Cross-Cultural Psychology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cross-Cultural Psychology FOURTH EDITION CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY CRITICAL THINKING AND CONTEMPORARY APPLICATIONS Eric B. Shiraev George Mason University Northern Virginia Community College David A. Levy Pepperdine University Allyn & Bacon Boston • New York • San Francisco Mexico City • Montreal • Toronto • London • Madrid • Munich • Paris Hong Kong • Singapore • Tokyo • Cape Town • Sydney Senior Acquisitions Editor: Stephen Frail Editorial Assistant: Kerri Hart-Morris Senior Marketing Manager: Jeanette Koskinas Production Assistant: Maggie Brobeck Manufacturing Buyer: Renata Butera Cover Designer: Jayne Conte Cover Photo: Raycat/Istockphoto.com Electronic Composition: Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Allyn & Bacon, 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02116 All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education, Rights and Contracts Department, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116, or fax your request to 617-671-3447. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shiraev, Eric, 1960– Cross-cultural psychology : critical thinking and contemporary applications / Eric Shiraev, David Levy. —4th ed. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-66569-3 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-205-66569-1 (alk. paper) 1. Ethnopsychology—Methodology. I. Levy, David A., 1954– II. Title. GN502.S475 2010 155.8—dc22 2008048514 10987654321 [HAM] 13 12 11 10 09 ISBN-10: 0-205-66569-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-66569-3 CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1 Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology 1 What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology? 2 Basic Definitions 3 Culture 3 Society, Race, and Ethnicity 4 Knowledge in Cross-Cultural Psychology 6 Cultural Traditionalism 9 Empirical Examination of Culture 11 Collectivism and Individualism: Further Research 13 Cultural Syndromes 14 Evolutionary Approach 14 Sociological Approach 15 Ecocultural Approach 16 The Cultural Mixtures Approach: A New Cross-Cultural Psychology in the Twenty-First Century? 18 The Integrative Approach: A Summary 19 Indigenous Psychology 21 Ethnocentrism 21 Multiculturalism 21 A Brief History of the Field 22 Chapter 2 Methodology of Cross-Cultural Research 27 Goals of Cross-Cultural Research 28 Quantitative Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology 29 Quantitative Approach: Measurement Scales 29 Quantitative Approach: Looking for Links and Differences 30 Qualitative Approach in Cross-Cultural Psychology 31 Major Steps for Preparation of a Cross-Cultural Study 32 Sample Selection 33 Observation in Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 Survey Methods 36 Experimental Studies 38 iii iv Contents Content-Analysis 38 Focus-Group Methodology 39 Meta-Analysis: Research of Research 40 A Hidden Obstacle of Cross-Cultural Studies: Test Translation 40 Comparing Two Phenomena: Some Important Principles 42 On Similarities and Differences: Some Critical Thinking Applications 43 Cultural Dichotomies 44 There Are Fewer Differences than One Might Think 44 There Are More Differences than One Might Expect 45 Avoiding Bias of Generalizations 45 Know More about Cultures You Examine 47 Chapter 3 Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology 53 The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe 54 Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Gray? 57 The Similarity–Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different 59 The Barnum Effect: “One-Size-Fits-All” Descriptions 61 The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through Schema-Colored Glasses 63 The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization 65 The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events 68 The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences 71 The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality 74 Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing “What” with “Why” 76 Bidirectional Causation and Multiple Causation: Causal Loops and Compound Pathways 79 Bidirectional Causation 79 Multiple Causation 80 The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between “Is” and “Should” 82 The Belief Perseverance Effect: “Don’t Confuse Me with the Facts!” 85 Conclusions: “To Metathink or Not to Metathink?” 88 Contents v Chapter 4 Cognition: Sensation, Perception, and States of Consciousness 93 Sensation and Perception: Basic Principles 94 How Culture Influences What We Perceive 95 How People Perceive Pictures 97 Perception of Depth 98 Are People Equally Misled by Visual Illusions? 