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Diversity of Finfish Species in the Scotia-Fundy Region

M. Strong and A. Hanke

Biological Station St. Andrews, N. B. EOG 2X0

January 1995

Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2017 oril" ac) 3 Fee pi-G2,e/7.

Fisheries Pêches 141 and Oceans et Océans Canadâ Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2017

January 1995

Diversity of Finfish Species in the Scotia-Fundy Region

by

Michael Strong and Alex Hanke

Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Station St. Andrews, New Brunswick EOG 2X0 Canada

This is the two hundred and eighteenth Technical Report of the Biological Station, St. Andrews, N. B. ii

© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Cat. No. Fs 97-612017E ISSN 0706-6457

Correct citation for this publication:

Strong, M., and A. Hanke. 1995. Diversity of finfish species in the Scotia-Fundy Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2017: viii + 106 p. III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Abstract ...... vi Introduction ...... 1 Methods ...... 1 Data source ...... 1 Vessels and sampling gear ...... 1 Fishing protocols ...... : ...... 1 Data analysis ...... 1 Results ...... 4 Data analysis ...... 4 General summaries by stratum ...... 8 Discussion ...... 31 Effects of sampling intensity and gear performance ...... 31 Factors related to diversity ...... 32 Implications for resource management ...... 33 Conclusions ...... 33 Acknowledgments ...... 33 References ...... 34 Tables ...... 35 Figures ...... 48 iv

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Summary by stratum of summer survey sampling effort, mean number of species per tow, total number of species observed since 1970, percentage of species determined as long-term residents and mean number of species observed per year since 1984 35

Table 2. Summary of summer survey data by stratum in 4-yr time periods from 1970. (A) number of tows fished, (B) mean number of species per tow, and (C) species reported per time period 36

Table 3. Common and scientific names of species in Scotia-Fundy 37

Table 4. Summary of seasonal survey data from 1979-85. (A) the number of tows fished, (B) the mean number of species per tow, and (C) the number of species reported per season 46

Table 5. Residency status by stratum of species compliment by season. The total number of species observed by stratum from all seasonal surveys, the percentage of species occurring in spring, the percentage of species occurring in summer, the percentage of species occurring in fall, the percentage of species occurring in all seasons 47 v

