DOCSLIB.ORG

The Break in the Mongolian Rainy Season and Its Relation to the Stationary Rossby Wave Along the Asian Jet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Break in the Mongolian Rainy Season and Its Relation to the Stationary Rossby Wave Along the Asian Jet 3394 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 19 The Break in the Mongolian Rainy Season and Its Relation to the Stationary Rossby Wave along the Asian Jet HIROYUKI IWASAKI AND TOMOMI NII Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan (Manuscript received 6 June 2005, in final form 22 November 2005) ABSTRACT Seasonal and interannual variation of rainfall over Mongolia was investigated using 10-day rainfall data from 92 stations during 1993–2001 and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data from 1979 to 2001. The break in the rainy season was found in the middle of July, and the meteorological stations with a clear break period were concentrated in eastern Mongolia where the plain prevails relative to western Mongolia without regard to the difference in annual precipitation. Clear breaks in the rainy season were recognized in 5 yr among an analysis period of 9 yr. In the break period, the stationary Rossby wave trapped in the Asian jet was predominant at 200 hPa, and a barotropic ridge associated with the Rossby wave developed over Mongolia. Furthermore, interannual variation of the break also corresponded to the variation of the stationary Rossby wave. It is considered that the break of the Mongolian rainy season is caused by the stationary Rossby wave trapped in the Asian jet. The stationary Rossby wave was climatologically phase locked in seasonal evolution and, as a result, the break period was also concentrated around the middle of July. 1. Introduction rainfall are indispensable to understanding the variabil- ity of vegetation activity over the Mongolian grass- Grassland in Mongolia occupies 97% of the country. lands, there are only a few brief studies on the clima- These grasslands are the main source of forage for no- tology of rainfall due to the lack of accessible meteo- madic livestock, so that, vegetation activity in the grass- rological data. Annual precipitation over Mongolia is lands directly influence Mongolian society. Xue (1996) characterized by large variability from year to year showed that a decrease in vegetation activity over the (Slemnev et al. 1994; Hilbig 1995; Gunin et al. 1999). As Mongolian grasslands plays an important role in modi- for the seasonal change, it is well known that about fying the East Asian monsoon circulation and in pro- 70%–80% of annual precipitation falls as rain in the ducing a rainfall anomaly over China. It is suggested summer season and monthly rainfall amounts reach a that interannual variability of vegetation activity in the maximum in August (e.g., Hilbig 1995; Natsagdorj grasslands has a significant impact on not only Mongo- 2000; Miyazaki et al. 1999; Endo et al. 2006). However, lian society, but the East Asian climate as well. we could not find any studies on the detailed seasonal Iwasaki (2006) showed that the vegetation activity variation of rainfall over Mongolia since most of these over the Mongolian grasslands is impacted by interan- descriptions are based on monthly meteorological data nual variation of rainfall; there are significant positive and/or short-term analysis. In other words, there is not correlations between precipitation from June to July sufficient knowledge on the relationship between the and vegetation activity in the mature stage. Although seasonal evolution of large-scale weather patterns and knowledge on the interannual and seasonal variation of the seasonal variation of rainfall, to say nothing of in- terannual variations. In this paper, seasonal and interannual variation of rain over Mongolia will be analyzed using twice daily Corresponding author address: Hiroyuki Iwasaki, Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma precipitation data. As a result of the analysis, we found 371-8510, Japan. that there is a break in a Mongolian rainy season in the E-mail: [email protected] middle of July, which had not been previously reported. © 2006 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 05:27 PM UTC JCLI3806 15 JULY 2006 I W A SAKI AND NII 3395 FIG. 1. Location of surface meteorological stations and their annual precipitation. The purpose of this paper is to report the existence of neighboring stations. Therefore, most of erroneous val- the break in Mongolian rainy season, and to discuss its ues in this dataset are missing values. Some outliers possible mechanism. naturally remain after this simple quality control check. However, these outliers did not affect the results of the present study, because the essential features of break in 2. Data the Mongolian rainy season can be well recognized by Data used in the present analysis are a surface me- the analysis when the questionable values are removed. teorological dataset provided by the Institute of Meteo- Any years that contained more than five erroneous rology and Hydorology, Mongolia, sonde data at Ulann- values, including missing values from April to Septem- baator, Mongolia, and the National Centers for Environ- ber, are omitted from the dataset. After the