A Note on Labret Use Around the Bering and Chukchi Seas Don E
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Archaeology Resources
Archaeology Resources Page Intentionally Left Blank Archaeological Resources Background Archaeological Resources are defined as “any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object [including shipwrecks]…Such term includes artifacts, records, and remains which are related to such a district, site, building, structure, or object” (National Historic Preservation Act, Sec. 301 (5) as amended, 16 USC 470w(5)). Archaeological resources are either historic or prehistoric and generally include properties that are 50 years old or older and are any of the following: • Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history • Associated with the lives of persons significant in the past • Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction • Represent the work of a master • Possess high artistic values • Present a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction • Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history These resources represent the material culture of past generations of a region’s prehistoric and historic inhabitants, and are basic to our understanding of the knowledge, beliefs, art, customs, property systems, and other aspects of the nonmaterial culture. Further, they are subject to National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) review if they are historic properties, meaning those that are on, or eligible for placement on, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). These sites are referred to as historic properties. Section 106 requires agencies to make a reasonable and good faith efforts to identify historic properties. Archaeological resources may be found in the Proposed Project Area both offshore and onshore. -
From Alaska to Greenland: a Comparison of the Arctic Small Tool
microblades, burins and burin spalls, and projectile points and scrapers that resemble those From Alaska to Greenland: A recovered from settlements around Lake Baikal Comparison of the Arctic Small Tool and elsewhere in eastern Siberia (McGhee 1996; Nash 1969). Charcoal found in Feature 17 at the and Thule Traditions Kuzitrin Lake Denbigh site in Alaska has produced radiocarbon dates ranging from 5500 to 4000 B.P.(Harritt 1998:63-69). Harritt (1998) states that the earliest known Denbigh material could possibly signify the appearance of the In this paper, I will discuss the Denbigh culture from Siberia in western Alaska. distinguishing cultural characteristics of the Within this west to east migration Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) and Thule model, two major ASTt variants have been tradition, and hypothesize about the implications identified in the High Arctic: Independence I and that these characteristics have on the Pre-Dorset. Charcoal from Independence I sites understanding of the ASTt and Thule ways of have provided a radiocarbon date range from life. The ASTt and Thule migrations occurred about 4000 to 3700 B.P. These sites are located approximately 3000 years apart from each other. in Greenland, and on the High Arctic of Canada They represent in the archaeological record two at Devon, Cornwallis, and Ellesmere Islands. rapid, widespread migrations across the Arctic Independence I sites also likely occur in the Low from the western coasts of Alaska to those of Arctic, however they are hard to recognize due to eastern Greenland. The material culture left the small size of camps and the amount of tundra behind by these peoples clearly indicates two vegetation that may be covering them (McGhee very different lifestyles and adaptations to the 1978:30). -
The Sea Ice Is Our Highway
The Sea Ice is Our Highway An Inuit Perspective on Transportation in the Arctic A Contribution to the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment March 2008 Inuit Circumpolar Council - Canada Acknowledgements: The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) Canada would like to thank the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND) for its financial support in the making of this report. ICC Canada wishes also to thank the Inuit hunters who agreed to be interviewed regarding their use of sea ice and other related activities and experiences. ICC Canada also expresses its appreciation to Chester Reimer Consulting Inc. (CRCI) for its assistance in helping prepare this report. Photo Credit, p.1: H. Finkler. Copyright © 2008 Inuit Circumpolar Council – Canada Executive Summary Context: This report from the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) Canada contributes to the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA) being conducted by the Arctic Council. It provides the AMSA project with an Inuit perspective on the human dimension of shipping. As a Permanent Participant at the Arctic Council, ICC speaks on behalf of all 155,000 Inuit living in Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Russia. Sources: The report investigates Inuit use of sea ice. It draws upon three sources: Thirty-year old land use and occupancy studies upon which the modern Inuit land claims agreements in Canada were based; Recent interviews with Inuit hunters in Canada; and Additional studies from Alaska and Greenland. Parts of this report are written in the first person with Inuit telling their story. Main Point: This report demonstrates unequivocally that life in the Arctic is dependent on movement, and that sea ice is integral to this movement. -
© 2009 by Richard Vanderhoek. All Rights Reserved
