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Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept of Kingship
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Jacob Douglas Feeley University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Feeley, Jacob Douglas, "Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2276. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Abstract Scholars who have discussed Josephus’ political philosophy have largely focused on his concepts of aristokratia or theokratia. In general, they have ignored his concept of kingship. Those that have commented on it tend to dismiss Josephus as anti-monarchical and ascribe this to the biblical anti- monarchical tradition. To date, Josephus’ concept of kingship has not been treated as a significant component of his political philosophy. Through a close reading of Josephus’ longest text, the Jewish Antiquities, a historical work that provides extensive accounts of kings and kingship, I show that Josephus had a fully developed theory of monarchical government that drew on biblical and Greco- Roman models of kingship. Josephus held that ideal kingship was the responsible use of the personal power of one individual to advance the interests of the governed and maintain his and his subjects’ loyalty to Yahweh. The king relied primarily on a standard array of classical virtues to preserve social order in the kingdom, protect it from external threats, maintain his subjects’ quality of life, and provide them with a model for proper moral conduct. -
The Maccabees (Hasmoneans)
The Maccabees Page 1 The Maccabees (Hasmoneans) HASMONEANS hazʹme-nēʹenz [Gk Asamomaios; Heb ḥašmônay]. In the broader sense the term Hasmonean refers to the whole “Maccabean” family. According to Josephus (Ant. xii.6.1 [265]), Mattathias, the first of the family to revolt against Antiochus IV’s demands, was the great-grandson of Hashman. This name may have derived from the Heb ḥašmān, perhaps meaning “fruitfulness,” “wealthy.” Hashman was a priest of the family of Joarib (cf. 1 Macc. 2:1; 1 Ch. 24:7). The narrower sense of the term Hasmonean has reference to the time of Israel’s independence beginning with Simon, Mattathias’s last surviving son, who in 142 B.C. gained independence from the Syrian control, and ending with Simon’s great-grandson Hyrcanus II, who submitted to the Roman general Pompey in 63 B.C. Remnants of the Hasmoneans continued until A.D. 100. I. Revolt of the Maccabees The Hasmonean name does not occur in the books of Maccabees, but appears in Josephus several times (Ant. xi.4.8 [111]; xii.6.1 [265]; xiv.16.4 [490f]; xv.11.4 [403]; xvi.7.1 [187]; xvii.7.3 [162]; xx.8.11 [190]; 10.3 [238]; 10.5 [247, 249]; BJ i.7 [19]; 1.3 [36]; Vita 1 [2, 4]) and once in the Mishnah (Middoth i.6). These references include the whole Maccabean family beginning with Mattathias. In 166 B.C. Mattathias, the aged priest in Modein, refused to obey the order of Antiochus IV’s envoy to sacrifice to the heathen gods, and instead slew the envoy and a Jew who was about to comply. -
30-Between the Testaments #5
Old Testament History Lesson #30 The Hellenistic Period Introduction. With the death of the last of the sons of Mattathias, in 135 B.C., the heroic age of the Maccabean struggle came to an end. The generation which had fought for religious liberty was dying out. The new generation was proud of the Maccabean victories and hopeful of even greater successes at home and abroad. I. The Growth And Decay Of The Hasmonean Dynasty A. John Hyrcanus. 1. Although powerful enough to conquer Jerusalem, Syria offered rec- ognition to Hyrcanus on the condition that Hyrcanus consider him- self subject to Syria and promise to help in Syrian military cam- paigns. The Syrians left Palestine, and the Hellenizing party disap- peared from the Jewish political scene. 2. This change in political alignments is an important factor in the reign of Hyrcanus. The Maccabean struggle resulted in victory for the Hasidim, although the Hasidim did not completely align them- selves with the Maccabees. They were willing to stop short of politi- cal independence in their dealings with the Syrians. 3. In the subsequent history of the Hellenistic party, its ideals were perpetuated in the party of the Sadducees, and the ideals of the Hasidim were perpetuated in the party of the Pharisees. These par- ties are first mentioned during the lifetime of Hyrcanus. Before his death he repudiated the Pharisees and declared himself a Sad- ducee. 4. The rule of John Hyrcanus was one of territorial expansion. Al- though devout Jews frequently differed with his policies, his per- sonal life was free from suspicion. -
Issues) and B Gin with the Summ R Issu