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Fig. 1. Scotia-Fundy summer survey stratification scheme ...... 48 Fig. 2. Offshore banks and basins of the Scotia-Fundy Region ...... 48 Fig. 3. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 440-445 .. 49 Fig. 4. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 446-451 .. 49 Fig. 5. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 452-457 .. 49 Fig. 6. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 458-463 .. 49 Fig. 7. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 464-472 .. 50 Fig. 8. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 473-478 .. 50 Fig. 9. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 480-485 .. 50 Fig. 10. Cumulative number of species reported per stratum from summer data for strata 490-495 . . 50 Fig. 11. Sampling effort and effectiveness per stratum from summer data for strata 440-495 ...... 51 Fig. 12. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1970-73 ...... 52 Fig. 13. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1974-77 ...... 52 Fig. 14. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1978-81 ...... 53 Fig. 15. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1982-85 ...... 53 Fig. 16. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1986-89 ...... 54 Fig. 17. Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1990-93 ...... 54 Fig. 18. Trend in mean number of species per tow 1970-93 ...... 55 Fig. 19. Species composition of stratum 440 in summer 1970-93 ...... 56 Fig. 20. Species composition of stratum 441 in summer 1970-93 ...... 56 Fig. 21. Species composition of stratum 442 in summer 1970-93 ...... 57 Fig. 22: Species composition of stratum 443 in summer 1970-93 ...... 57 Fig. 23: Species composition of stratum 444 in summer 1970-93 ...... 58 Fig. 24: Species composition of stratum 445 in summer 1970-93 ...... 58 Fig. 25: Species composition of stratum 446 in summer 1970-93 ...... 59 Fig. 26: Species composition of stratum 447 in summer 1970-93 ...... 59 Fig. 27: Species composition of stratum 448 in summer 1970-93 ...... 60 Fig. 28: Species composition of stratum 449 in summer 1970-93 ...... 60 Fig. 29: Species composition of stratum 450 in summer 1970-93 ...... 61 Fig. 30: Species composition of stratum 451 in summer 1970-93 ...... 61 Fig. 31: Species composition of stratum 452 in summer 1970-93 ...... 62 Fig. 32: Species composition of stratum 453 in summer 1970-93 ...... 62 Fig. 33: Species composition of stratum 454 in summer 1970-93 ...... 63 Fig. 34: Species composition of stratum 455 in summer 1970-93 ...... 63 Fig. 35: Species composition of stratum 456 in summer 1970-93 ...... 64 Fig. 36: Species composition of stratum 457 in summer 1970-93 ...... 64 Fig. 37: Species composition of stratum 458 in summer 1970-93 ...... 65 Fig. 38: Species composition of stratum 459 in summer 1970-93 ...... 65 Fig. 39: Species composition of stratum 460 in summer 1970-93 ...... 66 Fig. 40: Species composition of stratum 461 in summer 1970-93 ...... 66 Fig. 41: Species composition of stratum 462 in summer 1970-93 ...... 67 Fig. 42: Species composition of stratum 463 in summer 1970-93 ...... 67 Fig. 43: Species composition of stratum 464 in summer 1970-93 ...... 68 Fig. 44: Species composition of stratum 465 in summer 1970-93 ...... 68 Fig. 45: Species composition of stratum 466 in summer 1970-93 ...... 69 Fig. 46: Species composition of stratum 470 in summer 1970-93 ...... 69 Fig. 47: Species composition of stratum 471 in summer 1970-93 ...... 70 Fig. 48: Species composition of stratum 472 in summer 1970-93 ...... 70 Fig. 49: Species composition of stratum 473 in summer 1970-93 ...... 71 Fig. 50: Species composition of stratum 474 in summer 1970-85 ...... 71 vi

Figure Legends (cont'd)

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Fig. 51: Species composition of stratum 475 in summer 1970-93 72 Fig. 52: Species composition of stratum 476 in summer 1970-93 72 Fig. 53: Species composition of stratum 477 in summer 1970-93 73 Fig. 54: Species composition of stratum 478 in summer 1970-93 73 Fig. 55: Species composition of stratum 480 in summer 1970-93 74 Fig. 56: Species composition of stratum 481 in summer 1970-93 74 Fig. 57: Species composition of stratum 482 in summer 1970-93 75 Fig. 58: Species composition of stratum 483 in summer 1970-93 75 Fig. 59: Species composition of stratum 484 in summer 1970-93 76 Fig. 60: Species composition of stratum 485 in summer 1970-93 76 Fig. 61: Species composition of stratum 490 in summer 1970-93 77 Fig. 62: Species composition of stratum 491 in summer 1970-93 77 Fig. 63: Species composition of stratum 492 in summer 1970-93 78 Fig. 64: Species composition of stratum 493 in summer 1970-93 78 Fig. 65: Species composition of stratum 494 in summer 1970-93 79 Fig. 66: Species composition of stratum 495 in summer 1970-93 79 Fig. 67: Relative species diversity and inventory by stratum " 80 Fig. 68: Spatial patterns of diversity in spring 1979-85 81 Fig. 69: Spatial patterns of diversity in summer 1979-85 81 Fig. 70: Spatial patterns of diversity in fall 1979-85 81 Fig. 71: Species composition of stratum 440 by season 1979-85 82 Fig. 72: Species composition of stratum 441 by season 1979-85 82 Fig. 73: Species composition of stratum 442 by season 1979-85 83 Fig. 74: Species composition of stratum 443 by season 1979-85 83 Fig. 75: Species composition of stratum 444 by season 1979-85 84 Fig. 76: Species composition of stratum 445 by season 1979-85 84 Fig. 77: Species composition of stratum 446 by season 1979-85 85 Fig. 78: Species composition of stratum 447 by season 1979-85 85 Fig. 79: Species composition of stratum 448 by season 1979-85 86 Fig. 80: Species composition of stratum 449 by season 1979-85 86 Fig. 81: Species composition of stratum 450 by season 1979-85 87 Fig. 82: Species composition of stratum 451 by season 1979-85 87 Fig. 83: Species composition of stratum 452 by season 1979-85 88 Fig. 84: Species composition of stratum 453 by season 1979-85 88 Fig. 85: Species composition of stratum 454 by season 1979-85 89 Fig. 86: Species composition of stratum 455 by season 1979-85 89 Fig. 87: Species composition of stratum 456 by season 1979-85 90 Fig. 88: Species composition of stratum 457 by season 1979-85 90 Fig. 89: Species composition of stratum 458 by season 1979-85 91 Fig. 90: Species composition of stratum 459 by season 1979-85 91 Fig. 91: Species composition of stratum 460 by season 1979-85 92 Fig. 92: Species composition of stratum 461 by season 1979-85 92 Fig. 93: Species composition of stratum 462 by season 1979-85 93 Fig. 94: Species composition of stratum 463 by season 1979-85 93 Fig. 95: Species composition of stratum 464 by season 1979-85 94 Fig. 96: Species composition of stratum 465 by season 1979-85 94 Fig. 97: Species composition of stratum 466 by season 1979-85 95 Fig. 98: Species composition of stratum 470 by season 1979-85 95 Fig. 99: Species composition of stratum 471 by season 1979-85 96 Fig. 100: Species composition of stratum 472 by season 1979-85 96 Fig. 101: Species composition of stratum 473 by season 1979-85 97 Vii