© 2009 by Richard VanderHoek. All rights reserved. THE ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL BARRIERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL BOUNDARIES DURING THE LATER HOLOCENE OF THE CENTRAL ALASKA PENINSULA BY RICHARD VANDERHOEK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor R. Barry Lewis, Chair Professor Stanley H. Ambrose Professor Thomas E. Emerson Professor William B. Workman, University of Alaska ABSTRACT This study assesses the capability of very large volcanic eruptions to effect widespread ecological and cultural change. It focuses on the proximal and distal effects of the Aniakchak volcanic eruption that took place approximately 3400 rcy BP on the central Alaskan Peninsula. The research is based on archaeological and ecological data from the Alaska Peninsula, as well as literature reviews dealing with the ecological and cultural effects of very large volcanic eruptions, volcanic soils and revegetation of volcanic landscapes, and northern vegetation and wildlife. Analysis of the Aniakchak pollen and soil data show that the pyroclastic flow from the 3400 rcy BP eruption caused a 2500 km² zone of very low productivity on the Alaska Peninsula. This "Dead Zone" on the central Alaska Peninsula lasted for over 1000 years. Drawing on these data and the results of archaeological excavations and surveys throughout the Alaska Peninsula, this dissertation examines the thesis that the Aniakchak 3400 rcy BP eruption created a massive ecological barrier to human interaction and was a major factor in the separate development of modern Eskimo and Aleut populations and their distinctive cultural traditions. -
Self-Determination and the Inuit
Rgzorgve in gradiva Ljubljgna 2000 $I 36/37 273 KLEMEN JELINCIC SELF-DETERMINATION AND THE INUIT INTRODUCTION Since the World War II the principle of self-determination of peoples has gained much in its imp o rt ~lI1ce due to the inclusion in the Charter of the Uni ted Nations and has later on played a determining role in the processes thro ugh which most of the European colonies gained their political independence. Its application, though, was somehow limited by the principle of inviolability of th e territorial integrity of sovereign states and therefore did not include several groups, like the national minorities, e.g. Hungarians in Romania. It certainly did not include the numerous ethnic groups that have been populating the are;)s ter ritorially connected to the metropolitan state long before the processes of European colo nizatio n have begun o r befo re the expansio n of the modern state, as it followed the retreat of ccloni;)l rule and that still pursue through several prac tices the traditional subsistence activities, upon which their culture and identity is/was based. Many of these groups with very diverse forms of social organiza ti o n, have been, despite its problema tics, described in the terms of tribal societies. These groups are collectively known under many name ~ slIch as Native, Aboriginal, Indigenous, First, Tribal o r Original peoples, but also as the Fourth World. Many times the terms are interchangeable and are used as self-designation by several of these peoples (Native in Alaska, Aboriginal in Canada, Tribal in India) or as names of NGO's representing their interests (Committee for Original People's Entitlement in Canada, The Indigenous Peoples Union in the USA), but th e literature as well is prone to use more than one of these terms. -
An Archaeological View of the Thule / Inuit Occupation of Labrador
AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE THULE / INUIT OCCUPATION OF LABRADOR Lisa K. Rankin Memorial University May 2009 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE THULE/INUIT OCCUPATION OF LABRADOR Lisa K. Rankin Memorial University May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................3 1. The Thule of the Canadian Arctic ......................................................................................3 2. A History of Thule/Inuit Archaeology in Labrador............................................................6 III. UPDATING LABRADOR THULE/INUIT RESEARCH ...................................................15 1. The Date and Origin of the Thule Movement into Labrador ...........................................17 2. The Chronology and Nature of the Southward Expansion...............................................20 3. Dorset-Thule Contact .......................................................................................................28 4. The Adoption of Communal Houses................................................................................31 5. The Internal Dynamics of Change in Inuit Society..........................................................34 IV. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................37 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................39 -
Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Students Acknowledgments
A Guide to Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Students Acknowledgments Writing by: Brendan Griebel Design by: Brendan Griebel Project management by: Torsten Diesel, Inuit Heritage Trust The Inuit Heritage Trust would like to extend its thanks to the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to the Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts booklet series: • Curriculum and School Services, Nunavut Department of Education • Government of Nunavut Department of Culture and Heritage • Tourism and Cultural Industries, Nunavut Department of Economic Development and Transportation. • Nunavut Tourism • Parks Canada, Nunavut Field Unit • Krista Zawadski • Luke Suluk • Kevin Kelly • Nick Amautinuar • Joanasie Qappiq • David Aglukkaq • William Beveridge • Ralph Kownak • Sharon Thomson • Ken Beardsale • Sue Ball • Sylvie LeBlanc • Max Friesen © 2014 Inuit Heritage Trust A Guide to Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Students Explaining this Guidebook 2-5 Inuit in the Canadian Arctic: An Overview 6-9 Archaeology: The Basics 10-13 Different Paths to the Past 14-17 The Role of History in Modern Day Nunavut 18-21 A History of Archaeology in Nunavut 22-25 Archaeology in Nunavut Today 26-29 Community-Based Archaeology in Nunavut 30-33 The Past as a Profession 34-37 A Year in the Life of a Research Archaeology Project 38-41 Best Practices in Nunavut Heritage: Artifacts 42-47 Photographing Archaeological Artifacts and Sites 48-49 Best Practices in Nunavut Heritage: Sites 50-53 Classroom Archaeology 54-57 Notes and Comments 58-59 References and Resources 60-61 Explaining this Guidebook The past as ever-present While these fragments of history may have originated deep in There are many stories that the past, they are handed down describe the history of Inuit people through generations who continue in the Canadian Arctic. -
