Implementation Plan for the Lake St. Croix Nutrient Total Maximum Daily Load
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Implementation Plan for the Lake St. Croix Nutrient Total Maximum Daily Load Prepared for: The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency in cooperation with The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and The St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team Original October 2012, Revised February 2013 This page is blank to facilitate double sided printing. Implementation Plan for Lake St. Croix Original October 2012, Revised February 2013 Nutrient TMDL Implementation Plan for Lake St. Croix Nutrient Total Maximum Daily Load October 2012 Key Contributors: · Minnesota Pollution Control Agency · Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources · St. Croix Basin Water Resources Planning Team (Basin Team) · Metropolitan Council Environmental Services · Minnesota Science Museum, St. Croix Watershed Research Station · Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources · Aitkin County Soil and Water Conservation District, Aitkin County, MN · Anoka Conservation District, Anoka County, MN · Barron County Soil and Water Conservation Department, Barron County, WI · Burnett County Land and Water Conservation Department, Burnett County, WI · Carlton County Soil and Water Conservation District, Carlton County, MN · Chisago Soil and Water Conservation District, Chisago County, MN · Chisago County, MN · Douglas Land Conservation Department, Douglas County, WI · Isanti Conservation District, Isanti County, MN · Kanabec Soil and Water Conservation District, Kanabec County, MN · Mille Lacs Soil and Water Conservation District, Mille Lacs County, MN · Pierce County Land Conservation Department, Pierce County, WI · Pine County Soil and Water Conservation District, Pine County, MN · Polk County Land and Water Resources Department, Polk County, WI · Ramsey County Soil and Water Conservation District, Ramsey County, MN · Sawyer County Land and Water Conservation Department, Sawyer County, WI · St. Croix County Land and Water Conservation Department, St. Croix County, WI · Washburn County Land and Water Conservation Department, Washburn County, WI · Washington Conservation District, Washington County, MN · University of Wisconsin Extension · University of Minnesota Extension · St. Croix River Association · National Park Service (US Department of the Interior) Page iii Implementation Plan for Lake St. Croix Original October 2012, Revised February 2013 Nutrient TMDL Prepared at: LimnoTech Central Regional Office 2217 Vine Street Hudson, WI 54016 Page iv Implementation Plan for Lake St. Croix Original October 2012, Revised February 2013 Nutrient TMDL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 THE IMPACT OF TOO MUCH PHOSPHORUS IN LAKE ST. CROIX .............................................................. 1 THE PURPOSE OF THIS IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ................................................................................... 1 2.0. TMDL OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 3 WATER QUALITY GOALS FOR LAKE ST. CROIX ........................................................................................ 3 ALLOWABLE PHOSPHORUS LOADS TO LAKE ST. CROIX .......................................................................... 3 SOURCES OF PHOPHORUS IN THE BASIN ............................................................................................... 6 BASELINE PHOSPHORUS LOADS AND REQUIRED REDUCTIONS ............................................................. 7 3.0. PHOSPHORUS REDUCTION STRATEGIES .................................................................... 11 POINT SOURCES .................................................................................................................................... 11 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS ....................................................................................................... 11 MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS (MS4S)........................................................................... 12 CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL RUNOFF .............................................................................................. 14 CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS ...................................................................................... 14 NONPOINT SOURCES ............................................................................................................................ 16 SHORELINE/RIPARIAN LANDOWNERS ..................................................................................................... 16 AGRICULTURE .................................................................................................................................... 17 FORESTRY .......................................................................................................................................... 19 URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTIAL RUNOFF – NON-MS4 ........................................................................... 20 WATER RESOURCE EDUCATION ........................................................................................................... 22 EDUCATION AND OUTREACH IN THE ST. CROIX BASIN ............................................................................... 23 TARGETING CRITICAL SOURCE AREAS FOR IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS ............................................. 24 4.0. CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AS A KEY STRATEGY FOR RESTORING AND PROTECTING LAKE ST. CROIX ............................................................................................................................ 25 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING CLEAN WATER? ...................................................................... 26 GROUNDING CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ............................................................... 27 ST. CROIX CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY – THE NEW APPROACH ..................................................... 27 BASIN TEAM CIVIC ENGAGEMENT GOAL ................................................................................................. 27 OPERATING PRINCIPLES ....................................................................................................................... 27 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR BETTER ENGAGEMENT .......................................................................... 28 SHORT-TERM CIVIC ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY ......................................................................................... 30 BASIN TEAM’S LONG TERM STRATEGY ................................................................................................... 32 EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE TRACKING .......................................................................................... 32 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................... 33 5.0. IMPLEMENTATION ON A COUNTY BASIS ................................................................... 35 6.0. MONITORING, TRACKING, AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ....................................... 37 WATER QUALITY MONITORING ............................................................................................................ 37 IMPLEMENTATION TRACKING .............................................................................................................. 39 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................. 40 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................ 41 CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN THE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 41 Page v Implementation Plan for Lake St. Croix Original October 2012, Revised February 2013 Nutrient TMDL LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Lake St. Croix Implementation Plan Components ........................................................... 2 Figure 2. Lake St. Croix Location and Pools .................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. St. Croix River Basin ......................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4. St. Croix Basin Land Use Summary .................................................................................. 7 Figure 5. Loading and Load Reduction Summary ........................................................................... 9 Figure 6. Load Reduction by Source ............................................................................................... 9 Figure 7. Phosphorus Reduction Potential for Agricultural BMPs. ............................................... 18 Figure 8. Civic Governance in the St. Croix River Basin ................................................................ 28 Figure 9. County Phosphorus Loads and Reduction Goals ........................................................... 36 Figure 10. Implementation Adaptive Management Framework .................................................. 40 Figure 11. Example Adaptive Performance Assessment Process ................................................. 41 Figure 12. Civic Engagement in the Adaptive Management Framework ..................................... 42 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Lake St. Croix Water Quality Standard .............................................................................. 3 Table 2. Lake St. Croix TMDL Equation ..........................................................................................