BLAKE/AN lHUSl1V1J I:D QUARTERLY SPRING 1986 CONTRIBUTORS G.E. B NTL ,JR., of the Univ rsity of Toronto writes on Blake, 1 xman, CumberJand, and ilJustrated book makers of their times. MA TIN BUTLIN, Keeper of the Histori.c British ollection at the ate allery, Lond n, is the author of numerous books on Blake and Turn r and a frequent contributor to Blake. VOLUM GREG RO SAN is a senior J crurer in ngJish at Massey University, New Zealand, where he teaches Ro CONTENTS mantic Literature and Romantic Mythmaking. He has written chiefly on the poetry of John lare. 128 rom Sketch to Text in Blake: The ase of The Bo()k of Thel by G.E. Bentley, Jr. ROBERT F. GLECKNER, Professor of ~ ngJjsh, Duke University, is the author of The Piper and the Bard: A Study o/William Blake, Blake's Prelude: UPoetical Sketches, II MINUTE PARTICULARS and Blake find Spenser. He is also the co-author (with Mark Greenberg) of a forthcom ing MLA volume, Ap proaches to Teaching Blake's ({Songs. 11 142 BL ke, Thomas oston, and the 'ourfold Vision by David Groves DAVI OVES, a Canadian lecturer working in 142 "Infant Sorrow" and Roberr Green's Menaphon by Scotland, is th author of James I-Iogg: Tales of Love and Greg rossan Mystery and james Hogg and His Art (forthcoming). R VIEWS B OSSIAN IND ERG is a painter and art historian at the Institute of Art History in Lund, Sweden. He is the author of William Blake's 11l1lstration.r to the Book of 14/j Daniel Albright, LY1'ic(llity il1 English Literatllre, job. -
Binary Domination and Bondage: Blake's Representations of Race
Binary Domination and Bondage: Blake’s Representations of Race, Nationalism, and Gender Katherine Calvin Submitted to the Department of English, Vanderbilt University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Major, April 17, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………..………………………1 I. Blake’s Theory and Technique…………………….…………………………………..3 II. Revealing (and Contesting) the Racial Binary in Blake’s “The Little Black Boy”.......14 III. Colonization, Revolution, and the Consequences in America, A Prophecy …...……..33 IV. Gender and Rhetoric in Visions of the Daughters of Albion …………………..…..…63 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….90 Selected Bibliography……………………………………………………...………….93 Introduction “Thy soft American plains are mine and mine thy north and south/ Stampt with my signet are the swarthy children of the sun.”1 In William Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion, the rapist Bromion decries his victim Oothoon on the basis of three conflated identities: race, colonial status, and gender. With his seed already sown in her womb, he pledges that her “swarthy” offspring will bear not only his genetic signet but also labor in subservience to him, the colonial master. Bromion himself encompasses everything Oothoon is not—he is a white male in the act of colonization while she is a female lashed to the identity of America, which is ethnically and politically subservient. Written in an age of burgeoning political and social radicalism, Visions nonetheless fails to conclude with the triumphant victory of Oothoon, -
Robert Graves - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Robert Graves - poems - Publication Date: 2004 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Robert Graves(1895 - 1985) Robert Graves was born in 1895 in Wimbledon, a suburb of London. Graves was known as a poet, lecturer and novelist. He was also known as a classicist and a mythographer. Perhaps his first known and revered poems were the poems Groves wrote behind the lines in World War One. He later became known as one of the most superb English language 'Love' poets. He then became recognised as one of the finest love poets writing in the English language. Members of the poetry, novel writing, historian, and classical scholarly community often feel indebted to the man and his works. Robert Graves was born into an interesting time in history. He actually saw Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee procession at the age of two or three. His family was quite patriotic, educated, strict and upper middle saw his father as an authoritarian. He was not liked by his peers in school, nor did he care much for them. He attended British public school. He feared most of his Masters at the school. When he did seek out company, it was of the same sex and his relationships were clearly same sex in orientation. Although he had a scholarship secured in the classics at Oxford, he escaped his childhood and Father through leaving for the Great War. Graves married twice, once to Nancy Nicholson, and they had four children, and his second marriage to Beryl Pritchard brought forth four more children. -
Parody and Play in Blake's Composite