99 Some Cultural Patterns of Drawing 100 Perception of Color 100 Other Senses 103 Hearing 103 Taste 103 Smell 103 Touch 104 Perception of Time 105 Perception of the Beautiful 106 Perception of Music 108 Consciousness and Culture 109 Sleep and Cultural Significance of Dreams 110 Beyond Altered States of Consciousness 114 Chapter 5 Intelligence 120 Defining Intelligence 121 Ethnic Differences in IQ Scores 123 Explaining Group Differences in Test Scores: Intelligence and Intelligent Behavior 125 Do Biological Factors Contribute to Intelligence? 126 Incompatibility of Tests: Cultural Biases 127 A Word about “Cultural Literacy” 128 Environment and Intelligence 129 Socioeconomic Factors 130 The Family Factor 131 “Natural Selection” and IQ Scores 133 Cultural Values of Cognition 133 General Cognition: What Is “Underneath” Intelligence? 137 Classification 137 Sorting 137 Memory 138 vi Contents Formal and Mathematical Reasoning 138 Creativity 139 Cognitive Skills, School Grades, and Educational Systems 140 Culture, Tests, and Motivation 141 IQ, Culture, and Social Justice 143 And in the End, Moral Values 145 Chapter 6 Emotion 150 When We Laugh We Are Happy: Similarities of Emotional Experience 152 You Cannot Explain Pain If You Have Never Been Hurt: Differences in Emotional Experience 154 Emotions: Different or Universal? 157 Physiological Arousal 157 The Meaning of Preceding Events 158 Emotion as an Evaluation 161 We Are Expected to Feel in a Particular Way 162 How People Assess Emotional Experience 163 When Emotions Signal a Challenge: Cross-Cultural Research on Stress and Anxiety 164 Expression of Emotion 165 When Emotion Hurts: Cross-Cultural Studies of Anger 168 Emotion and Inclination to Act 169 Emotion and Judgment 169 Chapter 7 Motivation and Behavior 172 A Glance into Evolution 173 Social Science: See the Society First 174 Drive and Arousal: Two Universal Mechanisms of Motivation 174 The Power of the Unconscious: Psychoanalysis 175 Humanistic Theories 176 Learning and Motivation 178 A Carrot and a Beef Tongue: Hunger and Food Preference 178 When Hunger Causes Distress: Eating Disorders 179 Victory and Harmony: Achievement Motivation 180 Aggressive Motivation and Violence 183 Culture and Sexuality 188 Sex and Sexuality: Some Cross-Cultural Similarities 191 Contents vii Chapter 8 Human Development and Socialization 195 Development and Socialization 196 Quality of Life and the Child’s Development 196 Norms, Customs, and Child Care 197 Parental Values and Expectations 199 Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development 200 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 202 Stages of Moral Development According to Kohlberg 203 Developmental Stages 204 Life before Birth: Prenatal Period 205 First Steps: Infancy 206 Discovering the World: Childhood 209 Major Rehearsal: Adolescence 211 Adulthood 214 Late Adulthood 216 Chapter 9 Psychological Disorders 221 American Background: DSM-IV 222 Two Views on Culture and Psychopathology 223 Central and Peripheral Symptoms: An Outcome of the Debate between Universalists and Relativists 225 Culture-Bound Syndromes 226 Anxiety Disorders 230 Depressive Disorders 232 Schizophrenia 235 Culture and Suicide 236 Personality Disorders 239 Is Substance Abuse Culturally Bound? 244 Psychodiagnostic Biases 246 Psychotherapy 247 Culture Match? 249 Chapter 10 Social Perception and Social Cognition 255 Values 256 Western and Non-Western Values 258 Striving for Consistency: The Cognitive Balance Theory 260 Avoiding Inconsistency: Cognitive Dissonance 260 Psychological Dogmatism 261 viii Contents Social Attribution 261 Attribution as Locus of Control 262 Attribution of Success and Failure 264 Self-Perception 266 Do Social Norms Affect the Way We See Our Own Body? 267 Duty and Fairness in Individualist and Collectivist Cultures 268 Stereotypes and the Power of Generalizations 270 On “National Character” 272 Chapter 11 Social Interaction 277 Universal Interaction 278 Direct Contacts 281 Conformity 282 Is Conformity Universal across Cultures? 284 Following Orders 288 Social Influence 289 Feeling Good about Some Views 291 Is Social Loafing Universal? 292 Cooperation and Competition 292 Leadership 293 Chapter 12 Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology: Some Highlights 299 Health 300 Spirituality, Science, and Health 303 Business Decisions 306 Working with Immigrants 309 Education 312 Culture, Behavior, and the Law 313 Human Rights 314 Working and Serving Abroad 316 Religion: A Campus Context 318 Conclusion 319 References 322 Author Index 352 Subject Index 357 PREFACE Welcome to cross-cultural psychology of the Twenty-first century. The field is new and exciting, fascinating in its content, important in its applications, challenging