Figure Legends (cont'd)

Page

Fig. 102: Species composition of stratum 474 by season 1979-85 ...... 97 Fig. 103: Species composition of stratum 475 by season 1979-85 ...... 98 Fig. 104: Species composition of stratum 476 by season 1979-85 ...... 98 Fig. 105: Species composition of stratum 477 by season 1979-85 ...... 99 Fig. 106: Species composition of stratum 478 by season 1979-85 ...... 99 Fig. 107: Species composition of stratum 480 by season 1979-85 ...... 100 Fig. 108: Species composition of stratum 481 by season 1979-85 ...... 100 Fig. 109: Species composition of stratum 482 by season 1979-85 ...... 101 Fig. 110: Species composition of stratum 483 by season 1979-85 ...... 101 Fig. 111: Species composition of stratum 484 by season 1979-85 ...... 102 Fig. 112: Species composition of stratum 485 by season 1979-85 ...... 102 Fig. 113: Species composition of stratum 490 by season 1979-85 ...... 103 Fig. 114: Species composition of stratum 491 by season 1979-85 ...... 103 Fig. 115: Species composition of stratum 492 by season 1979-85 ...... 104 Fig. 116: Species composition of stratum 493 by season 1979-85 ...... 104 Fig. 117: Species composition of stratum 494 by season 1979-85 ...... 105 Fig. 118: Species composition of stratum 495 by season 1979-85 ...... 105 Fig. 119: Seasonal changes in species diversity and inventory ...... 106 VIII

ABSTRACT

Strong, M., and A. Hanke. 1995. Diversity of finfish species in the Scotia-Fundy Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2017: viii + 106 p.

Spatial and temporal trends in the diversity of finfish species were investigated from summer data collected on Scotia-Fundy bottom-trawl research surveys from 1970-93, and from spring and fall data collected from 1979-85.

To reveal time and spatial trends, contour plots of the number of species captured per representative survey set were created. The summer data indicated that the most diverse areas were found to exist in the Bay of Fundy and the in the "Gully" region east of Sable Island. The least diverse areas were found in the La Have Bank area, and in the mid-depth region south of Banquereau Bank. The season of highest diversity for most areas was the fall, while the Bay of Fundy was the highest area.

