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Hydrologic Conditions Hydrologic U.S

Hydrologic Conditions Hydrologic U.S

2008

Florida

in in

Year Water during Hydrologic Conditions Hydrologic U.S. Geological Survey Geological U.S. U.S. DepartmentInterior the U.S. of Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5115 Report Investigations Scientific Prepared as part of the the of part as Prepared Program Water Cooperative Survey Geological U.S. Program Information Streamflow National the and

Verdi, R.J., Holt, S.L., Irvin, R.B., and Fulcher, D.L.— Hydrologic Conditions in during Water Year 2008 —USGS/SIR 2010-5115 Cover. at State Park. Photograph by Hal Davis, U.S. Geological Survey. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

By Richard J. Verdi, Sandra L. Holt, Ronald B. Irvin, and David L. Fulcher

Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program and the National Streamflow Information Program

Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5115

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010

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Suggested citation: Verdi, R.J., Holt, S.L., Irvin, R.B., and Fulcher, D.L., 2010, Hydrologic conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5115, 52 p

ISBN 978 1 4113 2908 9 iii

Contents

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Funding for Data Collection in Florida ...... 1 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida...... 5 Precipitation...... 5 Surface Water...... 9 Northwest Florida...... 9 Northeast Florida...... 24 ...... 24 ...... 25 Elevations...... 25 Northwest Florida...... 25 Northeast Florida...... 25 Southwest Florida...... 27 South Florida...... 27 Groundwater...... 27 Northwest Florida...... 27 Northeast Florida...... 27 Southwest Florida...... 51 South Florida...... 51 Summary...... 52 Selected References ...... 52

Figures

1. Map showing delineation of geographic monitoring regions in Florida...... 2 2. Map showing locations of monitoring stations in Florida...... 3 3. Example of the monthly observed precipitation maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, August 2008...... 6 4. Example of the monthly percentage of normal precipitation maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, August 2008...... 6 5. Examples of the weekly drought monitor maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service...... 7 6–60. Figures showing— 6. at Branford water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 17 7. at Worthington Springs water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1932-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 17 iv

8. near Cross City water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1950-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 17 9. near Havana water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1926-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 17 10. near Altha water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1913-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 18 11. Shoal River near Crestview water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1938-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 18 12. Escambia River near Century water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1934-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 18 13. St. Mary’s River near Macclenny water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1927-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 18 14. St. John’s River near Cocoa water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1954-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 19 15. St. John’s River near De Land water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1934-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 19 16. near Conner water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1930-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 19 17. at Palmdale water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 19 18. Reedy Creek near Vineland water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1966-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 20 19. Arbuckle Creek near De Soto City water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1939-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 20 20. Withlacoochee River at Trilby water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1928-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 20 v

21. Little Withlacoochee River at Rerdell water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1958-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 20 22. Withlacoochee River near Holder water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1928-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 21 23. at Arcadia water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1932-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 21 24. near Sarasota water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1937-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 21 25. at Lithia water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1933-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 21 26. Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1940-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 22 27. near Elfers water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1947-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 22 28. St. Lucie Canal below S-308 near Port Mayaca water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 22 29. at S-79 near Olga water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1966-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 22 30. West Palm Beach Canal at S-352 at Canal Point water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1940-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 23 31. below S-351 near South Bay water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1957-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 23 32. North New River Canal below S-2 and S-351 near South Bay water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1957-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 23 33. Canal at S-354 and S-3 at Lake Harbor water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1958-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 23 vi

34. Industrial Canal at Clewiston water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1976-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 24 35. near Bloxham water year 2008 monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1930-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 26 36. Lake Minnehaha at Clermont water year 2008 monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1947-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 26 37. Moon Lake in Pasco County water year 2008 monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1965-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 26 38. water year 2008 monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1912-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period October 1998 to September 2008...... 26 39. USGS observation well 422A near Greenhead water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 29 40. USGS benchmark well near Crawfordville water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 30 41. DOT-41 observation well at Inverness water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 31 42. College Street well at Leesburg water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 32 43. Lake Oliver deep well near Vineland water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 33 44. OR-47 at Orlo Vista water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 34 45. P-49 well near Frostproof water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 35 46. USGS observation well H-15A near Palmdale water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 36 vii

47. State Highway 577 well near San Antonio water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 37 48. Weeki Wachee well near Weeki Wachee water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 38 49. ROMP 57 Floridan well near Lake Wales water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 39 50. Turner well near Brandon water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 40 51. Kibler deep well 26B near Bethany water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 41 52. Sarasota well 9 near Sarasota water year 2008 daily maximum water level com- pared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 42 53. Marshall deep well near Gardner water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 43 54. USGS observation well S-196A near Homestead water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 44 55. USGS observation well PB-683 near West Palm Beach water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 45 56. USGS observation well C-496 water year 2008 daily maximum water level com- pared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 46 57. USGS observation well L-2194 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 47 58. USGS observation well L-729 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 48 59. USGS observation well L-1993 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 49 60. USGS observation well L-2434 water year 2008 daily maximum water level com- pared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008...... 50 viii

Tables 1. Relation of period-of-record mean annual discharge to mean discharge for the 2007 and 2008 water years...... 10 2. Stations reaching record-low monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence...... 11 3. Stations reaching record-high monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence...... 14 4. Peak discharges, river levels, and exceedance probabilities compared to period-of-record peak discharges, river levels, and exceedance probabilites for sites reaching period of record instantaneous peak discharges caused by Tropical Storm Fay...... 16

Conversion factors, abbreviations, acronyms, and datums

Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

ADR Annual Data Report mg/L milligrams per liter NSIP National Streamflow Information Program NWISWeb U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System Webpage SKTT Seasonal Kendall Trend Test USGS U.S. Geological Survey

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

By Richard J. Verdi, Sandra L. Holt, Ronald B. Irvin, and David L. Fulcher

Abstract water-related data collected by USGS during the water year (October 1 to September 30). In 1961, a series of annual Record-high and record-low hydrologic conditions reports, called “Water-Resources Data for Florida,” was occurred during water year 2008 (October 1, 2007-September introduced that published only surface-water data. In 1964, 30, 2008). Record-low levels were caused by a continuation a similar report was introduced for the purposes of publish- of the 2007 water year drought conditions into the 2008 water ing water-quality data. In 1975, the reports were changed year and persisting until summer rainfall. The gage at the Santa to a single volume and expanded to publish data for surface Fe River near Fort White site recorded record-low monthly water, water quality, and ground-water levels. These reports mean discharges in October and November 2007. The previous are listed at http://fl.water.usgs.gov/publications/bibliography/ records for this site were set in 1956 and 2002, respectively. bibliography.html#S (within the alphabetical listing of entries Record-high conditions in northeast and northwest Florida were that begin with “U.S. Geological Survey”). Formal publication caused by the rainfall and runoff associated with Tropical Storm of the annual report series was discontinued at the end of the Fay. For example, St. Mary’s River near Macclenny recorded a 2005 water year upon activation of the Annual Data Report new record-high monthly mean discharge in August 2008. The (ADR) database website. Reports for water years subsequent previous record for this site was set in 1945. Lake Okeechobee to 2005 are available at this website. This website facilitates in south Florida reached new minimum monthly mean lake the retrieval of data by hydrologic units or individual basins levels since monitoring began in 1912 from October to March that cross State and county boundaries, and gives the user during the 2008 water year. Some wells throughout northwest many options regarding the data and site locations of which and south Florida registered period-of-record lowest daily they have interest. National data for discharge, lake and maximum water levels. groundwater levels, and quality of water for the 2008 water year are accessible to the public on the USGS ADR website at http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/. Introduction Current and historical data, including site information, daily values, statistics, and field measurements, are available for all monitoring sites on the National Water Information Webpage This report describes data and hydrologic conditions (NWISWeb) at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/nwis. Incre- throughout Florida during the 2008 water year—a record- mental time-series data for past 10 to 15 years are available for setting year for high and low precipitation, surface-water many parameters (gage height, discharge, water temperature, flows, lake elevations, and groundwater levels. Overall, the specific conductance, and so forth) for many USGS stations hydrologic conditions in Florida in 2008 varied from well since the evolution of electronic data loggers; computer systems below normal, caused by a continuation of the 2007 water year have made it possible to store and provide access to such data. drought conditions, to above normal, caused by the landfall The Instantaneous Data Archive is available at: http://ida.water. of Tropical Storm Fay in August. Record-low and record-high usgs.gov/ida/index_usgs.cfm. monthly mean discharge conditions were reported at several locations. Levels at Lake Okeechobee in south Florida reached record lows from October to March in the 2008 water year. Funding for Data Collection in Florida Groundwater levels generally were below normal, although some sites were above normal during part of the year. Histori- Funding to provide hydrologic data to the public primarily cally, Florida has been divided into four geographic monitor- comes from three Federal sources: (1) the USGS Coopera- ing regions (fig. 1): northwest, northeast, southwest, and south. tive Water Program in which Federal, State, and local agen- The locations of the monitoring stations used in this report are cies share in the costs of the monitoring stations with the identified in figure 2. USGS; (2) other agency funds; and (3) the National Stream- Prior to 1960, these data were published in various U.S. flow Information Program (NSIP). The NSIP provides some Geological Survey (USGS) water-supply papers and included Federal funding for gages with the following critical interests: 2 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82° 81° 80°

31° ALABAMA ESCAMBIA HOLMES SANTA ROSA JACKSON GEORGIA OKALOOSA ASHINGTON WALTON W GADSDEN NASSAU CALHOUN HAMILTON BAY LEON MADISON SUW Northeast

JEFFERSON BAKER WAKULLA COLUMBI DUVAL LIBERTY ANNEE Florida 30° TAYLOR ST

UNION . JOHN GULF FRANKLIN A CLAY A LAFAYETTE GILCHRIST BRADFORD tlantic Northwest Florida S PUTNAM DIXIE ALACHUA FLAGLER

LEVY O cea MARION 29° VOLUSIA n CITRUS LAKE

SEMINOLE

SUMTER HERNANDO ORANGE

PASCO BREV Gulf of Mexico POLK HILLSBOROUGH OSCEOLA 28° ARD

PINELLAS OKEECHOBE HIGHLANDS Southwest MANATEE HARDEE Florida ST. LUCIE E DE SOTO 27° SARASOTA Lake MARTIN GLADES Okeechobee CHARLOTTE

LEE HENDRY PALM BEACH

BROWARD 26° COLLIER

MIAMI-DADE MONROE South Florida

25° 0 25 50 75 100 MILES

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000, datum nad83 Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection, Standard parallels 29°30’ and 45 °30’, central meridian -83°00’

Figure 1. Delineation of geographic monitoring regions in Florida. Introduction 3

87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82° 81°

31° A L A B A M A Escambia SW-82 F L O R I D A Jackson Santa SW-81 Holmes Rosa GEORGIA SW-77 Okaloosa Walton Washington Gadsden SW-73 Nassau GW-1 SW-75 SW-78 SW-74 Madison Hamilton SW-80 SW-76 Leon Calhoun LK-1 Jefferson SW-1 Bay SW-72 SW-71 Duval

Suwannee Columbia Liberty Wakulla Baker A 30° GW-2 SW-70 tlantic Union Gulf SW-79 SW-69 Lafayette SW-13 Franklin Clay Taylor SW-64 Bradford St. SW-66 SW-65 SW-68 Johns O Alachua cea Gilchrist Putnam Dixie Flagler SW-67 n 0 50 MILES Gulf of Mexico Levy SW-11 SW-12 SW-63 0 50 KILOMETERS SW-10 29° Marion Volusia

Lake

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000, datum nad83 Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection, Standard parallels 29°30’ and 45 °30’, central meridian -83°00’