Recommended publications
  • You Only Live Twice: Midlife As a Creative Transition Into Our 'Second Act'
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Capstone Projects Capstones 8-1-2018 You Only Live Twice: Midlife as a Creative Transition Into Our 'Second Act' Erik Otto Driessen University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone Part of the Business Commons, Counseling Commons, and the Other Psychology Commons Driessen, Erik Otto, "You Only Live Twice: Midlife as a Creative Transition Into Our 'Second Act'" (2018). Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Capstone Projects. 141. https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/141 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/141 For more information, please contact [email protected]. You Only Live Twice: Midlife as a Creative Transition Into Our 'Second Act' Abstract Our rising life expectancy mandates a re-design of our life span and redefines midlif‘ e’ both technically and conceptually. Lagging behind other life stages in its scientific study, midlife is often connoted with a ‘crisis’ of sorts. Yet historically, midlife represented an apex in life; moreover, conclusive ‘crisis’ evidence has yet to emerge. Some manage to thrive in midlife by maintaining an attitude rooted in The Good Life, a concept tracing back to Aristotelian ethics. Positive psychology, the science of what makes life worth living, has studied The Good Life in modern times and contributed to understanding midlife in well-being terms. Together with neuroscience, positive psychology can help dispel myths regarding midlife, reframing it from the onset of decline into a creative transition for our ‘second act’ based on an enhanced sense of authorship.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Distance, Perception of Emotional Display Rules, And
    CULTURAL DISTANCE, PERCEPTION OF EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOJOURNER ADJUSTMENT A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Nicole L. Gullekson August 2007 2 This thesis titled CULTURAL DISTANCE, PERCEPTION OF EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOJOURNER ADJUSTMENT by NICOLE L. GULLEKSON has been approved for the Department of Psychology and the College of Arts and Sciences by ________________________________________________ Jeffrey B. Vancouver Associate Professor of Psychology ________________________________________________ Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 Abstract GULLEKSON, NICOLE L., M.S., August 2007, Experimental Psychology CULTURAL DISTANCE, PERCEPTION OF EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOJOURNER ADJUSTMENT (109 pp.) With increased globalization, more individuals temporarily leave home to work and study in foreign countries. These sojourners are confronted with societal norms different from their home cultures. The present study investigated the extent to which international student sojourners perceive differences in emotional display norms between their home and host cultures, as well as the influence of such perception on adjustment. Although accurate perception of the host culture’s emotional display rules was not related to adjustment, a “guest” effect existed. Specifically, international student participants reported that one should
    [Show full text]
  • Yarrow Man out I-Xxii 1-312.Indd
    CHAPTER 1 American Men on the Sidelines The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation. — Henry David Thoreau, “Economy” No one knows my struggle, they only see the trouble. — Tupac Shakur, “Thugz Mansion” Twenty to twenty- five million men— the population of Florida or Texas— are on the sidelines of American life.1 They have the same Y chromosomes as the men you see at work, the men who play with their children, go out with their wives or partners, are involved in their communities, and earn a living to save for their children’s education and their families’ retirement. But these “men out” are doing few if any of these things. They are still counted by the U.S. Census, but for all practical purposes they are absent from much of mainstream life. What they do doesn’t register in either the gross domestic product (GDP) or in the glimmer of a child’s eye. They aren’t engaged in their communities or country. Viscerally, we know these sidelined men are out there. But they don’t fit old stereotypes of failure. We haven’t been able to name them or come to grips with who they are. We haven’t identified the problem or its dimensions. Why is this happening? What can we do? We see separate problems like white men who aren’t working, who are angry, whose education ended long before 1 2 Man Out a bachelor’s degree. We see black men whose lives don’t seem to matter.
