Please Click Here to Download the File

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Please Click Here to Download the File INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................4 What is Integrated Pest Management?....................................................................................................... 4 Why use Integrated Pest Management?..................................................................................................... 4 Benefits of Integrated Pest Management.................................................................................................... 4 PESTS OF HOMES, STRUCTURES, PEOPLE, AND PETS ...............................5 Cockroaches.................................................................................................................................................. 5 Problems Associated with Cockroaches .................................................................................................... 5 Identification.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Brownbanded Cockroach...................................................................................................................... 6 Oriental Cockroach ............................................................................................................................... 7 Smokybrown Cockroach....................................................................................................................... 7 American Cockroach ............................................................................................................................ 7 Life Cycle .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Management .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Monitoring Cockroaches ........................................................................................................................... 8 Sticky Traps with Pheromones .................................................................................................................. 8 Sanitation................................................................................................................................................... 9 Exclusion and Removal of Hiding Places.................................................................................................. 9 Chemical Control....................................................................................................................................... 9 Dusts ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Baits ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Insect Growth Regulators............................................................................................................... 10 Sprays and Aerosols....................................................................................................................... 11 Follow-Up................................................................................................................................................ 12 References ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Flies.............................................................................................................................................................. 13 House Fly................................................................................................................................................. 13 Identification and Life Cycle .............................................................................................................. 13 Damage ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Management of House Flies ............................................................................................................... 14 Little House Fly....................................................................................................................................... 14 Identification and Life Cycle .............................................................................................................. 14 Damage ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Management of Little House Flies...................................................................................................... 15 Face Fly ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Identification and Life Cycle .............................................................................................................. 15 Damage ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Management of Face Flies .................................................................................................................. 15 Stable Fly................................................................................................................................................. 16 Identification and Life Cycle .............................................................................................................. 16 Damage ............................................................................................................................................... 16 Management of Stable Flies................................................................................................................ 16 Garbage Flies........................................................................................................................................... 17 Identification and Life Cycle .............................................................................................................. 17 Damage ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Management of Garbage Flies ............................................................................................................ 17 Summary.................................................................................................................................................. 