83° 82° 81° 80° Figure 2A. Locations of monitoring Levy Marion 29° SW-62 stations in northern Florida. SW-9 SW-8 GW-3 SW-61 GW-4 Volusia Citrus SW-60 Brevard Sumter SW-7 Hernando SW-59 LK-2 GW-6 GW-9 Orange SW-6 Lake GW-5 LK-3 SW-58 Atlantic SW-57 Pasco SW-5 SW-56 GW-10 SW-20 SW-3 SW-54 Polk SW-14 28° SW-4 SW-55 SW-15 GW-12 Osceola O EXPLANATION cea Pinellas GW-11 SW-16 SW-48 LOCATIONS OF SITES USED IN THIS REPORT HillsboroughSW-53 Indian n Numbers refer to table with site description GW-7 SW-17 SW-21 River LK-3 LAKE SITE – Location and number Manatee SW-49 Okeechobee GW-13 Hardee SW-2 SW-3 SURFACE-WATER SITE – Location and number GW-15 SW-22 St. GW-3 GROUNDWATER SITE – Location and number GW-14 Lucie SW-50 Highlands Martin SW-52 De Soto Sarasota SW-23 27° GW-8 SW-51 Charlotte SW-18 SW-19 LK-4 SW-24 Glades SW-26 SW-25 GW-17 GW-21 SW-39 SW-47 SW-40, 41, 42, GW-22 Lee SW-29 SW-28 43, 44, 45, & 46 SW-37 GW-20 SW-38 Hendry Palm Beach GW-19 GW-18 SW-27 Broward Gul SW-36

26° o f Collier M f SW-32 SW-30 SW-31 exic Monroe SW-33 SW-34 o SW-35 GW-16 Miami-Dade

25°

0 50 MILES

Figure 2B. Locations of monitoring 0 50 KILOMETERS stations in southern Florida. Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000, datum nad83 Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection, Standard parallels 29°30’ and 45 °30’, central meridian -83°00’ 4 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Surface-Water Sites SW-1 02231000 St. Mary's River near MacClenny, Baker County, FL SW-54 02303000 Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills, Hillsborough County, FL SW-2 02231342 Fort Drum Creek near Fort Drum, Okeechobee County, FL SW-55 02306000 Sulphur Springs at Sulphur Springs, Hillsborough County, FL SW-3 02232000 St. John's River near Melbourne, Brevard County, FL SW-56 02310000 Anclote River near Elfers, Pasco County, FL SW-4 02232155 Pennywash Creek near Deer Park, Osceola County, FL SW-57 02310300 near New Port Richey, SW-5 02232400 St. John's River near Cocoa, Brevard County, FL Pasco County, FL SW-6 02232500 St. John's River near Christmas, Orange County, FL SW-58 02312000 Withlacoochee River at Trilby, Hernando County, FL SW-7 02234384 Soldier Creek near Longwood, Seminole County, FL SW-59 02312200 Little Withlacoochee River at Rerdell, Hernando County, FL SW-8 02236000 St. John's River near De Land, Lake County, FL SW-60 02312700 Outlet River at Panacoochee Retreats, Sumter County, FL SW-9 02236125 St. John's River at Astor, Volusia County, FL SW-61 02312720 Withlacoochee River at Wysong Dam, at Carlson, SW-10 02240000 Ocklawaha River near Conner, Marion County, FL Sumter County, FL SW-11 02243000 at Orange Springs, Marion County, FL SW-62 02313000 Withlacoochee River near Holder, Marion County, FL SW-12 02243960 Ocklawaha River at Rodman Dam, near Orange Springs, SW-63 02313700 near Gulf , Levy County, FL Putnam County, FL SW-64 02320500 Suwannee River at Branford, Suwannee County, FL SW-13 02246025 near Doctor's Inlet, Clay County, FL SW-65 02321500 Santa Fe River at Worthington Springs, Alachua County, FL SW-14 02249500 Crane Creek at Melbourne, Brevard County, FL SW-66 02322500 Santa Fe River near Fort White, Gilchrist County, FL SW-15 02250030 Turkey Creek at , Brevard County, FL SW-67 02323500 Suwannee River near Wilcox, Levy County, FL SW-16 02251000 South Prong St. Sebastian River near Sebastian, SW-68 02324000 Steinhatchee River near Cross City, Taylor County, FL Indian River County, FL SW-69 02324400 near Foley, Taylor County, FL SW-17 02253000 Main Canal at Vero Beach, Indian River County, FL SW-70 02325000 Fenholloway River near Perry, Taylor County, FL SW-18 02256500 Fisheating Creek at Palmdale, Glades County, FL SW-71 02326000 near Perry, Taylor County, FL SW-19 02257000 Fisheating Creek at Lakeport, Glades County, FL SW-72 02326900 St. Marks River near Newport, Wakulla County, FL SW-20 02266300 Reedy Creek near Vineland, Osceola County, FL SW-73 02328522 Ochlockonee River near Concord, Leon County, FL SW-21 02270000 Carter Creek near Sebring, Highlands County, FL SW-74 02329000 Ochlockonee River near Havana, Leon County, FL SW-22 02270500 Arbuckle Creek near De Soto City, Highlands County, FL SW-75 02329600 Little River near Midway, Gadsden County, FL SW-23 02276877 St. Lucie Canal below S-308 near Port Mayaca, SW-76 02330100 Telogia Creek near Bristol, Liberty County, FL Martin County, FL SW-77 02358000 at Chatthoochee, Gadsden County, FL SW-24 02278000 West Palm Beach Canal at S-352 at Canal Point, SW-78 02359000 Chipola River near Altha, Calhoun County, FL Palm Beach County, FL SW-79 02359170 Apalachicola River near Sumatra, Franklin County, FL SW-25 02278500 Diversion to Conservation Area at S-5A near Loxahatchee, SW-80 02359500 near Bennett, Bay County, FL Palm Beach County, FL SW-81 02369000 Shoal River near Crestview, Okaloosa County, FL SW-26 02280500 Hillsboro Canal below S-351 near South Bay, SW-82 02375500 Escambia River near Century, Santa Rosa County, FL Palm Beach County, FL SW-27 02281400 Hillsboro Canal near Margate, Broward County, FL Groundwater Sites SW-28 02283500 North New River Canal below S-2 and S-351 near GW-1 303025085350501 Well 422A near Greenhead, Washington County, FL South Bay, Palm Beach County, FL GW-2 300740084293001 Benchmark Well near Crawfordville, SW-29 02286400 at S-354 and S-3 at Lake Harbor, Wakulla County, FL Palm Beach County, FL GW-3 285102082204001 DOT-41 at Inverness, Citrus County, FL SW-30 02287497 Northwest Wellfield Canal near Dade Broward Levee, GW-4 284842081533001 College Street Well at Leesburg, Lake County, FL Miami-Dade County, FL GW-5 282202081384601 Lake Oliver Deep well near Vineland, SW-31 02288600 Miami Canal at Northwest 36th Street, Miami, Orange County, FL Miami-Dade County, FL GW-6 283253081283401 OR-47 at Orlo Vista, Orange County,FL SW-32 02288900 Outlets, 40-Mile Bend to Monroe, GW-7 274812081190301 P-49 near Frostproof, Polk County, FL Collier County, FL GW-8 270157081203101 H-15A near Palmdale, Highlands County, FL SW-33 02290766 Levee 31 North Extension at 4 Mile near West Miami, GW-9 283201082315601 Weeki Wachee Well near Weeki Wachee, Miami-Dade County, FL Hernando County, FL SW-34 02290767 Levee 31 North Extension at 5 Mile near West Miami, GW-10 281715082164401 HWY 577 Well near San Antonio, Pasco County, FL Miami-Dade County, FL GW-11 275627082150801 Turner Well near Brandon, Hillsborough County, FL SW-35 02290768 Levee 31 North Extension at 7 Mile near West Miami, GW-12 275411081372001 ROMP 57 Well near Lake Wales, Polk County, FL Miami-Dade County, FL GW-13 272838082142201 Kibler Deep Well 26B near Bethany, SW-36 02291524 Spring Creek Headwater near Bonita Springs, Lee County, FL Manatee County, FL SW-37 02291580 North Branch at Estero, Lee County, FL GW-14 271938082251801 Sarasota Well 9 near Sarasota, Sarasota County, FL SW-38 02291597 South Branch Estero River at Estero, Lee County, FL GW-15 272012081482501 Marshall Deep Well near Gardner, SW-39 02292900 Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near Olga, Lee County, FL De Soto County, FL SW-40 02293214 Meade Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-16 253029080295601 S-196A near Homestead, Miami-Dade County, FL SW-41 02293240 Aries Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-17 263524080124301 PB-683 near West Palm Beach, SW-42 02293241 San Carlos Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL Palm Beach County, FL SW-43 02293264 Gator Slough at State Road 765 at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-18 260111081243901 C-496 at Corkscrew Sanctuary, Collier County, FL SW-44 02293345 Shadroe Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-19 261957081432201 L-2194 near Bonita Springs, Lee County, FL SW-45 02293346 Horseshoe Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-20 263335081394301 L-729 near Lehigh Acres, Lee County, FL SW-46 02293347 Hermosa Canal at Cape Coral, Lee County, FL GW-21 263251081452801 L-1993 near Fort Myers, Lee County, FL SW-47 264514080550700 Industrial Canal at Clewiston, Hendry County, FL GW-22 263526082010201 L-2434 near Cape Coral, Lee County, FL SW-48 02294650 Peace River at Bartow, Polk County, FL SW-49 02295420 Payne Creek near Bowling Green, Hardee County, FL Lake Sites SW-50 02296750 Peace River at Arcadia, De Soto County, FL LK-1 02329900 Lake Talquin near Bloxham, Leon County, FL SW-51 02298202 Shell Creek near Punta Gorda, Charlotte County, FL LK-2 02236840 Lake Minnehaha at Clermont, Lake County, FL SW-52 02298830 Myakka River near Sarasota, Sarasota County, FL LK-3 02310290 Moon Lake in Pasco County, FL SW-53 02301500 Alafia River at Lithia, Hillsborough County, FL LK-4 02276400 Lake Okeechobee, Palm Beach County, FL

Figure 2. Location of monitoring stations in Florida.—Continued. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 5 interstate and international waters, flood forecasts, large river- Hydrologic Conditions in Florida basin outflows, sentinel watersheds, and water quality. The USGS Cooperative Water Program funds the majority of the This section describes the hydrologic conditions in data-collection stations in Florida through cost-sharing agree- Florida during the 2008 water year. Analyses of data are made ments with water management districts, several State agencies, for precipitation, surface-water flows, lake elevations, and and many local county and municipal governments. groundwater levels. During the 2008 water year, these programs funded 450 continuous discharge stations, 235 stage-only stations, 405 continuous groundwater stations, 1,200 periodic groundwater Precipitation stations, 145 continuous water-quality stations, and water- quality samples at 190 discharge and 200 groundwater stations. Precipitation quantity and timing affect the hydrologic About 75 percent of the continuous record stations have real- conditions in streams, , and aquifers in Florida. Although time data available at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/rt/. the USGS collects some meteorological data (primarily for Cooperative agreements between the USGS and Florida project or operational needs), the National Oceanic and Atmo- agencies for the collection of water-resources records have spheric Administration, National Weather Service, combines existed since 1930. Agencies that had cooperative agree- this information with data collected by many other organiza- ments with the USGS during the 2008 water year are listed tions and provides detailed summaries, including weekly and below. Funding for water-resources monitoring through the monthly maps depicting: (1) monthly observed precipitation, Jacksonville and Mobile Districts, U.S. Army Corp of Engi- (2) monthly percentage of normal precipitation, and (3) the neers, was obtained through a Military Interdepartmental weekly drought monitor. Examples of these maps are provided Purchase Request. in figures 3 to 5. For this report, the termprecipitation refers to rainfall. These summaries of rainfall and drought data were Big Cypress Park used to provide the narrative of rainfall conditions for the City of Bradenton 2008 water year, and to serve as background information for City of Cocoa Utilities understanding changes in water levels and flow in Florida’s City of North Port streams, lakes, and aquifers. In this section, long-term average City of Sanibel is defined as an average total rainfall for Florida from 1907 to City of Sarasota 2007. Statewide average daily rainfall is defined as the aver- City of Tallahassee age of all recorded precipitation values across the state for the City of Tampa given date. County of Broward The drought-intensity categories used in the text and County of Hillsborough figure 5 reflect input from several indicators with differ- County of Lee ent scales of units. The indices used are Percent of Normal County of Manatee Precipitation, Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer County of Miami-Dade Drought Severity Index, Crop Moisture Index, Surface Water County of Okaloosa County of Pinellas Supply Index, and the Reclamation Drought Index (Hayes, County of Santa Rosa 2008). Generally, these indicators reflect a system of ranking County of Sarasota percentiles to correlate with the different intensities (Fuchs, County of Seminole National Drought Mitigation Center, written commun. 2008). County of Walton Abnormally dry reflects indices that mostly fall within the Florida Department of Environmental Protection lowest 30 percent. Moderate drought reflects indices mostly in Florida Department of Transportation the lowest 20 percent. Severe drought reflects indices mostly Jacksonville Electric Authority in the lowest 10 percent. Extreme drought reflects indices Lake County Water Authority mostly in the lowest 5 percent. Exceptional drought reflects Miami-Dade Water and Sewer indices mostly in the lowest 1–2 percent. Northwest Florida Water Management District Orange County Environmental Protection Division October 2007—Precipitation in Florida was slightly higher Peace River Regional Water Supply Authority than normal during October. The long-term average for Florida Reedy Creek Improvement District in October is 3.83 in. (inches); the average for October in 2007 Seminole Tribe was greater than 5.50 in. The statewide average precipitation South Florida Water Management District was 2.06 in. on October 24, thus setting a new daily record Southwest Florida Water Management District (http://www.sercc.com/climateinfo_files/monthly/Florida_prcp. St. Johns Water Management District html). The highest monthly total precipitation during October Suwannee River Water Management District was 17.44 in., recorded at the Pensacola Regional Airport. Water 6 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Figure 3. Example of the monthly observed precipitation maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, August 2008.

