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Select Zoonotic Diseases of Companion Animals Wall Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals Animal Impact = Species with Zoonotic Potential Disease Dogs Cats Birds Ferrets Rabbits Rodents Other Incubation Period Prominent Clinical Signs BACTERIA Brucellosis variable Abortions; stillborn or weak newborns; retained placentas; Brucella canis placentitis; orchitis; epididymitis; arthritis; lameness Campylobacteriosis cattle, goats, mink, 3-25 Mucoid, watery, or blood-flecked diarrhea in many species; pigs non-human days Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus, Hamsters: “wet tail”; may be fatal in newly hatched chicks; C. coli primates, sheep asymptomatic carriers common Cat Scratch Fever bobcats, cheetahs, 2-16 No natural occurring disease reported; research studies have Bartonella henselae cougars, panthers days produced; fever; lethargy; anorexia; myalgia; lymphadenopathy; transient behavioral and neurological dysfunction Chlamydiosis (mammals) cattle, deer, goats, 3-10 days Cats: fever; conjunctivitis; ocular discharge; corneal ulcers; rhinitis Chlamydophila abortus, C. felis llamas, sheep in cats; others vary Ehrlichiosis cattle, sheep, horses, 1-20 Dogs: fever; lethargy; anorexia; petechiae; lameness; edema in hind Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, llamas, foxes, coyotes, days legs; Dogs: may develop bleeding disorders Anaplasma non-human primates, wild ruminants Leptospirosis cattle, goats, horses, 4-12 Dogs: variable; hemorrhagic syndromes; kidney disease Leptospira species pigs, , sea lions, seals, days sheep Lyme Disease deer, horses, 2-5 Dogs: lameness; arthritis; Horses: lameness; arthritis; encephalitis; Borrelia burgdorferi opossums, raccoons months uveitis; dermatitis; edema of the limbs; abortion Plague prairie dogs, rock and 1-6 High fever; extremely swollen lymph nodes – “buboes”; severe Yersinia pestis ground squirrels days pneumonia; septicemia Psittacosis love birds, parakeets, 3-10 Nasal and ocular discharges; conjunctivitis; yellow-green droppings; Chlamydophila psittaci parrots days inactivity; ruffled feathers; inappetance; weight loss Q Fever cattle, goats, sheep 1-3 Typically asymptomatic; Cats: subclinical; fever, anorexia, lethargy; Coxiella burnetii weeks abortion; Dogs: subclinical; splenomegaly Rocky Mountain Spotted opossums, rabbits, 2-14 Fever; anorexia; depression; lymphadenopathy; dyspnea; diarrhea; Fever rodents days vomiting; joint or muscle pain; edema of the face or extremities; Rickettsia rickettsii petechiae of oral or ocular membranes; ataxia; paraparesis; seizures; renal failure; coma Salmonellosis reptiles (turtles, variable Clinical disease uncommon; may develop septicemia; anorexia; Salmonella species lizards, snakes); listlessness; osteomyelitis; osteoarthritis; subcutaneous abscesses; amphibians (frogs); death hedgehogs; livestock species (poultry, horses, cattle) Streptococcosis bison, cattle, fish, varies with Mastitis; metritis; placentitis; abortion; septicemia; wound infection; Streptococcus canis, foxes, goats, horses, form polyarthritis; pleuritis; endocarditis; abscesses; pneumonia; S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, non-human primates, meningitis; pyoderma; toxic shock; death; Guinea Pigs: cervical S. iniae, S. suis pigs, sheep lymphadenitis Tularemia aquatic animals, 1-10 Sudden high fever with lethargy and anorexia; stiffness; reduced Francisella tularensis horses, pigs, sheep days mobility; tachycardia; tachypnea; prostration and death; military white necrotic foci of liver, spleen or lymph node Note: This chart provides an overview of some zoonoses of companion animals. Information presented here is not comprehensive, and should not be used to rule out a diagnosis or take the place of veterinary advice. Additional disease information available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/. Table last reviewed January 2021 Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals Page 2 of 2 Animal Impact = Species with Zoonotic Potential Disease Dogs Cats Birds Ferrets Rabbits Rodents Other Incubation Period Prominent Clinical Signs VIRUSES Influenza pigs, horses 1-7 Birds: mild to severe; coughing; sneezing; decreased egg Influenzavirus days production; death; Ferrets: nasal/ocular discharge; sneezing, lethargy, fever, inappetance Rabies any mammal 10 days Restlessness; anorexia or increased appetite; vomiting; fever; ataxia; Lyssavirus to 6 months incoordination; ascending paralysis; increased aggression; death FUNGI Cryptococcosis cattle, sheep, goats, unknown Cats: chronic rhinitis; sinusitis; lymphadenopathy; non-pruritic nodules horses, llamas, foxes, on face; CNS disease; ocular lesions; osteomyelitis; Cryptococcus neoformans mink, non-human Dogs: neurologic disease; Horses: obstructive growths in the nasal cavity primates