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2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey Collecting Subtidal Biodiversity Data Using Scuba in Canada’s Arctic Final Report July - August 2018 Cambridge Bay and the Eastern High Arctic Nunavut, Canada Ocean Wise Conservation Association Jeremy Heywood, Laura Borden, Jessica Schultz, Danny Kent, Mackenzie Neale, Christine Martinello, Boaz Hung, Justin Lisaingo REPORT WRITTEN BY Jeremy Heywood , Laura Borden, Jessica Schultz, Danny Kent, Mackenzie Neale, Christine Martinello, Boaz Hung, Justin Lisaingo CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Donna Gibbs, Eric Solomon and Ross Whippo PHOTOS BY Ocean Wise Conservation Association except where noted April 2019 OCEAN WISE CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION PO Box 3232 Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 3X8 ocean.org 1 [email protected] 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Introduction . 2 Objectives . 3 Cambridge Bay Goals . 3 Eastern High Arctic Goals . 4 Ocean Wise Conservation Association . 5 Teams, Diving Details and Equipment . 5 Cambridge Bay Team . 6 Eastern High Arctic Team . 6 Dive Planning and Equipment . 7 Cameras . 8 Methods . 9 Roving Diver Biodiversity Surveys . 9 Transect Surveys (Cambridge Bay only) . 9 ARMS (Cambridge Bay only) . 10 DNA Barcoding Sample Collection . 11 Specimen Collection . 12 Physical Water Quality Parameters . 13 Cambridge Bay . 14 Results and Discussion . 14 Dives . 14 Transect Surveys . 14 ARMS . 16 Roving Diver Biodiversity Surveys . 16 DNA Barcoding Sample Collection . 18 Physical Water Quality Parameters . 18 Community Engagement . 21 Eastern High Arctic . 22 Results and Discussion . 22 Dives . 22 Roving Diver Biodiversity Surveys . 23 DNA Barcoding Sample Collection . 25 Physical Water Quality Parameters . 25 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Community and One Ocean Expedition Passenger Engagement . 26 Pilot Project Success . 27 Next Steps . 28 Support . 29 W. Garfi eld Weston Foundation . 29 One Ocean Expeditions . 29 Polar Knowledge Canada . 30 Acknowledgements . 31 Appendix A - Location of Study Sites: Cambridge Bay . 32 Appendix B - Location of Study Sites: Eastern High Arctic . 33 Appendix C - Live Specimen Holding: Cambridge Bay . 34 Appendix D - Live Specimen Holding: Eastern High Arctic . 36 Appendix E - Cambridge Bay: Species Observed - Transect Dives . 38 Appendix F - Cambridge Bay: Species Observed by Site - Biodiversity Survey Dives . 39 Appendix G - Eastern High Arctic: Species Observed by Site - Biodiversity Survey Dives . 52 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Introduction Reliable baseline data and ongoing monitoring are essential for developing a full understanding of the changes wrought by climate change and increasing human activity in Canada’s Arctic. The nearshore is a key part of the larger marine ecosystem; it is where most direct human activity takes place. There have been, however, very few surveys of nearshore marine fl ora and fauna in the Canadian Arctic. This project continues to address this signifi cant gap by establishing baseline biodiversity data and initiating long-term monitoring of marine nearshore ecosystems at key areas in Canada’s Arctic. Since 2014, the Ocean Wise Conservation Association has surveyed dozens of sites in the region around Cambridge Bay, using scuba to collect data on habitat type and species biodiversity. The 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey (NES) continues this work, and expands its range into the Eastern High Arctic through a partnership with One Ocean Expeditions . Devon Island, Nunavut 2 oneoceanexpeditions.com PAGE 2 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Objectives Building on the data gathered from previous biodiversity survey efforts, the Ocean Wise NES team set the following goals for the 2018 project: Cambridge Bay Goals 1. Track and monitor changes in the abundance of key taxonomic groups of fi sh, invertebrates and algae by conducting transect surveys. 2. Catalogue the overall diversity of subtidal fi sh, invertebrates and algae by conducting roving diver biodiversity surveys, collecting specimens and taking photo and video reference images. 3. Contribute to the Barcode of Life³ by collecting samples for DNA barcoding. 4. Monitor and document physical and chemical ocean conditions. 5. Host a town meeting to discuss the project and solicit feedback from Cambridge Bay residents. 