17 References ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Rats .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 Identifying the Rat ................................................................................................................................... 18 Norway Rats ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Roof Rats ............................................................................................................................................ 18 How to Spot a Rat Infestation.................................................................................................................. 19 Biology and Life Cycle of the Rat........................................................................................................... 19 Norway Rats ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Roof Rats ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Damage caused by rats ............................................................................................................................ 20 Managing a rat problem........................................................................................................................... 20 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Building Construction and Rodent Proofing....................................................................................... 21 Population Control.............................................................................................................................. 21 Trapping.............................................................................................................................................. 22 Glue Board ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Live Trap........................................................................................................................................ 22 Toxic Bait ..........................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Cockroach Marion Copeland
    Cockroach Marion Copeland Animal series Cockroach Animal Series editor: Jonathan Burt Already published Crow Boria Sax Tortoise Peter Young Ant Charlotte Sleigh Forthcoming Wolf Falcon Garry Marvin Helen Macdonald Bear Parrot Robert E. Bieder Paul Carter Horse Whale Sarah Wintle Joseph Roman Spider Rat Leslie Dick Jonathan Burt Dog Hare Susan McHugh Simon Carnell Snake Bee Drake Stutesman Claire Preston Oyster Rebecca Stott Cockroach Marion Copeland reaktion books Published by reaktion books ltd 79 Farringdon Road London ec1m 3ju, uk www.reaktionbooks.co.uk First published 2003 Copyright © Marion Copeland All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed and bound in Hong Kong British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Copeland, Marion Cockroach. – (Animal) 1. Cockroaches 2. Animals and civilization I. Title 595.7’28 isbn 1 86189 192 x Contents Introduction 7 1 A Living Fossil 15 2 What’s in a Name? 44 3 Fellow Traveller 60 4 In the Mind of Man: Myth, Folklore and the Arts 79 5 Tales from the Underside 107 6 Robo-roach 130 7 The Golden Cockroach 148 Timeline 170 Appendix: ‘La Cucaracha’ 172 References 174 Bibliography 186 Associations 189 Websites 190 Acknowledgements 191 Photo Acknowledgements 193 Index 196 Two types of cockroach, from the first major work of American natural history, published in 1747. Introduction The cockroach could not have scuttled along, almost unchanged, for over three hundred million years – some two hundred and ninety-nine million before man evolved – unless it was doing something right.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Polyphagidae) from Korea Reveal About Cryptocercus Evolution? a Study in Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny, and Chemistry of Tergal Glands
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 151: 61±79. 31 DECEMBER 2001 What does Cryptocercus kyebangensis, n.sp. (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Polyphagidae) from Korea reveal about Cryptocercus evolution? A study in morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemistry of tergal glands PHILIPPE GRANDCOLAS,1 YUNG CHUL PARK,2 JAE C. CHOE,3 MARIA-DOLORS PIULACHS,3 XAVIER BELLEÂS,3 CYRILLE D'HAESE,1 JEAN-PIERRE FARINE,4 AND REÂMY BROSSUT4 1ESA 8043 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Entomologie, MuseÂum national d'Histoire naturelle, 45, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, FranceÐ [email protected] 2School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku Shilim-dong San 56-1, Seoul 151-742, South Korea 3Department of Physiology and Molecular Biodiversity, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 0834 Barcelona, Spain 4UMR 5548 CNRS, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Bourgogne, 6, bd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France ABSTRACTÐThe description of a new species of the woodroach Cryptocercus kyebangensis Grandcolas from South Korea offers the opportunity to bring comparative information within the genus. This species, though morphologically very similar to other East Asian and North American species, presents conspicuous differentiation of both ribosomal genes (sequenced fragments of 12S and 16S) and chemical blends from tergal glands (proportions of linalyl acetate and the alcohol 4, 6, 8-trimethyl-7, 9- undecadien-5-ol, compounds previously identi®ed in females originating from North America). A phylogenetic reconstruction involving Blatta orientalis as an outgroup, Therea petiveriana as a polyphagid relative, C. kyebangensis and 17 North American Cryptocercus populations showed that C. kyebangensis stands as a sister-group of North American Cryptocercus, thus suggesting that one beringian vicariance has taken place in the early differentiation of the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Prohibited Materials for Organic Crop Production
