Submission of Monthly Progress Report by State of Assam for River Stretches under priority I & II.
(Hon’ble NGT in the matter of O.A. No.673/2018 dated 06.12.2019)
Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
1 Ensure 100% treatment of sewage at 31.03.2020 1. Superintending Engineer (Mech) least in situ remediation submitted proposal to the Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Guwahati Development Department for improving the Water quality of the Borsola beel with cascading effect to cleanse the Bharalu river downstream of the Chabi pool. A copy of notice inviting EOI for similar work involving river cleaning is also submitted for ready reference. Annexure –Ia to Ic
2.Guwahati Municipal Corporation has been cleaning the following water bodies regularly:
a) Bharalu River b) Mora Bharalu c) Bahini d) Lakhimijan e) Basistha Channel The beels and pamohi channel are being cleaned by GMDA. (Annexure- II)
Discharge of toilet and Sewage to the targeted rivers is not allowed. A total number of 4697 toilets has been constructed and geo-tagged under Swach Bharat Mission. (Annexure-II)
Disposal of Municipal Waste, Plastic, Bio Medical Waste etc. in the river bodies are prohibited. (Annexure-II)
Commencement of setting up of STPs 31.03.2020 3 nos. of concept papers submitted by and connecting all the drains and other Assam Urban Water Supply and Sewage sources of generation of sewage to the Board to the Govt. under NESIDS, Govt. STPs must be ensured of India. (Annexure-III)
Sewer line is not available in 3 AMRUT cities. Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
Sewer line is not available in 1 Municipal Corporation.
Sewer line is not available in 17 Municipal Boards. (Annexure-IV).
2 Timeline for completing all steps of 31.03.2021 DPR for STPs to be completed within one action plans including completion of month. (Annexure V) setting up STPs and their commissioning
3 Chief Secretaries may set up List Enclosed as Annexure VI appropriate monitoring mechanism at State level
Specifying accountability of nodal authorities not below 22.01.2020 the Secretary level
Chief Secretaries may have an 22.01.2020 Avinash Joshi, IAS accountable person attached in their office for this purpose Principal Secretary to the Govt. of Assam,
Sports & Youth Welfare, Excise and Environment & Forest Departments
Monitoring at State level must Fortnightly State Level Monitoring was held on take place Commenci 14.02.2020 under the Chairmanship of ng Principal Secretary to the Govt. of 21.12.2019 Assam, Environment and Forest Department.
Chief Secretary, Assam will again review the matter on 25.02.2020 alongwith the Review of Compliance of Hon’ble NGT orders in OA No. 606/2018.
4 Progress report may be furnished by Monthly Monthly report for month of February the States/UTs to (preferably submitted on 17.02.2020 Secretary, Ministry of Jal Shakti before 20th Member Secretary, CPCB Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
of every month)
4.1 Progress Report may be comprised of details along with completion timelines on: i)Superintending Engineer (Mech) i. Identification of Polluting submitted proposal to the Secretary to sources including drains the Govt. of Assam, Guwahati contributing to river pollution Development Department for improving and action as per NGT order on the Water quality. (Annexure I) insitu treatment ii. Status of STPs, I & D and ii) DPR for STPs to be completed within sewage networks one month. (Annexure V) Details of Existing Infrastructure, Gap Analysis, Proposed along with
completion timeline,
iii. Status report on closure of industries iii. Status of CETPs to which closure notices were issued on Details of Existing CETP and the ground of not having ETPs are ETP Infrastructure, Gap enclosed (Annexure-VII). Analysis, proposed along with completion timeline, No. of There is only one major industry namely, industries and complying Guwahati Refinery, IOCL and it has status online monitoring system.
Step shall be taken to insure Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in the major polluting industrial units. (Annexure-VII).
iv. Status of Solid Waste iv. Disposal of municipal waste, plastic, Management & Details of bio medical wastes etc. in the river Processing Facilities bodies are prohibited. (Annexure-II) Details of Existing Infrastructure, Gap Analysis, proposed along with completion timeline
Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
v. Latest water quality of v. PCBA is monthly monitoring the water polluted river, its tributaries, quality of the polluted stretches. drains with flow details and (Annexure-VIII a & VIII b) ground water quality in the catchment of polluted river;
vi. Preventing dumping of waste vi. Disposal of municipal waste, plastic, and scientific waste bio medical wastes etc. in the river management including bio- bodies are prohibited. Annexure-II medical wastes, plastic wastes and decentralizing waste processing, including waste generated from hotels, ashrams, etc. vii. Ground water regulation vii. Quantity categorization for Future Ground Water Development is safe.
Resource estimation and categorization of Kamrup Urban area is enclosed. Annexure-IX
PCBA has been requested by the
Regional Director, Central Ground Water
Board North-east Region for providing
communication details of the identified
industries /infrastructure projects those
who are extracting Ground Water
without NOC from CGWA. PCBA has
already provided the list of industrial
details to CGWB. (Annexure-X)
viii. Adopting good irrigation viii. As the river Bahini and Bharalu practices traverses through the dense urban area of Guwahati city and there is no any agricultural land along its bank till its confluence with river Brahmaputra at Bharalumukh area as such there is no scope for irrigation practices.
ix. With regard to modification of ix. Protection and management consent conditions in and around the of Flood Plain Zones (FPZ), polluted stretches, following condition is Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
incorporated in the consent condition “Effluent Analysis Report should be submitted quarterly without fail. Annexure-III
The Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority has constructed guard/flood wall from Bhangagarh upto
ASEB Colony. The river Bharalu passes through a congested urban habitation in most of its run till its outfall at Bharalumukh. The river bed is not
directly approachable in most of the areas due to private patta land except in some locations wherein footpaths in
patches were constructed time to time by the State PWD Department. Identification of locations where path
ways can be provided by the PWD Department will be done. As regards demarcation of flood plain zone Bharalu and Bahini river basin in greater Guwahati area, the following areas are vulnerable to water level in Bharalu:
Zoo road, Anil nagar, Tarun nagar, Nabin nagar, Lachit nagar areas etc. Further ASDMA have already prepared the flood hazard map of Assam. Flood hazard map, the flood prone area of Bharalu and Bahini basin of Guwahati city will be proposed by the Department for vetting by the Government. x. Rain water harvesting x. Provision for rain water harvesting has
already been incorporated in a building
by laws for Guwahati. Annexure-II.
xi. Maintaining minimum xi. It is contemplated to establish a Gauge environmental flow of river discharge Station of Bahini/ Bharalu Sl. Activity to be monitored Timeline Submission of Progress by State/UT- No. Compliance Status
River. Namely one at Hengerabari RCC bridge, one at Jonali RRC bridge and one at Shantipur Sluice Gate from 01.04.2020.
Earlier, an attempt was made to induct fresh water into Bahini river by diverting a part discharge of Basistha River through
a Sluice Gate at Basistha, Natun bazaar area. A Scheme was taken up having nomenclature, “Resectioning and regarding of River Bharalu, Mora
Bharalu, Bahini, Basistha, Lakhimijan Channel including reopening of Bahini Sluice gate at Natun bazaar” which was
administratively approved by the Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Water Resources Department, Guwahati-06.
The work was taken up during 2014-15 but due to Court Case vide No. WP (C)
709/2016, the work remained incomplete.
xii. Plantation on both sides of the xii. State Forest Department will take up river plantation programme . (Annexure-XI)
--- xiii. Setting up Biodiversity parks on flood plains by removing encroachment xiv Annexure-XII xiv. Encroachment
PROJECT REPORT
Cleaning of Borsola Beel & Bharalu River
By using
Latest and the most advanced technology of Phycoremediation
Without using any harmful Chemicals
By
Trinity Impex International & Phycospectrum Environmental Research Center, Chennai
C-5/2 SFS DDA Flat, Saket, New Delhi 110017
E mail: [email protected]
Telephone: 91-11-9871405657
PHYCOREMEDIATION- A GREEN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY OF FUTURE
FOR IN SITU WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Objective of the Report:
The basic objective of the report is to find & propose the most effective and most economical solution to clean the polluted water in Bharalu drain/river flowing through Guwahati in the least possible time with the following main purpose:
✓ To improve the quality of polluted water up to D/E standards as per CPCB norms , so that the water could be used for irrigation, Animal drinking and Industry ✓ To improve quality of ground recharge water ( removal of E coli , FC and TC) ✓ To remove the foul smell by 100 % so that quality of Air Improves with positive effect on Human Life. ✓ To improve Oxygen level around drains due to Bio-oxygenation in the drains ✓ To remove nuisance of Corrosion due to Foul smell ( Hydrogen Sulphide) ✓ To reduce Mosquitoes up to 60 % ( Bio-oxygenation)
About Bharalu
Bharalu River has its origin in the Khasi Hills, then it bifurcates into two rivulets: the Basistha River, which flows towards Deepor Beel, and the Bahini River, which flows downstream & is called the Bharalu .Bharalu finally merges in to Brahamputra while flowing through Guwahati.. The Bharalu catchment area in Guwahati has undergone rapid change of population in recent years, resulting in unabated encroachment and discharge of untreated
Sewer/dumping of solid and liquid chemical wastes, thereby severely polluting the Bharalu River before it merges in to Brahamputra at Bharalumukh and polluting the Brahamputra in the main City. Water quality parameters like BOD, COD, EC, TC and FC are far below specified standards of CPCB.
