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Cultural Resources Report Cover Sheet CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET Author: Laura Syvertson and Robert H. Gargett Title of Report: Archaeological Investigation Report: Fire District 5 Public Safety Center, 33019-33021 Cascade View Drive, Sultan, SnohoMish County, Washington Date of Report: June 19, 2018 County: SnohoMish Township: 28N Range: 08E Section: 33 Quad: Sultan Acres: ~6 acres PDF of report subMitted (REQUIRED) Yes Historic Property Inventory ForMs to be Approved Online? Yes No Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or AMended? Yes No TCP(s) found? Yes No Replace a draft? Yes No Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation PerMit requireMent? Yes # No Were HuMan ReMains Found? Yes DAHP Case # No DAHP Archaeological Site #: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT: FIRE DISTRICT 5 PUBLIC SAFETY CENTER, 33019–33021 CASCADE VIEW DRIVE, SULTAN, SNOHOMISH COUNTY, WASHINGTON Prepared for: Snohomish County Fire District 5 June 19, 2018 Prepared by: 1229 Cleveland Avenue, Mount Vernon, Washington 98273 • Tel 360-826-4930 • Fax 360-826-4830 • www.equinoxerci.com CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PROJECT COORDINATOR................................................................................. Kelly R. Bush, MA REPORT AUTHORS ............................................. Laura Syvertson MS and Robert H. Gargett, Ph.D. GRAPHICS................................................................................................................. Karen Toor, BS FIELD RESEARCHERS .......................... Lindsey Holdener, BA, Jori Hurst, BA, Laura M. Syvertson ..................................................................................................... Aaron Webster and Steven Weimer PROJECT CONTACT ............................................................................ Fire Chief Merlin Halverson LEAD AGENCY ............................................................ Washington State Department of Commerce TRIBAL CONTACTS ........................................................ Laura Murphy, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe ...................................................................................... Benjamin Joseph, Sauk–Suiattle Indian Tribe .................................................................................Steven Mullen–Moses, Snoqualmie Indian Tribe ........................................................................................ Kerry Lyste, Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians ........................................................... Richard Young and Gene Enick, Tulalip Tribes of Washington DAHP CONTACTS ............................................................................................. Dr. Robert Whitlam Equinox Research and Consulting International Inc. (ERCI) would like to thank Snohomish County Fire District 5 for retaining us for this investigation and for their commitment to the process and archaeological resources. We extend our thanks to the representatives of the Snoqualmie Tribe for their insights and timely attention to our projects. Thanks also to their representatives Steven Weimer and Aaron Webster that joined us in the field and dug hard both days with the crew. The opinions and recommendations in this report are those of ERCI alone and do not necessarily reflect those held by any of the organizations or individuals mentioned above. Any errors or omissions are ERCI’s responsibility. ERCI—Snohomish County Fire District 5 Public Safety Center, Sultan ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY County Snohomish TRS Township 28N, Range 08E, Section 33 Quad Sultan Parcel ID 28083300300600 Address 33019–33021 Cascade View Dr., Sultan WA 98294 Property Owner Snohomish County Fire Protection District #5 Area ~6 acres Lat/Long 47° 51′ 55″ N/ 121° 47′ 25″ W UTM Zone Zone 10 590474 Easting 5302035 Northing Elevation 155-190′ Nearest Water Body Wagleys Creek, Wallace Slough, Skykomish River Nearest Arch Site 45SN565- ~0.8 mile Soils Everett very gravelly sandy loam; Sultan silt loam; Urban land; Xerorthents, nearly level Geology Pleistocene-continental glacial outwash; Quaternary-alluvium In May 2018 Katherine Rowe of the Snohomish County Fire District 5 on behalf of Fire Chief Merlin Halverson, contacted Kelly R. Bush of Equinox Research and Consulting International Inc. (ERCI) to carry out a cultural resources survey on the approximately 6-acre area of a planned new Public Safety Center (the Project). Washington’s Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) has assigned the Project number 2018-03-02296. ERCI undertook background research, and on May 29 and 30, 2018 ERCI archaeologists carried out an intensive pedestrian survey and excavated 40 shovel tests on the property where construction of the new center will occur. No Protected Cultural Resources or Historic Properties were identified during our fieldwork. The management recommendations that we are now providing are based on our findings from this initial investigation. We recommend that: 1. The proposed project proceed as planned, following an unanticipated discovery protocol (UDP) training given to all construction personnel by a professional archaeologist. A copy of the Unanticipated Discoveries Protocol (UDP) to be on site at all times (Appendix 3). 2. In the event that any ground-disturbing activities or other project activities related to this development or in any future development uncover protected cultural material (e.g., bones, shell, stone or antler tools), all work in the immediate vicinity should stop, the area should be secured, and any equipment moved to a safe distance away from the location. The on- site superintendent should then follow the steps specified in the UDP (Appendix 3). 3. In the event that any ground-disturbing activities or other project activities related to this development or in any future development uncover human remains, all work in the immediate vicinity should stop, the area should be secured, and any equipment moved to a safe distance away from the location. The on-site superintendent should then follow the steps specified in the UDP (Appendix 3). ERCI—Snohomish County Fire District 5 Public Safety Center, Sultan iii CONTENTS CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ iii FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................... v TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................ 5 3.0 TRIBAL CONSULTATION ....................................................................................................... 5 4.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................................... 5 Geology and geomorphology ..................................................................................................... 6 Soils .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Climate and vegetation .............................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Cultural Environment ............................................................................................................ 8 Archaeological cultures ............................................................................................................. 8 Salish Ethnography and Ethnohistory ....................................................................................... 10 Exploration and Immigration ................................................................................................... 14 The City of Sultan ................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 Previous Archaeology ......................................................................................................... 17 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites ............................................................................... 17 Previous Cultural Resources Surveys ....................................................................................... 18 Previous Cemetery Reports ...................................................................................................... 19 National Register Properties..................................................................................................... 19 Archaeological Expectations .................................................................................................... 19 5.0 METHODS ............................................................................................................................... 20 5.1Archival Research ................................................................................................................ 20 5.2 Fieldwork ...........................................................................................................................
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