Infrastructure
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9. INFRASTRUCTURE 9.1. Better infrastructure is one of the important factor in economic & social transformation. Developing quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all has been emphasised under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ‘Build Resilient Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster Innovation’. ENERGY 9.2 One of the Sustainable Development Goals is to ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable & modern energy for all’. Electricity, Natural Gas, Petroleum are various forms of energy. Electricity 9.3 Electrical energy plays a major role in the development and sustenance of modern economy. Electricity is generated through non-renewable and renewable sources and used across the sectors of the economy. Installed capacity Graph 9.1 : Sectorwise Installed capacity in the State 9.3.1 The total installed capacity of generating electricity as on 31st March, 2019 in Private Sector Public Sector PPP the State was 36,729 MW of which share of 25,000 private sector was 57.6 per cent, public sector 21,160 20,748 19,155 was 37.0 per cent and Public-Private 20,000 18,727 17,654 Partnership (PPP) (Ratnagiri Gas Power Project 13,817 15,000 13,602 13,602 MW Ltd.) was 5.4 per cent. The share of renewable 11,657 11,417 energy in the installed capacity of private 10,000 sector was 41.4 per cent. The installed capacity in the state as on 31st March, 2019 was highest 5,000 2,220 2,220 2,220 1,967 1,967 in the country. The sourcewise installed 0 capacity is given in Table 9.1. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Table 9.1 Sourcewise installed capacity (MW) As on 31st March As on 31st Per cent change in Source December 2019 over 2017 2018 2019 2019 2018 In the State 35,192 36,317 36,729 36,076 1.1 Thermal 21,496 22,096 22,096 21,176 0.0 Renewable 7,558 8,341 8,753 9,020 4.9 Hydro 3,066 3,061 3,061 3,061 0.0 Natural gas 3,072 2,819 2,819 2,819 0.0 Central sector allocation 7,114 7,420 7,754 7,779 4.5 Source : MAHAGENCO, MEDA, Central Electricity Authority, GoI, Tata Power Co. Ltd, Reliance Infrastructure / Adani Electricity Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2019-20 158 Electricity generated 9.3.2 The total electricity generated Graph 9. 2 : Sectorwise Electricity (including renewable energy) in the State was generated in the State 1,27,059 Million Units (MU) during 2018-19 Private Sector Public Sector PPP and during 2017-18 it was 1,20,160 MU and 80,000 69,843 70,000 935 64,854 , electricity received from central sector during 62,560 60,000 58 54,515 2018-19 was 34,238 MU and it was 33,003 MU 53,104 52,750 49,801 49,264 50,000 47,699 during 2017-18. The share of private, public and MU 40,000 public-private partnership in total electricity 30,000 generation during 2018-19 was 55.0 per cent, 20,000 41.5 per cent and 3.5 per cent respectively. 10,000 4,558 4,496 4,466 1,234 The sourcewise electricity generated is given in 0 0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Table 9.2. Table 9.2 Sourcewise electricity generated (MU) Per cent change Source 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20+ in 2018-19 over 2017-18 In the State 1,13,294 1,20,160 1,27,059 90,380 5.7 Thermal 86,723 93,950 98,720 70,501 5.1 Natural gas 9,481 9,062 8,452 6,178 (-)6.7 Hydro 5,979 5,114 5,387 4,763 5.4 Renewable$ 11,111 12,034 14,500 8,938# 20.5 Received from central sector 32,582 33,003 34,238 22,923# 3.7 Note : 1 Unit = 1 Kilo Watt Hour $ including captive + upto December # upto November Source: MAHAGENCO, MAHADISCOM, Central Electricity Authority, GoI, Tata Power Co. Ltd, Reliance Infrastructure / Adani Electricity Electricity purchased 9.3.3 During 2018-19 per unit average cost of electricity purchased by MAHADISCOM was ` 4.61 and that of BEST was ` 4.85. The electricity purchased by MAHADISCOM and BEST is given in Table 9.3. Table 9.3 Electricity purchased by MAHADISCOM and BEST MAHADISCOM BEST Year Electricity purchased Total cost Electricity purchased Total cost (MU) (` Crore) (MU) (` Crore) 2017-18 1,26,925 53,830 4,825 2,319 2018-19 1,36,253 62,754 4,771 2,315 2019-20+ 85,570 41,113 3,409 1,699 Source: MAHADISCOM, BEST + upto November Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2019-20 159 Electricity consumed 9.3.4 