Alaska Journal of Anthropology
Alaska Journal of Anthropology Volume Three, Number 2 2005 ALASKA ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION TABLE oF CoNTENTS lmRouuenoN: THE Allene SMALL TooL TRADITION fmy YEARS ON- DANIEL Om,;s .......................................................................................................... 5 Toms BUT NOT TooLKITs: TRACES or THE Allene SMALL ToOL TRADITION IN THE KoDIAK AllcHJPELAGO- AMY F. SrEFFIAN AND PATRicK G. SAI:I'ONSTAI.L ............................................ 1 7 EVIDENCE FOR THE ARCTic SMALL ToOL TRADITION IN THE EAsrERN ALEUTIANs- RicHARDS. DAVIS AND RICHARD A. KNEcHT .................................................................. 51 THE Allene SMAI.L ToOL TRADITION IN SoUTHE\lN AlAsKA- DoN E. DUMOND ................................................................................................... 67 THE DENBIGH FLINT CoMPJ.IiX IN NoR!lTWF.<;T Au1KA: A SrATIAI ANALYSIS - DouGUIS D. ANDERSON ............................................................................................ 81 TnE DENBIGH FuNT CoMPLEX AT PUNYIK PoiNT, ETIVI.IK LAKE, AlASKA - MICHAEL KUNZ .. " .. "."." .. "." .... " ...... ".".".""." .. "."."" ...... "."." .. ""." .. "."."."." .. 10 1 RADIOCARBON DKI'ING THE Allene SMAI.I. ToOL TRADITION IN AI.ASKA- DAI.E c. SLAUGHTER ............................................................................................... 117 OCCUPATIONAL HisTORY oF THE Ow WHALING Srrur CAPE KRuSENSTERN, AlASKA- JonN DARwmr AND CHRIS'ru\NN DAIRWENT ................................................................... 13 5 -
Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Heritage Workers Acknowledgments
A Guide to Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Heritage Workers Acknowledgments Writing by: Brendan Griebel Design by: Brendan Griebel Project management by: Torsten Diesel, Inuit Heritage Trust The Inuit Heritage Trust would like to extend its thanks to the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to the Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts booklet series: • Curriculum and School Services, Nunavut Department of Education • Government of Nunavut Department of Culture and Heritage • Tourism and Cultural Industries, Nunavut Department of Economic Development and Transportation. • Nunavut Tourism • Parks Canada, Nunavut Field Unit • Krista Zawadski • Luke Suluk • Kevin Kelly • Nick Amautinuar • Joanasie Qappiq • David Aglukkaq • William Beveridge • Ralph Kownak • Sharon Thomson • Ken Beardsale • Sue Ball • Sylvie LeBlanc • Max Friesen © 2014 Inuit Heritage Trust A Guide to Nunavut Archaeology and Artifacts for Northern Heritage Workers Explaining this Guidebook 2-5 Inuit in the Canadian Arctic: An Overview 6-9 Archaeology: Uncovering the Past 10-13 Archaeological Artifacts and Nunavummiut 14-18 Archaeological Sites and Nunavummiut 19-23 Heritage Centres in Nunavut 24-27 Artifacts and Heritage Centres 28-33 Sample Heritage Centre Loan Agreement Form 34 Sample Heritage Centre Deed of Gift Form 35 Creating the Right Environment 36-39 Caring for Collections: Archaeological Artifacts 40-53 Archives and Archive Materials 54-60 Sample Archive Deed of Gift Form 61 Sample Archive Loan Agreement Form 62 Creating Exhibits from Artifact 63-71 Notes and Comments 72-73 References and Resources 74-75 Explaining this Guidebook Why was this booklet artifacts should be respected written? and preserved. In Nunavut, guidelines and Nunavut is a territory deep with regulations have been put in tradition and history. -
APPENDIX B Archaeological Report
APPENDIX B Archaeological Report preserving the past for future generations 2019 CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION AND SECTION 106 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FINDINGS FOR THE DENALI COMMISSION DILLINGHAM WASTEWATER LAGOON RELOCATION STUDY, LOCATED IN DILLINGHAM, ALASKA Prepared for: Bristol Engineering Services Company, LLC Prepared by: Robert L. Meinhardt, MA and Amy Ramirez TNSDS, LLC OCTOBER 2019; REVISED JANUARY 2020 Dillingham Wastewater Lagoon Relocation Study 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City of Dillingham (City) obtained federal funding from the Denali Commission to improve the existing sewage and wastewater treatment system in Dillingham, Alaska. The Dillingham Wastewater Lagoon Relocation Study is de- signed to look at a range of potential sites for sewage lagoon relocation and rehabilitation, and construction of a new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Bristol Engineering Services Company, LLC, (BESC) was contracted by the City to complete the study as part of the preliminary engineering design. Given the project is funded by the Denali Commission, consultation pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) and its implementing regulations (36 CFR §800) will be required prior to construction to determine whether or not historic properties will be adversely affected by the undertaking. BESC does not have staff meeting professional qualification standards for assessing whether or not the undertaking will result in such effects pursuant to the Act. As such, True North Sustainable Development Solutions, LLC, (TNSDS) was subcontracted by BESC to carry out a cultural resources investigation for providing recommendations to the lead federal agency for issuing a finding per 36 CFR §800. Three alternatives were identified as possible sites for improvement to the existing sewage and wastewater treatment system: the first alternative is east of Dillingham, the second is directly in Dillingham, and the thirds is south of Dill- ingham and towards the Kanakanak Hospital. -
Did Bering Strait People Initiate the Thule Migration?