    [Show full text]
  • Clara E. Sipprell Papers
    Clara E. Sipprell Papers An inventory of her papers at Syracuse University Finding aid created by: - Date: unknown Revision history: Jan 1984 additions, revised (ASD) 14 Oct 2006 converted to EAD (AMCon) Feb 2009 updated, reorganized (BMG) May 2009 updated 87-101 (MRC) 21 Sep 2017 updated after negative integration (SM) 9 May 2019 added unidentified and "House in Thetford, Vermont" (KD) extensively updated following NEDCC rehousing; Christensen 14 May 2021 correspondence added (MRC) Overview of the Collection Creator: Sipprell, Clara E. (Clara Estelle), 1885-1975. Title: Clara E. Sipprell Papers Dates: 1915-1970 Quantity: 93 linear ft. Abstract: Papers of the American photographer. Original photographs, arranged as character studies, landscapes, portraits, and still life studies. Correspondence (1929-1970), clippings, interviews, photographs of her. Portraits of Louis Adamic, Svetlana Allilueva, Van Wyck Brooks, Pearl S. Buck, Rudolf Bultmann, Charles E. Burchfield, Fyodor Chaliapin, Ralph Adams Cram, W.E.B. Du Bois, Albert Einstein, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Ralph E. Flanders, Michel Fokine, Robert Frost, Eva Hansl, Roy Harris, Granville Hicks, Malvina Hoffman, Langston Hughes, Robinson Jeffers, Louis Krasner, Serge Koussevitzky, Luigi Lucioni, Emil Ludwig, Edwin Markham, Isamu Noguchi, Maxfield Parrish, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Eleanor Roosevelt, Dane Rudhyar, Ruth St. Denis, Otis Skinner, Ida Tarbell, Howard Thurman, Ridgely Torrence, Hendrik Van Loon, and others Language: English Repository: Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries 222 Waverly Avenue Syracuse, NY 13244-2010 http://scrc.syr.edu Biographical History Clara E. Sipprell (1885-1975) was a Canadian-American photographer known for her landscapes and portraits of famous actors, artists, writers and scientists. Sipprell was born in Ontario, Canada, a posthumous child with five brothers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Silent Crisis in Congo: the Bantu and the Twa in Tanganyika
    CONFLICT SPOTLIGHT A Silent Crisis in Congo: The Bantu and the Twa in Tanganyika Prepared by Geoffroy Groleau, Senior Technical Advisor, Governance Technical Unit The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with 920,000 new Bantus and Twas participating in a displacements related to conflict and violence in 2016, surpassed Syria as community 1 meeting held the country generating the largest new population movements. Those during March 2016 in Kabeke, located displacements were the result of enduring violence in North and South in Manono territory Kivu, but also of rapidly escalating conflicts in the Kasaï and Tanganyika in Tanganyika. The meeting was held provinces that continue unabated. In order to promote a better to nominate a Baraza (or peace understanding of the drivers of the silent and neglected crisis in DRC, this committee), a council of elders Conflict Spotlight focuses on the inter-ethnic conflict between the Bantu composed of seven and the Twa ethnic groups in Tanganyika. This conflict illustrates how representatives from each marginalization of the Twa minority group due to a combination of limited community. access to resources, exclusion from local decision-making and systematic Photo: Sonia Rolley/RFI discrimination, can result in large-scale violence and displacement. Moreover, this document provides actionable recommendations for conflict transformation and resolution. 1 http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017/pdfs/2017-GRID-DRC-spotlight.pdf From Harm To Home | Rescue.org CONFLICT SPOTLIGHT ⎯ A Silent Crisis in Congo: The Bantu and the Twa in Tanganyika 2 1. OVERVIEW Since mid-2016, inter-ethnic violence between the Bantu and the Twa ethnic groups has reached an acute phase, and is now affecting five of the six territories in a province of roughly 2.5 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • Ron Roberts, David Groome – Parapsychology
    Parapsychology This page intentionally left blank Parapsychology The science of unusual experience RON ROBERTS Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London and DAVID GROOME Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York First published in Great Britain in 2001 by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.arnoldpublishers.com Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © 2001 Arnold All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIT 4LP. The advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, but neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0340 76169 5 (hb) ISBN 0340 76168 7 (pb) 2345678910 Typeset in 1 Ipt Times by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in Malta.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnicity and Its Issues and Perspectives: a Critical Study