Figure 4. Example of the monthly percentage of normal precipitation maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, August 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 7

A

B

Figure 5. Example of the weekly drought monitor maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, A, January 2008, and B, July 2008. 8 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

November 2007—Northwest Florida received below normal May 2008—Heavy rainfall during May in southeast Florida rainfall amounts during November. The south-central area, the produced 2 to 6 in. of precipitation in some areas. How- southwest coast, and the received less than 1.0 in. ever, statewide precipitation totals were still 2.18 in. below of precipitation, on average. Ft. Myers, Bonita Springs, and normal. Miami Beach received the highest total precipitation surrounding areas were in moderate drought conditions. New (6.05 in.), nearly doubling the long-term statewide average Hope received the highest monthly total of 7.26 in. of precipi- for May. The southeast coast of Florida was in normal to D0 tation. The statewide average precipitation was 1.37 in. for abnormally dry conditions. D0-D2 drought conditions con- November, nearly 1 in. below the long-term average of 2.33 in. tinued in southwest Florida. Normal to D0 conditions existed north of Rusk. Two stations in the Florida Keys, Islamorada December 2007—Statewide precipitation was below normal and the Dry Tortugas, as the Kissimmee station recorded no during December. Niceville had the highest amount of precipitation for May. monthly total precipitation, with 9.09 in. On December 16, a cold front that stalled across the Gulf of Mexico brought June 2008—The southeast coast of Florida continued to significant rainfall to the northwest, north, and north-central receive above normal rainfall in June. Miami received more parts of Florida. During this event, New Hope received than 7 in. Despite the abundant rainfall in Miami and through- 3.45 in., Cross City received 2.80 in., and De Land received out the State, groundwater levels remained lower than normal. 2.30 in. of precipitation. Although received During June, most of Florida was at minimum D0 drought near-normal amounts of rainfall in December, south Florida conditions. The precipitation in south Florida alleviated the D1 was unusually dry, causing severe drought conditions in and D2 drought conditions. south-. July 2008—Precipitation for Florida was 0.83 in. above January 2008—January rainfall was below normal normal for July. Big Corkscrew received the highest total throughout the State, continuing the drought conditions for precipitation with 17.96 in. The highest 24-hour total precipi- most of Florida. Abnormally dry conditions extended from the tation occurred on July 17 at March Island, which received panhandle into central Florida. Moderate to extreme drought 6.13 in. Northwest Florida was below normal for July. Talla- conditions existed in southwest Florida. Big Cypress, the hassee was 3.77 in. below the long-term average. D0 drought Everglades, Marco Island, and Naples Municipal Airport all conditions existed in northwest Florida and areas surround- received less than 1 in. of precipitation during January. ing Lake Okeechobee. Most of Florida received abundant rainfall during July, thus alleviating the previous D0-D2 February 2008—Northwest and north Florida had two drought conditions. significant rainfall events that resulted in above normal aver- age totals on February 17–18 and February 21–23. Panama August 2008—Due to the large amount of precipitation City received 14.37 in., Clarksville received 11.68 in., and produced by Tropical Storm Fay, drought conditions were Marianna received 10.33 in. for February. Although the heavy nonexistant in Florida during August. Due to the slow move- rainfall alleviated the abnormally dry conditions across the ment of this tropical system, precipitation exceeded 24 in. panhandle, extreme drought conditions continued in south- across parts of east-central Florida. Big Corkscrew station central Florida. Most of this region received less than the received the highest total precipitation for the second con- long-term average of 3.19 in. for February. Arcadia, Avon secutive month with 32.35 in. of rainfall. Precipitation for Park, Bradenton, Ft. Pierce, Myakka River State Park, Par- Melbourne was 27.65 in. and the panhandle received 10 in. or rish, Venice, and Vero Beach were a few of the locations that received less than 2 in. of precipitation for February. more, on average.

March 2008—Statewide precipitation was below normal for September 2008—After the record-setting totals produced by March. South-central Florida and the lower east coast of Flor- Tropical Storm Fay during August, precipitation throughout ida received on average 3.5 in. and 4.9 in., respectively. The Florida during September was much lower than normal. D0 D3―Extreme drought condition west of Lake Okeechobee drought conditions (fig. 5A) returned to the western part of improved to D1―Moderate drought condition. Stuart received the panhandle. had minimal effects from the the highest total amount of rainfall in the State (8.54 in.) Tropical Fay rainfall during August. St. Petersburg received during March. only 1.20 in. of precipitation during September, thus causing a -6.39 in. departure from normal. The entire south-central April 2008—Rainfall was above normal in Florida as wide- region of the State was at least 24 in. below normal. Over- spread rainfall events temporarily relieved most drought con- all, water year 2008 concluded with near normal conditions ditions. Naples received 7.50 in., Saint Leo 6.14 in., Plant City throughout Florida. 5.49 in., and Tallahassee 4.02 in. However, D0-D1 drought conditions persisted along the southwest coast of Florida from Bradenton to the Everglades. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 9

Surface Water throughout northwest Florida reached record-low or record- high monthly mean discharges during the year (tables 2 and 3). Annual discharge rates varied across Florida during the Some streamgage locations recorded peak of record discharge 2008 water year and ranged from below normal across the associated with the rainfall and runoff from Tropical Storm State to near normal in parts of the panhandle. Several sites Fay (table 4). Figures 6 through 12 show the seven representa- reached record-low monthly mean discharges during the year, tive streams in northwest Florida. while others reached record-high monthly mean discharges. The dry conditions throughout the analysis period from Record-low discharges throughout the State were the result October to July were caused by less than normal rainfall that of below normal rainfall and runoff associated with drought had persisted throughout the region. Several streamgage loca- conditions continuing from the 2007 water year. Record-high tions registered record-low monthly mean discharges during monthly mean discharges and instantaneous peak river eleva- the year (table 2). For example, monthly mean discharges tions and/or discharges that occur in August and September reached period of record (1928–1930 and 1932–2008) low were the direct result of heavy rainfall associated with the four levels during October (727 ft3/s) and November (620 ft3/s) Florida landfalls of Tropical Storm Fay beginning August 18 at Santa Fe River near Fort White (02322500). The previous (Verdi and Holt, 2010). records were in 1956 (730 ft3/s) and 2002 (636 ft3/s), respec- Table 1 provides data from 29 representative streamgages tively (table 2). Econfina Creek near Bennett (02359500) across the State of Florida showing water years 2007 (as a reached period-of-record (1936–1994 and 1999–2008) low comparison) and 2008 annual mean discharge and percent of monthly mean discharges during November (312 ft3/s). The mean for the period of record. Table 2 provides data showing previous record was 323 ft3/s in 1956 (table 2). record-low monthly mean discharges, month(s) of occurrence, and previous record and year of occurrence for streamgages Higher than normal monthly mean discharges during across the State. Table 3 provides data showing record-high August and September were the direct result of Tropical Storm monthly mean discharges, month(s) of occurrence, and previ- Fay moving through this part of Florida from August 22 to ous record and year of occurrence for streamgages across the 24 (Verdi and Holt, 2010). A few streamgages in northwest State. Table 4 provides the peak discharge and gage height for Florida reached record-high monthly mean discharges dur- sites reaching period of record instantaneous peak discharges ing August or September. For example, the St. Marks River caused by Tropical Storm Fay. near Newport (02326900; period of record from 1957–1976; Discharge hydro­graphs for the representative streams in 1992–1994, and 1996–2008) gage reached a new September Florida are shown in figures 6 to 34. The upper graphA shows high monthly mean discharge of 1,660 ft3/s. The previous the 2008 water year monthly mean discharge compared to the record was 1,560 ft3/s, set in 1957 (table 3). The Little River maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for near Midway (02329600; period of record from 1986–2008) the period of record at that site. The lower graph B shows the gage reached a new August high monthly mean discharge of monthly mean discharge for the 1999–2008 calendar years. 1,740 ft3/s. The previous record there was 1,620 ft3/s set in 1994 (table 3). Northwest Florida Instantaneous peak discharge and other notable discharge peaks associated with Tropical Storm Fay occurred dur- Annual mean discharge across northwest Florida was ing 2008. For example, the St. Mark’s River near Newport below normal to near normal during the 2008 water year, streamgage (02326900; period of record from 1957–1976; but was below normal during the previous year (table 1). 1992–1994, and 1996–2008) recorded a peak discharge of For example, the annual discharge at Suwannee River at 5,890 ft3/s on August 25 (table 4). A discharge event of this 3 Branford (02320500) during water year 2008 was 4,270 ft /s, magnitude has an exceedance probability of less than 0.01, which is 62 percent of the period of record (1931–2008) indicating the event has less than a 1 percent chance of occur- 3 average of 6,840 ft /s (table 1). The annual discharge at Santa ring in any given year (table 4) (Verdi and Holt, 2010). The Fe River at Worthington Springs (02321500) was 224 ft3/s, Ochlockonee River near Concord streamgage (02328522; which is 54 percent of the period of record (1932–2008) period of record from 1999 to 2008) recorded a peak discharge average of 411 ft3/s. This is a significant increase from of 54,400 ft3/s on August 25 (table 4). The Ochlockonee River the previous year when annual discharge was less than near Havana streamgage (02329000) recorded a peak dis- 1 percent of the period of record average (table 1). The 3 annual discharge at Shoal River near Crestview (02369000) charge of 37,400 ft /s on August 25, which is the second high- was 1,010 ft3/s during the 2008 water year, which is est recorded peak in its 83-year period of record from 1926 to 92 percent of the period of record (1938–2008) average of 2008. A discharge event of this magnitude has an exceedance 1,100 ft3/s (table 1). probability of 0.01 to 0.02, indicating the event size has a 1 to Monthly mean discharges averaged well below normal 2 percent chance of occurring in any given year. The record from October through July, but then averaged near normal peak of 55,900 ft3/s at the Havana gage occurred during the to above normal during August and September. Streamgages flood of April 4, 1948 (Verdi and Holt, 2010). 10 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Table 1. Relation of period-of-record mean annual discharge to mean discharge for the 2007 and 2008 water years.

