Index

A Anti-EJ, 213, 214, 216 , 139 Anti-Ferc, 217 Acquired ichthyosis, 53, 126, 127, 159 Antigliadin antibodies, 336 Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), 79, 81 Antihistamines, 324 Adenocarcinoma, 115, 116, 151, 173 Anti-histidyl-tRNA-synthetase antibody Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 229 (Anti-Jo-1), 6, 14, 140, 166, 183, Adhesion molecules, 225–226 213–216 Adrenal gland carcinoma, 115 Anti-histone antibodies (AHA), 174, 217 Age, 30–32, 157–159 Anti-Jo-1 antibody syndrome, 34, 129 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALAT), 16, Anti-Ki-67 antibody, 247 128, 205, 207, 255 Anti-KJ antibodies, 216–217 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase, 216 Anti-KS, 82 Aldolase, 14, 16, 128, 129, 205, 207, 255, 257 Anti-Ku antibodies, 163, 165, 217 Aledronate, 325 Anti-Mas, 217 Algorithm, 256, 259 Anti-Mi-2 Allergic contact dermatitis, 261 antibody syndrome, 11, 129, 215 Alopecia, 62, 199, 290 antibodies, 6, 15, 129, 142, 212 Aluminum hydroxide, 325, 326 Anti-Myo 22/25 antibodies, 217 Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins, 190 Anti-Myosin scintigraphy, 230 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, 151, 166, 182, Antineoplastic agents, 172 212, 215 Antineoplastic medicines, 169 Aminoquinolone antimalarials, 309–310, 323 Antinuclear antibody (ANA), 1, 141, 152, 171, Amyloid, 188–190 172, 174, 213, 217 Amyopathic DM, 6, 9, 29–30, 32–33, 36, 104, Anti-OJ, 213–214, 216 116, 117, 147–153 Anti-p155, 214–215 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 263 Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 127, Antisynthetase syndrome, 11, 33–34, 81 130, 219 Anaphylaxi, 316 Anti-PL-7 antibody, 82, 214 Anasarca, 52, 137 Anti-PM-Scl antibodies, 33, 163–165, 216 Angioedema, 195 Anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies, 166, 217 Angiokeratoma, 139 Anti-signal recognition particle (Anti-SRP), Animal models, 285–290 213–215, 218 Annexin XI, 214 antibodies, 74, 184 Anorexia, 136, 137 syndrome, 11, 130, 183, 215 Anti ADAM 10, 82 Anti-7SL RNA antibodies, 184 Anti-CADM-140 antibodies, 214 Anti-SS-A antibodies, 217 Anticardiolipin (aCl) antibodies, 219 Anti-SS-B antibodies, 217 Anticytokines, 316–318 Antisynthetase autoantibodies, 82–83

345 346 Index

Antisynthetase syndrome, 6, 49, 151, 166, Canine , 289, 290 182, 213–216, 277 Capillary microscopy, 137 Anti-TNF therapy, 316 Carbonic anhydrase, 16 Anti-U1RNP antibodies, 163, 216, 219 isoenzyme III, 208 Anti-U2RNP antibodies, 163, 216 Carcinoid , 200 Apolipoprotein E gene, 190 Carcinoma, 112, 115–117 Apoptosis, 172, 234, 244–245, 286, 288 Cardiac arrhythmia, 193–194 Apoptotic keratinocytes, 235 Cardiac murmurs, 141 Arthralgias, 14, 66, 69, 127, 128 Cardiac transplantation, 193–194 Arthritis, 14, 66, 69–70, 127, 128, 140, Cardiomyopathy, 184 150–151, 215 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 182 Arthropathy, 69 Caspase-3, 245 Asparginyl-tRNA synthetase, 82, 214, 216 C5b-9 MAC, 286 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, ASAT), 16, C3bNEO, 315, 316 128, 205, 207, 255 CD40, 245, 247 Aspiration, 90, 256 CD59, 279, 280 , 83–84, 128 CD20+ B cells, 244, 245, 287 Asymmetrical painless weakness, 188 CD59 glycolipid anchor, 280 Atopic dermatitis, 261 CD45 RO+ Atorvastatin, 170–171 , 247 Atrophicans vasculare, 262 memory T cells, 244 Atrophic erythema, 172 CD3+ T cells, 247, 248, 287 , 45–46, 66–67, 243–246 CD4+ T cells, 196, 244, 247 Autologous stem cell transplant, 333 CD8+ T cells, 142, 227, 244, 245 Axonal