Bharalu River Polluting Brahamputra
Present Condition of Bharalu River
Water Completely Dark and smelling
Expired and unused medicines and Chemicals being thrown as garbage on the Banks of Bharalu. In rainy season, these Chemicals get in to Bharalu and ultimately to Brahamputra
Confluence of Bharalu and Brahamputra
Route of Bharalu in the City
NECESSITY FOR TREATMENT OF BHARALU DRAIN
A) Presence of High content of disease causing bacteria and E coli from Excreta affecting health
The presence of following pathogen in polluted drain can cause serious problems
MICROBIAL ASPECTS OF DISEASES CAUSED BY OPEN POLLUTED DRAINS
Comments:
Open polluted drains are a source of severe life threatening infections caused by different Microbes
The above picture indicates the specific diseases caused by various Bacteria, Viruses and other Microbes.
All these microbes can be eliminated without any chemical by using Micro- Algae Consortia – known as Phycoremediation
B) Foul smell caused by putrefying wastes and affecting Equipment & human health
The pollution in Bharalu drain and Borsola Beel generate foul smell leading to adverse effects on Human health and buildup of corrosion on equipment.
Particularly the effect of Hydrogen Sulphide is Carcinogenic.
The odors that we identify in the space/Environment around us are the result of the interaction between molecules given off by the odorous material and the sensory cells located in our nose.
The following compositions are mainly responsible for Environmental Pollution:-
Chemical Odor Material Composition Type of Smell Effect on Effect on Human health Equipment Acetaldehyde CH3CHO Pungent Adverse Yes Ammonia NH3 Pungent Leads to Butyric acid CH3CH2CH2COOH Rancid Corrosion of equipments Diethyl sulfide C2H5C2H5S Garlic Fishy Adverse Leads to Dimethyl amine CH3CH3NH Decayed Corrosion of Dimethyl sulfide CH3CH3S cabbage equipment Ethyl mercaptan C2H5SH Decayed Adverse Leads to Formaldehyde HCHO cabbage May cause Corrosion of Hydrogen sulfide H2S Pungent Rotten death instantly equipment eggs Methyl CH3SH Decayed Adverse Leads to mercaptan C6H5OH cabbage Corrosion of Phenol C3H7SH Empyreumatic equipment Propyl Unpleasant mercaptan Sulfur dioxide SO2 Pungent Fishy Adverse Leads to Tri methyl amine CH3CH3CH3N Body odor can rupture Corrosion of CH3CH2CH2CH2C Valeric acid OOH respiratory equipment organs
Conclusion:
Hence the polluted water in Bharalu drain is not only affecting ground water but also foul smell of Hydrogen Sulphide, Sulphur dioxide, carbon Mono-oxide are seriously affecting Human health and also leading to corrosion of domestic equipment like AC, Washing Machines, Cars, TV sets etc.
All the above disastrous effects of open drain pollution can be eliminated in 6-12 months by using Phycoremediation
C) High Level of COD and BOD affecting survival of fish and water borne good bio-life
BAD EFFECT OF HIGH BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is one of the most common measures of pollutant organic material in water. BOD indicates the amount of putrescible organic matter present in water. Therefore, a low BOD is an indicator of good quality water, while a high BOD indicates polluted water. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is consumed by bacteria when large amounts of organic matter from sewage or other discharges are present in the water. DO is the actual amount of oxygen available in dissolved form in the water. When the DO drops below a certain level, the life forms in that water are unable to continue at a normal rate. The decrease in the oxygen supply in the water has a negative effect on the fish and other aquatic life. Fish kills and an invasion and growth of certain types of weeds can cause dramatic adverse changes in a stream or other body of water. This leads to discharge of gases like Hydrogen sulphide etc.
BAD EFFECT OF HIGH CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution which in SI units is milligrams per liter (mg/L).
The Effect of COD is similar to that of BOD but much worse than that. The presence of higher COD indicates presence of Harmful chemicals which can leach in to ground water and leads to contamination of aquifers.
The presence of undigested chemicals will lead to foul smell of chemicals in to the environment and adversely affecting Human and Equipment health. It is also difficult to remove COD from Water than BOD
To reduce BOD and COD to CPCB norms without any chemicals – Phycoremediation is only Solution. Phycoremediation is the most economical and quickest Solution for BOD and COD
D) Presence of TSS and Turbidity indicating presence of solids affecting flow and capacity
Total dissolved solids (TDS) are naturally present in water or are the result of mining, silting or some industrial treatment of water. TDS contain minerals and organic molecules that provide benefits such as nutrients or contaminants such as toxic metals and organic pollutants. Current regulations by CPCB require the periodic monitoring of TDS, which is a measurement of inorganic salts, organic matter and other dissolved materials in water. Measurements of TDS do not differentiate among ions.
The concentration and composition of TDS in polluted drainage waters is determined by the geology of the drainage, atmospheric precipitation and the water balance (evaporation-precipitation).
Changes in TDS concentrations in polluted waters often result from industrial effluent, changes to the water balance (by limiting inflow, by increased water use or increased precipitation), or by salt-water intrusion.
It has been noted that presence of HIGH TDS may affect some aquatic life of invertebrates and larvae as higher TDS causes toxicity for these to survive.
Comments:
The effects of large TDS are not very catestrophic on Bio life but certainly it can affect the flow by increasing bottom silt/sludge.
If it is not controlled , it can lead to lower hydraulic capacity of drains and Rivers and can lead to over flow/floods of drains causing devastation of Human Life .
It is for this reason that GOI has specified TSS and TDS limits
Phycoremediation reduces Organic Sludge over a period of time in the most natural way without affecting the Ecology at benthic level.
E) Leaching of heavy metals & Chemicals Nitrates and Fluorides affecting ground recharge water and affecting human health like cancer , liver , blood and skin diseases etc.
Effect of Heavy metals and Chemicals in polluted drains is extremely dangerous
SOURCES HEAVY METALS IN THE DRAIN
Toxic metals, to a large extent, are dispersed in the environment through industrial effluents, organic wastes, refuse burning, and transport and power generation. They can be carried to places many miles away from the sources by wind, depending upon whether they are in gaseous form or as particulates. Metallic pollutants are ultimately washed out of the air into land or the surface of water ways. Thus air is also a route for the pollution of environment.