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Mean annual Mean discharge for Mean discharge for Station name Station discharge the 2007 water year the 2008 water year number Period of Percent Percent Representative streams in Florida Value Value Value record of mean of mean Northwest Florida 02320500 Suwannee River at Branford, Florida 1931-2008 6,840 2,110 31 4,270 62 02321500 Santa Fe River at Worthington Springs, Florida 1932-2008 411 3.80 <1 224 54 02324000 Steinhatchee River near Cross City, Florida 1950-2008 300 25.5 8 65.6 22 02329000 Ochlockonee River near Havana, Florida 1926-2008 1,040 289 28 1,120 108 02359000 Chipola River near Altha, Florida 1913-2008 1,470 682 46 1,150 78 02369000 Shoal River near Crestview, Florida 1938-2008 1,100 502 46 1,010 92 02375500 Escambia River near Century, Florida 1934-2008 6,180 2,980 48 4,220 68 Northeast Florida 02231000 St. Mary's River near Macclenny, Florida 1927-2008 643 150 23 792 123 02232400 St. John's River near Cocoa, Florida 1954-2008 1,020 356 35 951 93 02236000 St. John's River near De Land, Florida 1934-2008 3,050 1,320 43 2,850 93 02240000 Ocklawaha River near Conner, Florida 1930-2008 1,040 565 54 601 58 02256500 Fisheating Creek at Palmdale, Florida 1931-2008 255 38.5 15 227 89 02266300 Reedy Creek near Vineland, Florida 1966-2008 45.2 14.5 32 30.1 67 02270500 Arbuckle Creek near De Soto City, Florida 1939-2008 306 89.7 29 193 63 02312000 Withlacoochee River at Trilby, Florida 1928-2008 323 9.57 3 42.6 13 02312200 Little Withlacoochee River at Rerdell, Florida 1958-2008 76.7 0.71 <1 9.89 13 02313000 Withlacoochee River near Holder, Florida 1928-2008 978 159 16 287 29 Southwest Florida 02296750 Peace River at Arcadia, Florida 1932-2008 1,070 184 17 413 38 02298830 Myakka River near Sarasota, Florida 1937-2008 254 48.8 19 133 52 02301500 Alafia River at Lithia, Florida 1933-2008 335 121 36 191 57 02303000 Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills, Florida 1940-2008 240 80.8 34 114 48 02310000 Anclote River near Elfers, Florida 1947-2008 63.3 3.19 5 38.8 61 South Florida 02276877 St. Lucie Canal below S-308 near Port Mayaca, 1931-2008 874 -25.0 -3 (1) (1) Florida 02292900 Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near Olga, Florida 1966-2008 1,620 149 9 1,070 66 02278000 West Palm Beach Canal at S-352 at Canal Point, 1940-2008 168 106 63 0.00 0 Florida 02280500 Hillsboro Canal below S-351 near South Bay, 1957-2008 22.2 133 599 (1) (1) Florida 02283500 North New River Canal below S-2 and S-351 near 1957-2008 115 126 110 7.82 7 South Bay, Florida 02286400 Miami Canal at S-354 and S-3 at Lake Harbor, 1958-2008 81.3 150 184 77.0 95 Florida 2645140- Industrial Canal at Clewiston, Florida 1976-2008 49.4 14.5 29 -19.5 -39 80550700 1Insufficient data available to compute an annual mean discharge.

Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 11

Table 2. Stations reaching record-low monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence.

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Month of Previous Station Period of record-low Year of Station name Discharge record number record discharge in occurrence discharge 2008 Northwest Florida 02313700 Waccasassa River near Gulf 1963-1978;1981-1984; August 20.5 29.1 1991 Hammock, Florida 1985-1992; 1999-2008 02320500 Suwannee River at Branford, Florida 1931-2008 December 1,500 1,600 1991

02322500 Santa Fe River near Fort White, Florida 1928-1930; 1932-2008 October 727 730 1956 November 620 636 2002 02323500 Suwannee River near Wilcox, Florida 1931; 1942-2008 October 2,480 3,010 2003 November 2,110 3,210 2002 December 1,880 2,580 2002 02324000 Steinhatchee River near Cross City, 1950-2008 January 7.66 12.4 2000 Florida February 12.7 13.0 1957 May 4.30 4.45 2001 02324400 Fenholloway River near Foley, Florida 1956-2008 November 0.55 0.70 1969 December 0.55 0.58 2001 June 0.31 0.32 2000 July 0.33 0.36 2000 02325000 Fenholloway River near Perry, Florida 1952-1954; 1965-1984; October 72.1 75.3 2002 1986-2008 May 75.5 77.1 2001 June 74.1 76.1 2001 July 71.0 75.9 2004 02326000 Econfina River near Perry, Florida 1950-2008 October 0.81 6.26 1994 November 0.04 8.18 1969 December 0.00 6.22 1991 January 0.13 9.47 1957 June 3.80 4.80 1955 July 2.39 4.49 1955 02330100 Telogia Creek near Bristol, Florida 1950-1971; 1975-1979; November 46.5 46.9 1991 1981-2008 December 64.0 69.3 1991 02358000 Apalachicola River at Chattahoochee, 1929-2008 October 5,130 5,320 1955 Florida November 4,980 5,520 1932 December 5,980 7,340 2002 02359000 Chipola River near Altha, Florida 1913-2008 November 309 370 1991 02359170 Apalachicola River near Sumatra, 1978-2008 November 5,860 6,480 2002 Florida December 6,520 7,970 2002 June 5,790 6,080 2000 02359500 Econfina Creek near Bennett, Florida 1936-1994; 1999-2008 November 312 323 1956 Northeast Florida 02232000 St. John's River near Melbourne, 1940-2008 April -22.3 0.00 1956 Florida May -46.0 -23.5 2000 02232155 Pennywash Creek near Deer Park, 1995-2008 May 0.02 0.10 2007 Florida 02232500 St. John's River near Christmas, Florida 1934-2008 June 5.43 8.45 2000 02236125 St. John's River at Astor, Florida 1994-2008 December 954 1,140 2001 12 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Table 2. Stations reaching record-low monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence.—Continued

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Month of Previous Station Period of record-low Year of Station name Discharge record number record discharge in occurrence discharge 2008 Northeast Florida—Continued 02243000 Orange Creek at Orange Springs, 1942-1951; 1956-1971; June 2.16 2.31 2000 Florida 1975-2008 02243960 Ocklawaha River at Rodman Dam, near 1969-2008 March 388 421 2001 Orange Springs, Florida 02246025 Black Creek near Doctor's Inlet, Florida 1982-1987; 1995-1997; November 115 131 2007 2001-2008 December 99.2 104 1983 May 27.6 96.8 1982 June 72.2 127 1984 02249500 Crane Creek at Melbourne, Florida 1951-1968; 2003-2008 March 4.98 5.49 1968 02250030 Turkey Creek at Palm Bay, Florida 1981-1983; 1987-2006; May 26.7 30.5 2007 2007-2008 02251000 South Prong St. Sebastian River near 1994-2008 January 28.6 33.8 2001 Sebastian, Florida February 25.2 29.2 2001 May 9.04 23.4 2000 June 7.49 18.4 1998 02253000 Main Canal at Vero Beach, Florida 1949-2008 December 3.64 5.39 1956 January 4.04 15.8 2007 February 4.15 15.2 2007 March 4.11 6.62 2007 May 0.21 1.46 2007 June 0.00 24.4 2000 July 13.6 14.7 1997 September 0.83 27.2 2002 02257000 Fisheating Creek at Lakeport, Florida 1949-1950; 1997-2008 October 73.6 175 2007 November 20.9 47.1 1998 December 17.2 49.0 2007 January 27.9 33.9 2001 02312700 Outlet River at Panacoochee Retreats, 1963-2008 October 20.4 31.6 1964 Florida 02312720 Withlacoochee River at Wysong Dam, 1966-1980; 1982-2008 October 43.5 55.8 2001 at Carlson, Florida Southwest Florida 02270000 Carter Creek near Sebring, Florida 1955-2008 October 6.16 7.41 2007 November 4.67 5.80 2001 December 3.48 5.75 2001 January 3.93 5.35 2001 February 3.31 3.45 2001 May 1.24 1.62 2007 02294650 Peace River at Bartow, Florida 1940-2008 December 5.19 6.67 2001 02295420 Payne Creek near Bowling Green, 1964-2008 December 8.34 8.94 2001 Florida 02298202 Shell Creek near Punta Gorda, Florida 1965-2008 November 41.4 42.2 2001 02303000 Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills, 1940-2008 September 90.2 91.9 1978 Florida Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 13

Table 2. Stations reaching record-low monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence.—Continued

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Month of Previous Station Period of record-low Year of Station name Discharge record number record discharge in occurrence discharge 2008 Southwest Florida—Continued 02306000 Sulphur Springs at Sulphur Springs, 1960-2008 September 26.7 30.4 2006 Florida 02310300 Pithlachascotee River near New Port 1964-2008 December 0.23 0.41 2000 Richey, Florida South Florida 02276877 St. Lucie Canal below S-308 near Port 1931-2008 November -189 -120 1988 Mayaca, Florida December -223 -138 1986 February -55.2 -24.1 1991 02278500 Diversions to Conservation Area at 1958-2008 March -301 -181 2007 S-5A near Loxahatchee, Florida 02281400 Hillsboro Canal near Margate, Florida 1976-2008 January 31.0 47.4 1992 02287497 Northwest Wellfield Canal near Dade 1991-2008 October, 12.7 13.3 2007 Broward Levee, Florida November 10.7 12.2 2007 December 50.3 62.6 2006 January 69.4 81.8 2007 February 62.8 78.9 2005 March 66.2 74.8 2007 02288600 Miami Canal at Northwest 36th Street, 1959-2008 September 54.4 76.6 1987 Miami, Florida 02290766 Levee 31 North Extension at 4 Mile 1994-2008 December 207 241 2007 near West Miami, Florida 02290767 Levee 31 North Extension at 5 Mile 1994-2008 December 196 242 2007 near West Miami, Florida 02290768 Levee 31 North Extension at 7 Mile 1994-2008 December 195 252 2007 near West Miami, Florida 02291524 Spring Creek Headwater near Bonita 1988-2008 October 3.55 4.05 1990 Springs, Florida November 0.50 1.63 1990 December 0.40 1.02 1993 January 0.40 0.71 1997 02291597 South Branch Estero River at Estero, 1988-2008 October 2.34 4.87 1989 Florida 02292900 Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near 1966-2008 November 7.25 17.2 2007 Olga, Florida 02293241 San Carlos Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1987-2008 June 0.00 0.02 2001 02293264 Gator Slough at State Road 765 at Cape 1984-1997; October 15.8 17.2 2007 Coral, Florida 2000-2008 November 0.24 0.43 2005 02293345 Shadroe Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1987-2008 October 0.00 2.56 1989 November 0.00 0.50 1991 02293346 Horseshoe Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1987-2008 October 2.90 4.44 1990 14 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Table 3. Stations reaching record-high monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence.

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Month of Previous Station Period of record-high Year of Station name Discharge record number record discharge occurrence discharge in 2008

Northwest Florida 02326900 St. Marks River near Newport, Florida 1957-1976; 1992-1994; September 1,660 1,560 1957 1996-2008 02328522 Ochlockonee River near Concord, Florida 1999-2008 August 4,630 2,600 2003 02329600 Little River near Midway, Florida 1986-2008 August 1,740 1,620 1994 Northeast Florida 02231000 St. Mary's River near MacClenny, Florida 1927-2008 August 4,490 3,300 1945 02231342 Ft. Drum Creek at Sunshine State Parkway near 1977-2008 August 363 222 1995 Ft. Drum, Florida 02231396 Blue Cypress Creek near Fellsmere, Florida 1969-1970; 1996-2008 August 559 487 2003 02231454 Sixmile Creek near Kenansville, Florida 1995-2008 August 44.1 42.4 2001 02231600 Jane Green Creek near Deer Park, Florida 1954-2008 August 1,530 1,430 1964 02232000 St. John's River near Melbourne, Florida 1940-2008 August 2,910 2,700 2002 02232400 St. John's River near Cocoa, Florida 1954-2008 September 5,410 5,050 1960 02233475 Little at State Highway 1997-2008 August 475 467 2004 434 near Oviedo, Florida 02233500 Econlockhatchee River near Chuluota, Florida 1936-2008 August 1,900 1,440 2003 02234000 St. John's River above near Geneva, 1982-2008 September 8,520 7,420 2004 Florida 02234308 Howell Creek near Altamonte Springs, Florida 1997-2008 August 76.0 72.3 2004 02234324 Howell Creek near Slavia, Florida 1972-1979; 1981-2008 August 147 144 1995 02234384 Soldier Creek near Longwood, Florida 1972-1975; 1987-2008 August 90.6 44.0 2003 September 93.4 80.2 2004 02234400 Gee Creek near Longwood, Florida 1972-1979; 1985-2008 August 113 86.7 2003 02234435 Outlet near Sanford, Florida 1993-2008 September 899 578 2002 02234500 St. John's River near Sanford, Florida 1987-1989; 1995-2008 September 11,400 8,750 2002 02235000 near Sanford, Florida 1936-2008 August 630 592 2003 02235200 Blackwater Creek near Cassia, Florida 1962-1967; 1968-1969; August 236 166 2005 1981-2008 02236000 St. John's River near De Land, Florida 1934-2008 September 12,800 12,100 1960 02236125 St. John's River at Astor, Florida 1994-2008 September 13,600 9,460 2004 02244040 St. John's River at Buffalo Bluff near Satsuma, 1993-2008 September 15,700 13,300 2004 Florida 02245260 Deep Creek at Spuds, Florida 1992-2008 August 345 343 2003 02246025 Black Creek near Doctor's Inlet, Florida 1982-1987; 1995-1997; August 1,920 1,050 1995 2001-2008 02248000 Spruce Creek near Samsula, Florida 1951-2008 August 217 181 1976 02249007 at Heather Glen Circle at Mel- 1991-2008 July 31.5 30.5 2001 bourne, Florida August 83.7 52.5 1995 02249500 Crane Creek at Melbourne, Florida 1951-1968; 2003-2008 August 146 49.0 1966 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 15