35 PARODY AND PLAY IN BLAKE’S COMPOSITE ART Michael Phillips Parody is a form of imitation that to achieve its effect must rely upon the reader or viewer recognising the original that is being imitated. For example, in satire, parody is used to create burlesque, a form of extended simile, that David Worcester has described in The Art of Satire, as follows: “Look here, upon this picture, and on this,” says the author. The reader looks first on one, then on the other, and decides for himself whether the mirrored image faithfully reproduces the object. Of course, in satire it does not do so, for the satirist secretly aims at exposing a discrepancy in the strongest possible light. Once he has exposed it, the fewer words the better, for his insistence on pointing the moral will rob the reader of his share in the game. Worcester continues: It is the reader’s part to supply knowledge of the model. He must hold up the model, and the author will furnish him with a distorted reflection of it. Herein lies the strength of burlesque, and its weakness. (42) Exactly. If the reader or viewer fails to recognize the model, there can be no game, and the point the author wished to make is lost. Worcester makes plain that in burlesque satire it is essential for the reader or viewer to recognize the model that is being distorted. Only then, to use Worcester’s metaphor, can the game begin. The further we explore the relationship between the model and its imitation, the more difficult it becomes to avoid it. -
Julia Wilker University of Pennsylvania
ELECTRUM * Vol. 25 (2018): 127–145 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.18.007.8927 www.ejournals.eu/electrum BETWEEN EMPIRES AND PEERS: HASMONEAN FOREIGN POLICY UNDER ALEXANDER JANNAEUS Julia Wilker University of Pennsylvania Abstract: During the reign of Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 BCE), Judea underwent a number of signifi cant changes. This article explores one of them: the fundamental shift in foreign policy strategy. This shift becomes most apparent in the king’s decision to not renew the alliance with Rome, which had been a hallmark of Hasmonean foreign policy since the days of Judas Mac- cabaeus. However, a close analysis of Alexander Jannaeus’ policy regarding other foreign powers demonstrates that the end of the Judean-Roman alliance did not happen in a vacuum. It is shown that under Alexander Jannaeus, the Hasmonean state adopted a different strategy towards imperial powers by focusing on deescalation and ignorance rather than alliances. In contrast, interactions with other rising states in the vicinity, such as the Nabateans and Itureans, increased. This new orientation in foreign policy refl ected changes in Hasmonean identity and self-defi nition; Judea did not need imperial support to maintain its independence anymore but strived to increase its status as a regional power. Key words: Hasmoneans, Alexander Jannaeus, Jewish-Roman relations, foreign relations. The reign of Alexander Jannaeus (103–76 BCE) constituted a seminal period in the his- tory of Hellenistic Judea; his rule signifi es both the acme and a turning point of the Has- monean state. The length of his tenure as king – second only to that of his father, John Hyrcanus (135–105/104 BCE) – stands in signifi cant contrast to that of his predecessor, Aristobulus I, who died after having ruled for less than a year. -
The Hybrid Reality of Stevens's Aesthetic Ecology of Mind
LOWRY, WILLIAM R., M.A. “Commingled Souvenirs and Prophecies”: The Hybrid Reality of Stevens’s Aesthetic Ecology of Mind. (2015) Directed by Dr. Hephzibah Roskelly. 83 pp. Combining close readings that highlight structural techniques Wallace Stevens uses to lead readers to see the world through his imagination with historical/biographical information and scholarship that provides context for their production, publication and content, I study how Wallace Stevens’s, "The Poems of Our Climate," "Dutch Graves in Bucks County," and "Examination of the Hero in a Time of War" rely on rhetorical/aesthetic strategies characteristic of hybridity to complete his subsumption of reality into the ecosystem of the imagination. The results of my investigation reveal Stevens’s rhetorical/aesthetic use of the characteristics of hybridity allow him to use the failures and successes of tradition and both skepticism and faith in the positivist present as tools whereby he can fulfill his aim of having readers experience the ways these poems take form in his mind. In other words, with the aid of these hybrid rhetorical/aesthetic strategies, Stevens strives to pull off a feat of telepathy through the medium of poetry and recreate the images and questions about knowing he experiences in his own mind in the mind of readers. “COMMINGLED SOUVENIRS AND PROPHECIES”: THE HYBRID REALITY OF STEVENS’S AESTHETIC ECOLOGY OF MIND by William R. Lowry A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate School at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Greensboro 2015 Approved by _________________________________ Committee Chair APPROVAL PAGE This thesis written by William R. -