neuropathy, 318 Celiac disease, 336 Azathioprine, 85, 303–305, 307, 308, 319 Cell-mediated immunity, 140, 248, 286 Cellulite-like massive mucinosis, 53 B Centripetal linear/flagellate erythema Banker variant, 137 (Zebra-like DM), 21, 47 Basal membrane zone, 247 Chemokines, 247–248, 280 Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 226 Childhood scleromyositis, 164 B-cell lymphoma, 172 Chlorambucil, 303, 308, 319 Beta-amyloid, 189–190 Chloroquine, 309 precursor protein, 190 Chondrodermatitis nodularis Bleomycin, 47 helices, 126, 127 Borrelia burgdorferi, 181, 184, 272, 285 “Classic” dermatomyositis in adults, 82, 305, Breast implants, 270 306, 332, 341, 342 Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Climate, 34, 269, 270 (BOOP), 79–81, 85 Colchicine, 325, 326 Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), 83 Colloidal bodies, 173, 247 Brunsting-Perry type, 137 Common reactivity pattern, 174 Bullous lesions, 18, 21, 51, 159 Community-acquired pneumonia, 85 Bullous pemphigoid, 51, 126 Complement, 245–247 Computed tomography (CT), 79, 81, 85 C Congestive heart failure, 73 CA 125, 256 Conjunctival , 93 Calcification, 62, 107, 108, 325–327 Connective tissue diseases (CTD), 163 Calcineurin, 317 Contracture, 67 Calcinosis, 5, 17–18, 20, 22, 44, 51–52, 107, Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, 230 108, 135, 137–141, 182 Corticosteroids, 97–98 universalis, 107, 108, 150, 326 Corticosteroid-sparing agent, 302 Calcium channel blockers, 324, 326 Coxsackie B virus, 181, 270, 272 Calcium phosphate, 108 Crackling rales, 80 Callosity feet, 47, 50 C-reactive protein, 14, 23, 158–159, 225–226 Cancer, 111–118 Creatine, 205–207, 225, 227, 229 Index 347

Creatin kinase (CK) 16, 67, 157, 205 Dermatomyositis sine , 6, 9, 147–148, CK/AST ratio, 208 152, 172 CK isoenzymes, 205 γ-DNA polymerase, 174 CK-MB, 205–208 DNA synthesis, 173 CKMB/total CK ratio, 227 Doppler, 230 CK-MM, 205 Double immunodiffusion method, 214 Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, 82 d-penicillamine, 165, 169–170, 181 CTGF growth factors, 200 Drug-induced amyopathic DM, 152 Cutaneous assessment tool, 22 Drug-induced dermatomyositis (DI-DM), 10, Cutaneous atrophy, 172 11, 116, 117, 169 Cutaneous biopsy, 195, 226 Drug-induced eosinophilic , 196 Cutaneous disease indexes, 22 Drug-induced polymyositis, 172 Cutaneous lesions, 43, 47, 49–50, 53 DSSI. See Dermatomyositis skin severity Cutaneous mucinosis, 125 index Cutaneous necrosis, 21, 53, 157–158 Duodenal perforation, 90 Cutaneous photosensitivity, 22 Dyschromatopsia, 94 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis , 62–63, 65–67, 89–90, 128, 140, fungoides), 262 256, 336 Cutaneous ulcers, 137 Dysphasia, 21 Cutaneous , 18, 20, 44, 50, 125, 128 Dysphonia, 66, 89 Cuticular hypertophy, 19, 47 Dyspnea, 139, 140, 151 Cyclophosphamide, 117, 152, 170–173, 303, Dystrophic calcification, 107, 108, 150 306–307, 314, 318, 319, 325 Dystrophin, 196 Cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary disease, 83 E Cyclosporin-associated encephalopathy, 102 Eculizumab, 318 Cyclosporine A, 303–306, 316, 318 Edema, 136, 137 Cysticerca, 181 Edema Quincke, 45 Cytochrome oxidase, 244 Edematous gingivitis, 61–62 -encoding genes, 305 Electrocardiogarphic abnormalities, 141 receptors, 227 (EMG), 16, 101, 135, 136, , 197, 248 147–148, 152, 227, 255 Elschnig’s spots, 93 D Emollients, 324 Dapsone, 318–319 Encephalopathy, 102 Decreased intestinal motility, 89 Endomysial , 182 Degos disease, 126 Endomysium, 189, 195 Deposits of membrane attack