Table 3. Stations reaching record-high monthly mean discharge and month(s) of occurrence during the 2008 water year and their previous record and year of occurrence.—Continued

[Discharge values listed in cubic feet per second]

Month of Previous Station Period of record-high Year of Station name Discharge record number record discharge occurrence discharge in 2008

Northeast Florida—Continued 02250030 Turkey Creek at Palm Bay, Florida 1981-1983; 1987-2006; August 874 725 1995 2007-2008 02251000 South Prong St. Sebastian River near Sebastian, 1994-2008 August 378 319 1997 Florida 02251500 North Prong St. Sebastian River near Micco, 1987-2008 August 258 152 1994 Florida 02251767 Fellsmere Canal near Micco, Florida 1992-2008 August 334 211 2003 02252500 North Canal near Vero Beach, Florida 1951-2008 August 168 119 1981 02253500 South Canal near Vero Beach, Florida 1951-2008 July 186 143 1968 August 226 208 1981 02257000 Fisheating Creek at Lakeport, Florida 1949-1950; 1997-2008 August 1,890 1,530 2001

South Florida 02288900 Tamiami Canal Outlets, 40-Mile Bend to Monroe, 1964-2008 September 2,520 2,320 2005 Florida 02291580 North Branch Estero River at Estero, Florida 1987-2008 May 3.28 0.31 2005 02293214 Meade Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1987-2008 April 9.17 5.06 2003 September 36.9 22.9 1995 02293240 Aries Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1990-2008 July 135 127 1999 August 87.2 86.6 2004 02293347 Hermosa Canal at Cape Coral, Florida 1987-2008 September 163 151 2006 16 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

1 ------0.1-0.04 0.1-0.04 0.04-0.02 probability Exceedance Exceedance Date 4/7/1973 9/27/2004 9/13/1973 9/26/2004 7/13/2005 10/24/2005 8.16 39.09 14.41 13.98 15.34 111.31 level level 1929) NGVD NGVD Peak river river Peak (feet above above (feet Date Period-of-record peak discharge 4/7/1973 9/27/2004 9/26/2004 9/26/2004 7/13/2005 11/25/1992 /s) 3 (ft 605 831 1,470 4,050 4,750 Magnitude 2 23,700 1

------<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 probability Exceedance Exceedance Date 8/20/2008 8/21/2008 8/20/2008 8/20/2008 8/25/2008 8/25/2008

9.05 39.88 14.48 15.29 17.39 level level 115.52 1929) NGVD NGVD Peak river river Peak (feet above above (feet Peak of event Date 8/20/2008 8/21/2008 8/20/2008 8/20/2008 8/25/2008 8/25/2008 /s) 3 Peak (ft 762 2,360 1,550 5,530 5,890 discharge 2 54,400 2008 record through 1987-2008 2003-2008 1987-2006; 2007-2008 1992-1994; 1996-2008 Period of 1977-2008 1972-1975; 1951-1968; 1981-1983; 1957-1976; 1999-2008

gaging station Streamflow- near Fort Drum, Florida Longwood, Florida Melbourne, Florida at Palm Bay, Florida near Newport, Florida near Concord, Florida Fort Drum Creek Soldier Creek near Crane Creek at Creek Turkey St. Marks River Ochlockonee River Peak discharges, river levels, and exceedance probabilities compared to period-of-record peak ex ceedance probabilites for sites

USGS station Based on period of record data to 2006. Indicates value is a daily mean. /s, cubic foot per second] number 1 2 3 02231342 02234384 02249500 02250030 02326900 02328522 Table 4. Table Storm Fay. reaching period of record instantaneous peak discharges caused by Tropical [ft Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 17

Suwannee River at Branford, Florida (02320500) Santa Fe River at Worthington Springs, Florida (02321500) 100,000 10,000

MAXIMUM 1,000 MAXIMUM 100 2008 Water Year MEAN 10,000 MEAN 10

1 MINIMUM 2008 Water Year 0.1 MINIMUM 1,000 0.01 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 100,000 4,000

3,000

10,000 2,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

1,000

1,000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 6. Suwannee River at Branford water year 2008 Figure 7. Santa Fe River at Worthington Springs water monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period the period 1932-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for October 1998 to September 2008. the period October 1998 to September 2008.

Steinhatchee River near Cross City, Florida (02324000) Ochlockonee River near Havana, Florida (02329000) 10,000 100,000

MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 1,000 10,000 MEAN MEAN 100 1,000 2008 Water Year 2008 Water Year 10 100 MINIMUM MINIMUM

1 10 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 10,000 10,000

1,000 1,000

100

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

100 10

1 10 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 8. Steinhatchee River near Cross City water year Figure 9. Ochlockonee River near Havana water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1950-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1926-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008. 18 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Chipola River near Altha, Florida (02359000) Shoal River near Crestview, Florida (02369000) 10,000 10,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM

MEAN MEAN 1,000 2008 Water Year 1,000 2008 Water Year

MINIMUM MINIMUM 100 100 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 10,000 10,000

1,000 1,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

100 100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 10. Chipola River near Altha water year 2008 Figure 11. Shoal River near Crestview water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1913-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1938-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008.

Escambia River near Century, Florida (02375500) St. Marys River near MacClenny, Florida (02231000) 100,000 10,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM

10,000 MEAN 1,000 MEAN 2008 Water Year

1,000 100 2008 Water Year MINIMUM

MINIMUM 100 10 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 100,000 10,000

10,000 1,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

1,000 100

100 10 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 12. Escambia River near Century water year Figure 13. St. Mary’s River near MacClenny water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1934-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1927-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 19

St. Johns River near Cocoa, Florida (02232400) St. Johns River near De Land, Florida (02236000) 7,000 18,000 6,000 16,000 14,000 5,000 MAXIMUM 12,000 MAXIMUM 4,000 10,000 2008 3,000 8,000 2008 Water Year Water Year 6,000 2,000 MEAN MEAN 4,000 1,000 2,000 0 MINIMUM 0 MINIMUM -1,000 -2,000 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 7,000 20,000 6,000 10,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 1,000 2,000 1,000 0 -1,000 100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 14. St. John’s River near Cocoa water year 2008 Figure 15. St. John’s River near De Land water year monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1954-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1934-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008.

Ocklawaha River near Conner, Florida (02240000) Fisheating Creek at Palmdale, Florida (02256500) 10,000 4,000

MAXIMUM 3,000 MAXIMUM

2,000 MEAN 2008 1,000 Water 2008 Water Year 1,000 Year MEAN 0 MINIMUM MINIMUM 100 -1,000 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 10,000 2,000

1,500

1,000 1,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 500

0

100 -500 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 16. Ocklawaha River near Conner water year Figure 17. Fisheating Creek at Palmdale water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1930-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008. 20 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Reedy Creek near Vineland, Florida (02266300) Arbuckle Creek near De Soto City, Florida (02270500) 600 10,000 500 MAXIMUM 1,000 400 MAXIMUM MEAN 300 2008 100 200 Water 2008 Water Year Year MEAN 100 10 MINIMUM 0 MINIMUM -100 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 1,000 10,000

100 1,000

10 100

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

1 10

0.1 1 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 18. Reedy Creek near Vineland water year 2008 Figure 19. Arbuckle Creek near De Soto City water year monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1966-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1939-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008.

Withlacoochee River at Trilby, Florida (02312000) Little Withlacoochee River at Rerdell, Florida (02312200) 10,000 1,200 MAXIMUM 1,000 MAXIMUM 1,000 800 MEAN 600 100 400 2008 Water Year

2008 Water Year 200 10 MEAN 0 MINIMUM MINIMUM 1 -200 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 10,000 800

600 1,000 400 100

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 200

10 0

1 -200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 20. Withlacoochee River at Trilby water year Figure 21. Little Withlacoochee River at Rerdell water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1928-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1958-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 21

Withlacoochee River near Holder, Florida (02313000) Peace River at Arcadia, Florida (02296750) 10,000 10,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 1,000 MEAN 1,000 MEAN 2008 Water Year 100 2008 Water Year 100 10 MINIMUM MINIMUM 10 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 10,000 8,000

6,000 1,000

4,000

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

100 2,000

10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 22. Withlacoochee River near Holder water year Figure 23. Peace River at Arcadia water year 2008 monthly 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1932-2008, and 1928-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to October 1998 to September 2008. September 2008.

Myakka River near Sarasota, Florida (02298830) Alafia River at Lithia, Florida (02301500) 2,500 10,000

2,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 1,000 1,500 MEAN

1,000 2008 100 Water Year 2008 Water Year 500 MEAN 10 MINIMUM 0 MINIMUM -500 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 2,500 3,000

2,000 2,500

1,500 2,000

1,000 1,500

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

500 1,000

0 500

-500 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 24. Myakka River near Sarasota water year 2008 Figure 25. Alafia River at Lithia water year 2008 monthly monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1933-2008, and 1937-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to October 1998 to September 2008. September 2008. 22 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills, Florida (02303000) Anclote River near Elfers, Florida (02310000) 10,000 1,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 1,000 100 MEAN

MEAN

100 10 2008 Water Year 2008 Water Year MINIMUM MINIMUM 10 1 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 2,500 1,000

2,000 800 600 1,500 400

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 1,000 200 500 0

0 -200 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 26. Hillsborough River near Zephyrhills water year Figure 27. Anclote River near Elfers water year 2008 monthly 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1947-2008, and 1940-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to October 1998 to September 2008. September 2008.

St. Lucie Canal below S-308 Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near Port Mayaca, Florida (02276877) near Olga, Florida (02292900) 8,000 12,000 10,000 6,000 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 8,000

4,000 6,000 2008 4,000 Water 2,000 MEAN 2008 Water Year Year 2,000 MEAN 0 0 MINIMUM MINIMUM -2,000 -2,000 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 5,000 12,000

4,000 10,000 8,000 3,000 6,000 2,000 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 4,000 1,000 2,000

0 0 -1,000 -2,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 28. St. Lucie Canal below S-308 near Port Mayaca Figure 29. Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near Olga water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1931-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1966-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. the period October 1998 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 23

West Palm Beach Canal at S-352 Hillsboro Canal below S-351 at Canal Point, Florida (02278000) near South Bay, Florida (02280500) 1,500 800 600 MAXIMUM 1,000 MAXIMUM 400 500 MEAN 200 MEAN 0 0 2008 Water Year -200 2008 Water Year -500 MINIMUM -400 MINIMUM -1,000 -600 -1,500 -800 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 1,500 800 600 1,000 400

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 200 500 DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 0 -200 0 -400 -500 -600 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 30. West Palm Beach Canal at S-352 at Canal Point Figure 31. Hillsboro Canal below S-351 near South Bay water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period 1940-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the the period 1957-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for period October 1998 to September 2008. the period October 1998 to September 2008.

