Select Zoonotic Diseases of Companion Animals Wall

Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals

Animal Impact

= Species with Zoonotic Potential

Disease Dogs Cats Birds Ferrets Rabbits Rodents Other Incubation Period Prominent Clinical Signs

BACTERIA Brucellosis variable Abortions; stillborn or weak newborns; retained placentas; Brucella canis  placentitis; orchitis; epididymitis; arthritis; lameness

Campylobacteriosis cattle, goats, mink, 3-25 Mucoid, watery, or blood-flecked diarrhea in many species; Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus,      pigs non-human days Hamsters: “wet tail”; may be fatal in newly hatched chicks; C. coli primates, sheep asymptomatic carriers common Cat Scratch Fever bobcats, cheetahs, 2-16 No natural occurring disease reported; research studies have Bartonella henselae  cougars, panthers days produced; fever; lethargy; anorexia; myalgia; lymphadenopathy; transient behavioral and neurological dysfunction Chlamydiosis (mammals) cattle, deer, goats, 3-10 days Cats: fever; conjunctivitis; ocular discharge; corneal ulcers; rhinitis Chlamydophila abortus, C. felis  llamas, sheep in cats; others vary Ehrlichiosis cattle, sheep, horses, 1-20 Dogs: fever; lethargy; anorexia; petechiae; lameness; edema in hind Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, llamas, foxes, coyotes, days legs; Dogs: may develop bleeding disorders Anaplasma   non-human primates, wild ruminants Leptospirosis cattle, goats, horses, 4-12 Dogs: variable; hemorrhagic syndromes; kidney disease Leptospira species   pigs, , sea lions, seals, days sheep

Lyme Disease deer, horses, 2-5 Dogs: lameness; arthritis; Horses: lameness; arthritis; encephalitis; Borrelia burgdorferi   opossums, raccoons months uveitis; dermatitis; edema of the limbs; abortion

Plague prairie dogs, rock and 1-6 High fever; extremely swollen lymph nodes – “buboes”; severe Yersinia pestis    ground squirrels days pneumonia; septicemia

Psittacosis love birds, parakeets, 3-10 Nasal and ocular discharges; conjunctivitis; yellow-green droppings; Chlamydophila psittaci  parrots days inactivity; ruffled feathers; inappetance; weight loss

Q Fever cattle, goats, sheep 1-3 Typically asymptomatic; Cats: subclinical; fever, anorexia, lethargy; Coxiella burnetii     weeks abortion; Dogs: subclinical; splenomegaly Rocky Mountain Spotted opossums, rabbits, 2-14 Fever; anorexia; depression; lymphadenopathy; dyspnea; diarrhea; rodents days vomiting; joint or muscle pain; edema of the face or extremities; Fever Rickettsia rickettsii    petechiae of oral or ocular membranes; ataxia; paraparesis; seizures; renal failure; coma Salmonellosis reptiles (turtles, variable Clinical disease uncommon; may develop septicemia; anorexia; Salmonella species lizards, snakes); listlessness; osteomyelitis; osteoarthritis; subcutaneous abscesses; amphibians (frogs); death     hedgehogs; livestock species (poultry, horses, cattle) Streptococcosis bison, cattle, fish, varies with Mastitis; metritis; placentitis; abortion; septicemia; wound infection; Streptococcus canis, foxes, goats, horses, form polyarthritis; pleuritis; endocarditis; abscesses; pneumonia; S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus,     non-human primates, meningitis; pyoderma; toxic shock; death; Guinea Pigs: cervical S. iniae, S. suis pigs, sheep lymphadenitis

Tularemia aquatic animals, 1-10 Sudden high fever with lethargy and anorexia; stiffness; reduced Francisella tularensis horses, pigs, sheep days mobility; tachycardia; tachypnea; prostration and death; military     white necrotic foci of liver, spleen or lymph node

Additional disease information available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/. Table last reviewed January 2021 Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals Page 2 of 2

Animal Impact

= Species with Zoonotic Potential

Disease Dogs Cats Birds Ferrets Rabbits Rodents Other Incubation Period Prominent Clinical Signs