screening, mental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric the number of stations in which 7, 8, and 9 yr of data Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data. survived are 8, 37, and 47, respectively. These 92 sta- The surface meteorological dataset contains 3-hourly tions are used for the present analysis (Fig. 1). Since air temperature, 3-hourly relative humidity, and twice- this paper will focus on the decrease in rainfall in July, daily precipitation values from 1993 to 2001 for 103 data quality in July should be examined. Figure 2 shows stations. Since there are more than a few erroneous number of erroneous data after screening every 10-day values in the dataset, including missing values, precipi- period. The number of erroneous data is relatively tation data are carefully screened before the analysis small in July, which means that data quality is good for each station. enough to discuss the decrease in rainfall in rainy sea- There are some obvious errors. The same twice-daily sons. precipitation are recorded for several consecutive days, Twice-daily precipitation values are compiled into and these values are discarded (two cases). Further- more, a simple quality control check is performed on precipitation extremes for each station and each month. In the first step, data that are 6 times greater than the standard deviation are flagged. Second, these question- able values are compared with data from neighboring stations and the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) infrared imagery from 1995 to 2003. As a result of comparison, all questionable values are regarded as signals because they were associated with mesoscale to synoptic-scale disturbances on GMS infrared imagery FIG. 2. Time series of the number of erroneous data including and/or a certain precipitaion were recorded in the missing values after data screening. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 05:27 PM UTC 3396 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 19 10-day rainfall for the analysis, which is a rather coarse temporal resolution. However, since a possible mecha- nism of the break in the rainy season is the stationary Rossby wave with a period of about 40 days (discussed in section 5), the 10-day rainfall period has enough resolution to compare with the stationary Rossby wave. 3. Definition of a break in the rainy season for each meteorological station a. A break in the Mongolian rainy season Mongolia is located in a transition zone for vegeta- tion, where it ranges from taiga forest in the north to desert in the south. Furthermore, mean annual precipi- tation decreases from north to south (Fig. 1). Annual precipitation exceeds 350 mm in the taiga vegetation zone and is less than 100 mm in the desert vegetation zone. Figure 3 shows the seasonal variation of area- FIG. 4. Time series of mean 10-day rainfall at (a) Bayanchand- anima and (b) Khanbogd. Averaged periods of Bayanchandanima mean rainfall averaged for three different time scales. and Khanbogd are 8 and 9 yr, respectively. Mean rainfall increases rapidly from the beginning of June and decreases rapidly in the middle of August. About 70%–80% of the annual precipitation amount occurs from June to August, which is referred to as the “Mongolian rainy season” in this paper. There is a local minimum in the middle of July in Figs. 3a–c, which is a “break” in the Mongolian rainy season. The frequency of rainy days also decreases in the middle of July regardless of rain intensity, however, the decrease is larger in intensive rain. Some previous climatological studies described seasonal variation of rainfall using monthly mean values (e.g., Hilbig 1995). However, the break in the rainy season had not been reported since a shorter-term average is required to see it. Figure 4 shows typical seasonal variation of mean 10-day rainfall at Bayanchandanima (BA in Fig. 1) with high annual precipitation in the forest steppe vegeta- tion zone and Khanbogd (KB in Fig. 1) with low annual precipitation in the desert vegetation zone. Mean 10- day rainfall at Bayanchandanima in Fig. 4a reaches a maximun in the beginning of July (the first maximum), decreases to 1/3 the first maximum value in the middle of July (break), and recovers in the beginning of Au- gust (the second maximum). The rainfall at Khanbogd in the desert also has a clear break surrounded by two maxima. The break is unrelated to the difference in annual precipitation. Figure 5 shows the time series of twice-daily rainfall for these two stations in 1994, 1996, and 1999 when the FIG. 3. Seasonal change of (a) mean daily, (b) pentad, and (c) 10-day precipitation averaged for 92 stations. The arrow indicates break was well recognized along 110°–115°E. It is dif- the “break” in the Mongolian rainy season. ficult to determine the break period exactly for each Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 05:27 PM UTC 15 JULY 2006 I W A SAKI AND NII 3397 FIG.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability in Response to Precession During the Past 150 000 Yr