The Prophetic Books of William Blake : Milton
W. BLAKE'S MILTON TED I3Y A. G.B.RUSSELL and E.R.D. MACLAGAN J MILTON UNIFORM WirH THIS BOOK The Prophetic Books of W. Blake JERUSALEM Edited by E. R. D. Maclagan and A. G. B. Russell 6s. net : THE PROPHETIC BOOKS OF WILLIAM BLAKE MILTON Edited by E. R. D. MACLAGAN and A. G. B. RUSSELL LONDON A. H. BULLEN 47, GREAT RUSSELL STREET 1907 CHISWICK PRESS : CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. INTRODUCTION. WHEN, in a letter to his friend George Cumberland, written just a year before his departure to Felpham, Blake lightly mentions that he had passed " nearly twenty years in ups and downs " since his first embarkation upon " the ocean of business," he is simply referring to the anxiety with which he had been continually harassed in regard to the means of life. He gives no hint of the terrible mental conflict with which his life was at that time darkened. It was more actually then a question of the exist- ence of his body than of the state of his soul. It is not until several years later that he permits us to realize the full significance of this sombre period in the process of his spiritual development. The new burst of intelle6tual vision, accompanying his visit to the Truchsessian Pi6lure Gallery in 1804, when all the joy and enthusiasm which had inspired the creations of his youth once more returned to him, gave him courage for the first time to face the past and to refledl upon the course of his deadly struggle with " that spe6lrous fiend " who had formerly waged war upon his imagination. -
Mattathias Antigonus Coins - the Last Kings of the Hasmonean [email protected]
Mattathias Antigonus coins - the last kings of the Hasmonean [email protected] Zlotnik yehoshua 10.10.10 Abstract Mattathias Antigonus was the last king of the Hasmonean-Maccabean Dynasty (37-40 BC' all dates BC). Struggles and uprisings preceded his reign of the Hasmonean state, by his father Aristobulus II and his brother Alexander II for control of the Hasmonean kingdom. The three years of his reign were a turbulent time of constant war with his rival king Herod. This period applies to monetary upheaval. Mattathias' activities in the field of Numismatics has been significant and impressive. His minting Authority minted unique coins, while Herod also minted unique coins. Numismatic background before Mattathias Antigonus of the Hasmonean minting; The 3 Hasmonean kings prior to Mattathias Antigonus minted an abundance of unique coins. The first was John Hyrcanus I 135-104, who minted several series of coins, including a coin, possibly, together with Antiochus VII Sidetes minted in Jerusalem. On one side of the coin appears an inscription for Alexander Sidetes with the icon of the royal anchor. On the other side of the coin a model of the lily, the symbol of the Hasmonean priesthood. Another coin bearing the Greek letter alpha above a Paleo Hebrew legend "Yehohanan (John) the High priest and the Council of the Jews." The Alpha letter probably represents the first letter in the name of Antiochus VII Sidetes, and validates the Hebrew inscription underneath it. There are, however, researchers who believe otherwise. The other side of the coin bears the symbol of the cornucopia commonly shown on Hasmonean coins, including the pomegranate icon, which may symbolize the priesthood adopted by the Hasmonean dynasty. -
The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2011 The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Perkins, Nancy, "The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1397. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1397 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts in History _____________________ by Nancy Perkins December 2011 _____________________ William D. Burgess Jr., PhD, Chair Keith Green, PhD Henry Antkiewicz, PhD Keywords: Book of Enoch, Judaism, Second Temple ABSTRACT The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism by Nancy Perkins This thesis examines the ancient Jewish text the Book of Enoch, the scholarly work done on the text since its discovery in 1773, and its seminal importance to the study of ancient Jewish history. Primary sources for the thesis project are limited to Flavius Josephus and the works of the Old Testament. Modern scholars provide an abundance of secondary information.