Metal containing industrial effluents constitute a major source of metallic pollution of hydrosphere. Another means of dispersal is the movement of drainage water from catchment areas like Industrial area
Heavy Metals Manufacturing Industries responsible for Pollution
Phosphate and Fertilizer, Metal Hardening , Paints And Arsenic Textile cadmium Phosphate Fertilizer, Electronics, Pigments And Paints chromium Metal Plating , Tanning, Rubber And Photography copper Plating, Rayon And Electrical Lead Paints, Battery Nickel Electroplating , Iron Steel Zinc Galvanizing, Plating Iron And Steel Mercury Chloro-Alkali, Scientific Instruments , Chemicals
NB: We have observed the presence of heavy chemicals drain and expired medicines lying on the Banks of the River ,and this appears to adversely affect human life
Effects of Heavy metals on Human Health
Metal Target Organs Primary Sources Clinical effects
Arsenic Pulmonary Industrial Dusts, Perforation of Nasal Septum, Nervous System, Medicinal Uses Of Respiratory Cancer, Peripheral Skin Polluted Water Neuropathy: Dermatomes, Skin, Cancer Cadmium Renal, Skeletal Industrial Dust And Proteinuria, Glycosuria, Osteomalacia, Pulmonary Fumes And Polluted Aminoaciduria, Emphysema Water And Food Chromium Pulmonary Industrial Dust And Ulcer, Perforation of Nasal Septum, Fumes And Polluted Respiratory Cancer Food Manganese Nervous System Industrial Dust And Central And Peripheral Neuropathies Fumes Lead Nervous Industrial Dust And Encephalopathy, Peripheral System, Fumes And Polluted Neuropathy, Central Nervous Hematopoietic Food Disorders, Anemia. System, Renal
Nickel Pulmonary, Skin Industrial Dust, Cancer, Dramatis Aerosols
Tin Nervous , Medicinal Uses, Central Nervous System Disorders, Pulmonary Industrial Dusts Visual Defects And EEG Changes, System Pneumoconiosis
Mercury Nervous Industrial Dust And Proteinuria System, Renal Fumes And Polluted Water And Food
Our Comments:
The Presence of heavy metals is a very serious health issue. The presence of heavy metals in drain is mainly on account of untreated Industrial Effluent Discharge. This (Untreated Industrial Effluent) need to be checked on immediate basis or second best solution is the treatment of such drains using Phycoremediation.
The treatment of heavy metals in polluting drain needs to be considered on High Priority
Phycoremediation using Micro Algae Consortia is the only Solution for reducing heavy and toxic material in flowing drains
F) Effects of Chemicals in the drain
Overall effect Type of Chemical
Inorganic chemicals comprise some of the most common and mobile contaminants in groundwater. Such contaminants include nitrate, ammonia, sodium, chloride, fluoride, and arsenic. Nitrate contamination from sewage and agricultural practices occurs over large areas.. Fluoride and arsenic can Inorganic occur naturally in areas containing sediments derived from Chemicals igneous rocks. Nitrate and chloride do not adsorb readily on to soil materials and can be transported great distances.
E.g. nitrate, ammonia, sodium, chloride, fluoride, cyanide, arsenic, etc.- All are dangerous to Health
Organic compounds are carbon and hydrogen-based chemicals, some of which occur naturally. However, it is mainly the human-produced chemicals that are of concern. These chemicals include solvents, pesticides, and other industrial chemicals. Organic chemicals are removed from groundwater by chemical reactions and microbial activity. Organic Chemicals Many organic compounds, however, particularly those containing chlorine, can remain in the subsurface for many years. Many organic chemicals are highly toxic and cause severe health problems such as birth defects and cancer.
E.g. petro-chemicals (oil, diesel), plastic, solvents, pesticides, chlorine, paint, etc. – All are dangerous to Health
Metals, including heavy metals, are also of environmental concern. The transport of metals is controlled by their solubility. The solubility of metals is dependent on pH. The pH of water can be affected by acid drainage from mining Heavy Metal based compounds activities. Dissolved metals can also be adsorbed onto large organic molecules in water and be transported by them.
E.g. cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, etc. – These are all Carcinogenic and present as a compound
Note: Chemicals are equally bad nuisance and also to large extent are the result of heavy metals .
The Solution for removal of Toxicity of above chemicals and metals is Phycoremediation
G) The Effect of Open drain Pollution on Growth of Mosquito
It is well research that growth of Malaria is basically born and attracted on account of following reasons: ➢ Wetness ( moisture or water based conditions – tropical conditions) ➢ Presence of Carbon Dioxide ➢ Temperature ➢ Movement
But recent research has shown that Polluting activities are resulting in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes expanding into new regions, while adaptation to water pollution has increased their tolerance to pesticides.
A malaria specie An. arabiensis is extremely difficult to control. Besides already reported insecticide resistance, they are prone to avoiding insecticide treated nets and walls. These mosquitoes also tend to bite people outdoors, where little can be done for protection.
These insects usually breed in clean water, but have adapted to breeding in polluted water. This means that malaria vectors can now potentially increase their range to areas where malaria didn’t usually occur.
NICD, South Africa research shows that polluted water sources are becoming a breeding ground for mosquitoes that are tolerant to a range of toxins. It was found that adult mosquitoes that were exposed to metal during the larval stage developed insecticide resistance.
Hence apart from poisonous gases emanating from Polluted Water, The nuisance of spread of Malaria cannot be ruled out and sometimes very large amount of population of residents along the drain can be affected
Summary of over all effect of pollution in open drains – in this case Bharalu How Polluting drains in are adversally affecting Water , Air , Earth and Plants in Guwahati:-
The pollution of Drains due to discharge of untreated Sewer and untreated Industrial effluent etc. in Bharalu has resulted in polluting the water , increasing toxins in the earth and discharge of harmful gases in to atmosphere affecting human life adversely and disturbing the Ecology necessary for survival:
• Water
a. Increase of BOD, COD & Toxins in drain water has resulted in destruction of ecology necessary for survival of bio-life for self-cleaning of water. Due to toxicity and low DO, elimination of zoo-planktons has taken place. Elimination of Zoo Planktons has resulted in destruction of Natural Food Cycle created by Nature for survival of life. In fact pollution on drain is destroying life slowly and steadily • Earth
b. The pollution in drains has resulted in polluting the quality of ground recharge water. Due to toxic industrial pollution in drain water , carcinogenic materials like Arsenic, chromium, Fluorides , Nitrates etc. have leached in to earth to aquifers and destroying quality of water extracted from earth nearby , for domestic use through hand pump or extracted for irrigation. This has resulted in serious health issues of the people who use such polluted ground water. Incidence of cancer is one of effects of polluted ground water • Air
c. The polluted water in the drains leads to generation of many toxic gases like, Hydrogen sulphide. Carbon mono-oxide, methane, carbon di-oxide. Gases like Hydrogen sulphide not only cause corrosion of equipment but are proven to cause cancer as well and hence extremely dangerous. Higher concentration of hydrogen sulphide (1000 ppm) cause instant death .Carbon di-oxide leads to mosquito build up around the area and may lead to health issues. Vehicular emission also causes air pollution, which is bad for health. • Plant
d. The untreated Toxic water flowing in the polluted drains has been used by Farming community for crops due to unavailability of good water and for the purpose of convenience and saving the cost. The toxic materials are absorbed by the plants, which are consumed directly or indirectly by Animals and human beings. Such toxic materials lead to health issues of Skin, liver, cancer, blood etc.
Comments: Hence polluted Bharalu is a threat to Human and other Bio life which are necessary. Apart from this the life of equipment is getting reduced and affecting residents financially Major Polluting Bodies in Guwahati –Bharalu and Borsola Beel
Major Water bodies in Guwahati (as shown in Blue)
However , the major Concern are Borsola Beel and Bharalu River which are polluting the City
Technology Options – available today for treatment of polluted Bharalu Drain and Borsola Beel.
To overcome the pollution contributed by drains, there are few options that can be considered as treatment options. These options can be broadly classified in two categories as follows:
1. Conventional Sewage Treatment Plants, 2. In-Situ Sewage Treatment
A) Conventional treatment Technology, ASP (Activated Sludge Process)
In conventional activated sludge process, the sewage is aerated in aeration basins in which micro- organism metabolize the soluble and suspended organic matter. Part of the organic matter is synthesized in to new cells and part is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water to derive energy. The new cells formed in the reactions are removed from the liquid stream in the form of a flocculent sludge in the settling tanks. A part of the activated sludge is recycled to the aeration basin and the remaining forms waste or excess sludge. It is mainly constructed for BOD and TSS removal and is not suitable to treat waste water for nutrient and odor removal. This shall require huge land and power to operate equipment.
These types of plants have mostly been set up so far. These are in use for treatment of Sewage but not effective for comprehensive treatment
B) Modified Ludzak –Ettinger (MLE) Process
It is the most common process used for biological nitrogen removal in municipal waste water treatment. The process consists of an anoxic tank followed by the aeration tank where nitrification occurs. Nitrate produced in the aeration tank is recycled back to the anoxic tank where it is reduced to nitrogen gas. Major BOD removal takes place in aeration tank. This shall require huge land and power for operate equipment. It shall also be very costly to construct and OM cost.