VIRUSES Influenza pigs, horses 1-7 Birds: mild to severe; coughing; sneezing; decreased egg Influenzavirus     days production; death; Ferrets: nasal/ocular discharge; sneezing, lethargy, fever, inappetance Rabies any mammal 10 days Restlessness; anorexia or increased appetite; vomiting; fever; ataxia;

Lyssavirus      to 6 months incoordination; ascending paralysis; increased aggression; death

FUNGI Cryptococcosis cattle, sheep, goats, unknown Cats: chronic rhinitis; sinusitis; lymphadenopathy; non-pruritic nodules Cryptococcus neoformans horses, llamas, foxes, on face; CNS disease; ocular lesions; osteomyelitis;     mink, non-human Dogs: neurologic disease; Horses: obstructive growths in the nasal cavity primates Dermatophytosis cattle, goats, horses, 2-4 Young animals most susceptible; adults may be asymptomatic; small Microsporum species,       pigs, sheep weeks circular areas of alopecia; flakey skin; most species non-pruritic Trichophyton species Sporotrichosis horses, donkeys, mules 1 Cutaneous form most common; disseminated form rare; Sporothrix schenckii   month Cats: nodules develop into slow-healing ulcers; suppurative lymphadenitis; Dogs: nodules may or may not be ulcerated PARASITES Acariasis (Mange) bats, cattle, felids, fox, 10-60 Pruritic; secondary pyoderma; depression; anorexia; chronic infection Numerous species of mites       goats, horses, pigs, days may lead to hyperkeratotic lesions; fatal infestations may be seen in wild sheep, raccoons animals; Ferrets: pododermatitis; self-mutilation Bayl isas cariasis raccoons, kinkajous 10-20 Dogs, Raccoons: usually asymptomatic; Rodents, Rabbits: neurological Baylisascaris procyonis    *Birds highly days signs; circling; torticollis; ataxia; head tremors; progressive weakness; susceptible to disease dysphagia; death Cysticercosis bears, cattle, goats, 10 days Severity of clinical signs depend upon number and location of larvae; Taenia species     llamas, non-human to Dogs, Cats: neurological signs primates, sheep, pigs, 6 months wild ruminants Echinococcosis cattle, sheep, goats, unknown Carnivores: asymptomatic; incidental finding of cysts at necropsy; horses, pigs, non- Echinococcus granulosus, Herbivores: can affect liver, abdominal cavity; ascites; hepatomegaly; E. multilocularis    human primates dyspnea; diarrhea; vomiting; weight loss; Rodents: fatal within weeks Giardia beavers, cattle, sheep 5-14 Adults: may be asymptomatic; Young: diarrhea or soft stools; poor hair Giardia intestinalis    days coat; flatulence; weight loss or failure to gain weight; clinical signs vary depending upon species of animal infected Hookworms 7-20 Disease will vary with parasite burden and age of the animal; severe in Ancylostoma species   days puppies; diarrhea; anorexia; emaciation; weakness; poor hair coat; anemia; interdigital dermatitis, death Roundworms 30 days Severe in puppies and kittens; lack of growth; loss of condition; Toxocara species   “potbellied”; parasites in vomit and feces; pneumonia; diarrhea Leishmaniasis canids, horses, 3 months Cats: cutaneous form; non-pruritic exfoliative dermatitis around eyes, Leishmania species    marsupials, non- to ears; Dogs: cutaneous lesions; fever; anemia; lymphadenopathy; weight human primates years loss; anorexia; ocular lesions; splenomegaly Taeniasis coyotes, fox, lynx, 5-12 weeks Visible passage of proglottids from anus; other signs rare but may Taenia species   non-human primates, include unthriftiness; malaise; irritability; decreased appetite; mild wolves diarrhea or colic Toxoplasmosis goats, horses, non- unknown Most infections asymptomatic; Toxoplasma gondii    human primates, pigs, Cats: lethargy; persistent fever; anorexia; incoordination; paralysis; retinal sheep detachment; death; Dogs: most asymptomatic Trichuriasis non-human primates, 10-12 days Most cases asymptomatic; mucoid or hemorrhagic diarrhea; weight loss; Trichuris suis,  pigs unthriftiness; anemia; death may occur in piglets T. trichiura, T. vulpis