The relative complexity and dynamics of communities found in offshore regions was summarized by plots of their respective species composition, and the frequencies of occurrence of all species repo rted by time and season. Long-term decreases in the frequencies of occurrence of 26 species were detected in the sumrrter season, the most pronounced cases including smooth skate (Raja senta), thorny skate (Raja radiata), monkfish (Lophius americanus), cusk (Brosme brosme), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and wolffish (Anarhichas lupus).

RÉSUMÉ

Strong, M., and A. Hanke. 1995. Diversity of finfish species in the Scotia-Fundy Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2017: viii + 106 p.

Les tendances spatiales et temporelles des diverses espèces de poissons ont été étudiées à partir des données recueillies au cours des relevés effectués à l'aide de chaluts de fond dans la région de Scotia-Fundy durant l'été, de 1970 à 1993, et à partir de données recueillies le printemps et l'automne de 1979 à 1985.

Pour découvrir les tendances temporelles et spatiales, on a crée des tracé de contours du nombre d'espèces capturées par trait de chalut représentatif. Les données de l'été indiquaient que les régions les plus diversifiées se trouvaient dans la baie de Fundy et dans la région "Le Gully", à l'est de l'île de Sable. Les régions les m000ins diversifiées se trouvaient dans la région du banc de La Have et dans la région de mi-profondeur au sud du banc Banquereau. Dans la plupart des régions, l'automne était la saison la plus diversifiée et la baie de Fundy le secteur le plus riche.

La complexité relative et la dynamique des communautés trouvées dans les zones extracôtières ont été résumées en fonction des tracés de la composition respective des espèces, et la fréquence des occurrences de toutes les espèces a été signalée selon la saison et le moment. En été, on a décelé des diminutions à long terme de la fréquence des occurrences de 26 espèces, les cas les plus marqués étant notamment la raie lisse (Raja senta), la raie épineuse (Raja radiata), la baudroie (Lophius americanus), le brosme (Brosme brosme), l'aiglefin (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) et le poisson-loup (Anarhichas lupus). 1

INTRODUCTION when the "Lady Hammond" was used. All spring and fall surveys from 1979-85 were conducted The biodiversity of marine ecosystems is with the "Lady Hammond," the Western IIA being difficult to assess given their size and the used exclusively. inaccessibility of the organisms involved. The Scotia-Fundy bottom trawl surveys, although geared towards the assessment of commercially FISHING PROTOCOLS important groundfish, provides a means of studying a relatively large marine ecosystem. A tow duration of 30 min and speed of 3.5 knots was targeted for all survey sets, to The Scotia-Fundy summer survey achieve a towed distance of 1.75 naut mi. Warp stratification scheme, in place since 1970, was to depth ratios were adjusted on the "A.T. used to summarize the relative differences in the Cameron" to achieve a constant gear spread with finfish diversity of offshore areas. The scope of fishing depth, whereas a constant scope of 3:1 the database enabled the examination of the total was employed on the "Lady Hammond" and species composition of each area, and the "Alfred Needler." Only tows of a minimum 20 min frequency of occurrence for each species, by duration and maximum of 40 min were season (1979-85), and for summer data from considered representative provided there was no 1970-93. By examining seasonal and long-term damage to the trawl. For more documentation on summer data, it was possible to identify time survey protocols, refer to the Manual for Marine periods and localities that were the most dynamic Fish Bottom Trawl Surveys of the Scotia-Fundy or stable in terms of community structure. Region by M. Strong and S. Gavaris, available at the Biological Station, St. Andrews N.B. EOG 2X0. METHODS

