideredthe new combination R. holocyaneus together with C E. hochstetteri (Reichardt) G. Stev. as well as E. aeruginosum A. virescens from the Bonin Islands, proposing a new Hiroë (species found in Japan) as being conspecific with B combination: E. virescens (Berk. and M.A Curt.) E. Horak, but Coutecuisse (1986) validated the combination. However, without referring the full citation of the basionym. Later, the epithet ‘virescens (LargentBerkeley and CurtisAbell-Davis authority 2011). is an Romagnesi illegitimate (1941), name since who ’was already used by Schaffer in 1774 E D emphasizes that A. virescens has a conical pileus, differing studied the type collection preserved at Kew Herbarium fromHongo the center-depressed (1990), differing frompileus Horak that is(1976), specified prefers in the to considerdiagnosis E.of hochstetteriBerkeley and and Curtis. E. aeruginosum as separate due to the differences in the spore size and shape
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