C) Conventional Treatment Technology, SBR (Sequential Batch Reactor):
A Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) is a fill and draw activated sludge treatment system. The unit processes involved in the SBR and Conventional Activated Sludge Systems are identical. Aeration and sedimentation/ clarification are carried out in both systems. However, there is one important difference, in conventional plants the processes are carried out simultaneously in separate tanks, whereas in SBR operation the processes are carried out sequentially in the same tank. All wastewater commonly treated by conventional activated sludge plants can be treated with SBRs. This shall require land and huge power to operate equipment. It shall also be very costly to construct and OM cost
D) Conventional Treatment Technology, Biological Oxidation and Filtration Process:
The Biological Filter is the up-flow type submerged media biological filtration Technology using the principle of attached growth process for the biological oxidation of dissolved organics and ammonia present in effluent. It has highly compact layout and well suited for variable loads. The diffused aeration system is a part of biological filtration units. The biggest disadvantage of this process is the high requirement of chemicals such as Ferric Chloride at the stage of primary clarifier and addition of Methanol, required as external carbon source for denitrification in post anoxic tank which shall increase the operation and maintenance cost.
E) UASB -Conventional Treatment Technology, Anaerobic process based process
Photo of UASB Plant
UASB Anaerobic process in brief
The up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) is a single tank process in an anaerobic centralized or decentralized industrial wastewater or waste water treatment system achieving high removal of organic pollutants. Wastewater enters the reactor from the bottom, and flows upward. A suspended sludge blanket filters and treats the wastewater as the wastewater flows through it. Bacteria living in the sludge break down organic matter by anaerobic digestion, transforming it into biogas. Solids are also retained by a filtration effect of the blanket. The upflow regime and the motion of the gas bubbles allow mixing without mechanical assistance. Baffles at the top of the reactor allow gases to escape and prevent an outflow of the sludge blanket. As all aerobic treatments, UASB require a post-treatment to remove pathogens, but due to a low removal of nutrients, the effluent water as well as the stabilized sludge can be used in agriculture but with caution.
But to set up such a plant is costly, both Capex and Opex , requiring large land, use of chemicals F) Biotechnology based in situ treatment of drains:
These in situ treatments can be divided broadly in to following classifications:
I. Use of Non Pathogenic bacteria developed external to Natural Source
II. Use of Micro-Algae based consortia having natural aerobic bacteria attached to it (Phycoremediation). It is a comprehensive treatment by itself III. Use of external Nutrition to grow bio life in waste water IV. Combination of above 1 and 3
a) Basis of Comparison of conventional technologies
All conventional treatment technology for sewage treatment processes are considered from various points of view as under:
➢ Power requirements ➢ Land Requirement ➢ Capital costs. ➢ Operating costs. ➢ Simplicity in operations ➢ By-product recovery and; ➢ Effluent quality etc.
b) In situ Sewage treatment
➢ Immediate treatment ➢ Less Capital cost ➢ Less Operation & Maintenance cost ➢ Ease of Operation ➢ No extra space / area requirement for construction. ➢ No Power requirement
Based on the above parameters, comparison has been made between conventional technology and bacteria based treatment versus Phycoremediation. The comparison has been made in following pages.
The comparison in the following pages has been done on two fronts:
• Conventional System of water Treatment Vs. Phycoremediation • Bacteria based Bio remediation Vs. Phyco based bioremediation
The latter comparison makes it clear that out of in situ treatment technologies, Algae is far better a technology and it is the latest technology being used.
SELECTION OF TREATMENT OPTION-COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIES
Comparison of Technologies Conventional Versus Phyco – Most suited to Guwahati
The following is the comparison of technologies which can be suited for treatment of open drains in Guwahati
PARAMET PHYCO- ADVANTAGE OF ER STP/ETP/WTP REMEDIATION PHYCO
CAPITAL Rs. 2-2.5 Cr/MLD ( Less than 70% of SAVING OF CAPITAL COST Incl. Land) STP/CETP COST by 70 %
OPERATING COST Rs. 9-10 /KLD Rs. 5-6 /KLD About 50% REDUCTION TIME TO SET UP 20-24 MONTHS 1-3 MONTHS FASTER OPERATION
COST OF 50-60 % OF 5 % OF OPERATING Almost NEGLIGIBLE ENERGY OPERATING COST COST ENERGY COST ENERGY USED NO COST AS SUN ELECTRICITY SUNLIGHT ENERGY IS FREE BY NATURE PART OF TECHNOLOGY NO TOXIC NO CARICINOGENIC USE OF TOXIC CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS USED – MATERIAL USED TECH. CHEMICALS ORGANIC NO-ONLY EXTERNAL SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA YES BACTERIA SAFER pH DIFFICULT TO ALGAE CAN STABILIZATION ON WORK IF ON WORK FROM WIDE RANGE EXTREME ACIDIC EXTREME SIDE TO BASIC ( 1-14) BOD >90 % > 90% SIMILAR
COD/E-COLI ETC REDUCTION BETTER > 90% >95% THAN STP
NOT POSSIBL VERY EFFECTIVE IN NITRATE E UP TO 80% NITRATE REMOVAL TO REMOVE SLUDGE NOT UP TO 80% EFFECTIVE IN REMOVAL POSSIBL REMOVAL OF SLUDGE E TO REMOVE SUSTAINABL E NO YES HIGHLY SUSTAINABLE HEAVY NO METALS REDUCTI REMOVES MORE ON THAN 70-80% HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
ONLY THIS NATURAL SETS NATURAL TECHNOLOGY CAN DO FOOD CHAIN NO FOOD CHAIN IT CAN REMOVE CALCIUM CARBONATE HARDNESS CANNOT HARDNESS BY 70% CAN BE BROKEN BY REMOVE ALGAE INCREASE IN NOT DISSOLVED VERY VERY EFFECTIVE PROMOTE BIO-LIFE EFFECTI OXYGEN VE Fertile water & Highly Fertile for bio SHALL HELP IN Sludge No fertilizer IMPROVING HEALTH OF AGRICUTURAL LAND AND ORGANIC VEGETABLES & CEREALS
Hence from above table it can be concluded that Phycoremediation is very comprehensive and integrated process for in situ treatment of Waste water in drains and ponds as well
Comparison between in Situ processes:
Micro-Algae based Bio- Remediation Bacteria based Bio-Remediation
Micro-Algae and bacteria are in symbiotic Like in the case of Activated Sludge Processes, relationship which makes them very robust bacterial systems are extremely vulnerable to and invulnerable to high fluctuations in incoming loads. incoming load.
Can reduce COD, BOD, Fecal and Total Can remove only COD and coliform, Ammoniacal nitrogen, BOD nitrates and phosphates as well as stabilize pH
System is photosynthetic and so oxygen System is not oxygen evolving and has no impact on evolving. This leads to a boost in biotic life biotic life.
Micro-Algae used are a part of the natural Bacteria used can be pathogenic for persons with less food chain and completely non-pathogenic. immunity. They are definitely not a part of the Even if they are drained into a larger river, natural food chain and might not support biological they will support biological diversity instead diversity. of hampering it.
Micro-Algae are self-sustaining and can Bacteria used are not always self-sustainable. Their have a significant impact downstream for impact will be very localized. many miles. Bacteria used have no such properties
It can remove heavy metals / Carcinogenic material /Chromium etc. from Waste water Hardly people use bacteria for Bio-remediation for More than 98 % of Natural water in the large water bodies. Their adverse effect on long term world uses Algae for Bio-remediation as use is still not known. gifted by Nature and we just replicate the process used by Nature for cleaning Water
Algae remove sludge at benthic level Not known to remove sludge
Hence Phycoremediation is a better choice
Based on above comparison, we recommend Phycoremediation for use in Borsola Beel and Bharalu
About technology - Phycoremediation
Phycoremediation is defined as the use of either macro-algae or micro-algae (Using Sun Light and Carbon Di Oxide) for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants, including nutrients and Xenobiotic from Waste Water.