North New River Canal below S-2 and S-351 Miami Canal at S-354 and S-3 near South Bay, Florida (02283500) at Lake Harbor, Florida (02286400) 1,600 1,600 1,200 1,200 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 800 MEAN 800 MEAN 400 400 0 0 2008 Water Year -400 2008 Water Year -400 -800 -800 MINIMUM -1,200 -1,200 MINIMUM -1,600 -1,600 -2,000 -2,000 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 1,200 1,200

800 800 400 400 0

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 0 -400

-800 -400

-1,200 -800 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 32. North New River Canal below S-2 and S-351 near Figure 33. Miami Canal at S-354 and S-3 at Lake Harbor South Bay water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared water year 2008 monthly mean discharge compared to the to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for for the period 1957-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period 1958-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period October 1998 to September 2008. the period October 1998 to September 2008. 24 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Industrial Canal at Clewiston, Florida (264514080550700) record-low monthly mean discharges during the year (table 2). 600 For example, Crane Creek at Melbourne (02249500; period of 500 MAXIMUM record from 1951–1963 and 2003–2008) reached a record-low 400 3 300 monthly mean discharge of 4.98 ft /s in March. The previ- ous record there was 5.49 ft3/s in 1968 (table 2). Outlet River 200 2008 MEAN 100 Water Year at Panacoochee Retreats (02312700; period of record from 0 1963 to 2008) reached a new low in October (20.4 ft3/s). The 100 previous record was 31.6 ft3/s set in 1964 (table 2). MINIMUM 200 Higher than normal monthly mean discharges during 300 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept August and September were the direct result of Tropical WATER YEAR Storm Fay moving through this part of Florida from August 19 400 to 22 (Verdi and Holt, 2010). Many streamgages in north- 300 reached record-high monthly mean discharges during August or September, including some with a period 200 of record greater than 70 years. For example, the St. John’s 100

DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND River streamgage near De Land (02236000; period of record 0 from 1934–2008), reached a new record-high monthly mean discharge of 12,800 ft3/s in September (table 3). The previous -100 record was 12,100 ft3/s set in 1960 (table 3). The St. Mary’s -200 River near MacClenny (02231000; period of record from 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR 1927–2008) reached a new record-high monthly mean dis- charge of 4,490 ft3/s in August (table 3). The previous record 3 Figure 34. Industrial Canal at Clewiston water year 2008 was 3,300 ft /s set in 1945 (table 3). monthly mean discharge compared to the maximum, Several stations in northeast Florida recorded minimum, and mean monthly mean discharge for the period instantaneous peak of record, or other notable peak river 1976-2008, and the monthly mean discharge for the period levels and/or discharge as a direct result of Tropical Storm October 1998 to September 2008. Fay. For example, Crane Creek at Melbourne (02249500; period of record from 1951–1968 and 2003–2008) recorded a peak discharge of 1,550 ft3/s on August 20. A discharge event Northeast Florida of this magnitude has an exceedance probability of less than 0.01, indicating the event has less than a one percent chance of Annual mean discharge across northeast Florida var- occurring in any given year (table 4) (Verdi and Holt, 2010). ied from well below normal to above normal during the The gage on Fort Drum Creek near Fort Drum (02231342; 2008 water year, but well above the extremely dry condi- period of record from 1977–2008) recorded a peak discharge tions experienced during the previous water year (table 1). of 2,360 ft3/s on August 20. A discharge event of this magni- For example, the annual discharge at St. John’s River near tude has an exceedance probability of less than 0.01, indicat- De Land (02236000) was 2,850 ft3/s, which is 93 percent 3 ing the event has less than a 1 percent chance of occurring in of the period of record (1934–2008) average of 3,050 ft /s any given year (table 4) (Verdi and Holt, 2010). The Wekiva (table 1). Annual discharge at Withlacoochee River at Trilby 3 River near Sanford (02235000; period of record from 1936– (02312000) was 42.6 ft /s, which is 13 percent of the period 2008) recorded its fourth highest peak discharge of 1,800 ft3/s of record average of 323 ft3/s (table 1). Annual discharge at 3 on August 22. A discharge event of this magnitude has an Reedy Creek near Vineland (02266300) was 30.1 ft /s, which exceedance probability of 0.02, indicating the event size has is 67 percent of the period of record (1966–2008) average of a 2 percent chance of occurring in any given year. The record 45.2 ft3/s (table 1). peak of 2,060 ft3/s at the Wekiva gage was set during the flood Monthly mean discharges averaged well below normal of September 17, 1945 (Verdi and Holt, 2010). during the months from October through July, but were near normal to above normal during August and September. Several streamgages throughout northeast Florida registered record- Southwest Florida low or record-high monthly mean discharges during the year (tables 2 and 3). Many streamgage locations recorded peak- Annual mean discharge across southwest Florida was of-record discharges associated with the rainfall and runoff below the normal for the majority of the 2008 water year from Tropical Storm Fay (table 4). Figures 13–22 show the (table 1), although discharge generally increased with respect 10 representative streams in northeast Florida. to the previous year. The Peace River at Arcadia (02296750) The dry conditions observed from October to July of recorded an annual mean discharge of 413 ft3/s, which is the analysis period were caused by less than normal rainfall 38 percent of the 1932–2008 period of record average of that had persisted throughout the region continuing from the 1,070 ft3/s. The Myakka River near Sarasota (02298830) 2007 water year. Several streamgage locations registered reached an annual discharge of 133 ft3/s, which is 52 percent Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 25 of the 1937–2008 period-of-record average discharge. The causing some streamgages to reach record-low monthly Anclote River near Elfers (02310000) registered an annual mean discharges (table 2). For example, the St. Lucie Canal mean discharge of 38.8 ft3/s which represents 61 percent of the below S-308 near Port Mayaca (02276877; period of record 1947–2008 period-of-record mean, an increase from 5 percent from 1931–2008) reached record-low monthly discharges in in water year 2007. Figures 23–27 show the five representative November (-189 ft3/s), December (-223 ft3/s), and February streams in southwest Florida. (-55.2 ft3/s). The previous records were set in 1988 (-120 ft3/s), Several streamgages reached new monthly minimum 1986 (-138 ft3/s), and 1991 (-24.1 ft3/s), respectively (table 2). mean discharges for the year (table 2). For example, the Peace The Caloosahatchee River at S-79 near Olga (02292900; River at Bartow (02294650) reached a new minimum discharge period of record from 1966–2008) reached a record-low 3 for the month of December of 5.19 ft /s. The previous record monthly discharge of 7.25 ft3/s in November. The previous 3 minimum for the month of December was 6.67 ft /s during the record was 17.2 ft3/s set in 2007 (table 2). The Miami Canal 2001 water year. Another example is the Hillsborough River at Northwest 36th Street in Miami (02288600; period of record near Zephyrhills (02303000) which reached a new minimum 1959–2008) reached a new record-low monthly mean dis- 3 monthly discharge of 90.2 ft /s for September. The previous charge in September (54.4 ft3/s), indicating little to no impact 3 record was 91.9 ft /s during the 1978 water year. from the landfall of Tropical Storm Fay. The previous record The near Brooksville (02310525) was 76.6 ft3/s, set in 1987 (table 2). is used to determine spring flow from , A few streamgages in south Florida reached record- a first order magnitude spring located in western Hernando high monthly mean discharges during the year (table 3). For County. Spring flow is determined from the relationship example, the monthly mean discharge at North Branch Estero between measured discharge and the elevation of a nearby River at Estero (02291580; period of record from 1987–2008) artesian well. The annual mean discharge for the 2008 water reached 3.28 ft3/s in May (table 3). The previous record was year was 137 ft3/s, which was 87 percent of the mean flow, 0.31 ft3/s in 2005 (table 3). Hermosa Canal at Cape Coral 157 ft3/s. Monthly mean discharge stayed well above the mini- mum during the water year. (02293347) reached a period of record (1987–2008) maximum monthly discharge of 163 ft3/s in September. The previous record was 151 ft3/s set in 2006 (table 3). South Florida

The drainage system below Lake Okeechobee in south Lake Elevations Florida is almost completely controlled by locks and dams, thus making the computation and interpretation of statistical Lake-water elevations in Florida averaged below hydrologic information difficult. The St. Lucie Canal below normal throughout the year, even setting period-of-record S-308 and the Caloosahatchee River at S-79 are both gaged low elevations in south (each month from October to March) to monitor the release of water from Lake Okeechobee to the and southwest (each month from October to April) Florida. Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, respectively. The Figures 35–38 show four representative lakes in Florida. streamgages at the West Palm Beach Canal at S-352, Hillsboro Canal below S-351, North New River Canal below S-2 and Northwest Florida S-351, Miami Canal at S-354 and S-3, and Industrial Canal at Clewiston monitor the release of water from Lake Okeechobee Water elevations for Lake Talquin are controlled by the into the Everglades Agricultural Area. C.H. Corn Hydroelec­tric Dam located on the Ochlockonee Annual mean discharge in south Florida varied from well River. The dam also regulates the flow into the Ochlockonee below normal to near normal for the year (table 1). For exam- River near Bloxham. Monthly mean lake levels were very ple, annual discharge at North New River Canal below S-2 stable for the entire water year, ranging from 68.30 ft in Octo- and S-351 near South Bay (02283500) was 7.82 ft3/s, which ber to 68.57 ft in December and April (fig. 35). The maximum is 7 percent of the period of record (1957–2008) average of instantaneous water level at Lake Talquin near Bloxham 115 ft3/s (table 1). Annual discharge at Miami Canal at S-354 (02329900) for the water year was 69.29 ft on February 23. and S-3 at Lake Harbor (02286400) was 77.0 ft3/s, which is The minimum instantaneous water level was 67.32 ft on 95 percent of the period of record (1958–2008) average of August 22. No new extremes were reached during the year. 81.3 ft3/s (table 1). Monthly mean discharges varied throughout the analy- Northeast Florida sis period from below normal to above normal. Several streamgages reached record-low or record-high monthly mean Lake Minnehaha at Clermont (02236840; fig. 36) is a discharges throughout the year (tables 2 and 3). Figures 28–34 long-term station that represents lake levels in the Orlando show the seven representative streams in south Florida. area of northeast Florida. Water levels generally declined from The dry conditions in the area are attributed to below October to June and steadily increased from June to Sep- normal rainfall leading up to and during the analysis period, tember due to the lack of rainfall during the year and runoff 26 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Lake Talquin near Bloxham, Florida (02329900) Lake Minnehaha at Clermont, Florida (02236840) 75 100 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 70 MEAN 95 65 MEAN 2008 Water Year 2008 60 Water Year 90 55 MINIMUM MINIMUM 50 85 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 100

A 69

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

95

68

TER-LEVEL ELEV

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 90

WA

67 85 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 35. Lake Talquin near Bloxham water year 2008 Figure 36. Lake Minnehaha at Clermont water year monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, 2008 monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1930-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period 1947-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period October 1998 to September 2008. October 1998 to September 2008.