DATA SOURCE DATA ANALYSIS

Canadian Department of Fisheries and Summer data 1970-93 Oceans bottom trawl surveys in the Scotia-Fundy Region have been conducted every summer Sampling effort and effectiveness since 1970, and every spring and fall from 1979 to 1985 for the Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine and Sampling effort was determined as the Bay of Fundy. The surveys used a stratified- ratio of the number of representative survey sets random sampling scheme of 48 strata (Fig. 1) to the stratum area. Cumulative distributions of numbered from 440-495, and the sampling strata the number of previously unobserved species per were defined on the basis of location (Fig. 2) and stratum were used to evaluate the effectiveness depth increments of 50 fath (Doubleday 1981). of the sampling in resolving true species Sampling effort was initially allocated based upon composition, recognizing this measure might also stratum area with a default of two stations for reflect changes in sampling effort and incidental small strata. Station allocation was subsequently visitations of exotic species. The rate at which adjusted according to the historic abundances of previously unobserved species were being cod, haddock and pollock. reported per stratum was determined by regression on these values since 1984. Those strata with the lowest slopes were considered the VESSELS AND SAMPLING GEAR best sampled.

The research vessel "A.T. Cameron" was Index of species diversity used from 1970-81 for summer surveys employing a Yankee 36 ottertrawl. In 1982, the A community is deemed to be highly "Lady Hammond" was used with an Atlantic diverse if it has many species and their Western IIA trawl, and thereafter, the "Alfred abundances are fairly even, and less so if it has Needler" with the same gear, except in 1990 few species and abundances of uneven 2 distribution (Pielou 1969). The relative diversity of resolved on the database, and may only be each stratum was assessed using the mean reported to the family level, or incorrectly to the number of species captured per tow. As a crude species level. These would include primarily measure of abundance, the frequencies of groups such as the Zoarcids (eelpouts), capture for each species per stratum was Myctophids (lanternfishes), the Rajids (skates), determined. Cottids (sculpins), Cyclopterids (lumpfish and seasnails), Agonids (alligatorfishes), and the Trends in diversity with time Stichaeids (blennies and shannies). Unresolved species are reported in this document as non- Contour mappinp of diversity by time period. specific categories as they are recorded in the The number of species captured per regional research surveys database, and are representative survey set and positional data indicated by the common name followed by "NS" were determined by 4-yr time period from 1970- or "unseparated" on the axis labels of the species 93. Contour plots were produced using Acon composition plots. software (Black 1993), which aggregated the data into 5 naut mi squares and performed contouring The species composition for each stratum by Delauney triangulation and an inverse was determined, and species were ranked distance weighted smoothing gradient algorithm according to their frequency of occurrence; a (Watson and Philip 1985). Areas considered as ratio of the total number of tows in which a having high diversity reported 15 species or more species was observed and the total number of per tow, and those of low diversity reported five valid tows for a given time period. The frequency or less. of occurrence of each species was calculated for each 4-yr period since 1970 to reveal trends with Long-term trends in diversity across time. strata. A median polish of the mean number of species per tow (mspt) in every stratum and year In order to assess the stability of the was used to reduce the observed values into summer communities found within each stratum, trend and residual components (Tukey 1977). species were classified as either residents or Residual values were tested for any remaining transients based on theirfrequency of occurrence year and stratum effects and the presence of a during the 24-yr sampling period, and the year by stratum interaction. The time series of percentage within each category was trend values was modeled using regression determined. The categories were defined as techniques. follows.

Species composition and frequency of Summer residents: Species were occurrence considered residents if they were present in four or more of the six time periods since 1970. Species identification was routinely performed at sea by Department of Fisheries and Summer transients: Species that Oceans staff using the current reference occurred in three or fewer time periods since literature. Verifications were performed when 1970 were regarded as transients. These species necessary by returning specimens to the Atlantic were typically of very low frequency, and Reference Centre. The degree of taxonomic consisted of incidental migrants or remnants of resolution tended to increase with time as more populations that were residents during another stringent sampling protocols were applied. A season. It is recognized that some species, due number of species originally grouped together to a restricted distribution within a stratum, low were later resolved into two or more species. abundance, or constraints of the sampling gear Examples of this include offshore hake and silver used, may not have been caught with sufficient hake, black-bellied rosefish and redfish (still a frequency to qualify as residents, even though grouping of three other species), red hake and they always inhabit a given stratum. white hake, little skate and winter skate, blueback herring and gaspereaux. A number of taxonomic Summer immigrants: Species that groups with many species still remain poorly occurred in the last three consecutive periods 3 with increasing frequency of occurrence were 481) occupy the 51-100 fath range between considered immigrants. banks and basins on the Scotian Shelf.

