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Environmental Change Through Capacity Building

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Environmental Change Through Capacity Building Many developing countries are unable to fulfil their obligations as signatories of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) as they tackle increasingly complex scientific and technical issues. Inadequate human, financial, and technical capacity are some of the constraints that severely impact their ability to implement MEAs. In order to address this pressing issue, the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have joined forces with the European Commission (EC) and the ACP Secretariat (African, Caribbean, Pacific Group of States Secretariat) and regional organizations, namely, the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), the Caribbean Community Secretariat (CARICOM) and the African Union Commission (AUC) to enhance the capacity of African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries to improve the implementation of specific MEAs. Environmental Change through The Programme is designed to build institutional and national capacity with a Capacity Building: focus on synergistic implementation. Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific To know more, visit acpmeas.info Capacity-building related to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries An initiative of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States funded by the European Union © – United Nations Environment Programme, 2017 Publication: Environmental change through capacity building: Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific – capacity building related to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries Published in March 2017 ISBN No:978-92-807-3631-1 Job No: DEL/2084/NA Produced by UN Environment, Law Division Director of Publication: Mamadou Kane, ACP MEAs Programme Manager Editors: Anjana Varma, Francisco Rilla, Raphaelle Vignol, Mamadou Kane (UN Environment, Law Division) Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UN environment concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reproduction Citation UN Environment (2017). Environmental Change through Capacity Building: Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific – Capacity building related to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. This publication is available online at: www.unep.org/environmentalgovernance/ Photo credits for the front cover (starting from top left photo, Left to Right): 1) Mamadou Kane 2) FAO 3) Kenneth Weiss, courtesy National Geographic 4) Mamadou Kane 5) SAICM UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This report is printed on paper from sustainable forests including recycled bre. The paper is chlorine free and the inks vegetable-based. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING: Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Capacity-building related to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries 1 Design, Layout and Printing: UNON Publishing Services Section – ISO 14001:2004-certified D1 No.: 16 - 11846/400 Copies 2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING : AFRICA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND THE PACIFIC Acknowledgement We would like to acknowledge and express special thanks to the following partners for their invaluable contribution and support for the publication: The chapter contributors: Francesca Mancini and David Colozza from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, colleagues from our phase 1 partnership with UN Convention to Combat Desertification, Leonor Alvarado and Aitziber Echeverria from the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management Secretariat, Miriam L. Hinostroza from the UN Environment - Danish Technical University Partnership, Fatoumata Jallow-Ndoye and Livingstone Sindayigaya from the African Union Commission, Anya Thomas and Dr. Therese Yarde from the Caribbean Community Secretariat, Dr. Jill Key, Sefanaia Nawadra and Paul Anderson from the Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. We also wish to express our deep gratitude to the European Commission and the Secretariat of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States for their continued support to the Programme through the years. 3 3 Contents Acknowledgement 3 Foreword 5 Programme at a glance 7 Clean-up of obsolete pesticides, pesticides management and sustainable pest management 11 Developing integrated financing strategies for sustainable land management 19 Improving the sound management of chemicals 25 Supporting access to the Clean Development Mechanism and the carbon market 31 Regional hubs 37 Africa hub 37 Caribbean hub 45 Pacific hub 51 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING : AFRICA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND THE PACIFIC Foreword In order to address some of the world’s most complex environmental challenges, countries have built an architecture of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and environmental laws over the past few decades. These international treaties have played and continue to play a critical role in mobilising global efforts to tackle protracted environmental issues that affect us all. The Montreal Protocol, for example, has The ACP MEAs programme – now in its been crucial in phasing out 98 percent – second phase – aims to build on the successes about 2.5 million metric tonnes – of ozone of its first phase where it formulated depleting substances, which has resulted in successful partnerships with the Food and the contraction of the Antarctic ozone hole. Agriculture Organization of the United Such positive news is not only an endorsement Nations, UN Environment DTU Partnership, of the work of UN Environment but also the United Nations Convention to Combat an example of what can be achieved at the Desertification - Global Mechanism, African global scale when countries unite to pursue a Union Commission, Caribbean Community common goal. Secretariat, and the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme – However, the sheer number of MEAs reflecting the far-reaching mandate of the (around 500), with their varying mandates, programme. We hope that this publication obligations and expected outcomes presents not only illustrates some of the success stories a challenge to implementing Parties. Despite and lessons learnt during the first phase the ratification and support from countries but can also serve as a critical resource for in taking action to impede environmental policy makers, development practitioners degradation, developing countries – especially and those involved in capacity building in the small island developing states – face environmental field. considerable challenges in the implementation of these MEAs due to lack of human, institutional, and technical capacity. To address this, UN Environment joined forces with the European Commission and the Secretariat of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and initiated a four year project in 2009 to assist 79 countries Elizabeth Maruma Mrema to enhance their capacities in implementing Director, Law Division UN Environment certain MEAs at the national and regional level. 5 5 6 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING : AFRICA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND THE PACIFIC Programme at a glance Recognizing that developing countries face considerable challenges in fulfilling their obligations as parties to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) because they lack the capacity to address increasingly complex scientific and technical issues, the African, Caribbean and Pacific multilateral environmental agreements (ACP MEAs) programme was designed to enhance the capacity of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries to strengthen their engagement with MEAs. Programme structure With an overall budget of €21 million, the first phase of the programme adopted a multi-partner, multi-regional approach. The activities of phase 1 began in March 2009 and ended in 2014. Phase 2 of the programme, known as ACP MEAs 2, is expected to be completed in December 2017. UN Environment is the overall coordinator and facilitator of the programme, which is divided into the following components: Regional hubs Africa Hosted by the African Union Commission (AUC) Caribbean Hosted by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) secretariat Pacific Hosted by the Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Implementation of specific MEAs Combatting Desertification Executed by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Global Mechanism (UNCCD-GM) Sound management of chemicals Executed by the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) secretariat Clean-up of obsolete pesticides Executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Clean Development Mechanism Executed by UN Environment DTU Partnership) In the broader context, the aim of the programme is to reduce the adverse effects of, in particular, climate change, biodiversity loss, drought, land degradation, chemicals and waste, and obsolete pesticides, as well as other threats to impoverished populations resulting from environmental degradation. Some of the capacity-building efforts include increasing technical
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