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 07, 2020 Ethnicity And Its Issues And Perspectives: A Critical Study Sanjay Kumar1, Dr. Gowher Ahmad Naik2 1Research Scholar, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Department of English 2Assistant Professor Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Department of English. Abstract: Ethnicity is a complex phenomenon. It is a highly controversial, disputable, problematic term that does not have any fixed meaning and is used as a less emotive term for a race. Ethnicity is a social construct like race, but the main difference is that race refers to phenotypical differences, whereas ethnicity refers to cultural differences. Ethnicity helps an individual to identify with a larger group, and one’s ethnicity may identify an individual. Too many writers like Max Weber, Michael Brown, Wsevolod Isajiw, etc. have discussed many features to define 'ethnicity.' To explain and outline an apparent meaning for ethnicity, authors like Fredrik Barth, Abner Cohen, Michael Hechter, etc. have postulated different approaches such as primordialism, instrumentalism, materialism and constructivism. Robert E. Park has contributed to the theory of ethnicity by focusing on assimilation theory. Authors like Omi and Vinant have openly opposed this theory and considered the immigrant as the basis of ethnicity. The chief motive of this paper is to discuss the shifting meanings of ethnicity and to depict the purpose behind the divisions based on ethnicity. Keywords: Race, Ethnicity, Classification, Primordialism, Instrumentalism. 1. INTRODUCTION Categorization is part of life. We classify people to gain access to them and to identify them quickly. Without classification, it would be difficult to define and identify worldly objects and human beings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Thinking Clearly
    For Sabine The Art of Thinking Clearly Rolf Dobelli www.sceptrebooks.co.uk First published in Great Britain in 2013 by Sceptre An imprint of Hodder & Stoughton An Hachette UK company 1 Copyright © Rolf Dobelli 2013 The right of Rolf Dobelli to be identified as the Author of the Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. eBook ISBN 978 1 444 75955 6 Hardback ISBN 978 1 444 75954 9 Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 338 Euston Road London NW1 3BH www.sceptrebooks.co.uk CONTENTS Introduction 1 WHY YOU SHOULD VISIT CEMETERIES: Survivorship Bias 2 DOES HARVARD MAKE YOU SMARTER?: Swimmer’s Body Illusion 3 WHY YOU SEE SHAPES IN THE CLOUDS: Clustering Illusion 4 IF 50 MILLION PEOPLE SAY SOMETHING FOOLISH, IT IS STILL FOOLISH: Social Proof 5 WHY YOU SHOULD FORGET THE PAST: Sunk Cost Fallacy 6 DON’T ACCEPT FREE DRINKS: Reciprocity 7 BEWARE THE ‘SPECIAL CASE’: Confirmation Bias (Part 1) 8 MURDER YOUR DARLINGS: Confirmation Bias (Part 2) 9 DON’T BOW TO AUTHORITY: Authority Bias 10 LEAVE YOUR SUPERMODEL FRIENDS AT HOME: Contrast Effect 11 WHY WE PREFER A WRONG MAP TO NO
    [Show full text]
  • 'Acculturation' in Relation to Diasporic Cultures and Postcolonial Identities
    Paper Human Development 2001;44:1–18 Rethinking ‘Acculturation’ in Relation to Diasporic Cultures and Postcolonial Identities Sunil Bhatia a Anjali Ram b aConnecticut College, New London, Conn., bRoger Williams University, Bristol, R.I., USA Key Words Acculturation W Cross-cultural psychology W Cultural identity W Diaspora W Human development W Immigrants W Postcolonial theory Abstract In this article, we reexamine the concept of ‘acculturation’ in cross-cultural psy- chology, especially with respect to non-western, non-European immigrants living in the United States. By drawing primarily on postcolonial scholarship, we specifi- cally reconsider the universalist assumption in cross-cultural psychology that all immigrant groups undergo the same kind of ‘psychological’ acculturation process. In so doing, (1) we consider some of the historical and political events related to immigration in the United States; (2) we question the conflation of nation with cul- ture that emerges in many theories of acculturation; (3) we use the notion of diaspo- ra as theorized in postcolonial studies to rethink the concept of ‘integration strategy’ as developed in cross-cultural psychology. Our article has implications for general issues of culture and self in human development, and particular issues in the area of acculturation. Copyright © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel Given the fact that currently 20% of all children in the United States are immigrant children [Hernandez, 1999], questions related to acculturation and migrant identity are central to human development. Much of the psychological research on the development of immigrant identity has been studied under the topic of ‘acculturation’ in cross-cultur- al psychology. Scholars working with this body of research have been primarily occu- pied with developing universal, linear models to understand the various stages of identi- ty that an immigrant might experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Donations to the Library 2000S