Moon Lake in Pasco County, Florida (02310290) Lake Okeechobee, Florida (02276400) 42 22 MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 40 20 MEAN 18 38 16 MEAN

36 2008 Water Year 14 12 2008 Water Year 34 10 MINIMUM MINIMUM 32 8 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept WATER YEAR WATER YEAR 42

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 18

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

A 40 16

38 14

36 TER-LEVEL ELEV 12

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 34 WA 10

32 8 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YEAR YEAR

Figure 37. Moon Lake in Pasco County water year 2008 Figure 38. Lake Okeechobee water year 2008 monthly monthly mean elevation compared to the maximum, mean elevation compared to the maximum, minimum, and minimum, and mean monthly mean elevation for the period mean monthly mean elevation for the period 1912-2008, 1965-2008, and the monthly mean elevation for the period and the monthly mean elevation for the period October October 1998 to September 2008. 1998 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 27 associated with the landfall of Tropical Storm Fay in August. The initial step in the SKTT requires that the Kendall The maximum instantaneous water level recorded during score be computed separately for each month of the period of the year was 94.48 ft on October 21. The minimum instanta- record. A period of 25 years, through water year 2008, was neous water level recorded was 92.45 ft on June 15. No new selected for this report. The separate monthly scores were extremes were reached during the year. summed to obtain the test statistic. The variance of the test sta- tistic was obtained by summing the variances of the Kendall score statistic for each month. In this test, the null hypothesis Southwest Florida is that the time series is of the form zt = μm + et, where et is Moon Lake in Pasco County (02310290) is a long-term white noise error and μm represents the mean for period m. station used to monitor variation in lake levels in the south- The SKTT is advantageous because it is a rank-based west-central Florida region. Lake elevations are determined procedure especially suitable for non-normally distributed from instantaneous readings by USGS personnel and outside data, censored data, data containing outliers, and non-linear trends. The null hypothesis of randomness H states that the observers. Monthly mean elevations for the 2008 water year 0 data (x , .., x ) are a sample of n independent and identically represented new monthly minimum elevations from October 1 n to April. Lake elevations began to increase slightly in June, distributed random variables. Although the trend test statistic Z but remained well below normal for the remainder of the water is not a direct quantification of trend magnitude, it can be used year. A new 1965–2008 period of record minimum elevation as a measure of trend magnitude, or of its significance. of 33.49 ft was observed on June 13 (fig. 37). The previous record minimum was 33.60 ft June 20, 2001. Northwest Florida Groundwater data in northwest Florida are collected South Florida from two wells as part of the Climate Response Network Lake levels in south Florida are mostly represented by the http://groundwa­terwatch.usgs.gov/ that are equipped with data 730-mi2 (square mile) Lake Okeechobee (02276400; fig. 38), recorders that measure 60-minute interval water elevations. The which has been monitored since 1912 and is managed by the daily maximum water-level elevations presented in the online U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Lake Okeechobee monthly mean annual data reports are derived from these measurements. water levels varied within a 1.00-ft range from October to July, Water levels in the Floridan aquifer system at the USGS ranging from 9.40 ft in June to 10.40 ft in April. New minimum observation well 422A near Greenhead (303025085350501; monthly mean lake levels were recorded each month from fig. 39) remained below normal the entire water year. Daily October through March (fig. 38). However, extensive rainfall maximum water levels at the well reached a new period of and runoff in the Valley, and direct rainfall in record (1963–1989 and 1998–2008) low of 44.25 ft on Janu- the lake, associated with the landfall of Tropical Storm Fay in ary 18 and 20. The maximum daily water level recorded was the middle of August recharged lake levels to above 15.00 ft by 52.30 ft on September 5–6. Water levels in the Floridan aqui- the middle of September (fig. 38) (Stewart and Beven, 2009; fer system at the USGS benchmark well near Crawfordville Verdi and Holt, 2010). The maximum instantaneous elevation (300740084293001; fig. 40) varied from below to above nor- during the year was 15.16 ft on September 15–17. The minimum mal during the year. The maximum daily water level recorded instantaneous elevation was 9.25 ft on June 17. was 35.04 ft on August 25, whereas the minimum daily water level was 29.18 ft on June 10. Groundwater Northeast Florida Groundwater levels across the State varied throughout the Groundwater levels in northeast Florida ranged from year from well below normal to above normal. Figures 39–60 below normal to above normal at four of the six representa- show hydrographs from 22 representative wells throughout tive sites, and below normal at the two other representative Florida showing historical water-level summary and observed sites during the year. The USGS DOT-41 observation well at daily maximum water levels (top graph) during the 2008 Inverness (285102082204001; fig. 41), College Street well at water year and historical daily maximum water levels, annual Leesburg (284842081533001; fig. 42), Lake Oliver deep well means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal near Vineland (282202081384601; fig. 43), and OR-47 at Orlo Kendall Trend Test (bottom graph). Vista (283253081283401; fig. 44) all report water levels in the The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test (Kendall, 1938) Upper Floridan aquifer system. Water levels in the DOT-41 is commonly used for hydrologic data analysis (Hirsch and well (fig. 41) were below normal the entire year (minimum Slack, 1984; Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). However, a different water level of 23.54 ft occurred on June 24) with a significant or modified version of the standard test is required to evaluate rise in August and continued increasing water levels to its water water-elevation data in which a significant seasonal compo- year maximum on September 30 (27.83 ft). Water levels in the nent exists. In response to this need, Hirsch and others (1982) College Street well (fig. 42) varied from below normal from developed the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test (SKTT). October to August to above normal in August and September. 28 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

EXPLANATION FOR PLOTS (FIGURES 39 TO 60) OF SUMMARY STATISTICS AND 2008 WATER YEAR DAILY MAXIMUM WATER LEVELS

Daily maximum water level, recorded during 2008 water year

Monthly mean curve of daily maximum water levels collected, during the month displayed, for the January 1975 to September 2008 period.

One standard deviation (above or below) the monthly mean of daily maximum water levels collected, during the month displayed, for the January 1975 to September 2008 period.

EXPLANATION FOR PLOTS (FIGURES 39 TO 60) OF DAILY MAXIMUM WATER LEVELS, ANNUAL MEANS OF DAILY MAXIMUM WATER LEVELS, AND RESULTS OF THE SEASONAL KENDALL TREND TEST

Annual mean of daily maximum water levels collected, during the year displayed, for the October 1983 to September 2008 period, wherein no one month is missing more than 15 days of water level record

Annual mean of daily maximum water levels collected, during the year displayed, for the October 1983 to September 2008 period, wherein one or more months is missing 15 or more days of water level record.

Daily maximum water level. Breaks in line represent missing measurements, or measurements that failed quality assurance review.

SKSE The Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) represents the median slope of the set of slopes obtained by computing the slope, in feet per year, of all unique pairs of monthly mean daily maximum water levels computed for the site shown.

p-value The p-value represents a measure of the significance level of the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test statistic, computed concurrently with the SKSE, used to determine if there is a trend in the data examined. A p-value less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant trend. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 29

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 70

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 65.75 feet, October 1,2, 1979 65

60

55

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 50

45 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 44.25 feet, January 18, 20, 2008

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 40 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 303025085350501 Well 422A near Greenhead, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 70

65

60

55

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 50

45 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.448 foot per year p-value < 0.0001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 40 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 303025085350501 Well 422A near Greenhead, FL

Figure 39. USGS observation well 422A near Greenhead water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 30 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 40

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 36.91 feet, July 31, 1975

35

30

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

25 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 24.42 feet, September 14, 1966

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 20 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 300740084293001 USGS WELL(BENCHMARK)NR CRAWFORDVILLE,FLA.

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 37

36

35

34

33

32

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 31

30

29 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.301 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV p-value < 0.0001

WA 28 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 300740084293001 USGS WELL(BENCHMARK)NR CRAWFORDVILLE,FLA.

Figure 40. USGS benchmark well near Crawfordville water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 31

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 40

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 37.8 feet, October 14, 1982

35

30

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

25

Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 21.7 feet, June 4, 2001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 20 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 285102082204001 DOT-41 Observation Well at Inverness

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 36

34

32

30

28

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 26

24

22 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.110 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV p-value < 0.0001

WA 20 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 285102082204001 DOT-41 Observation Well at Inverness

Figure 41. DOT-41 observation well at Inverness water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 32 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 75

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 70.38 feet, March 2, 1998 70

65

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

60

Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 57.29 feet, May 16, 1981

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 55 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 284842081533001 College Street Well at Leesburg, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 72

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.057 foot per year 70 p-value < 0.0001

68

66

64

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

62

60

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 58 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 284842081533001 College Street Well at Leesburg, FL

Figure 42. College Street well at Leesburg water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 33

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 115

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 112.73 feet, September 13, 1960

110

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 105

Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 103.48 feet, May 19, 2001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 100 ON D J FM AM JJ AS 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 282202081384601 LAKE OLIVER DEEP WELL NEAR VINELAND, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 115

110

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 105

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.035 foot per year p-value = 0.0001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 100 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 282202081384601 LAKE OLIVER DEEP WELL NEAR VINELAND, FL

Figure 43. Lake Oliver deep well near Vineland water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 34 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 90

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 80.78 feet, March 20, 1960 80

70

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 60

A

50 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 48.32 feet, May 24, 2001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 40 ON D J FM AM JJ AS 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 283253081283401 OR-47 AT ORLO VISTA, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 70

65

60

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 55

A

50 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE): No statistically significant trend detected in data collected since Jan. 1, 1975.

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 45 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 283253081283401 OR-47 AT ORLO VISTA, FL

Figure 44. OR-47 at Orlo Vista water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 35

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 106 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 105.45 feet, September 26, 2004

104

102

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

100

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 98.61 feet, June 5, 2001

WA 98 ON D J FM AM JJ AS 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 274812081190301 P-49 WELL NEAR FROSTPROOF, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 106

104

102

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

100

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.006 foot per year p-value = 0.056

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 98 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 274812081190301 P-49 WELL NEAR FROSTPROOF, FL

Figure 45. P-49 well near Frostproof water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 36 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 62

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 60.71 feet, August 30, 2006 60

58

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 56

A

54 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 53.49 feet, June 27, 1956

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 52 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 270157081203101, H-15A

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 62

60

58

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

56

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE): No statistically significant trend

TER-LEVEL ELEV detected in data collected since Jan. 1, 1975.

WA 54 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 270157081203101, H-15A

Figure 46. USGS observation well H-15A near Palmdale water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 37

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 100 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 98.51 feet, March 21, 1998

90

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 80

Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 72.76 feet, June 7, 2000

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 70 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 281715082164401 State Highway 577 Well near San Antonio, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 100

90

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 80

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.124 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV p-value < 0.0001

WA 70 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 281715082164401 State Highway 577 Well near San Antonio, FL

Figure 47. State Highway 577 well near San Antonio water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 38 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 25 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 23.91 feet, August 27, 28, 1984

20

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 15

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 10.96 feet, July 14, 2007

WA 10 ON D J FM AM JJ AS 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 283201082315601 Weeki Wachee Well near Weeki Wachee, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 25

20

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 15

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.093 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV p-value < 0.0001

WA 10 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 283201082315601 Weeki Wachee Well near Weeki Wachee, FL

Figure 48. Weeki Wachee well near Weeki Wachee water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 39

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 115

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 111.97 feet, November 2, 7, 2005 110

105

100

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 95

90 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 87.82 feet, June 3, 2000

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 85 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 275411081372001 ROMP 57 Floridan Well near Lake Wales, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 115

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.187 foot per year p-value < 0.0001 110

105

100

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 95

90

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 85 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 275411081372001 ROMP 57 Floridan Well near Lake Wales, FL

Figure 49. ROMP 57 Floridan well near Lake Wales water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 40 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 30 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 29.42 feet, September 30, 2004

25

20

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

15

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 10.87 feet, May 19, 1981

WA 10 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 275627082150801 Turner Well near Brandon, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 30

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.041 foot per year p-value = 0.0045

25

20

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

15

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 10 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 275627082150801 Turner Well near Brandon, FL

Figure 50. Turner well near Brandon water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 41

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 35

30 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 29.30 feet, August 20, 1978 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 A -10 -15 -20 -25

TER-LEVEL ELEV -30 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -29.95 feet, May 20, 2000

WA -35 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 272838082142201 Kibler Deep Well 26B near Bethany, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 35 30

25 20 15 10 5 0 -5

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 A -10 -15 -20 -25 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.412 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV -30 p-value < 0.0001

WA -35 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 272838082142201 Kibler Deep Well 26B near Bethany, FL

Figure 51. Kibler deep well 26B near Bethany water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 42 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 40 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 38.76 feet, March 7, 1931

30

20

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

10

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 0.31 feet, June 7, 2000

WA 0 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 271938082251801 Sarasota Well 9 near Sarasota, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 35

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.131 foot per year 30 p-value < 0.0001

25

20

15

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

10

5

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 271938082251801 Sarasota Well 9 near Sarasota, FL

Figure 52. Sarasota well 9 near Sarasota water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 43

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 60 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 55.24 feet, March 5, 1964

50

40

30

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 20

10 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 8.96 feet, June 7, 2000

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 0 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 272012081482501 Marshall Deep Well near Gardner, FL

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 60

50

40

30

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 20

10 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.054 foot per year p-value = 0.0156

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 272012081482501 Marshall Deep Well near Gardner, FL

Figure 53. Marshall deep well near Gardner water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 44 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 10 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 9.81 feet, August 26, 2005