    Clim. Past, 9, 2777–2788, 2013 Open Access www.clim-past.net/9/2777/2013/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-9-2777-2013 © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. of the Past The East Asian winter monsoon variability in response to precession during the past 150 000 yr M. Yamamoto1,2, H. Sai2,3, M.-T. Chen4, and M. Zhao5 1Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 2Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 3Present address: Hitachi Advanced Systems Corporation. Yokohama 244-0817, Japan 4Institute of Applied Geosciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan 5Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Correspondence to: M. Yamamoto ([email protected]) Received: 5 July 2013 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 26 July 2013 Revised: 5 November 2013 – Accepted: 7 November 2013 – Published: 13 December 2013 Abstract. The response of the East Asian winter monsoon 1 Introduction variability to orbital forcing is still unclear, and hypothe- ses are controversial. We present a 150 000 yr record of sea surface temperature difference (1SST) between the South The Asian monsoon is the largest monsoon system on Earth China Sea and other Western Pacific Warm Pool regions as (e.g. Wang et al., 2003). It consists of the East Asian and a proxy for the intensity of the Asian winter monsoon, be- Indian monsoons and is dynamically linked with the Aus- cause the winter cooling of the South China Sea is caused tralian and African monsoons.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Variability of the Asian Monsoon and Its Potential Linkage with Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau Ryuji Tada1*, Hongbo Zheng2 and Peter D
    Tada et al. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2016) 3:4 DOI 10.1186/s40645-016-0080-y REVIEW Open Access Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau Ryuji Tada1*, Hongbo Zheng2 and Peter D. Clift3 Abstract Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and its linkage with the evolution of the Asian monsoon has been regarded as a typical example of a tectonic–climate linkage. Although this linkage remains unproven because of insufficient data, our understanding has greatly advanced in the past decade. It is thus timely to summarize our knowledge of the uplift history of the HTP, the results of relevant climate simulations, and spatiotemporal changes in the Indian and East Asian monsoons since the late Eocene. Three major pulses of the HTP uplift have become evident: (1) uplift of the southern and central Tibetan Plateau (TP) at ca. 40–35 Ma, (2) uplift of the northern TP at ca. 25–20 Ma, and (3) uplift of the northeastern to eastern TP at ca. 15–10 Ma. Modeling predictions suggest that (i) uplift of the southern and central TP should have intensified the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the Somali Jet at 40–35 Ma; (ii) uplift of the northern TP should have intensified the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM), as well as the desertification of inland Asia at 25–20 Ma; and (iii) uplift of the northeastern and eastern TP should have further intensified the EASM and EAWM at 15–10 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • East Asian Monsoon and Paleoclimatic Data Analysis: a Vegetation Point of View
    Clim. Past, 4, 137–145, 2008 www.clim-past.net/4/137/2008/ Climate © Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under of the Past the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. East Asian Monsoon and paleoclimatic data analysis: a vegetation point of view J. Guiot1, Hai Bin Wu2,3, Wen Ying Jiang4, and Yun Li Luo5 1CEREGE, CNRS/Universite´ Paul Cezanne´ UMR 6635, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex France 2SKLL, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710075, China 3Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, UQAM, Montreal PQ, H3C 3P8 Canada 4Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029 Beijing, China 5Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China Received: 10 December 2007 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 20 February 2008 Revised: 27 May 2008 – Accepted: 11 June 2008 – Published: 26 June 2008 Abstract. First we review several syntheses of paleodata 1 Introduction (pollen, lake-levels) showing the climate variations in China and Mongolia from the last glacial maximum to Present and The past 21 000 years are a very interesting time period pe- in particular the precipitation increase at mid Holocene re- riod as it contains two extreme states of the climate. The lated to enhanced monsoon. All these results concur to a Last Glacial maximum (LGM, 21 000 years BP) is a cold and much enhanced monsoon on most of China during the first generally dry period driven by enlarged ice sheets and low at- half of the Holocene. Second we present, in some details, a mospheric CO2.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomical and Glacial Forcing of East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability
    Quaternary Science Reviews 115 (2015) 132e142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Astronomical and glacial forcing of East Asian summer monsoon variability * ** Youbin Sun a, b, , John Kutzbach c, , Zhisheng An a, b, Steven Clemens d, Zhengyu Liu c, Weiguo Liu a, Xiaodong Liu a, Zhengguo Shi a, Weipeng Zheng e, Lianji Liang a, Yan Yan a, Ying Li a a State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China b Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China c Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA d Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, USA e Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China article info abstract Article history: The dynamics of glacialeinterglacial monsoon variability can be attributed to orbitally induced changes in Received 19 November 2014 summer insolation and internal boundary conditions. However, the relative impacts of astronomical and Received in revised form internal factors on East Asian summer monsoon variability remain controversial. Here we combine proxy 11 March 2015 data and model results to evaluate the response of East Asian summer monsoon change to these forcings. Accepted 13 March 2015 d13C of loess carbonate, a sensitive summer monsoon proxy from the western Chinese Loess Plateau, Available online demonstrates coexistence of distinct 100-, 41- and 23-ka periods, in contrast to precession-dominated speleothem d18O records in South China. Model results indicate that insolation, ice and CO have distinct Keywords: 2 Chinese loess impacts on summer precipitation changes in East Asia, whereas their relative impacts are spatially fl East Asian summer monsoon different, with a relatively stronger insolation effect in south China and a more dominant ice/CO2 in uence Insolation in north China.
    [Show full text]
  • A Southward Withdrawal of the Northern Edge of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Around the Early 1990S
    Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters ISSN: 1674-2834 (Print) 2376-6123 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taos20 A southward withdrawal of the northern edge of the East Asian summer monsoon around the early 1990s Xiao-Cui ZHU, Yuan-Yuan GUO, Hai-Yan ZHANG, Xiu-Zhen LI, Rui-Dan CHEN & Zhi-Ping WEN To cite this article: Xiao-Cui ZHU, Yuan-Yuan GUO, Hai-Yan ZHANG, Xiu-Zhen LI, Rui-Dan CHEN & Zhi-Ping WEN (2018) A southward withdrawal of the northern edge of the East Asian summer monsoon around the early 1990s, Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 11:2, 136-142, DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2018.1410058 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2018.1410058 © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 28 Feb 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 181 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=taos20 ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2018 VOL. 11, NO. 2, 136–142 https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2018.1410058 OPEN ACCESS A southward withdrawal of the northern edge of the East Asian summer monsoon around the early 1990s ZHU Xiao-Cuia, GUO Yuan-Yuana, ZHANG Hai-Yana,b, LI Xiu-Zhena,c, CHEN Rui-Dana,c and WEN Zhi-Pinga,c,d aCenter for Monsoon and Environment Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; bSouth China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China; cJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Guangzhou, China; dInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The northern edge of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is identified using the pentad Received 15 September 2017 total column water vapor obtained from ERA-Interim reanalysis data during 1979–2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability on the Surface Cyclogenesis Over the East China Sea in Late Winter
    SOLA, 2011, Vol. 7, 129−132, doi:10.2151/sola.2011-033 129 Influence of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Variability on the Surface Cyclogenesis over the East China Sea in Late Winter Minako Shiota1, Ryuichi Kawamura2, Hiroaki Hatsushika3, and Satoshi Iizuka4 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan 2Section of Earth and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan 3Toyama Prefectural Environmental Science Research Center, Toyama, Japan 4National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Tsukuba, Japan cyclogenesis over the East China Sea has not been addressed. By Abstract analogy with the results of Yoshiike and Kawamura (2009), it may be assumed that the spatial distribution of the surface cyclogenesis Using data from the Japanese long-term Re-Analysis project over the East China Sea also concentrates or disperses in associa- (JRA-25) and the Japan Meteorological Agency Climate Data tion with the East Asian winter monsoon variability. The purpose Assimilation System (JCDAS), we examined how the East Asian of this study is to examine the possible influence of the East Asian winter monsoon variability regulates the surface cyclogenesis in winter monsoon variability on the surface cyclogenesis in the the vicinity of the East China Sea and the Kuroshio Current in vicinity of the East China Sea and the Kuroshio Current region. late winter. On a monthly basis, the surface cyclone occurrence has a tendency to concentrate over the East China Sea at the strong phase of the East Asian winter monsoon activity, while it 2.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Marine Environment Report for the NOWPAP Region (SOMER 2)