complex, 22 Eosinophilia, 195–196, 263–264 Dermatitis herpetiformis, 51, 126 Eosinophilia- syndrome, 196, Dermatomyositis-like eruption, 152, 172 199–200, 264 Dermatomyositis skin severity index Eosinophilic cationic protein, 196 (DSSI), 22 fasciitis, 195–196, 199–200 Dermatosclerosis, 53 inclusions, 189 Diabetes mellitus, 139 myositis/ (EM/P), 10–11, 195 Diclofenac, 170–171 Eosinophilic polymyositis, 196–197 Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 79–81, 85 Epidermal necrosis, 18, 21 Diffuse alveolitis, 80 Epimysium, 195 Diffusion capacity, 81 Epstein-Barr virus, 173 Diltiazem, 324–326 Erosions, 46, 51, 53, 61–62 Diphosphonates, 325 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 14, Diplopia, 93, 193 23, 225 Distal dysphagia, 89 Erythroderma, 18, 21, 44, 46, 49, 125 Distal weakness, 189 Erythrodermic dermatomyositis, 21 Dermatomyositis in childhood, 159 Eschares, 20, 47, 50 Dermatomyositis like syndrome c, 171 E-selectin, 225–226, 281 348 Index

Esophageal dysmotility, 89–90 Glycoaminoglycans, 200 gastric reflux, 140 Glycyl-tRNA synthetase, 216 hypomotility, 163, 165 Gottron’s papules, 10, 13–15, 18–19, 44, 47, motility, 67 136, 149, 164, 166, 172, 247–248 reflux, 89–90 Gottron’s sign, 14–15, 18–19, 44, 47, 125, Etanercept, 316, 317 137, 149–150, 152, 172 Ethnic distribution, 30, 32 Gower’s sign, 66 Etoposide, 152, 172–173 Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 262 Excoriations, 51 reaction, 246 Exfoliative dermatitis, 46, 319 Granulomatous eosinophilic polymyositis, 196 Exophthalmus, 193 myositis, 10–11 Extracorporeal photochemotherapy, 332 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 263 Extraocular muscles, 193–194 Ezitimibine, 171 H Haemophilus influenzae, 285 F Handheld myometer, 231 Facial-fold erythema, 45 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 165 Factor VIII-related , 23, 225 Helicase protein complex, 212 Familial dermatomyositis, 32 Heliotrope eruption, 10 Fasciitis, 53 Heliotrope eyelid eruption, 261 Fatigue, 151 rash, 13–15, 18, 43–44, 46, 52, 125, 130 Ferritin, 81, 183 Hemolytic anemia, 131 Fetal , 104 Hemophagocytic syndrome, 127, 129 Fetal loss, 104, 105 Hemorrhagic infarcts, 19 Fetal microchimerism, 214, 289 Hepatitis B virus, 181 Fetal mortality, 103 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 116, 117, , 135–137 141, 158, 159 Fibrates, 171–172 HEp-2 cells, 213, 217 , 66, 151, 270 Herbal supplement, 174 Fibrosis, 73–74 Hereditary inclusion body myopathy, 188 Flagellate erythema, 47, 125 High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins Fludarabine, 308 (IVIG), 297, 306, 307, 314–316 Fluvastatin, 171 High-frequency ultrasound, 135, 230 Focal nodular myositis, 11 High-resolution computed tomography Follicular atrophy, 290 (HRCT), 81, 85 Follicular (Type wong), 21, 44, Hirsutism, 139 47–49 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, 181, 183, 213, 216, Functional index of myositis, 16, 231 272, 290 See also Jo-1 Fusion protein, 317 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 171–172 Hodgkin disease, 115 G Holter-ECG, 73 Gamma carboxyglutamate, 227 Holster sign, 44, 47 Gamma carboxyglutamic acid, 108 Hoarse voice, 21, 63 Gastric cancer, 159 (HLA) 105, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 90 164–165, 289 ulcerations, 140 genes, 32, 34 Gender, 30–31 genotypes, 164 Generalized edema, 52 Humoral immunity, 140 Geographic location, 32, 34 Hydrocortisone, 298 myocarditis, 193–194 Hydrotherapy, 334 Gingival telangiectases, 21, 62, 138 Hydroxychloroquine, 139, 148, 304, 309, 319 Glomerulonephritis, 165–166 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan, 199 Glucosaminglycans, 246 Hydroxyurea, 117, 152, 170, 172–173 Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, 319 Hyperkeratosis, 246, 248 Index 349