    DONATIONS TO THE LIDRARY 277 DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY Michael Andrews (BA 1960) The birth of Europe, 1991; The flight of the condor, 1982; The life that lives on Man, 1977 13 May 1999 - 12 May 2000 Anthony Avis (BA 1949) The Librarian is always delighted to hear from any member of the Gaywood past: some historical notes, 1999; The journey: reflective essays, College considering a gift of books, manuscripts, maps or photographs 1999 to the College Library. Brigadier David Baines Abdus Salam International Centre Documents relating to the army career of Alan Menzies Hiller A. M. Hamende (ed.), Tribute to Abdus Salam (Abdus Salam Memorial (matric. 1913), who was killed in action near Arras in May 1915 meeting, 19-22 Nov. 1997), 1999 D.M. P. Barrere (BA 1966) David Ainscough Georges Bernanos, 'Notes pour ses conferences' (MS), n. d. Chambers' guide to the legal profession 1999-2000, 1999 P. J. Toulet, La jeune fille verte, 1918 Robert Ganzo, Histoire avant Sumer, 1963; L'oeuvre poetique, 1956 Dr Alexander G. A.) Romain Rolland, De Jean Christophe a Colas Breugnon: pages de journal, Automobile Association, Ordnance Survey illustrated atlas of Victorian 1946; La Montespan: drame en trois actes, 1904 and Edwardian Britain, 1991 Ann MacSween and Mick Sharp, Prehistoric Scotland, 1989 Martyn Barrett (BA 1973) Antonio Pardo, The world of ancient Spain, 1976 Martyn Barrett (ed.), The development of language, 1999 Edith Mary Wightrnan, Galla Belgica, 1985 Gerard Nicolini, The ancient Spaniards, 1974 Octavian Basca Herman Ramm, The Parisi, 1978 Ion Purcaru and Octavian Basca, Oameni, idei, fapte din istoria J.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing Culture from Within
    Writing Culture fromWithin Reflections on Endogenous Ethnography* Rob van Ginkel University of Amsterdam The days when anthropology was automatically associated with accounts of 'primitive peoples' in faraway lands are gone. Though the confrontation and dialogue with others deemed 'exotic' constituted anthropology's initial raison d'etre, today it is not in the least exceptional that anthropologists study an aspect or segment of the society of which they themselves are members. Thus, - instead of studying ourselves through the detour of studying others occasionally with the justification that perceiving others as 'exotic' will ultimately lead to the - recognition of our own peculiarities (cf. Leach 1982:127) many ethnographers nowadays tend to take a short cut. This fact notwithstanding, participant observation has remained the much heralded trademark of ethnographic research. In this respect, anthropology dif fers from all other disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. It is probably the distinct method of participant observation which is the reason why anthro pologists doing fieldwork at home reflect upon the implications of their position as natives for their research and its results. At least, historians or sociologists conducting research in their own society do not seem to be as reflexive. When anthropologists predominantly went to foreign countries far afield, they considered themselves 'strangers and friends', 'marginal natives' or 'professional strangers'.1 These terms are an indication of their role as outsiders. Now
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Earth Sciences Alumni News
    ALUMNI NEWS Issue 29 February 2020 for Alumni and Friends Inside: Madeleine Fritz: a Pioneer Female Geologist - pg 17 Field Education: Outer Banks, Trinidad, Turkey - pg 18 Alumni Night & Lab Tours - pg 24 Accolades for Barbara Sherwood Lollar - pg 4 Steve Scott 1941 –2019 1 Table of Contents Message from the Chair Message from the Chair 2 Welcome! It’s a privilege to write to you here again in Focusing on the Future 3 the Newsletter as Chair of our Department. Probably Awards, Honours and Appointments 4 the best part of my job is bridging among long-time Retirements 6 alumni, recent graduates, and our current group of New Staff 7 geoscientists. This year’s Newsletter documents an Departures 7 exceptional breadth of activities and happenings. Joubin-James Distinguished Visitors 8 Personal highlights for me include: joining Barbara Digger Gorman, Past and Present 8 Sherwood Lollar at Rideau Hall to recognize and to Class of 2019 9 celebrate her receipt of the NSERC Herzberg Medal; Student Awards 10 climbing high inside the ignimbrite fairy chimneys Earth Sciences Golf Tournament 12 in Cappadocia with students on our 10-day Donor Acknowledgements 13 adventures in Anatolia; enjoying a beer during the numerous performances of our departmental Faultsettos a cappella group; golfing on a perfect AESRC 13 autumn day with Geology alumni and friends at Nobleton Lakes (apologies to members of my foursome for my various forest/lake/bunker shots and Departmental Research 14 time spent digging potatoes into the Nobleton fairways…). Paleomagnatism Lab Closure 16 Who says the life of an academic Chair is drudgery? Madeleine Fritz 17 We are in the midst of two new hires this year and look forward to two new faculty colleagues: an Assistant Professor in Igneous Petrology/ Field Education 18 High-T Geochemistry and at the Associate/Full Professor level in Applied Geophysics to fill the endowed Teck Chair.
    [Show full text]