Green Micro-Algae carries out Photosynthesis using Sun Light and absorbing Carbon Di-Oxide .We use green micro- algae for Purification of the Air & Water and reducing Carbon Foot Prints
Micro Algae is like micro Aquatic Plants and highly effective in cleaning water and Air
Broad areas of treatment – Drains, Lakes, Ponds, STP and Industry Our experience in treatment of water bodies
River Mausam at Malegaon Pond at Mainath, Aligarh
Afer initial Treatment After treatment
22 Parameters of Mausam River before treatment
Parameters Dyane Mausam Chandanpuri pH 8.93 7.5 7.5 BOD (ppm) 283 164 66 COD (ppm) 833 476 188 NH3-N (ppm) 2.75 4 4.1 E.coli (MPN/100 ml) 49 9.2 x 105 9.2 x 104 Total coliform (MPN/100 9.2 x 104 5.4 x 106 9.2 x 106 ml)
Parameters of Mausam River after treatment
Parameters Dyane Mausam Chandanpuri pH 7.01 7.37 7.76 COD (ppm) 14 24 21 NH3-N (ppm) 0.63 1.45 2.63 E.coli (MPN/100 ml) 94 280 540 Total coliform (MPN/100 170 920 540 ml)
Comparison of Results of Aligarh Pond before and After treatment
% BEFORE AFTER PARAMETERS REDUCTION TREATMENT TREATMENT
90.0% COD 900 PPM 80 PPM
92.7% BOD 220 PPM 16 PPM
99.4% TURBIDITY 2213 NTU 11.71 NTU
TOTAL COLIFORM 5X105 1.6 X 103 99.7% (MPN PER 100 ML)
E.COLI 2.1 X 103 8 99.6% (MPN PER 100 ML)
According to our experience no conventional or unconventional technology is as effective and Economical as Phycoremediation and without affecting Ecology.
Initial condition of Jhansi Pond
Water hyacinth was removed physically
Condition after removal of Water hyacinth
Condition after 8 weeks of treatment
Our Observations during Treatment
nd th A) Change in Color of Pond Water ( from 22 OCT 2017 to 28 NOV 2017)
( Dark Grey-Blackish) (Light Grey-to –Brownish)
Drastic Change in the Color of the Water in cluding transparency(28TH NOV 2017)
Second phase of treatment at Jhansi Talab was started from 11th to 28th NOV 2017 The following was achieved distinctly after second phase of treatment:-
1. There was absolutely no foul or stinking smell. This was confirmed by the Priest and other in the Lakshmi Temple and the people working around & also people working near Shiva Temple
2. The Priest of the Lakshmi temple also confirmed that the there was no deposition of Black soot on the Idol of Goddess Lakshmi since the time of First phase of treatment. This proves that Hydrogen Sulphide and Methane or other Poisonous Gases were no longer there in the air
3. The Water had become more transparent and improvement in the visibility of Water and also clarity of reflection in Water
4. We had got the Water tested from ITC Lab dated 27th NOV 2017 and it was found to have the following Parameters :-
Parameters Method Standard Results CO rd 1 D APHA -23 Edition 250 216 2 BOD IS-3025(44) 30 73 rd 3 TKN APHA -23 Edition 100 52 E- rd 4 Coli APHA -23 Edition/IS 5000 540 rd 5 Total Coliform APHA -23 Edition - 1600
NB: It may be noted that the pond was not cleaned for last 15 years and about 1.7 Crore Liter (17 MLD) of untreated water was falling in to the Pond The Entire Pond ( 80 Acres) was laden with water hyacinth. We just treated a part of it
Original condition of entire Pond
26 What we plan to do for treatment – for Bharlu Drain –Macro Planning
Identification of all points and sources of Pollution
Customized culture of Micro Algae consortia for each drain/Water body
Keeping sludge Management in view
Keeping Septage management in view
Keeping Solid Management in view
To protect ecological environment for necessary bio life
Methodology of Treatment – If Phycoremediation is adopted to treat Bharalu –Borsola Beel
By using this technology, variety of projects for the treatment of wastewater in Open Drains, River, Lakes, Ponds, Sewage Treatment Plants, ETP have been successfully implemented with good results.
Basically the project involves the following
• Physical Survey of all Drains & Laterals& Borsola Beel PHASE 1 • Sampling of Waste water and Testing • Selection of Dozing sites and making HRAP • Calculation of Dosing Pattern
• Mobilization of Project PHASE 2 • Installation of Dosing Systems • Cleaning of accumulated Floatables
• Preparation of Active dosing Solution
• Commencing Operation of cleaning
Time Frame:
Phase 1 : 4 weeks
Phase 2 : 8 weeks
Phase 3 : 10 weeks
NB : As per our survey and study , we are of the opinion that Borsola Beel should be the focus of attention for cleaning Borsola for the following resasons; ➢ Water is moving at very slow pace ➢ Retention time for Algae is more , So advanced Phycoremediation can be used economically
➢ It has excess nutition forAlgae to grow
➢ Surface area to Sun light is very large ➢ Space available for dozing on both sides ➢ It can effectively feed Bharalu by itself and initiate the process of Phycoremediation in Bharalu even without treating Bharalu by itself
➢ Brahamputra will be relatively more clean near Bhrarlu mukh
Schematic Diagram for growing Algae and Dozing Inoculum. Borsola Beel
Red Arrow shows Bharalu Brahamputra
Borsola Beel
High Rate Algal Diesel Diesel Pump 1 Pump 2 Pond orTanker
Using Diesel Pump 1 to pump water
Adding initial Algae Consortia Adding organic Nutrition
The main dozing will in Borsola Beel, which is finally merging in to Bharalu which is again merging in to Brahamputra
Hence by treating Borsola Beel, Bharalu will be treated to a very large extent and there will be no further treatment required in Bharalu if treatment goes on for few years. This is the most economic model that we perceive.
Steps to grow Algae:-
1. To make Algal Ponds ( 2 No’s) -Size 25 M x10 M x 1 M (To be decided after field study)
2. To lay PP lining to stop seepage. To grow Micro Algae Consortia in a small tank -1000 L to begin with and then multiply further in HRAP by adding Water from River and Nutrition
3. Keep on repeating step no 3 till sufficient Consortia is grown till about 5 million Liters is grown – This may take about 2-3 months
4. Start dozing when approximately 1 Million Liter inoculum is grown
5. We will begin with addition 0.5 % of total flow for about 10-15 days , then weekly and then fortnightly
6. Start Monitoring pH at various time intervals in the Beel and Bharalu
Cost Estimates –
Item: Rate Testing of water, selection of the right micro algae consortia, development of the right nutrient profile. Rs. 1,50,00,000.00 construction of High Rate Algal pond at site, designing (Rupees One Crore fifty lakh) the dosing pattern, dosing as per design at designated only points, periodic testing, providing man and machine for this purpose for a period of 12 months.
N.B : Land for the HRAP to be provided free of cost. Removal of water hyacinth and other hydrophytes Is not under the scope of work.
Revenue Model:
Though Algae has multiple models of Revenue genration but to begin with , we propose to concentrate on Fish Culture – The water quality will improve to sustain fish culture.