Hyperkeratotic follicular papules, 159 Intermuscular calcifications, 107 rhagadiform hand symptom, 182 Interstitial lung disease (ILD), 79–85, Hyperlipidemia, 171 182–183, 215 Hyperpigmentation, 43, 45 Interstitial lung fibrosis, 50 syndrome, 319 Interstitial pneumonia, 49, 51, 79–83, Hyperthyroidism, 263 150–151, 153 Hypertrichosis, 53, 139 Interstitial pneumonitis, 82, 151 Hypertriglyceridemia, 138, 139 Intracellular filament inclusions, 189 Hypocalcemia, 262 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 131, Hypokalemia, 262 297, 306, 307, 314–316 Hypomyopathic DM, 147 Ionizing radiation, 332 Hypoparathyroidism, 263 Iritis, 93 Hypophosphatemia, 262 Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, 216, See also Hypopigmentation, 290 anti OJ Hypothyroidism, 263 Isometric muscle strength, 335 Hypoxemia, 81–82, 151 Isoniazid, 174 IVIG. See Intravenous immunoglobulin I Iatrogenic immunosuppression, 288 J Ibuprofen, 170 Jo-1 antibodies, 81, 182–183, 304 Idiopathic eosinophilic myositis, 195 antibody syndrome, 182 Idiopathic inflammatory (IIMS), antigen, 181, 213 1, 9–10, 79 Joint contractures, 70, 107, 140, 341 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 79–80, 84 Juvenile amyopathic dermatomyositis, 70 IL-4, 200 , 6, 30–36, 116, 117, Immune complex deposit, 286 135–142, 278–281, 342, 343 Immunofluorescent microscopy, 261 Juvenile-onset amyopathic dermatomyositis, Immunohistochemistry, 235 150–151, 153 Immunosuppressive agents, 70, 297, 300, 303, 317 K drugs, 302, 308 140 kDa autoantigen, 153 medication, 297 155 kDa autoantigen, 153 therapy, 83, 327 56-kD nuclear antigen, 214 (IBM), 9–11, 116, 155-kD protein, 214 117, 187, 307 140-kD proteins, 151 INF-γ, 280 Keining’s sign, 19, 47 Inflammatory edema, 334 Keratinocyte apoptosis, 288 Inflammatory myopathies, 14–15, 65, 111, KL-6, 225–226 114, 187–188, 193, 270, 272 Koebner’s phenomenon, 21 Inflammatory orbital myopathy, 194 Infliximab, 173–174, 316–317 L Influenza, 181, 184 La-antibodies, 166 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 16, 128, 129, 205 83, 281 Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, 263 expression, 315 Latitude, 35, 269 Interferon, 53 Legionella pneumophila, 181 Interferon alpha, 170, 174 Lethargy, 136 Interferon-inducible genes, 34, 278 Leucovorin, 303 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), 53, 174, 200, 244 Leukocyte activation markers, 227 IL-1b, 280 Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 50, 158 Interleukin-2, 196 Leukopenia, 304, 305, 307, 308 Interleukin-5, 196 Leukopheresis, 331 Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 108, 174 Leukoplakia, 21, 61–62 Interleukin-8, 280 Leukotriene, 197 350 Index

Lichen myxedematosus, 53 Micophenolate mofetil (MM), 307–308 Lichenoid drug reaction, 172 Microangiopathy, 286 , 62, 126, 261–262 Microchimerism, 104, 105 Lipid-lowering agents, 169–171 Microvascular injury, 247–248 Lipoatrophy, 52, 126 Microvasculopathy, 285 Lipodystrophy, 108, 138, 139 Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Livedo reticularis, 20, 50 163, 263 Lovastatin, 170–171 MJ antibody, 212, 214 Low-density lipoprotein receptor, 190 MMP-2, 245, 280 L-selectin, 281 MMP-9, 280 L-tryptophan, 199–200 Molecular mimicry, 285 band test, 247 Monochromatic irradiation