Note: This chart provides an overview of some zoonoses of companion animals. Information presented here is not comprehensive, and should not be used to rule out a diagnosis or take the place of veterinary advice. Additional disease information available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/. Table last reviewed January 2021 Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals

Human Impact

Person-to-Person Vector-Transmitted  = Body System Affected

Transmission Prominent Clinical Signs Disease from Animals and Symptoms Septicemia Septicemia Respiratory Intestinal Cutaneous Ocular Neurologic Death Incubation Period

BACTERIAL Brucellosis direct contact (infected   1-21 Flu-like signs; cyclic fever; arthritis; orchitis; epididymitis; Brucella species animal tissue); inhalation days hepatomegaly; Chronic: neurological; endocarditis

Campylobacteriosis ingestion (contaminated  1-10 Diarrhea with or without blood; fever; nausea; vomiting; Campylobacter jejuni, food, fecal-oral) days abdominal pain; headache; muscle pain C. fetus, C. coli

Cat Scratch Fever direct contact (scratch or  3-20 Self-limiting; mild to severe skin rash at site of inoculation; Bartonella henselae bite of cat) days lymphadenopathy; fever; malaise; fatigue; complications or atypical signs for 5-16% of cases

Chlamydiosis (mammals) ingestion (fecal-oral);  unknow Fever; headache; vomiting; abortion; pelvic inflammatory Chlamydophila abortus, inhalation; direct contact n disease; septicemia; hepatitis; kidney dysfunction; C. felis (birthing tissues) disseminated intravascular coagulation Ehrlichiosis ticks      7-10 Headache; fever; chills; myalgia; vomiting; diarrhea; Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, days conjunctivitis; cough; confusion; children may develop a Anaplasma rash; severe in immunosuppressed patients

Leptospirosis ingestion (contaminated    7-12 Biphasic illness; fever; headache; chills; severe leg myalgia; Leptospira species water); inhalation; direct days conjunctival injection; jaundice; aseptic meningitis; cough; contact (urine) dyspnea; acute renal failure; abortion

Lyme Disease ticks  7-14 “Bulls- eye” rash with central clearing; malaise; fatigue; fever; Borrelia burgdorferi days headache; stiff neck; myalgia; arthralgia; lymphadenopathy; chronic recurring arthritis

Plague direct contact (infected   1-6 Flu-like signs; enlarged tender lymph nodes – “buboes”; rapid Yersinia pestis animal); fleas; inhalation days pneumonia; respiratory failure; toxemia; shock; death

Psittacosis inhalation (infected bird    7-28 Flu-like signs; rash; extensive pneumonia; endocarditis; Chlamydophila psittaci dander, droppings, days myocarditis; encephalitis secretions)

Q Fever direct contact (infected    10-40 Flu-like signs; profuse sweating; severe headache; Coxiella burnetii body fluids); inhalation; ticks days pneumonitis, no cough or chest pain; hepatitis; osteomyelitis; arteritis; endocarditis; neurologic signs; in- utero death; placentitis Rocky Mountain ticks     2-14 Fever; chills; malaise; headache; myalgia; vomiting; diarrhea; Spotted Fever days edema of the face or extremities; conjunctivitis; non-pruritic Rickettsia rickettsii macular rash, may involve palms of hands or soles of feet; coma Salmonellosis ingestion (fecal-oral)    12 hours Acute enterocolitis; headache; abdominal pain; fever; Salmonella species to diarrhea; nausea; septicemia; meningitis. May be severe in 18 days the very young, elderly, or immunosuppressed

Streptococcosis ingestion (contaminated     hours Pharyngitis; pyoderma; abscesses; cellulitis; endocarditis; Streptococcus canis, food); inhalation; direct to polyarthritis; pneumonia; septicemia; streptococcal toxic S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, contact (infected animal) 3 days shock syndrome S. iniae, S. suis Tularemia arthropods (ticks, deer flies,      1-14 Flu-like signs; exhaustion; ulcerative lesion; enlarged painful Francisella tularensis mosquitoes); direct contact; days lymph nodes; painful purulent conjunctivitis; abdominal inhalation; ingestion pain; diarrhea; vomiting; chest pain; respiratory distress; pneumonia; sepsis; death

