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The Northern Region 1 NAMES, BOUNDARIES, AND MAPS: A RESOURCE FOR THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES THE NORTHERN REGION (Region One) By Peter L. Stark This volume dedicated to a trail blazer and grand forester, Riley Stark Brief excerpts of copyright material found herein may, under certain circumstances, be quoted verbatim for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, education, and research, without the need for permission from or payment to the copyright holder under 17 U.S.C § 107 of the United States copyright law. Copyright holder does ask that you reference the title of the essay and my name as the author in the event others may need to reach me for clarification, with questions, or to use more extensive portions of my reference work. Also, please contact me if you find any errors or have a map that has not been included in the cartobibliography TABLE OF CONTENTS I. The Northern Region as an Administrative Area of the U.S. Forest Service in Maps……………………………4 II. Administrative History of the Northern Region………………………………………………………………… 8 A. Initial Establishment of the Forest Reserves, 1891 to 1907, the Northern Region……………………... 9 B. The Remarkable Reorganization of 1907/1909…………………………………………………………10 C. Forest Consolidations, “…for the Economy of Administration…”………………………………….… 11 D. Wilderness Areas in the Northern Region……………………………………………………………….12 E. National Grasslands in the Northern Region…………………………………………………………… 13 F. Purchase Units and the Land and Water Conservation Fund Acquisitions under the National Forest Reservation Commission in the Northern Region……………………………………………………… 13 G. Emergency Relief Purchases………………………………………………………………………….… 15 H. Modern Administrative Combinations………………………………………………………………….. 15 III. Chronological Listing of Laws and Regulations Affecting the Administrative History of the National Forest System………………………………………………………………………………………17 IV. The Mapping of the Northern Region…………….…………………………………………..………………....26 A. Folios and administrative maps, the early years………………………………………………………27 B. Forest Visitor Maps…………………………………………………………………………………...28 C. Post-War Mapping…………………………………………………………………………………….28 D. The Cartobibliography, Citation Key, and Index to Cartographers…………………………………. .35 V. Maps of the Region Part A. Maps of the Region as a Whole……………..……. ….…………………………………………..40 Part B. Sub-Regional Maps……………….………………………………..….…………………………..47 VI. U. S. General Land Office State Maps, 1891-1944 – Northern Region……………………………………… 50 VII. Administrative History and Mapping of Individual Forests Absaroka Forest Reserve, Montana, 1902-1903……………………………….………………………….55 Absaroka National Forest, Montana, 1908-1945…………………………………………...……………. 56 Beartooth National Forest, Montana, 1908-1932…………………………………….…….…………….. 62 Beaverhead National Forest, Montana, 1908-Present………………………………………………… 64 Big Belt Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1905-1908…………………………….………….74 Big Hole Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1908……………………………………… 75 Bitter Root Forest Reserve & National Forest, Idaho-Montana, 1897-1908…………………………….. 76 Bitterroot National Forest, Montana-Idaho, 1908-Present……………………………………………81 Blackfeet National Forest, Montana, 1908-1935………………………………………………................ 92 Cabinet Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana-Idaho, 1907-1954………………………………… 96 Cave Hills Forest Reserve & National Forest, South Dakota, 1904-1908……………………………….. 100 Clearwater National Forest, Idaho, 1908-Present…………………………………………………..… 101 Coeur d’Alene Forest Reserve & National Forest, Idaho, 1906-Present………………………......… 110 Crazy Mountains Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1904-1908…………………………...… 120 Custer National Forest, Montana-South Dakota, 1908-Present……………………………………... 122 Dakota National Forest, North Dakota, 1908-1917………………………………………………………. 131 Deerlodge National Forest, Montana, 1908-Present…………………………………………………...132 Ekalaka Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1908……………………………………….. 141 Elkhorn Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1905-1908……………………………………..… 143 Flathead Forest Reserve, Montana, 1897-1903…………………………………………………………... 144 Flathead National Forest, Montana, 1908-Present………………………………………………….… 146 Gallatin Forest Reserves & National Forest, Montana, 1899-Present……………..………………... 157 Helena Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-Present…………………………………. 170 Hell Gate Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1905-1908……………………………………... 180 2 VII. Administrative History and Mapping of Individual Forests (continued) Highwood Mountains Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1903-1908………………………… 182 Idaho Panhandle National Forests………………………………………………………….………….. 182 Jefferson National Forest, Montana, 1908-1932…………………………………………………………. 