Dermatophytosis cattle, goats, horses, 2-4 Young animals most susceptible; adults may be asymptomatic; small pigs, sheep circular areas of alopecia; flakey skin; most species non-pruritic Microsporum species, weeks Trichophyton species Sporotrichosis horses, donkeys, mules 1 Cutaneous form most common; disseminated form rare; Sporothrix schenckii month Cats: nodules develop into slow-healing ulcers; suppurative lymphadenitis; Dogs: nodules may or may not be ulcerated PARASITES bats, cattle, felids, fox, Pruritic; secondary pyoderma; depression; anorexia; chronic infection Acariasis (Mange) 10-60 goats, horses, pigs, Numerous species of mites days may lead to hyperkeratotic lesions; fatal infestations may be seen in wild sheep, raccoons animals; Ferrets: pododermatitis; self-mutilation Bayl isas cariasis raccoons, kinkajous 10-20 Dogs, Raccoons: usually asymptomatic; Rodents, Rabbits: neurological *Birds highly Baylisascaris procyonis days signs; circling; torticollis; ataxia; head tremors; progressive weakness; susceptible to disease dysphagia; death Cysticercosis bears, cattle, goats, 10 days Severity of clinical signs depend upon number and location of larvae; Taenia species llamas, non-human to Dogs, Cats: neurological signs primates, sheep, pigs, 6 months wild ruminants Echinococcosis cattle, sheep, goats, unknown Carnivores: asymptomatic; incidental finding of cysts at necropsy; Echinococcus granulosus, horses, pigs, non- Herbivores: can affect liver, abdominal cavity; ascites; hepatomegaly; E. multilocularis human primates dyspnea; diarrhea; vomiting; weight loss; Rodents: fatal within weeks Giardia beavers, cattle, sheep 5-14 Adults: may be asymptomatic; Young: diarrhea or soft stools; poor hair Giardia intestinalis days coat; flatulence; weight loss or failure to gain weight; clinical signs vary depending upon species of animal infected Hookworms 7-20 Disease will vary with parasite burden and age of the animal; severe in Ancylostoma species days puppies; diarrhea; anorexia; emaciation; weakness; poor hair coat; anemia; interdigital dermatitis, death Roundworms 30 days Severe in puppies and kittens; lack of growth; loss of condition; Toxocara species “potbellied”; parasites in vomit and feces; pneumonia; diarrhea Leishmaniasis canids, horses, 3 months Cats: cutaneous form; non-pruritic exfoliative dermatitis around eyes, marsupials, non- ears; Dogs: cutaneous lesions; fever; anemia; lymphadenopathy; weight Leishmania species to human primates years loss; anorexia; ocular lesions; splenomegaly Taeniasis coyotes, fox, lynx, 5-12 weeks Visible passage of proglottids from anus; other signs rare but may non-human primates, Taenia species include unthriftiness; malaise; irritability; decreased appetite; mild wolves diarrhea or colic Toxoplasmosis goats, horses, non- unknown Most infections asymptomatic; human primates, pigs, Toxoplasma gondii Cats: lethargy; persistent fever; anorexia; incoordination; paralysis; retinal sheep detachment; death; Dogs: most asymptomatic Trichuriasis non-human primates, 10-12 days Most cases asymptomatic; mucoid or hemorrhagic diarrhea; weight loss; Trichuris suis, pigs unthriftiness; anemia; death may occur in piglets T. trichiura, T. vulpis Note: This chart provides an overview of some zoonoses of companion animals. Information presented here is not comprehensive, and should not be used to rule out a diagnosis or take the place of veterinary advice. Additional disease information available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/. Table last reviewed January 2021 Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals Human Impact Person-to-Person Vector-Transmitted = Body System Affected Transmission Prominent Clinical Signs Disease from Animals and Symptoms Septicemia Septicemia Respiratory Intestinal Cutaneous Ocular Neurologic Death Incubation Period BACTERIAL Brucellosis direct contact (infected 1-21 Flu-like signs; cyclic fever; arthritis; orchitis; epididymitis; Brucella species animal tissue); inhalation days hepatomegaly; Chronic: neurological; endocarditis Campylobacteriosis ingestion (contaminated 1-10 Diarrhea with or without blood; fever; nausea; vomiting; Campylobacter jejuni, food, fecal-oral) days abdominal pain; headache; muscle pain C. fetus, C. coli Cat Scratch Fever direct contact (scratch or 3-20 Self-limiting; mild to severe skin rash at site of inoculation; Bartonella henselae bite of cat) days lymphadenopathy; fever; malaise; fatigue; complications or atypical signs for 5-16% of cases Chlamydiosis (mammals) ingestion (fecal-oral); unknow Fever; headache; vomiting; abortion; pelvic inflammatory Chlamydophila abortus, inhalation; direct contact n disease; septicemia; hepatitis; kidney dysfunction; C. felis (birthing tissues) disseminated intravascular coagulation Ehrlichiosis ticks 7-10 Headache;
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