    United States Department of Agriculture 1400 Independence Avenue SW. NOP 5034-2 Agricultural Marketing Service Room 2646-South Building Effective Date: December 2, 2016 National Organic Program Washington, DC 20250 Page 1 of 2 Guidance Appendix of Prohibited Materials for Organic Crop Production This list is provided for reference purposes and is not intended to be comprehensive. In addition to the materials identified below, any synthetic material that is not included at section 205.601 of the National List is prohibited for crop production. The materials listed below have been specifically prohibited on the National List at section 205.602, have been petitioned and reviewed by National Organic Standards Board and not recommended for addition to the National list, have expired from the National List, and/or have been reviewed by a Federal agency and determined to be prohibited for organic crop production. 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene Manganous Oxide, except as provided on 3-Decen-2-one § 205.601(j) 6-Benzyladenine Methyl Bromide Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol Methyl Laurate Acrylic Acid Methyl Ester, Polymer with Monocalcium Phosphate Acrylonitrile and 1,3-Butadiene Nickel Salts, Synthetic Ammonium Nonanoate, except as provided Niter on § 205.601 Pelargonic Acid Arsenic Pentaerythritol Monostearate Ash from Manure Burning Pentaerythritol Tetrastearate Avermectin Piperonyl Butoxide Basic Slag, agricultural slag Propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML) Biosolids Polyoxin D Zinc Salt Calcium Carbide Potassium Sulfate (synthetic form) Calcium Oxide, fertilizer
    [Show full text]
  • Nonanoic Acid Product-Type 2 (Disinfectants and Algaecides Not Intended for Direct Application to Humans Or Animals) September 2013 Austria
    Regulation (EU) n°528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products Evaluation of active substances Assessment Report Modification of the conditions of approval Nonanoic acid Product-type 2 (Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals) September 2013 Austria Nonanoic acid Product-type 10 2013 Nonanoic acid (PT 2) Assessment report Finalised in the Standing Committee on Biocidal Products at its meeting on 27 September 2013 CONTENTS 1. STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE ....................................... 4 1.1. Principle of evaluation ...................................................................................... 4 1.2. Purpose of the assessment ................................................................................. 4 1.3. Procedure followed ........................................................................................... 5 2. OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 7 2.1. Presentation of the Active Substance ................................................................ 7 2.1.1. Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analysis ........ 7 2.1.2. Intended Uses and Efficacy ................................................................. 8 2.1.3. Classification and Labelling of the active substance Nonanoic acid .. 9 2.1.4. Classification and labelling of the biocidal product NEU 1170 H.... 12 2.2. Summary of the Risk Assessment ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acids As Essential Adjuvants to Treat Various Ailments and Their Role in Drug Delivery: a Review
    Nutrition 65 (2019) 138À157 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nutrition journal homepage: www.nutritionjrnl.com Review article Fatty acids as essential adjuvants to treat various ailments and their role in drug delivery: A review Aakash Katdare B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Shreya Thakkar B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Shivshankar Dhepale B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Dignesh Khunt B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Manju Misra B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Ph.D. * Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Since the discovery of fatty acids, a niche has been carved for their vital role as adjuvants in drug delivery and Received 23 May 2018 as treatment for various diseases. The literature has repeatedly described the essential role of various fatty Received in revised form 1 February 2019 acids in treating a wide range of diseases and disorders, from central nervous system diseases to wound heal- Accepted 20 March 2019 ing. The use of fatty acids has expanded to many horizons and in recent decades they have gained impor- tance as drug delivery adjuvants in addition to their auxiliary benefits in treating various diseases. Although Keywords: fatty acids aid in solving both formulation-based and therapeutic challenges to our knowledge, they have Polyunsaturated FA never been viewed as dual agents in modern scientific literature. The aim of this review was to provide this FA Lipids perspective and combine the very discreet literature about fatty acids, which includes their role as therapeu- Oils tic adjuvants and drug delivery agents. It gives insights on the use of fatty acids in treating the diseases of the Penetration enhancers eye, skin, central nervous system, viral diseases, and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • The Control of Turkestan Cockroach Blatta Lateralis (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)
    Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 7(2): 375-380, 2020 https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.725807 TÜRK TURKISH TARIM ve DOĞA BİLİMLERİ JOURNAL of AGRICULTURAL DERGİSİ and NATURAL SCIENCES www.dergipark.gov.tr/turkjans Research Article The Control of Turkestan Cockroach Blatta lateralis (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) by The Entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) Using Hydrophilic Fabric Trap Yavuz Selim ŞAHİN, İsmail Alper SUSURLUK* Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] Receieved: 09.09.2019 Revised in Received: 18.02.2020 Accepted: 19.02.2020 Abstract Chemical insecticides used against cockroaches, which are an important urban pest and considered public health, are harmful to human health and cause insects to gain resistance. The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH, were used in place of chemical insecticides within the scope of biological control against the Turkestan cockroaches Blatta lateralis in this study. The hydrophilic fabric traps were set to provide the moist environment needed by the EPNs on aboveground. The fabrics inoculated with the nematodes at 50, 100 and 150 IJs/cm2 were used throughout the 37-day experiment. The first treatment was performed by adding 10 adult cockroaches immediately after the establishment of the traps. In the same way, the second treatment was applied after 15 days and the third treatment after 30 days. The mortality rates of cockroaches after 4 and 7 days of exposure to EPNs were determined for all treatments. Although Turkestan cockroaches were exposed to HBH 30 days after the setting of the traps, infection occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH ARTICLE a New Species of Cockroach, Periplaneta
    Tropical Biomedicine 38(2): 48-52 (2021) https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.38.2.036 RESEARCH ARTICLE A new species of cockroach, Periplaneta gajajimana sp. nov., collected in Gajajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Komatsu, N.1, Iio, H.2, Ooi, H.K.3* 1Civil International Corporation, 10–14 Kitaueno 1, Taito–ku, Tokyo, 110–0014, Japan 2Foundation for the Protection of Deer in Nara, 160-1 Kasugano-cho, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8212, Japan 3Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-710 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201 Japan *Corresponding author: [email protected] ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 25 January 2021 We described a new species of cockroach, Periplaneta gajajimana sp. nov., which was collected Revised: 2 February 2021 in Gajajima, Kagoshima-gun Toshimamura, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, on November 2012. Accepted: 2 February 2021 The new species is characterized by its reddish brown to blackish brown body, smooth Published: 30 April 2021 surface pronotum, well developed compound eyes, dark brown head apex, dark reddish brown front face and small white ocelli connected to the antennal sockets. In male, the tegmen tip reach the abdomen end or are slightly shorter, while in the female, it does not reach the abdominal end and exposes the abdomen beyond the 7th abdominal plate. We confirmed the validity of this new species by breeding the specimens in our laboratory to demonstrate that the features of the progeny were maintained for several generations. For comparison and easy identification of this new species, the key to species identification of the genus Periplaneta that had been reported in Japan to date are also presented.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana Linnaeus, As a Disseminator of Some Salmonella Bacteria
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1943 The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana Linnaeus, as a disseminator of some Salmonella bacteria. Arnold Erwin Fischman University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Fischman, Arnold Erwin, "The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana Linnaeus, as a disseminator of some Salmonella bacteria." (1943). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 5573. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/5573 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 3120bfc. 0230 2b3D b '! HE AMERICAN COCKROACH, ITiRIPEANETA AMERICANA LINNAEUS AS A DISSEMINATOR OF SOME SAl_.MONEL.LA BACTERIA — 111 F1SCHMAN - 1843 MORR LD 3234 ! M267 11943 F529 THK A&SBiCAjf cockroach, mSSSABk NKEJBUk ummxjs AS A PISSE’CHATOR CHP SO* RkUKMSUL BACTERIA Arnold Erwin Plachaan Thesis subaittetf in partial fulfill wont of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Riiloeophy Shseaohuaetta State College May, 1943 TABLE OP COSmtrs Jhge X. INTKGfUCTIGN .... 1 1. Origin, I-iatribution and Abundance of the Cockroach 1 2. Importance of the Cockroach •••••••••••••• 2 II. RETIES OP LITERATURE .. 6 1. Morphology of the Cockroach •••••••••••••• 7 2. Pevelopment of the Cockroach •••••••••••.. 7 3* Biology of the American Cockroach, Perl- nlcrmt* aaarloana Linnaeus •••••••••••• 8 4* Control .. 10 5. Bacteria and the Cockroach .. 12 6. Virus and the Cockroach 25 7. FUngi and the Cockroach ••»•••••••••••.••• 25 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Oriental Cockroach, Blatta Orientalis Linnaeus (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattidae)1 Kim Mccanless2