Summer emigrants: Species that did not Seasonal data 1979-85 appear in the last two time periods after successive decreasing frequencies of Contour mapping of diversity occurrence,were considered emigrants from that stratum. Using the same methods described under summer data, contour plots of the mean number Species diversity by strata group of species captured per tow from representative sets were plotted for the three seasons defined Strata were generally placed into five by the following aggregations: spring (February, groups based on their bathymetry and March, April), summer (June, July, August), and geography. The degree to which strata fall (September, October, November). characteristics were associated with species diversity was investigated by examining the Species composition and frequency of distribution of stratum groups relative to the total occurrence number of species reported per stratum and the mean number of species reported per tow. The The species composition and the strata were grouped as follows. frequencies of occurrence of each species was determined by season for each stratum from Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy: These spring, summer, and fall survey data. areas (strata 484, 485, 490-495) are generally Frequencies of occurrence were determined as under the influence of strong tidal mixing by the the ratio of the number of representative survey Fundy tides, and have the coastal influence of sets in which a given species was observed in a estuaries and river systems in the Bay of Fundy. given season relative to the number of representative survey sets performed in that Basins: These areas (strata 461, 471, season. 482, 483) were all >100 fath. LaHave (471) and Emerald (461) are landlocked by shallower Seasonal impact on species inventory Scotian Shelf strata. The Gulf of Maine basins and diversity (482, 483) are somewhat different as they are influenced by the Fundian Channel and the Bay The relative seasonal dynamics of the of Fundy tides. communities found in each stratum was assessed by determining the percentage of species that Banks: These areas (strata 447, 448, were present year round as opposed to those 455, 456, 458, 463, 464, 473, 474, 475, 480) that were seasonal in nature. The following were all under 50 fath, of relatively uniform groupings were used. bathymetry, and have been heavily exploited by bottom trawls for c,ommercially important species. Native: Species that were present within a stratum in all seasons sampled (spring, Edge: These areas (strata 440-446, 451- summer and fall). 453, 459, 466, 478) fringe the continental shelf, have great ranges in bathymetry, and are Seasonal: Species that were present influenced by external hydrography. Strata 440- within a stratum in two seasons or less. 446 are heavily influenced by waters discharged by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, while the remaining The seasonal effect on the total number strata are influenced by slope waters of the of species reported and the mean number of continental shelf. species per tow (diversity) was examined using the same strata groupings as the summer data. Mid-depth: These areas (strata 449, 450, 454, 457, 460, 462, 465, 470, 472, 476, 477, 4