Implementation of Action Plan for rejuvenation of polluted river stretches under Priority-I & II (Annexure II) (GMC part) Type Action Points Responsib Time Decisions taken in the meeting Comment le targeted Authority Interce b) Concerned department PCBA/Mu 2 years a) PCBA to take necessary action and furnish Guwahati Municipal Corporation has ption should design the nicipal (August, report by 06.02.2020 been cleaning the following water and installation of Sewage Corporati 2019 to b & e. GDD department WILL Examine the current bodies regularly: treatm Treatment Plant (STP) based on/ULBs/ March, status of the STP projects taken up by the 1. Bharalu River ent of on flaw details of the drains District 2021) Guwahati Jal Board and Guwahat Smart Cities 2. Mora Bharalu raw and utilization capacity and Administr Ltd. Status report may be submitted within 3. Bahini sewage ensure that each ation 06.02.2020 4. Lakhimijan households are connected Water Representative of Jal Shakti Ministry highlighted 5. Basistha Channel to the sewers as applicable. resource that the DPR for the STPs should be in conformity The beels and pamohi channel are departme with the guidelines of nrcd.in of the Ministry. being cleaned by GMDA nt GMC will take urgent steps to shift the dumped solid wastes in the river/beels and maintain the required cleanliness of the water. SE (M), PWD (B) & NHD will subkit a proposal to the PCBA & GDD with cost estimates for immediate bio remediation (in situ) of Bharalu River, Silsako, Borsola and Sarusola Beels. GDD will take action to float RFP?EOI accordingly. The status report may be submitted by 06.02.2020. c) Sewage Treatment plant C & d. Guwahati development Department will Discharge of toilet and sewage to the should also consider ensure through GMC, the prevention of discharge targeted rivers is not allowed. A total of treatment and disposal of from toilet and sewage to the four targeted 4697 nos. of toilets has been constructed sewage of river catchment river/beels (including toilets constructed under and geo tagged under Swatchh Bharat area settlement including swatch Bharat Mission. Mission. discharge from toilets Status report will be submitted by 06.02.2020. constructed under Swachh Bharat Mission d) To trap the discharge using strainers before falling into river. e) Channelization including Same as b. diversion of sewage generated from households to sewer lines/interception of al the drains presently carrying sewage and for using proper treatment through the upcoming STPs. Local administration should provide pucca latrines to all the households through Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) Scheme under Swatchh Bharat Mission. f) Local administration f. UDD will take necessary action and furnish a should provide pucca status report by 06.02.2020 latrines to all the households through Individual Households Latrine (IHHL) Scheme under Swatchh Bharat Mission
Ground a) Conducting survey PCBA/CG Continuous A to e: PCBA and Central ground water Authority Provision for rain water harvesting has Water regarding ground water WA will take necessary action and furnish status already been incorporated in a building by Assess using by category wise report by 06.02.2020 laws for Guwahati. ment such as domestic, GDD will inform the status of notification of community, industries etc. revised building by laws and highlight provisions and also identification of of rain water harvesting and anti pollution over exploited and critical measures. blocks in the river stretches with respect to the ground water extraction. b) Carry out assessment of ground water survey in the catchment area of the identification polluted stretch once in a year to ensure quality Flood f) Prohibition of disposal of Municipal 6 Months f. GDD (through GMC) and DM Kamrup m) will Disposal of municipal waste, plastic, bio Plain municipal, plastic, Corporati (February, furnish action taken reprt by 06.02.2020 medical wastes etc. in the river bodies are Zone biomedical and other on 2020 to July, prohibited. wastes in the polluted 2020 stretch of the river bank Solid a) Prohibition of direct Guwahati 3 Months A& b. GMC and WR deptt will furnish status Disposal of municipal waste, plastic, bio Waste disposal of solid waste in Municipal (November, report by 06.02.2020 medical wastes etc. in the river banks are the river banks. Corporati 2019 to prohibited. b) Frequent River Suface on January, Guwahati Municipal Corporation has cleaning by removal of 2020) been cleaning the following water debris, plastics etc. bodies regularly: 6. Bharalu River 7. Mora Bharalu 8. Bahini 9. Lakhimijan 10. Basistha Channel The beels and pamohi channel are being cleaned by GMDA Public a) Awareness programs to Guwahati Continuous PCBA and GMC will take all steps necessary for The awareness generation on open Aware highlight the issues Municipal awareness generation on open defecation, defecation, discharge of solid waste is ness related with the direct Corporati discharge of solid wastes and conservation of being done continuously. Recently GMC discharge of soild waste on water. Status report may be submitted within hold 31 awareness meting in 31 wards in and open defecation 06.02.2020 this matter. Further the SHGs are being encouraged for a creation of awareness.
.eislE l+to- ri: tr-* T}FF'ICE OF THE MANAGING DIRECTOS i"--+ ,.i :i 5h ASSAM .,_..t:,.::r-:j 56 URBAN WATER S!.'trPLY AND SE}ryERAGE BSARD . ::: il - 1,ii"r ::",.,+ I r'ij {.} {A GOIVERNL4ENT OF ASSAM Lr-NJDERTAKIhIC) . :; ' '\ *d- -Emq q$rq +i'l* sifsirfr Eijq" &iEisqr& +f, No uws(r)- 24rtlzorsr *fJa t Date: 12-02-2A20 To, . ./ The Joint Secretary to the Govt. of Assam. V Urban Development Department, Dispur, Guwahati-6. Sub : Information. Ref (+ E-mail Dtd.. 12.02-202a From urban Development Departnrent Sir, With reference to the above, I would like to inform you that the Board has submitted herewith the report per as format enclosed via email for [email protected] as directed. This is for favour of your kind information. Yours fiithfully, g^h",, ManagE[g Director, Assam Urban Water Supply and u Sewerage Board, Guwahati:6. 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GUWAHATl-6. No. GDD.203/2019 /166 Dated, Dispur the 15th February, 2020 From : Smti. Kavyashree Mahanta, ACS Joint Secretary to the Govt. of Assam. Guwahati Development Department. To 1. The Commissioner, Guwahati Municipal Corporation, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001. 2. The Chief Executive Officer Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority, Bhangagarh, Guwahati-5. 3. The Managing Director, Guwahati Smart City Ltd., 4th Floor, Aditya Tower, Opp. Down Town Hospital, Dispur. Sub Action Taken Report on the actions to be taken by GMC as per discussion of the meeting regarding implementation of Action Plan for rejuvenation of polluted river stretches in compliance ofHon'ble NGT's order dated 29.11.2019 passed in OA No. 673/2018 held on 14.02.2020 at Finance Department, Dispur. Sir, With reference to the subject cited above, I am directed to enclose herewith a copy of the minutes of the meeting held on 04.02.2020 under the chairmanship of Commissioner & Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Env & Forest Deptt. and to take follw up action regarding the following points as per the points in the minutes : 1. DPR preparation ofSTPs to be completed within 1 month. 2. Till construction of STPs, Bioremediation measures to be adopted and a project report is to be prepared on it. Moreover, a consultancy is to be engaged for smooth functioning of the same. 3. Preparation of Action Plan on Bharalu, Borsola and Silsaku river and the modality should be as per Action Plan submitted by PCBC. You are therefore, requested to prepare and submit an Action plan on the points relevant to you for onward submission to Environment and Forest department, Dispur within one month. Yours faithfully, Joint Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Guwahati Development Department. Dated, Dispur the 15th February, 2020 Memo No. GDD.203/2019/166-A Copy to:- d, The Joint Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Environment and Forest department. This has reference to the decisions taken in the subsequent meeting on 14.02.2020. 