    EENY159 Oriental Cockroach, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus (Insecta: Blattodea: Blattidae)1 Kim McCanless2 Introduction The oriental cockroach is approximately 1 inch long (22 to 27mm) and dark brown to black. Males have wings The origin of the oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis covering 3/4 of their body, and the female has very short Linnaeus, is uncertain, but it is thought to be from Africa (rudimentary) wings. The inner wing folds like a fan and is or south Russia. It is a major household pest in parts of membranous. The outer part of the wing is narrow, leathery the northwest, mid-west, and southern United States. It is and thick. The styli between a pair of jointed cerci can also sometimes referred to as the “black beetle” or a “water identify the male. Both the male and female are flightless. bug” because of its dark black appearance and tendency to harbor in damp locations. Description Figure 2. Male oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus. Credits: Rebecca W. Baldwin, University of Florida Figure 1. Female oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus. Credits: Rebecca W. Baldwin, University of Florida 1. This document is EENY-159 (IN316), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published October 2000. Revised July 2014. This document is also available on Featured Creatures website at http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures. Please visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Kim McCanless, Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dichotomous Key for the Identification of the Cockroach Fauna (Insecta: Blattaria) of Florida
    Species Identification - Cockroaches of Florida 1 A Dichotomous Key for the Identification of the Cockroach fauna (Insecta: Blattaria) of Florida Insect Classification Exercise Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 Abstract: Students used available literature and specimens to produce a dichotomous key to species of cockroaches recorded from Florida. This exercise introduced students to techniques used in studying a group of insects, in this case Blattaria, to produce a regional species key. Producing a guide to a group of insects as a class exercise has proven useful both as a teaching tool and as a method to generate information for the public. Key Words: Blattaria, Florida, Blatta, Eurycotis, Periplaneta, Arenivaga, Compsodes, Holocompsa, Myrmecoblatta, Blatella, Cariblatta, Chorisoneura, Euthlastoblatta, Ischnoptera,Latiblatta, Neoblatella, Parcoblatta, Plectoptera, Supella, Symploce,Blaberus, Epilampra, Hemiblabera, Nauphoeta, Panchlora, Phoetalia, Pycnoscelis, Rhyparobia, distributions, systematics, education, teaching, techniques. Identification of cockroaches is limited here to adults. A major source of confusion is the recogni- tion of adults from nymphs (Figs. 1, 2). There are subjective differences, as well as morphological differences. Immature cockroaches are known as nymphs. Nymphs closely resemble adults except nymphs are generally smaller and lack wings and genital openings or copulatory appendages at the tip of their abdomen. Many species, however, have wingless adult females. Nymphs of these may be recognized by their shorter, relatively broad cerci and lack of external genitalia. Male cockroaches possess styli in addition to paired cerci. Styli arise from the subgenital plate and are generally con- spicuous, but may also be reduced in some species. Styli are absent in adult females and nymphs.
    [Show full text]
  • CLH Report for Nonanoic Acid
    CLH Report For Nonanoic Acid CLH report Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), Annex VI, Part 2 Substance Name: Nonanoic Acid EC Number: 203-931-2 CAS Number: 112-05-0 Index Number: 607-197-00-8 Contact details for dossier submitter: Umweltbundesamt GMbH on behalf of AT Competent Authority Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management Version number: 2 Date: 22.Dec. 2011 1 CLH Report For Nonanoic Acid 2 CLH Report For Nonanoic Acid CONTENTS Part A. 1 PROPOSAL FOR HARMONISED CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING ................................................ 6 1.1 SUBSTANCE .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 HARMONISED CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING PROPOSAL ............................................................................... 6 1.3 PROPOSED HARMONISED CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING BASED ON CLP REGULATION AND/OR DSD CRITERIA 7 2 BACKGROUND TO THE CLH PROPOSAL ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 HISTORY OF THE PREVIOUS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING ......................................................................... 11 2.2 SHORT SUMMARY OF THE SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE CLH PROPOSAL ................................................ 12 2.3 CURRENT HARMONISED CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • C Cockroach Biology and Management
    E-359 5/12 Cockroach Biology and Management Wizzie Brown, Michael Merchant, and Roger E. Gold* ockroaches are among the most common American, oriental, and smokybrown cockroaches insect pests in homes, schools, and busi- live mostly outdoors but may move indoors in C nesses. They like to eat many of the same search of food or water. Cockroaches also infest foods we do and are especially troublesome wher- homes when brought in with groceries or boxes, ever food is prepared or served. They also may and, once established, can readily move within transfer disease-causing organisms. structures such as from apartment to apartment. Fortunately, cockroaches can be controlled American cockroaches, also known as water- with a little knowledge about their biology and bugs or palmetto bugs, are more common in com- behavior, attention to sanitation, and effective use mercial buildings and are one of the most common of commercially available insecticides. cockroaches in sewer systems. The largest cock- roach in Texas, it can grow 1½ to 2 inches long. Identifying cockroaches Both the adult male and the female can fly. Adults are reddish brown (Fig. 1a), with tan to Cockroaches have flattened bodies and heads light-yellow bands outlining the pronotum. Young that, when viewed from above, are concealed by a nymphs are grayish brown, but after the first few plate-like structure called a pronotum. They move molts, they become more reddish brown (Fig. 1b). surprisingly fast with their elongated, spiny legs. Their long, thin antennae help them find food and feel their way in the dark (which is when they are a b most active).
    [Show full text]