    State of the Marine Environment Report for the NOWPAP region (SOMER 2) 2014 1 State of Marine Environment Report for the NOWPAP region List of Acronyms CEARAC Special Monitoring and Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional Activity Centre COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DDTs Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane DIN, DIP Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus DO Dissolved Oxygen DSP Diarethic Shellfish Poison EANET Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia EEZ Exclusive Economical Zone FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FPM Focal Points Meeting GDP Gross Domestic Product GIWA Global International Waters Assessment HAB Harmful Algal Bloom HCHs Hexachlorcyclohexane compounds HELCOM Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HNS Hazardous Noxious Substances ICARM Integrated Coastal and River Management IGM Intergovernmental Meeting IMO International Maritime Organization 2 JMA Japan Meteorological Agency LBS Land Based Sources LOICZ Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone MAP Mediterranean Action Plan MERRAC Marine Environmental Emergency Preparedness and Response Regional Activity Center MIS Marine invasive species MTS MAP Technical Report Series NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan NOWPAP Northwest Pacific Action Plan OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic PAHs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCBs PolyChloro-Biphenyles PCDD/PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/ Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of East Asian Summer Monsoon Seasonality
    15 SEPTEMBER 2020 C H I A N G E T A L . 7945 Origins of East Asian Summer Monsoon Seasonality J. C. H. CHIANG AND W. KONG Department of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, California C. H. WU Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Downloaded from http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/33/18/7945/4990290/jclid190888.pdf by guest on 17 August 2020 D. S. BATTISTI Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Manuscript received 27 November 2019, in final form 27 March 2020) ABSTRACT The East Asian summer monsoon is unique among summer monsoon systems in its complex seasonality, exhibiting distinct intraseasonal stages. Previous studies have alluded to the downstream influence of the westerlies flowing around the Tibetan Plateau as key to its existence. We explore this hypothesis using an atmospheric general circulation model that simulates the intraseasonal stages with fidelity. Without a Tibetan Plateau, East Asia exhibits only one primary convective stage typical of other monsoons. As the plateau is introduced, the distinct rainfall stages—spring, pre-mei-yu, mei-yu, and midsummer—emerge, and rainfall becomes more intense overall. This emergence coincides with a pronounced modulation of the westerlies around the plateau and extratropical northerlies penetrating northeastern China. The northerlies meridio- nally constrain the moist southerly flow originating from the tropics, leading to a band of lower-tropospheric convergence and humidity front that produces the rainband. The northward migration of the westerlies away from the northern edge of the plateau leads to a weakening of the extratropical northerlies, which, coupled with stronger monsoonal southerlies, leads to the northward migration of the rainband.
    [Show full text]
  • East Asian Monsoon and Paleovegetation
    Clim. Past Discuss., 4, 213–231, 2008 www.clim-past-discuss.net/4/213/2008/ Climate of the Past CPD © Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under Discussions 4, 213–231, 2008 the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Climate of the Past Discussions is the access reviewed discussion forum of Climate of the Past East Asian monsoon and paleovegetation J. Guiot et al. East Asian Monsoon and paleoclimatic Title Page data analysis: a vegetation point of view Abstract Introduction Conclusions References J. Guiot1, W. Haibin2,3, J. Wenying4, and L. Yunli5 Tables Figures 1CEREGE, CNRS/Universite´ Paul Cezanne´ UMR 6635, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex, France 2SKLL, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710075, China J I 3Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, UQAM, Montreal´ PQ, H3C 3P8 Canada J I 4Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 634, 100029 Beijing, China Back Close 5 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China Full Screen / Esc Received: 10 December 2007 – Accepted: 22 January 2008 – Published: 20 February 2008 Correspondence to: J. Guiot ([email protected]) Printer-friendly Version Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Interactive Discussion 213 Abstract CPD First we review several syntheses of paleodata (pollen, lake-levels) showing the climate variations in China and Mongolia from the last glacial maximum to Present and in 4, 213–231, 2008 particular the precipitation increase at mid Holocene related to enhanced monsoon. 5 All these results concur to a much enhanced monsoon on most of China during the East Asian monsoon first half of the Holocene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Using Tree-Ring Chronology from the Southern Coast of Korea to Reconstruct the Climate of Subtropical Western North Pacific: a Pilot Study