2. P.S. to Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, GDD for kind appraisal of the Secretary. By order etc., Jo;otSecretacy~ , Guwahati Development Department. List of Nodal Officers for implementation of action plan for polluted river stretches in Assam (Annexure – VI) S.No Name of the Nodal Officer Department Designation Contact No. E mail ID 1 Shri Y. Suryanarayan Environment & Forest Addl. PCCF & 9435078867 Department Chairman, PCBA 2 Guwahati Municipal Corporation 3 Shri Rajendra Prasad Das Water Resource Department Secretary 9435198966 4 Public Health Engineering Department 5 Tourism Department 6 Shri Shantanoo Public Works Department Superintending 9957567647 Shantanoobhattacharyya Bhattacharyya Engineer (Mechanical) @yahoo.com 7 Shri Dilip Kumar Das Revenue and Disaster Secretary 9864036481 Management Department 8 Guwahati Development Department 9 Shri Umananda Doley Urban Development Secretary Department 10 Shri B. Ray RD, Central Ground Water Sr. Hydrogeologist Board, NER 11 Omar Ali Badshah Soil Conservation Department Joint secretary 9365647653 [email protected] 12 Shri Mridul Dev Adhikary Pollution Control Board Sr. Environmental 9435143143 [email protected] Assam Scientist List of Polluted river Stretches in Assam based on January-November, 2019 Data Priority Polluted Stretches As per CPCB Report 2016 Revised list as per recent monitoring (PCBA Jan- Nov 2019) Priority-I 3 5 Priority-II 1 NIL Priority-III 4 NIL Priority-IV 3 NIL Priority-V 33 10 Less - - polluted Total 44 15 List enclosed along with data from Jan 2019 to Nov 2019 Note: In Brahmaputra River, there were 06 Nos. of sampling locations. Similarly Deepor Beel has 02 sampling locations. Polluted River Stretch wise Gap Analysis in Sewage Generation & Treatment in Assam Stretch : Bharalu River near Pragjyotish College (P-I) ULB Numbers Sewage Sewage Gap in Capacity of Generation Treatment Treatment Proposed STP Municipal 1 70740 KLD NIL 70740 KLD 03 Nos. Corporation 15 MLD 25 MLD and 35 MLD Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat Gram Panchayat Total Stretch : Borsola Beel (P-I) ULB Numbers Sewage Sewage Gap in Capacity of Generation Treatment Treatment Proposed STP Municipal 1 13176 KLD NIL 13176 KLD 15 MLD Corporation Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat Gram Panchayat Total Stretch : Silsako Beel (P-I) ULB Numbers Sewage Sewage Gap in Capacity of Generation Treatment Treatment Proposed STP Municipal 1 42336 KLD NIL 42336 KLD 45 MLD Corporation Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat Gram Panchayat Total Stretch : Sorusola Beel (P-II) ULB Numbers Sewage Sewage Gap in Capacity of Generation Treatment Treatment Proposed STP Municipal 1 8640 KLD NIL 8640 KLD No STP is Corporation proposed. Installation of Mechanical aerator by using a combined system of low energy compressors and diffusers is proposed. Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat Gram Panchayat Total BOD Value mg/l Priority Sl. Polluted River Stretches (P-I Oct- Nov- No. to P-V) Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 19 19 BHARALU RIVER AT GUWAHATI, I 1 ASSAM 18 38 48 54 54 76 44 42 50 50.2 54 Not 2 BARAK AT PANCHAGRAM , ASSAM 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 Polluted JHANJI AT N.H. CROSSING JORHAT, Not 3 ASSAM 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.8 Polluted Not 4 DHANSIRI AT GOLAGHAT, ASSAM 1.7 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.4 2.8 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.1 Polluted BHOGDOI RIVER AT JORHAT , Not 5 ASSAM 2.2 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 Polluted DIGBOI RIVER AT LAKHIPATHE, V 6 RESERVE FOREST, DIGBOI 5.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.1 3.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 Not 7 MORA BHARALI AT TEZPUR, ASSAM 2.2 2.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.1 Polluted DISANG RIVER AT DILLIGHAT, Not 8 DIBRUGARH DIST., ASSAM 1.3 2.6 2.0 2.8 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 Polluted KHARSANG BEFORE CONFLUENCE Not 9 WITH BURIDIHING NEAR Polluted KHARSANG 2.4 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 JAI BHARALI RIVER NEAR Not 10 BISWANATH CHARALI, SONITPUR 2.4 2.8 2.8 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.6 2.5 1.5 2.1 1.6 Polluted BOD Value mg/l Priority Sl. Polluted River Stretches (P-I Oct- Nov- No. to P-V) Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 19 19 PAGLDIA RIVER NEAR NALBARI Not 11 TOWN, DIST. NALBARI, AS 2.2 2.7 1.8 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 Polluted KOHORA RIVER AT N.H. CROSSING, Not 12 KOHORA, ASSAM (BRAH 1.8 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.0 2.2 Polluted BOGINADI NEAR BRIDGE NH-52, Not 13 LAKHIMPUR, ASSAM 1.7 2.8 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.4 2.4 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.1 Polluted RANGA NADI D/S OF HYDEL Not 14 PROJECT, ASSAM 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.4 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.3 Polluted PANCHNAI RIVER AT NH-52 Not 15 CROSSING, ORANG, ASSAM 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 Polluted KAPILI RIVER AT DHARMTUL Not 16 BRIDGE, NH-31, NAGAON, AS 1.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 1.1 1.7 2.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.8 Polluted KOLONG RIVER AT U/S OF Not 17 ANANDARAM DEKIAL PHUKAN BRI 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 Polluted BEKI RIVER AT NH-37 CROSSING AT Not 18 BARPETA ROAD, ASSA 0.4 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 Polluted Not 19 SANKOSH RIVER, DHUBRI, ASSAM 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 Polluted Not 20 SONAI RIVER AT SONAI, ASSAM 2.0 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 Polluted DIKRONG RIVER NEAR BRIDGE AT Not 21 NH-52, BANDARDEWA 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.0 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.3 Polluted BAROI RIVER, NEAR BRIDGE AT NH- Not 22 52, BISWANATH DIST 1.3 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 Polluted BOD Value mg/l Priority Sl. Polluted River Stretches (P-I Oct- Nov- No. to P-V) Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 19 19 GABHARU RIVER NEAR BRIDGE AT Not 23 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 NH-52, NEAR TUMIUKI, Polluted BEGA RIVER, MG ROAD, Not 24 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 MANGALDOI Polluted DIKHOW RIVER AT DIKHOMUKH Not 25 CONFLUENCE WITH Polluted BRAHAMPUTRA 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 KILLING RIVER IN MORIGAON Not 26 2.7 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.4 DISTRICT Polluted KULSI RIVER AT CHAYGAON NEAR Not 27 NH37 CROSSING 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 Polluted PUTHIMARI RIVER NEAR Not 28 PUTHIMARI CHOWK AT NH Polluted CROSSING 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.5 BURHIDIHING AT MARGHERITA, Not 29 ASSAM 2.1 2.0 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 Polluted BRAHAMPUTRA AT NIMATIGHAT, Not 30 ASSAM 0.7 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 Polluted BRAHMPUTRA RIVER AT Not 31 DHENUKHAPAHAR, ASSAM 1.1 2.5 1.2 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 Polluted BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER AT Not 32 CHANDRAPUR, GUWAHATI, ASSAM 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 Polluted BRAHMPUTRA RIVER AT Not SUALKUCHI, DIST. KAMRUP, Polluted 33 ASSAM 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.8 BOD Value mg/l Priority Sl. Polluted River Stretches (P-I Oct- Nov- No. to P-V) Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 19 19 BRAHMPUTRA RIVER NEAR WATER Not 34 INTAKE POINT AT KACHARIGHAT 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 Polluted BRAHAMPUTRA RIVER AT Not 35 BOGIBEEL BRIDGE, BOGIBEEL 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.0 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 Polluted DEEPAR BEEL AT BORAGAON NEAR V 36 IASST, GUWAHATI, ASSAM 2.6 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 DEEPAR BEEL, DHARAPUR V 37 CHARIALI, GUWAHATI 2.7 4.1 4.8 4.8 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 V BOR BEEL AT JAKAI., ASSAM 38 4.1 4.5 4.0 1.3 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 TENGA PUKHURI AT V 39 TENGAPUKHURI 3.2 3.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 HOLUDUNGA BEEL NEAR GAI V 40 NADI/ RIVER AT SOMARAJAN, 1.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 BORDOIBAM BEELMUKH BIRD V 41 SANCTUARY, DHEMAJI 5.0 5.2 2.9 2.9 2.4 1.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 SAMAGURI BEEL IN NAGAON Not 42 DISTRICT 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.8 2.5 1.8 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 Polluted MALINI BEEL NEAR INDUTRIAL V 43 AREA AT RAMNAGAR 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 2.8 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.3 V SON BEEL WATER AT KARIMGANJ 44 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.5 1.