6. Collaborate with scientifi c divers from the Smithsonian Institution’s MarineGEO coastal ecosystem monitoring project with the following aims: • Establish Cambridge Bay as the fi rst polar partner site of the MarineGEO Program. • Conduct standardized Reef Life Survey5 (RLS) biodiversity surveys as part of a global effort to track coastal health. • Deploy Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures6(ARMS) to collect cryptic biodiversity and samples for DNA census. Ocean Wise diver with MarineGEO toque 3 Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Ontario. boldsystems.org 4 marinegeo.si.edu 5 reefl ifesurvey.com 6 oceanarms.org PAGE 3 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Eastern High Arctic Goals 1. Catalogue the diversity of subtidal fi sh, invertebrates and algae by conducting roving diver biodiversity surveys, collecting specimens and taking photo and video reference images at previously unexplored sites in the Eastern High Arctic. 2. Contribute to the Barcode of Life by collecting samples for DNA barcoding. 3. Monitor and document ocean temperature using a diver-carried temperature logger. 4. Provide One Ocean Expedition passengers and local community members with opportunity to learn about Arctic subtidal marine ecology. 5. Determine the effectiveness of conducting scientifi c diving operations using an expedition tourism ship as a base of operations. MV Akademik Ioffe at Pond Inlet, Nunavut PAGE 4 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Ocean Wise Conservation Association The Ocean Wise Conservation Association (OWCA) launched in June 2017 as a new global ocean conservation organization focused on protecting and restoring our world’s oceans. Building on the roots of the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, which started as a community-based not- for-profi t organization, Ocean Wise aims to inspire people in every corner of the planet to participate in creating healthy oceans. The Vancouver Aquarium, an Ocean Wise initiative, has been involved in operations in the Canadian Arctic since 1974, and maintains a collection of living Arctic marine specimens for propagation, research and public display. Teams, Diving Details and Equipment Two Ocean Wise scientifi c dive teams participated the 2018 NES project, each spending ten days in Nunavut in July and August 2018. All Ocean Wise divers are experienced scientifi c divers and are qualifi ed to the Canadian Association for Underwater Science Scientifi c Diver Level II rating, as defi ned by the Canadian Association for Underwater Science Standard of Practice for Scientifi c Diving. All divers also hold a Transport Canada SVOP Certifi cate. Both teams contained a mix of divers with previous Arctic diving experience, (including multi-year experience diving around Cambridge Bay) and those new to Arctic diving. Various team members contributed additional expertise in areas such as data collection and analysis, specimen life support, public engagement, logistics and planning and digital image gathering. Dive team roles are gender non-specifi c and fi lled by the diver with the most appropriate skill set. Ocean Wise diver Christine Martinello at Port Leopold, Nunavut 7 ocean.org 8 caus.ca PAGE 5 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Cambridge Bay Team The Cambridge Bay Team, consisting of research divers Mackenzie Neale (Operations Lead), Jessica Schultz (Science Lead), Justin Lisaingo and Boaz Hung were in Cambridge Bay from July 24 to August 3. Smithsonian Institution Marine GEO scientifi c divers Ross Whippo and Alex Lowe joined the Ocean Wise team under a reciprocity agreement to collaborate on areas of shared interest. Ugyuk at Cambridge Bay, Nunavut Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) provided accommodations at the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) in Cambridge Bay. Divers used a locally-rented 4-wheel drive vehicle to access shore dives and hired Cambridge Bay resident John Lyall Jr. as boat operator and guide. Lyall’s boat, Ugyuk, is a sturdy aluminum, open- deck 8m skiff. It can maintain a speed of approximately 40 km/hour in good weather conditions. However, vessel speed could be greatly reduced if weather or sea conditions were unfavourable. The boat was loaded and unloaded at the beach adjacent to the Cambridge Bay dock. Boat dives were conducted from a live boat. Eastern High Arctic Team In partnership with One Ocean Expeditions (OOE), the Eastern High Arctic Team, consisting of research divers Jeremy Heywood (Operations Lead), Danny Kent (Science Lead), Christine Martinello and Laura Borden, travelled aboard the MV Akademik Ioffe in the eastern high Arctic from August 14 to 23 and conducted biodiversity surveys and specimen collections at opportune locations on the ship’s itinerary. PAGE 6 2018 Nearshore Ecological Survey FINAL REPORT Divers used a 12’ Zodiac Mark 4 rigid-hull infl atable boat provided by OOE. The Zodiac was stowed on-deck aboard the MV Akademik Ioffe when not in use, and hoisted into the water as required. OOE also provided a staff member to act a boat driver and guide. All dives were boat dives, and conducted from a live boat. Accommodation and meals were provided by OOE aboard the MV Akademik Ioffe. Ocean Wise dive team at Grise Fjord, Nunavut
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