    atmosphere Article The Potential of Using Tree-Ring Chronology from the Southern Coast of Korea to Reconstruct the Climate of Subtropical Western North Pacific: A Pilot Study Min-Seok Kim 1 , Peng Zhang 1,2, Sung-Ho Woo 1, Youngdae Koh 1, Hans W. Linderholm 2 and Jee-Hoon Jeong 1,* 1 Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; [email protected] (M.-S.K.); [email protected] (P.Z.); [email protected] (S.-H.W.); [email protected] (Y.K.) 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-62-530-3466; Fax: +82-62-530-3469 Received: 11 August 2020; Accepted: 9 October 2020; Published: 11 October 2020 Abstract: Tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies have successfully been used as climate proxies to infer climate variabilities over the past hundreds to thousands of years worldwide beyond observational records. However, these data are scarce over parts of subtropical East Asia, and especially over the Korean Peninsula. In this pilot study, Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc.) TRW chronologies from Mt. Mudeung and Mt. Wolchul, South Korea, were developed, and their local- to large-scale climatic responses were investigated. Mt. Mudeung TRW had a positive association with local temperature in the preceding December and April. Mt. Wolchul TRW had a positive association with local temperature in the preceding December and most of the early summer to autumn months, and with local precipitation in February and October. On a large scale, both TRWs retained meaningful temperature and monsoon precipitation signals over East Asia and sea surface temperature signals over the Western North Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of East Asian Summer Monsoon Seasonality
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Origins of East Asian Summer Monsoon Seasonality 9 J. C. H. Chiang1y, C. H. Wu2, W. Kong1 and D.S. Battisti3 10 11 12 1 Dept. of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, 13 Berkeley, CA 14 2 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 15 3 Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 16 17 18 19 20 21 Submitted to Journal of Climate, May 2018 y Corresponding author: John Chiang 547 McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4740 [email protected] 22 Abstract 23 The East Asian summer monsoon is unique amongst summer monsoon systems in its complex 24 seasonality, exhibiting distinct intraseasonal stages. Previous studies have alluded to the 25 downstream influence of the westerlies flowing around the Tibetan Plateau as key to its 26 existence. We explore this hypothesis using an atmospheric general circulation model that 27 simulates the intraseasonal stages with fidelity. Without a Tibetan Plateau, East Asia exhibits 28 only one primary convective stage typical of other monsoons. As the Plateau is introduced, the 29 distinct rainfall stages - Spring, Pre-Meiyu, Meiyu, and Midsummer - emerge, and rainfall 30 becomes more intense. This emergence co-incides with a pronounced modulation of the 31 westerlies around the Plateau and extratropical northerlies penetrating northeastern China. 32 The northerlies meridionally constrain the moist southerly flow originating from the tropics, 33 leading to a band of confluence and humidity front that produces the rainband. The northward 34 migration of the westerlies away from the northern edge of the Plateau leads to a weakening of 35 the extratropical northerlies, which, coupled with stronger monsoonal southerlies, leads to the 36 northward migration of the humidity front and hence the Meiyu.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Indian and East Asian Summer Rainfall Variations
    ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, VOL. 34, JANUARY 2017, 4–15 • Review • Relationship between Indian and East Asian Summer Rainfall Variations Renguang WU∗1,2 1Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China (Received 17 August 2016 revised 18 September 2016; accepted 26 September 2016) ABSTRACT The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons are two components of the whole Asian summer monsoon system. Previous studies have indicated in-phase and out-of-phase variations between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The present study reviews the current understanding of the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The review covers the relationship of northern China, southern Japan, and South Korean summer rainfall with Indian summer rainfall; the atmospheric circulation anomalies connecting Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations; the long-term change in the connection between Indian and northern China rainfall and the plausible reasons for the change; and the influence of ENSO on the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall and its change. While much progress has been made about the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations, there are several remaining issues that need investigation. These include the processes involved in the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, the non-stationarity of the connection and the plausible reasons, the influences of ENSO on the relationship, the performance of climate models in simulating the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, and the relationship between Indian and East Asian rainfall intraseasonal fluctuations.
    [Show full text]