8

6

4

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 2

0 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -1.64 feet, May 20, 1971

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -2 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 253029080295601, S–196A

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 10

8

6

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 4

A

2

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.023 foot per year

TER-LEVEL ELEV p-value < 0.0001

WA 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 253029080295601, S–196A

Figure 54. USGS observation well S-196A near Homestead water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 45

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 19 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 18.67 feet, Sept. 27, 28, 2004

18

17

16

15

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

14

13 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 12.80 feet, March 15, 2007

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 12 ON D J FM AM JJ AS 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263524080124301, PB–683

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 19

18

17

16

15

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

14

13 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = 0.009 foot per year p-value = 0.2576

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 12 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263524080124301, PB–683

Figure 55. USGS observation well PB-683 near West Palm Beach water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 46 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 9 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 8.52 feet, August 24, 1995 8

7

6

5

4

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 3

2

1 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = 0.95 foot, May 14-15, 1975

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 0 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 260111081243901, C– 496

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 9 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = approximately 0.019 foot per year p-value < 0.0001 8

7

6

5

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 4

3

2

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA 1 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 260111081243901, C–496

Figure 56. USGS observation well C-496 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 47

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 16

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 13.42 feet, September 3, 1983 12

8

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 4

A

0

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -2.50 feet, January 5, 1991

WA -4 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 261957081432201, L–2194

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 16

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.097 foot per year p-value < 0.0001 12

8

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929 4

A

0

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -4 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 261957081432201, L–2194

Figure 57. USGS observation well L-2194 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 48 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 28

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 25.46 feet, October 1-2, 1979 24

20

16

12

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 8

4

0

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -2.67 feet, April 2, 2007

WA -4 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263335081394301, L–729

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 24

20

16

12

8

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

4

Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.265 foot per year 0 p-value < 0.0001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -4 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263335081394301, L–729

Figure 58. USGS observation well L-729 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 49

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 30

Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 26.18 feet, November 13, 1975 25

20

15

10

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A

5

0 Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -1.87 feet, June 12, 2007

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -5 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263251081452801, L–1993

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 25

20

15

10

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A 5

0 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -0.689 foot per year p-value < 0.0001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -5 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263251081452801, L–1993

Figure 59. USGS observation well L-1993 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. 50 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Historical water-level summary and observed daily maximum water levels, 2008 water year 30 Highest Daily Maximum Water Level = 25.35 feet, September 11, 1983 20

10

0

-10

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A -20

-30

-40

TER-LEVEL ELEV Lowest Daily Maximum Water Level = -46.5 feet, January 14, 2008

WA -50 O ND JF MA MJ JA S 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263526082010201, L–2434

Historical daily maximum water levels, annual means of daily maximum water levels, and results of Seasonal Kendall Trend Test 30

20

10

0

-10

TION, IN FEET ABOVE NGVD 1929

A -20

-30

-40 Seasonal Kendall Slope Estimator (SKSE) = -1.704 feet per year p-value < 0.0001

TER-LEVEL ELEV

WA -50 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 WATER YEAR USGS 263526082010201, L–2434

Figure 60. USGS observation well L-2434 water year 2008 daily maximum water level compared to historical water levels for the period October 1983 to September 2008, and the Seasonal Kendall Trend Test for the period October 1983 to September 2008. Hydrologic Conditions in Florida 51

The minimum daily water level for the year was recorded and were the result of rising groundwater levels in the June 7 (60.30 ft). The maximum daily water level was aquifer due to the rainfall associated with Tropical Storm recorded September 2 (66.77 ft). Water levels at the Lake Fay in August. Oliver well (fig. 43) remained below normal throughout the Water levels at the remaining five wells—State High- entire year. The minimum daily level was recorded on June 18 way 577 well near San Antonio (281715082164401; fig. 47), (105.22 ft) and a maximum daily water level was recorded Turner well near Brandon (275627082150801; fig. 50), on September 1 (107.54 ft). Water-levels at the OR-47 well Kibler deep well 26B near Bethany (272838082142201; (fig. 44) averaged below normal from October to August, and fig. 51), Sarasota well 9 near Sarasota (271938082251801; were at a minimum on June 8–9 (51.39 ft). A significant rise fig. 52), and Marshall deep well near Gardner in water levels in August brought levels to about normal for (272012081482501; fig. 53) all reported water levels below the remainder of the year. The maximum daily water level normal to about normal for each well. The State Highway was recorded on September 1 (61.77 ft). 577 well (fig. 47) averaged below normal water levels from Two representative wells, P-49 well near Frostproof October through March and from late May through Septem- (274812081190301; fig. 45) and H-15A well near Palmdale ber. Water levels throughout April and early to mid-May (270157081203101; fig. 46), each reporting water levels in the were near normal. The minimum daily water level recorded during the year was on January 4 (79.89 ft). The maximum surficial aquifer system (nonartesian sand aquifer), recorded daily water level recorded during the year was on April 21 water levels below normal to above normal. Water levels in (86.24 ft). Turner well (fig. 50) water levels varied from well P-49 (fig. 45) generally trended downward from about below normal from October through February to about normal conditions in October and November to a minimum normal the remainder of the year. The maximum water level of 98.83 ft on June 20, and then increased significantly to an recorded occurred on September 1 (18.88 ft). The minimum annual maximum on August 19 of 104.85 ft, which is about daily recorded water level was on June 10–11 (14.20 ft). normal. Well H-15A (fig. 46) water levels were below normal Kibler deep well (fig 51) reported below to about normal from October to February, and then steadily trended upward levels during the year, with the minimum occurring in May 4 to about normal conditions in April before declining to its (-1.09 ft). The maximum water level during the year was minimum on June 9 (55.21 ft). Water levels then rose to above recorded on September 2 (22.15 ft) (fig. 51). Sarasota well 9 normal conditions during the remainder of the year with the (fig. 52) averaged below normal levels most of the year, but maximum occurring on August 19 (60.05 ft). recorded near normal levels throughout periods in April and The significant rise in groundwater levels reported August through September. The minimum daily water level throughout northeast Florida during August and September was on May 17 (6.17 ft). The maximum water level recorded was caused by the rainfall associated with the landfall of during 2008 was on September 1 (25.05 ft). Marshall deep Tropical Storm Fay moving through the area August 19–22 well (fig. 53) averaged near normal all year. The minimum (Verdi and Holt, 2010). daily water level was on May 18 (31.26 ft). The maximum water level recorded was on September 13–15 (47.01 ft). Southwest Florida South Florida Groundwater levels in representative wells in southwest Florida are monitored in the Floridan aquifer system and Groundwater levels across south Florida varied ranged from below normal to above normal during the 2008 from slightly above normal to below normal, even setting water year. Water levels in wells in the area were at their new period of record lowest daily maximums at one site annual maximums in late August or early September, follow- (figs. 54–60). Water levels at USGS observation well S-196A ing the minimum levels in May or June. However, the State near Homestead (253029080295601; fig. 54) are monitored Highway 577 well near San Antonio (281715082164401; in the Biscayne limestone aquifer and were about normal dur- fig. 47) reached its minimum in January and maximum in ing the 2008 water year. The minimum daily water level was April. 2.39 ft on May 24. The maximum daily water level during The well reporting the most daily values below normal the year was 5.73 ft on October 1. Water levels in the surfi- levels was the Weeki Wachee well near Weeki Wachee cial aquifer system are monitored in USGS observation well (283201082315601; fig. 48), which remained below normal PB-683 near West Palm Beach (263524080124301; fig. 55). the entire year. The minimum daily maximum was recorded The minimum daily water level was below normal at 15.46 ft June 12 (11.41 ft). The maximum daily water level occurred on June 10. The maximum daily water level was 18.26 ft on September 8 (15.74 ft). August 20–21. Well C-496 (260111081243901; fig. 56), which ROMP 57 Floridan well near Lake Wales monitors water levels in the nonartesian sand aquifer of the (275411081372001; fig. 49) reported water levels varying surficial aquifer system, reported levels from below normal to from below normal to above normal. The minimum daily near normal throughout the year. The minimum daily water water level at the well occurred on May 17 (93.34 ft). Maxi- level was 2.25 ft on June 1–2. The maximum daily water level mum daily water levels occurred on September 2 (109.44 ft), was 7.90 ft on September 10–11. 52 Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008

Water levels in the Tamiami Formation were monitored Selected References by four representative wells that recorded below normal to near normal levels during the year. USGS observa- tion wells L-2194 (261957081432201; fig. 57), well L-729 Hayes, M.J., 2008, National Drought Mitigation Center, What is (263335081394301; fig. 58), well L-1993 (263251081452801; Drought? Drought Indices: Web-based article accessed August fig. 59), and well L-2434 (263526082010201; fig. 60) monitor 18, 2008, at http://drought.unl.edu/whatis/indicies.htm. water levels in various parts of the intermediate aquifer system Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Statistical methods in in south Florida. Well L-2194 (fig. 57) monitors water levels water resources: Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishers, 529 p. in the Tamiami Formation and recorded below normal to near normal levels during the year. The minimum daily water level Hirsch, R.M., and Slack, J.R., 1984, A nonparametric trend was -1.12 ft on May 29. The maximum daily water level was test for seasonal data with serial dependence: Water 12.31 ft on September 13. Water levels in L-729 (fig. 58), Resources Research no. 20, p. 727–732. which records water levels in the sandstone aquifer, ranged Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., and Smith, R.A., 1982, Techniques from below normal to near normal throughout the year. The of trend analysis for monthly water quality data: Water minimum daily maximum level was 2.70 ft on February 11. Resources Research no. 18, p. 107–121. The maximum daily level of 21.88 ft was recorded on Sep- tember 30. Well L-1993 (fig. 59), which records water levels Kendall, M.G., 1938, A new measure of rank correlation: in the Hawthorn limestone aquifer, were below normal the Biometrika no. 30, p. 81–93. entire water year. The minimum daily maximum water level was 1.69 ft on June 16. The highest daily water level of 7.26 ft McBride, G., 2000, Anomalies and remedies in nonparamet- was recorded on September 30. Water levels in the limestone ric Seasonal Kendall trend tests and estimates: Hamilton, aquifer in well L-2434 (fig. 60) were below normal during the New Zealand, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric year, reaching a period-of-record lowest daily water level of Research, March 2000. -46.50 ft on January 14. Levels spiked to near normal condi- National Drought Mitigation Center, 2008, U.S. Drought tions for a brief period in June, July, and September, recording Monitor, Florida: University of Nebraska Lincoln, its maximum water level of 0.60 ft on September 30. accessed January and June 2008 http://drought.unl.edu/dm. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service, 2008 Precipitation analysis: Summary accessed March 2009 at http://water.weather.gov/precip/

This report describes hydrologic conditions for the Stewart, S.R. and Beven II, J.L., 2009, Tropical Cyclone State of Florida during the 2008 water year, including data Report: Tropical Storm Fay, National Hurricane Center, analyses for precipitation, surface-water flow, lake eleva- accessed February 11, 2009, at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ tions, and groundwater levels. Many streams in Florida pdf/TCR-AL062008_Fay.pdf. recorded their record-low monthly mean discharge during the year for their periods of record, caused by a continua- Verdi, R.J., and Holt, S.L., 2010, Floods in Florida due to tion of ongoing drought conditions throughout the State. For Tropical Storm Fay, August 15 through September 26, 2008: example, the Santa Fe River near Fort White, a station con- U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1142. tinuously monitored from 1927 to 1930 and 1932 to 2008, registered record-low monthly discharges in October and November. Several streams in Florida recorded their record- high monthly mean discharge during the year for their peri- ods of record, caused by the landfall of Tropical Storm Fay. For example, the St. Marys River near MacClenny, a station continuously monitored since 1927, registered record-high monthly discharges in August. Lake Okeechobee, a lake monitored since 1912, reached its record-low monthly mean levels each month from October to March. Some wells across the State in various aquifers reached record-low daily maximum water levels. Well L-2434 in south Florida, which monitors the limestone aquifer, recorded its record-lowest daily maximum of -46.50 ft on January 14.

Verdi, R.J., Holt, S.L., Irvin, R.B., and Fulcher, D.L.— Hydrologic Conditions in Florida during Water Year 2008 —USGS/SIR 2010-5115

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