Aggregate consumption of electricity in the State during 2018-19 was 1,31,866 MU, as against 1,23,938 MU in 2017-18. The consumption of electricity was highest (35.8 per cent) by industrial sector followed by agriculture (25.6 per cent) and domestic sector (22.1 per cent) in the State. Sectorwise electricity consumption is given in Table 9.4. Table 9.4 Sectorwise electricity consumption (MU) Per cent change Sector 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20+ in 2018-19 over 2017-18 Industrial 33,820 43,974 47,164 34,448 7.3 Agriculture 28,202 30,561 33,725 20,930 10.4 Domestic 26,868 28,348 29,188 23,353 3.0 Commercial 13,050 13,925 14,179 11,013 1.8 Public Services@ 4,351 4,810 5,089 3,849 5.8 Railways 105 163 174 139 6.8 Other 1,953 2,157 2,347 1,780 8.8 All 1,08,349 1,23,938 1,31,866 95,512 6.4 @ including public lighting & water supply works + upto December Source : MAHADISCOM, BEST, Tata Power Co. Ltd, Reliance Infrastructure / Adani Electricity 9.3.5 Per capita ultimate consumption of electricity in India and Maharashtra is given in Table 9.5. Table 9.5 Per capita ultimate consumption of electricity (Units) 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19* Sector India Maharashtra India Maharashtra India Maharashtra All 715.4 907.5 753.1 1,028.2 784.2 1,083.7 Commercial 70.3 109.3 72.6 115.5 74.6 116.5 Industrial 229.4 283.3 246.3 364.8 261.1 387.6 Agriculture 149.6 236.2 154.2 253.5 160.9 277.2 Domestic 200.2 225.0 211.7 235.2 219.0 239.9 * Provisional Source: Central Electricity Authority, GoI, MAHADISCOM, BEST, Reliance Infrastructure/ Adani Electricity, Tata Power Co. Ltd 9.3.6 The time series data on installed capacity, electricity generated, sectorwise electricity consumed and per capita ultimate consumption of electricity is given in Annexure 9.1. Demand and supply of electricity Table 9.6 Supply & shortfall of electricity at average peak demand 9.3.7 The State has taken various measures (MW) for capacity addition, improving Transmission Year Average Supply Shortfall peak demand & Distribution (T & D) network and energy 2016-17 16,903 16,866 37 conservation, which has resulted in improved 2017-18 17,412 17,606 (-)194 supply position. The supply & shortfall of 2018-19 18,478 19,814 (-)1,336 electricity at average peak demand is given in 2019-20+ 17,611 20,389 (-)2,778 Table 9.6. Source: MAHADISCOM + upto December Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2019-20 160 Transmission and Distribution (T & D) network infrastructure 9.3.8 T & D network infrastructure is the backbone of the electricity power system as it facilitates the delivery of electricity from power plants to end consumers. Improvement in T & D network infrastructure is an ongoing process which involves measures such as modernisation of Extra High Voltage (EHV) sub-stations, replacement of faulty meters, load reduction on overloaded high tension (HT) & low tension (LT) circuits by providing additional transformers, erection & commissioning of new sub-stations and anti-theft drive. 9.3.9 The transmission capacity of MAHATRANSCO was about 1,28,015 Mega Volt Ampere (MVA) with the network of 47,304 circuit km transmission lines and 672 sub-stations by the end of 2018-19. Transmission capacity has been enhanced to 1,28,840 MVA with the network line length of 48,177 circuit km with 679 sub-stations during 2019-20 upto December. The transmission losses of MAHATRANSCO for 2017-18 & 2018-19 were 3.30 per cent & 3.11 per cent respectively whereas in 2019-20 upto December it was 3.18 per cent. 9.3.10 The distribution network of MAHADISCOM has 3,727 sub-stations, 10,55,942 circuit km line length with 6,15,003 distribution transformers by the end of 2018-19. During 2019-20 upto December, it has 3,938 sub-stations, 10,68,064 circuit km line length and 6,54,650 distribution transformers. 9.3.11 The contribution of MAHADISCOM to the distribution utilities in the State was 86.7 per cent followed by Adani Electricity 6.4 per cent, BEST 3.5 per cent and Tata Power 3.4 per cent during 2018-19. The distribution losses are given in Table 9.7. Table 9.7 Distribution losses (per cent) Licensee 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20+ MAHADISCOM 14.68 13.90 13.63 12.17 BEST 5.42 5.82 4.18 4.34 Reliance Infrastructure / Adani Electricity 8.83 8.11 7.95 8.36 Tata Power Co.