Alaska Journal of Anthropology Volume 4, Numbers 1-2 Did Bering Strait People Initiate the Thule Migration? Hans Christian Gulløv National Museum of Denmark ([email protected]) Robert McGhee Canadian Museum of Civilization ([email protected]) Abstract: Th e Ruin Island phase of northwestern Greenland and adjacent Ellesmere Island is associated with artifact assemblages that resemble those of western Alaskan Punuk, rather than Canadian Th ule culture or the North Alaskan Th ule tradition, the supposed source for the Inuit expansion eastward across North America. Ruin Island assemblages also contain numerous artifacts obtained through contact with the medieval Norse. Th e re-evaluation of radiocarbon series associated with Eastern Arctic Th ule culture suggests temporal priority for the Ruin Island phase, with a probably thirteenth century assignment. Th e role of iron is assessed as a motive for instigating the initial movement of Inuit from Alaska to the Eastern Arctic, and it is concluded that this was possibly a commercially-motivated enterprise undertaken by peoples whose ancestors had long engaged in the metal trade across Bering Strait Keywords: Greenland archaeology, Punuk culture, Inuit origins When Erik Holtved (1944, 1954) excavated early Inuit Th e temporal placement of the Ruin Island complex winter houses at Ruin Island and other locations in the Th ule was established with greater certainty by radiocarbon dates District of far northwestern Greenland, he recovered arti- obtained from sites on eastern Ellesmere Island, excavated fact assemblages that were signifi cantly diff erent from those during the 1970s and 1980s by Karen McCullough and Pe- excavated earlier by Mathiassen (1927) from Th ule culture ter Schledermann. -
PREHISTORY and PROTOHISTORY Vocabulary PREHISTORY and PROTOHISTORY Vocabulary Version 1.1 (Last Updated : Jan
- Institute for scientific and technical information - PREHISTORY and PROTOHISTORY Vocabulary PREHISTORY and PROTOHISTORY Vocabulary Version 1.1 (Last updated : Jan. 22, 2018) This resource contains 3093 entries grouped under 86 collections. Controlled vocabulary used for indexing bibliographical records for the "Prehistory and Protohistory" FRANCIS database (1972-2015, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/ ). This vocabulary is browsable online at: https://www.loterre.fr Legend • Syn: Synonym. • →: Corresponding Preferred Term. • FR: French Preferred Term. • ES: Spanish Preferred Term. • SC: Semantic Category. • DO: Domain. • BT: Broader Term. • NT: Narrower Term. • RT: Related Term. • Note: Scope Note. • URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view). This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: LIST OF ENTRIES List of entries English French Page • 3D modelling modélisation 3D 111 • A-Group Groupe A 112 • Abashevo Culture d'Abashevo 112 • Abbevillian Abbevillien 112 • Aborigine Aborigène 112 • abrasion abrasion 112 • abrasive abrasif 112 • abscess abcès 112 • absence of grave absence de sépulture 112 • absorption spectrometry spectrométrie d'absorption 112 • Abu Dhabi Abou Dhabi 112 • acceptance réception 112 • access accès 112 • acculturation acculturation 112 • Acheulean Acheuléen 112 • activity report rapport d'activité 112 • adaptation adaptation 112 • additional structure structure annexe 112 • Adena Adena 112 • adhesive adhésif 112 • Adriatic Adriatique 112 • adult education formation permanente