183 Kaniksu National Forest, Idaho-Montana-Washington, 1908-Present……………………………… 185 Kootenai Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana-Idaho, 1906-Present……………………….. 197 Lewis & Clarke Forest Reserve, Montana, 1897-1907…………………………………………………... 206 Lewis & Clark Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1907-Present………………………… 208 Little Belt Mountains Forest Reserve, Montana, 1902-1905…………………………………………….. 218 Little Belt Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1905-1908…………………………………….. 219 Little Rockies Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1907-1908………………………………… 220 Lolo Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana-Idaho, 1906-Present…………………………….. 222 Long Pine Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1908…………………………………….. 235 Madison Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1902-1931………………………………............. 235 Missoula Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1931…………………………………….... 238 Nezperce National Forest, Idaho, 1908-Present……………………………………………………….. 242 Otter Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1907-1908…………………………………………... 253 Palouse Forest Reserve & National Forest, Idaho, 1907-1908…………………………………............... 255 Pend d’Oreille National Forest, Idaho, 1908-1910………………………………………………………. 256 Pend Oreille National Forest, Idaho, 1910-1933………………………………………………………..... 257 Priest River Forest Reserve & National Forest, Idaho-Washington, 1897-1908………………………… 260 Pryor Mountains Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1908……………………………… 264 St. Joe National Forest, Idaho, 1911-Present………………….………………………………………. 266 Selway National Forest, Idaho, 1911-1934………………………………………………………………. 273 Short Pine Forest Reserve & National Forest, South Dakota, 1905-1908……………………………….. 277 Sioux National Forest, Montana-South Dakota, 1908-1920……………………………………………... 277 Slim Buttes Forest Reserve & National Forest, South Dakota, 1904-1908.……………………………... 280 Snowy Mountains Forest Reserve & National Forest, Montana, 1906-1908…………………….............. 280 Yellowstone Park Timber Land Reserve, Wyoming, 1891-1902………………………………………... 281 Yellowstone Forest Reserve & National Forest, 1902-1908……………………………………………... 282 (Forest names in boldface type identify the fifteen current or “Proclaimed” forests of the Northern Region) VIII. The Colville National Forest under the Northern Region, 1943-1974.……………..….……………………. 286 IX. Purchase Units of the Northern Region………………………………………….…...……………………….. 290 X. Wilderness, Grasslands and Special Area Mapping Part A. Wilderness and Primitive Areas……….…………….….…………….………………………… 291 Part B. National Grasslands………………………………………………………………...................... 297 Part C. Special Areas………………………………………………………………................................ 298 XI. Index to Cartographers …..………………………..………..………………………………………………… 305 XII. Bibliography………………..…………………………………………………..……………………………... 324 3 NORTHERN REGION I. The Northern Region as an Administrative Area of the U.S. Forest Service in Maps For a more extensive discussion of Forest Service District (and after 1930) Regional boundaries see Part II. “The Development of the Regional Structure of the U.S. Forest Service” in the essay Administrative History of the National Forest System elsewhere on this website. Figure 1: Forest Reserves established as of 1899 in the territory later designated as District One: #4 Priest River; #5 Flathead; #6 Lewis & Clarke; #7 Bitter Root; #32 Gallatin Forest Reserves. New forest reserves would be proclaimed starting in 1902. The Yellowstone Timber Land Reserve (#22) and the Big Horn (#9) Forest Reserve were administered by District One for a short period of time and the Teton Forest Reserve (#8) was absorbed by the Yellowstone in 1903 and its name discontinued until it was re-established in 1908. Map compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and issued in the Survey’s Twentieth Annual Report as Part V, Plate 1, in 1899. 4 Figure 2: Original boundaries and national forests of District 1 as of July 1, 1908 the effective date of many of the Executive Orders reorganizing the national forests from 1907 to 1908. Figure 3: District No. 1 on September 1, 1915 showing all of North Dakota in the District after the establishment of the Dakota National Forest in November of 1908 (marked as “26” on the map). The District boundary between Montana and Idaho was set on the Continental Divide and, as in 1908, in Idaho along the Salmon River. Shoshone and Bighorn National Forests in Wyoming (marked as “1” and “2” on the map) now are shown as a part of District 2. 5 Figure 4: National Forests of Region One in 1937 from a forest visitor’s map. Figure 5: Boundaries of Region One in 1940 showing the Colville National Forest outside Region One in Region Six and the state of North Dakota also outside of Region One’s boundaries. Transfer of North Dakota to Region 9 most likely occurred
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