testing, 233 Lupus panniculitis, 165 Monoclonal antibody, 316, 318 Lymphoblastic , 117, 141 Morbidity, 108, 297, 300, 335, 342, 343 Lymphoma, 115–117 Morphoea, 165 Lymphopenia, 142 Mortality, 113, 297, 300, 341–343 Lysosom, 245 rate, 341, 343 Motion exercises, 334 M M5 protein, 285, 287 MAAs. See Myositis-associated MRC grading system, 139 autoantibodies Mucin-like glycoprotein (KL-6), 80, 82 MAC. See Membrane attack complex Mucinosis, 246 Macroglossia, 63 Mucinous papules, 199 , 227 Mucosal edema, 61 “Macrophage activation syndrome,” 304 Muscle Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 15–17, atrophy, 67, 107, 341 52, 135, 151–152, 228 biopsy, 14–17, 97, 136, 147–148, 151–152, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), 229 189, 226, 243, 245 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), edema, 228 277, 278 endurance, 230 Malabsorption, 91 enzymes, 13–16, 23, 67, 136, 137, Malacoplakia, 126, 127 189, 255 Malignancy, 1, 111–118, 287, 288 , 14 Mannose binding lectin (MBL), 279, 288, 289 strength, 15–16, 299, 314, 333–335 Manual muscle test (MMT), 16, 231 weakness, 80–81, 84, 125, 127, Mas autoantigen, 216 128, 135–140, 147–148, 150–151, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), 243, 255–256, 259 280, 289 Myalgia, 66, 127, 128, 148, 151–152 MCTD. See Mixed connective tissue disease Myasthenia gravis, 66, 263 Mechanic’s hands, 21, 44, 47, 49, 125, 150, Mycobacterial infection, 70 164–165, 182–183, 215 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, complex, 126 16, 231 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 126 Membrane attack complex (MAC), 22, 245, Mycoplasma hominis, 285 277, 279, 280, 286 Myeloid-related proteins MRP8/MRP14, 245 Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 97 Myocarditis, 73, 181–182 Mercaptopurine, 308 Myocytotoxicity, 287 Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 97 Myoglobin, 217, 219, 225, 227 Methotrexate, 83–85, 97–98, 139, 173, 175, Myoglobin clearance, 227 303–308 Myoglobulinuria, 98, 181 induced pulmonary disease, 84 Myophagia, 189 nodulosis, 304 Myosin, 217 Methylprednisolon, 298–300, 305, 314, 319 heavy chain, 285, 287 Mi-2 antigen (Mi-2α and Mi-2β), 212 Myosinolysis, 243–244 Index 351

Myositis, 9–11, 147–148, 151–153, 163–166, carcinoma, 115 182–183, 211–219, 290 malignancy, 157 Myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs), (OS), 10, 69, 111, 116, 211, 216, 269 163, 297 Myositis cutaneous assessment tool Oxygen uptake, 335 (MCAT), 235 Myositis damage index, 235 P Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), 1, Palatal palsy, 101 11, 15–17, 135, 136, 141, 150, 152, Palpable purpura, 20, 50 211, 269, 272 Pancreatitis, 91, 141 Myotonia, 66 Pancytopenia, 129 Myotoxic drugs, 182 Panniculitis, 18, 20, 44, 50–52, 125, 126, 139 Myotropism, 181 Paralytic ileus, 90 Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis, 5, 10 N phenomenon, 114, 117, 287 Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), 231 syndrome, 151 Nailfold capillary microscopy, 22 Parvovirus B19, 270, 272 Nasal speech, 21 Pemphigus foliaceus, 126 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 116, 117, 141, 152 Pentoxiphylline, 324 Necrosis, 243–244, 246, 286 Perforin, 244 Necrotising vasculitis, 61 Pericardial tamponada, 74 Needle muscle biopsy, 196 Pericarditis, 73 Neoplasia, 53, 157–159 Perifascicular atrophy, 139, 243–244 Neopterin, 23, 142, 225 Perimysium, 195–196 Nephropathy, 97 Periorbital edema, 10–11, 18, 20, 44–45, 52 Neuroblastoma, 117, 141 heliotrope