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.1 2.0 V PARASHALI BEEL AT DEMORIA 45 1.8 5.0 4.4 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.0 BOD Value mg/l Priority Sl. Polluted River Stretches (P-I Oct- Nov- No. to P-V) Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 19 19 I KAMALPUR BEEL, KAMALPUR 46 78.0 48.0 28.0 28.0 19.0 18.4 29.2 26.0 28.0 30.0 22.0 SILSAKO BEEL, CHACHAL, I 47 GUWAHATI 32.0 46.0 62.0 46.2 24.0 23.4 16.0 27.0 18.0 17.2 18.0 SORU SOLA BEEL, PALTAN BAZAR, I 48 GUWAHATI 34.0 22.0 20.2 18.5 14.0 16.2 26.0 26.0 34.0 30.0 26.2 BORSOLA BEEL, SARABBHATTI, I 49 GUWAHATI 34.0 16.0 22.1 20.1 20.0 19.3 28.0 28.0 32.0 28.0 28.0 DIPLAI BEEL AT SILGARA, Not 50 KOKRAJHAR 1.0 1.6 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.7 Polluted CATEGORY WISE GROUND WATER USES DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCE OF KAMRUP URBAN AREA Ground Water Extraction (in ham) Annual extractable Ground Net Annual G.W. Stage of GW Quantity Water Resource availability for Extraction (in %) Categorization for Industrial Domestic Irrigation Total future use (in Future GW (in ham) ham) Development (Safe/Semi- Critical/Critical/Over Exploited) 1224.00 1758.74 0 2982.74 6578.93 3572.69 45.34 Safe Source: CGWB, NER, Guwahati A meeting of State Level Committee for reconciliation of Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Assam was convened on 18.02.2019 at Office Chamber of the Secretary, Irrigation Department, Assam Secretariat, Dispur, Assam. After thorough discussion all the members of the State Level committee agreed and accepted upon the figures in the draft report of Dynamic Ground Water Resources as assessed for the state of Assam including Kamrup Urban area (as on 31st March, 2017). LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN BHARALU RIVER Sl NAME OF THE UNIT ADDRESS OF THE UNIT e mail id No. 1 Guwahati Refinery P.O. : Noonmati, Guwahati, [email protected] Assam 781020 2 Diesel Shed New Guwahati, Bamunimaidan, Guwahati, Assam 781021 3 Guwahati Medical Bhangagarh, Guwahati-5. [email protected] College Hospital 4 Kiranshree SC Goswami Rd, Athgaon, Guwahati, Assam 781001 5 Monsoon Polymers CITI Complex, Kalapahar [email protected] Private Limited Industrial Area, Guwahati-16. 6 Assam Dyeing Works Cycle Factory Road, Fatashil [email protected] Ambari, Guwahati-25. 7 Panacea Clinical & Bhangagarh, Guwahati-5. [email protected] Laboratory 8 Hotel Asian Palace Guwahati Shillong Road, Lachit Nagar, Guwahati, Assam 781007 9 Sanjay Products Fatashil Bazar, Guwahati-9. [email protected] 10 Institute Of Human Bharalumukh, Guwahati-9. [email protected] Reproduction, (Goenka Nursing Home) 11 Kumar Nursing KRC Road,Kumarpara, [email protected] Home(A unit of Shrithi Guwahati-9. Foundation) 12 Rapid Diagnostic Sarab Bhati, Ghy-8. [email protected] Centre 13 Raja Restaurant GS Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 14 Makhan Bhog Royal Centre, Ground, GS Rd, [email protected] Opposite Deorah College, Ulubari, Guwahati, Assam 781007 15 Woodland Marriage Dr. B.K. Kakati Road, Ulubari, [email protected] Hall Guwahati-7, Kamrup (M) 16 Assam Plywood 61, B.K Kakati [email protected] (Signature Estate) Road,Ulubari,Guwahati-07 17 RK Life Services Pvt. Bora Service, G.S. Road, [email protected] Ltd. Apollo Clinic Kanchan Road, Ghy-7. 18 Nemcare Hospital GMCH Road, Guwahati-5. [email protected] 19 Nemcare Hospital Pvt GMCH Road, Guwahati-5. [email protected] Ltd 20 Pulse Diagnostic Bhangagarh,G.S.Road, Center Guwahati-5. 21 Primus Diagnostic Bhangagarh,G.S.Road, [email protected] Centre Guwahati-5. 22 Alcare Diagnostic Rajgarh Road, Bhangagarh, Centre Guwahati-5 23 Orthodontic Centre Prag Plaza Complex, [email protected] Bhangagarh, Guwahati-05. 24 Health Care Prag Plaza [email protected] Diagnostic Centre Complex,Bhangagarh, Guwahati-05. 25 Aruna Memorial Rajgarh Road, Bhangagarh, [email protected] Hospital Pvt. Ltd. Guwahati-5. 26 Apex Diagnostic Bhangagarh, GMCH Road, [email protected] Centre Guwahati-5 27 Bids, KN Baruah Rudraksh Mall, Bhangagarh, [email protected] Guwahati-5. 28 Midland Hospital Shreenager,R.G.Baruah Road, [email protected] Guwahati-05. 29 KAMRUP ICE & 191,R.G. Baruah Road, [email protected] COLD STORAGE Guwahati-05 COMPANY(Exotica Green) 30 Hariyana Charitable R .K.S. Chowdhury , Narayan Trust Nagar, Bharalumukh, Guwahati, Assam, 781009 31 East India Rudraksh Mall, Near [email protected] Hematological Bigbazar,Bhangagarh, G.S. Research Institute Road,Guwahati-5. LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN BORSOLA WETLAND Sl NAME OF THE ADDRESS OF THE UNIT e mail id No. UNIT 1 Marwari Sati Jaimati Road,Athgaon, [email protected] Hospitals(Aunit of Shree Marwari Databya Aushadhalaya) 2 Satribari Christian Athgaon, Guwahati-8. [email protected] Hospital 3 Lions Eye K.C. Chaudhury Path Near K.C. [email protected] Hospital Das Commerce College, Chatribari, Guwahati, Assam 781001 4 Arya Hospital A.M. Road, Opp. Apsara Cinema, [email protected] Rehabari, Guwahati - 781008 5 Hotel Atithi 7, AK Azad Rd, Opp. Nepali [email protected] Mandir, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 6 Hotel Rains Inn Solapara Rd, Opposite Capital [email protected] Tours & Travels, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 7 Hotel Fame city Guwahati-Shillong Road Paltan [email protected] Bazaar, Manipuri Rajbari, m Guwahati, Assam 781008 8 Hotel Nandan GS Rd, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan [email protected] Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 9 Hotel Mahalaxmi GS Rd, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan [email protected] Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 10 Hotel Kiranshree Manipuri E Rd, Paltan Bazaar, [email protected] Portico Guwahati, Assam 781008 11 Hotel Sagar Nepali Mandir Point, MD Shah Rd, PWD Colony, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 12 Hotel Rajmahal Assam Trunk Rd, Guwahati, [email protected] Assam 781001 13 Hotel Vishwaratna A. T. Road, Tokobari Rd, Opp, [email protected] Fancy Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781001 14 Hotel Trimurty Network Travels, GS Rd, International Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 15 Hotel Darbar 2nd & 3rd Floor, AK Azad Rd, opposite Nepali Mandir, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 16 Hotel Biswanath M.E Road, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 17 Hotel Geetanjali GS Road,Paltan Bazar, opp- V2 Shopping Mall Guwahati India 781008 18 Hotel Azolla Guwahati Shillong Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 19 Hotel Prince K C Sen Road, Paltan Bazar, Guwahati 20 Hotel Maharaja GS Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN SORUSOLA WETLAND Sl NAME OF THE ADDRESS OF THE UNIT e mail id No. UNIT 1 Marwari Sati Jaimati Road,Athgaon, [email protected] Hospitals(Aunit of Shree Marwari Databya Aushadhalaya) 2 Satribari Christian Athgaon, Guwahati-8. [email protected] Hospital 3 Lions Eye Hospital K.C. Chaudhury Path Near K.C. [email protected] Das Commerce College, Chatribari, Guwahati, Assam 4 Arya Hospital A.M. Road, Opp. Apsara Cinema, [email protected] Rehabari, Guwahati - 781008 5 Hotel Atithi 7, AK Azad Rd, Opp. Nepali Mandir, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan [email protected] 6 Hotel Rains Inn SolaparaBazaar, Guwahati, Rd, Opposite Assam Capital 781008 [email protected] Tours & Travels, Paltan Bazaar, 7 Hotel Fame city Guwahati-ShillongGuwahati, Assam 781008Road Paltan Bazaar, Manipuri Rajbari, [email protected] 8 Hotel Nandan GSGuwahati, Rd, Manipuri Assam Rajbari, 781008 Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 [email protected] 9 Hotel Mahalaxmi GS Rd, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 [email protected] 10 Hotel Kiranshree Manipuri E Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Portico Guwahati, Assam 781008 [email protected] 11 Hotel Sagar Nepali Mandir Point, MD Shah Rd, PWD Colony, Paltan Bazaar, 12 Hotel Rajmahal Assam Trunk Rd, Guwahati, Assam 781001 [email protected] 13 Hotel Vishwaratna A. T. Road, Tokobari Rd, Opp, Fancy Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam [email protected] 14 Hotel Trimurty Network781001 Travels, GS Rd, Manipuri International Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, 15 Hotel Darbar Assam2nd & 3rd781008 Floor, AK Azad Rd, opposite Nepali Mandir, Manipuri Rajbari, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, 16 Hotel Biswanath M.E Road, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 17 Hotel Geetanjali GS Road,Paltan Bazar, opp- V2 Shopping Mall Guwahati India 18 Hotel Azolla Guwahati781008 Shillong Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 19 Hotel Prince K C Sen Road, Paltan Bazar, Guwahati 20 Hotel Maharaja GS Rd, Paltan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam 781008 LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN SILSAKO WETLAND Sl NAME OF THE ADDRESS OF THE UNIT e mail id No. UNIT 1 Hotel Ginger IHM Campus VIP Road Borbari, [email protected] Upper, Hengrabari, Guwahati, Assam 781036