Additional disease information available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/. Table last reviewed January 2021 Select Zoonoses of Companion Animals Page 2 of 2

Human Impact

Person-to-Person Vector-Transmitted  = Body System Affected

Transmission Prominent Clinical Signs Disease from Animals and Symptoms Septicemia Septicemia Respiratory Intestinal Cutaneous Ocular Neurologic Death Incubation Period

VIRAL Influenza inhalation; direct contact   1-4 Fever; chills; anorexia; headache; myalgia; weakness; Influenzavirus (nasal secretions) days sneezing; rhinitis; sore throat; non-productive cough; pneumonia; nausea, vomiting, otitis media in children; death Rabies direct contact; organ  1-3 Headache; fever; malaise; abnormal behavior; paresis or Lyssavirus transplant months paralysis; difficulty swallowing; delirium; convulsions; death FUNGAL Cryptococcosis inhalation (infected bird   unknow Most asymptomatic; fever; malaise; coughing; chest pain; Cryptococcus neoformans droppings) n dyspnea; headache; weight loss; meningo-encephalitis in immunosuppressed patients; death Dermatophytosis direct contact  7-14 “Ringworm”, raised, inflamed, pruritic, circular lesion with Microsporum species, (infected animal) days central clearing; alopecia; thick, discolored nails; may Trichophyton species disseminate in immunosuppressed patients Sporotrichosis Direct contact (cat, plant   3-12 Cutaneous most common; pustule at site of inoculation; Sporothrix schenckii material); inhalation weeks progresses to slow-healing ulcerations; infection of lymphatic vessels; pulmonary and disseminated forms rare PARASITIC Acariasis (Mange) direct contact (infected  1-4 Severe pruritus on arms, chest, abdomen, thighs; macules, Numerous species of mites animal) days papules, pustules; possible severe painful dermatitis with allergic reactions and chronic lesions Baylisascariasis ingestion    7-30 Symptoms vary with number and location of larvae; fever; Baylisascaris procyonis (fecal-oral) days nausea; lethargy; hepatomegaly; pneumonitis; neurological signs; brain damage; blindness; death Cysticercosis ingestion   10 days Symptoms vary with number and location of larvae; chronic Taenia species (fecal-oral) to headaches, seizures most common; stroke; focal neurological years signs; blurred vision; death Echinococcosis ingestion     months Asymptomatic; signs associated with mass lesion; liver and (hydatid disease) (fecal-oral) to lungs most common; abdominal pain; vomiting; jaundice; Echinococcus granulosus, years liver failure; cough; chest pain; blindness; seizures E. multilocularis Giardiasis ingestion (contaminated  1-25 Sudden onset of diarrhea with foul-smelling stools; Giardia intestinalis water, fecal-oral) days abdominal cramps; bloating; flatulence; nausea; fatigue; dehydration; chronic infections may occur Larva Migrans direct contact (larvae)  7-14 Pruritus; winding threadlike cutaneous lesion with erythema (cutaneous) days and swelling Ancylostoma species Larva Migrans ingestion     weeks Severe in young children; fever; cough; hepatomegaly; (visceral, ocular) (fecal-oral) to pneumonia; ocular invasion; vomiting; weakness; anorexia; Toxocara species months arthralgia; myalgia; lymphadenopathy Leishmaniasis sand flies  7 days Cutaneous: papule; ulcer; may be chronic; Leishmania species to Visceral: prolonged undulant fever; splenomegaly; years hepatomegaly; fatal if untreated Taeniasis Ingestion (undercooked  10 days Asymptomatic; symptoms more common in children; Taenia species beef or pork) to abdominal pain; diarrhea or constipation; nausea; weight loss years Toxoplasmosis ingestion (fecal-oral,  5-23 Flu-like signs; fetal death; congenital abnormalities, Toxoplasma gondii undercooked meat) days (hydrocephaly, microcephaly); severe in immunocompromised; encephalitis Trichuriasis ingestion  variable Asymptomatic; chronic diarrhea; abdominal pain; nausea; Trichuris suis, T. trichiura, (fecal-oral) vomiting; flatulence; headache; weight loss; anemia; children T. vulpis may develop rectal prolapse