erythema, 13–15, 18–19 Neuromuscular paraneoplastic syndromes, 263 Peripheral neuropathy, 101 Neuropathy, 228 Periungual erythema, 19, 137, 149, 323 Neutropenia, 305, 309 infarcts, 20, 50 Niflumic acid, 170–171 Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, 246 Nitric oxide, 278 Petechiae, 264 Nitrogen balance, 335 Phagocytosis, 244 Noncicatricial alopecia, 47 Pharyngo-esophageal dysfunction, 83 Nonerosive arthritis, 182 Phenylbutazone, 170 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 115 Phenytoin, 170, 174, 200 Noninflammatory myopathy, 182 Phosphocreatine (PCr), 229 Nonscarring alopecia, 149, 159 Phosphorus 31 MR spectroscopy, 255 Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), Photoaggravation, 232–233 79–82, 84–85 Photodermatitis, 261 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Photoinduction, 232 (NSAIDs), 169 Photomicrography, 231 Photoprotection, 324 O Photosensitive poikiloderma, 18, 20, 43–45 Open muscle biopsies, 255, 315 Photosensitivity, 19, 22, 43, 47, 232–235, 269 Ophthalmoplegia, 93, 193 Phototesting, 43 Optic neuropathy, 94 Physiotherapy, 327, 331, 334, 335 Oral ulcerations, 20, 61–62 Picornavirus, 270, 272, 285 ulcers, 150 Pi/PCr ratio, 335 Orbital cellulites, 261 Pityriasis rubra pilaris, 47, 49–50, 125, 126 Orbital myositis, 11, 65, 193–194 Plantar , 49–50 Orthokeratosis, 246 Plaque-like mucinosis, 53 Osmophilic membranous whorls, 189 Plasmapheresis, 98, 306, 331–333 Ovarian P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy cancer, 113, 116, 152 (MRS), 152 352 Index

PM/Scl-75, 216 Radiotherapy, 117, 169–170, 172 PM/Scl-100, 216 Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease Pneumomediastinum, 84, 151 (RP-ILD), 80, 83–84, 325 Pneumonitis, 82–84 Raynaud’s phenomenon, 49–50, 82, 128, 150, Poikiloderma, 172, 261–262 163–166, 182–183, 215 Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare, 5, 248 Reductase inhibitors, 171–172 Poikilodermatomyositis, 261–262 Rehabilitation, 331, 333–335 Poikilodermatous plaques, 152, 172 Relapsing eosinophilic perimyositis Poliomyelitis vaccine, 174 (REP), 195 Polyarthritis, 69 Renal biopsy, 97 Polymorphic light eruption, 261 Renal failure, 97–98 Polymyositis (PM), 5–6, 9–10 Respiratory failure, 81 Polyradiculoneuritis, 101 Respiratory , 139, 140 Porokeratosis, 126, 127 Reticulate telangiectatic erythema, 45 Porphyria cutanea tarda, 126 Retinopathy, 93–94 Potent topical corticosteroids, 324 Retroviruses, 181, 190, 272 p53 protein, 289 , 90, 98 Pravastatin, 170–171 Rheumatoid arthritis, 163, 181–182 Prednisolone, 298, 305, 314 Rheumatoid factor (RF), 23, 225 , 148, 190, 297–300, 303–309, Right bundle branch block, 141 315, 318, 319 Rimmed vacuoles 189 Pregnancy-related dermatomyositis, 103–105 Rituximab, 318 Premature delivery, 103 RNA, 153 Premyopathic dermatomyositis, 147 Ro RNPs, 216 Prinzmetal’s angina, 73 Procollagen type I polypeptide, 225–226 S Progesterone, 105 Sarcoglycan, 196 Proptosis, 193–194, 263 Sarcoidal , 53 Protectin, 245 Sarcoidosis, 53 Proteinuria, 97, 141 Sarcolemma, 279 Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 229 Scalp disease, 18 Proximal muscle weakness, 14–15, 135, 136, Scalp scaly dermatosis, 18, 20, 44, 47 138, 182 Sclerodactyly, 165, 182 Pruritus, 20, 44, 51–52 Sclerodermatomyositis (SDM), 33, 49, Pseudo-dermatomyositis, 172 44, 47 Pseudoseizures, 102 Scleromyositis, 50, 163–164, 263 , 261–262 Scleromyxedema, 53 Ptosis, 93 Se antigen, 153, 213–214 Pulmonary capillaritis and alveolar Seasonal pattern, 34 hemorrhage (PCAH), 79 Seizures, 102 Pulmonary Serum hyaluronate level, 226 edema, 74 Serum muscle enzymes, 205 fibrosis, 82, 151 Sharp’s syndrome, 165 hypertension, 81, 84 Shawl sign, 14, 18–19, 45, 125, 129 Pulse corticosteroid therapy, 323 Shistosoma, 181 Pulse therapy, 300 Shulman syndrome, 199–200 , 126, 127 Sicca syndrome, 82 Pyogenic myositis, 181 Simvastatin, 170–172 Sjögren’s syndrome, 66, 163, 166, 182 Q Skeletal troponin I, 226–227 Quinacrine, 309, 319 SLE See Systemic 7SL RNA, 214–215 R SMI-31 monoclonal antibody, 189 Rabdomyolysis, 171 Soluble CD30, 225 Radionucleotide ventriculography, 73 Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), 227 Index 353

Squamous cell carcinoma, 116, 152 TNF-α-308A, 34, 234, 288 SRP, 212–215, 218 allele, 139, 278–279 Staphylococcus aureus, 181 promoter, 108 Steroid-induced myopathy, 228, 300 locus, 277 resistance, 300, 325 Topical steroids, 323 Stomach cancer, 113, 115 Total-body irradiation, 172–173, Strabismus, 93 332–333 Streptococcus M5 protein, 285, 287 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 51 Streptococcus pyogenes, 272, 285 Toxic myopathy, 171, 174 Subacute cutaneous lupus Toxic oil syndrome, 199–200, 264 erythematosus, 261 Toxoplasma gondii, 181, 272 Subacute perimyositis, 195 Toxoplasmosis, 130 Subcutaneous calcifications, 107 Transport RNA (tRNA), 212–216 Subcutaneous emphysema, 84 tRNA synthetase, 285, 290 “sunburn” eruption, 135 Trichinella spiralis, 263 Sunscreens, 324 Trichinosis, 263–264 Superficial calcifications, 107 Troponin T, 205 Surgical excision, 327 Truncal edema, 199 Survival rate, 182, 184, 343 Trypanosoma cruzi, 181 Sweet syndrome, 126, 127 Tuberculosis infection, 130 Synovitis, 165 Tubulofilaments, 188 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6, Tubuloreticular inclusions, 245 163–164, 166, 261 Tumor immunity, 287 Systemic sclerosis, 29, 163–164 T2-weighted MRI, 151, 228, 255

T U Tachicardia, 141 Ubiquitin, 189 Tachyarrythmias, 182 Ulcerations, 50, 61, 137, 140, 290 Tacrolimus, 316–318, 324, 325 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, 232 Tamoxifen-induced tumor regression, 172 UV B, 22 T-cell lymphoma, 127, 130 UV light, 288 TCR Vβ, 287 Urinary creatine, 23 Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate Urticaria, 20, 264 scintigraphy, 73 U1 snRNP, 216 Tegafur, 170, 172 U3 snRNP, 217 Tendon reflexes, 187–188 Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), Tenosynovitis, 70 79–80, 85 TGF-β, 200, 280 expression, 315 V mRNA, 315 Vaccines, 169–170, 174, 270 Thalidomide, 316, 318 Vacuolar degeneration, 244, 246 Th1 cells, 280 Valosin-containing protein, 188 lymphocytes, 248 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Th2 cells, 314 83, 281 lymphocytes, 248 Vascular damage, 243, 247 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase, See also anti PL-7 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 17, 216 225–226 Thrombocytopenia, 131 Vasculitis, 290 Thromboses, 89–90, 137, 140 Vasculopathy, 139–141, 165 Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), 279 Very low-density lipoprotein Th1/Th2 profile, 247 receptor, 190 Thymectomy, 333 Vesicules, 61, 290 Thyroid carcinoma, 115 Vesiculo-bullous lesions, 150 TNF-α, 278–280, 288 Videocapillaroscopy, 231 354 Index

Violaceous discoloration, 149 X Violaceous erythema, 18–20, 149–150 Xerosis, 172 Vitamin D, 326 Xerostomia, 62 Von Willebrand factor, 23, 141, 225 V-sign, 14, 18–19, 45, 125, 129, 130 Y Yersinia, 181 W Warfarin, 325, 326 Z Western blot, 214 Zebra-like DM, 47 Widespread erythema, 46 Zidovudine, 170, 174, 181