RESULTS Species diversity by time period from contour plots DATA ANALYSIS The contour maps of species diversity for Summer Data the six time periods from 1970-93 indibated spatial and temporal shifts in diversity (Fig. 12- Sampling effort and its effectiveness 17). Note that because stratum boundaries are overlaid on each plot, individual strata or other The sampling effort per stratum was features such as banks or basins can be determined by the number of tows completed per identified using Figures 1 and 2 as keys. A naut mi2 since 1970 (Table 1), and by the summary of the sampling effort, the mean number of valid tows per 4-yr time period (Table number of species per tow, and total number of 2). The effectiveness of the sampling in providing species reported, by time period, can be found by a good assessment of the species composition of stratum in Table 2. The trends found in diversity the summer communities found within each by area and time are described below where the stratum was assessed by examining the time periods are: period 1 (1970-1973), period 2 cumulative distributions of new species since (1974-1977),period 3 (1978-1981), period 4 1970 (Fig. 3-10) and by the rate at which new (1982-1985), period 5 (1986-1989) and period 6 species were being reported per year since 1984 (1990-93). (Table 1). To summarize sampling effort and effectiveness, a distribution of strata by sampling Hiqh diversity areas. In time period 1, the density and the rate of new species acquisition is only area of high diversity was in the Bay of given in Fig. 11. Fundy. This region, associated with coastal Nova Scotia from Methegan to Digby (stratum 490), Most strata appeared to be well sampled expanded with time until the end of time period 3 for species composition, in that the rate at which and persisted until period 6 . By time period 4, new species were reported became low in the additional areas of high diversity developed later part of the sampling period despite the southwest of the Saint John river and southwest effect of improving taxonomic resolution, of Grand Manan and persisted until period 6. suggesting that the species composition of the samples were representative of the complete In the remainder of the Scotia-Fundy species inventories of the strata. The strata that region, centers of high diversity appeared in were poorly sampled included many of the edge periods 2-6, but none were as persistent in terms strata such as 440, 441, 442, 444, 445, 452 and of location as those in the Bay of Fundy. The 466. In most cases, ineffective sampling occurred "Gully" area (stratum 452) demonstrated high due to low sample densities. However, strata 452 diversity in periods five and six (1986-93). Other and 466 demonstrated high rates of species areas of periodic high diversity appeared to the acquisition in spite of relatively high sampling north and west of Middle Bank (periods 2,4,5 and effort. The Basin and Fundy strata appeared to 6), on northeast Emerald Basin (stratum 461; be well sampled with a minimum of sampling periods 4 and 6), along coastal Nova Scotia effort, with the exception of strata 482 and 484 (strata 470, 476, 481; periods 2, 4 and 5), west which are deep water regions in the Gulf of of Sable Island (strata 455, 456; periods 4, 5 and Maine. Most of the Banks strata appeared to be 6) and on northwest Western Bank (stratum 464; • adequately sampled except strata 448 period 6). (Banquereau Bank), 464 (Western Bank), 456 (Sable Island Bank) and 475 (Baccaro Bank), the Stratum diversities given for 4-yr last of which had a very high sampling density. increments (Table 2) revealed a period of high The mid-depth strata were generally well diversity between 1982 and 1985. Eighteen strata sampled except strata 460 and 465 which are recorded their highest diversity during this time, found north and south of Emerald Basin. compared to frequencies of 5-9 strata for the other time periods. 5

Low diversity areas. Several areas which affected only a single stratum. Pollock and demonstrated consistently low diversity herring increased in occurrence in 5 and 4 strata throughout the time series. These regions were respectively. LaHave Bank, Baccaro Bank and Roseway Bank (strata 473 to 477), the Emerald Bank area The most dynamic strata in terms of (strata 463, 465), the Misaine Bank area (strata diminishing frequencies of occurrence were strata 443, 444, 445), and the Banquereau Bank area 458 (6 species), 454, 459, 461 and 492 (5 (strata 447, 448, 449). species), 446, 462, 463, 466, 472, 473 and 477 (4 species) and 451, 456, 465, 470, 480 and 493 Long-term trends in diversity across (3 species). The most dynamic strata in terms of strata. A median polish of the mean number of recruiting new species were 485 (4 species) and species per tow in every stratum and year 453 (3 species). reduced the data into trend and residual components. An analysis of variance determined Although the frequency of occurrence that the residual component was devoid of any seemed to diminish for a greater number of year, strata or year by strata effects. A regression species and strata, the latest time periods of the trend values on time indicated a significant exhibited the greatest increase in the number of addition of new species between 1970-93 species captured per stratum (Table 2). Thus the (b=.039,P<.05 ; a=5.87, P<.05) (Fig. 18). The inventory of species may be increasing in the regression of trend values on the two halves of Scotia-Fundy Region even though certain species the time series resulted in a different are in decline. interpretation. During the period the Cameron was active (1970-81) there was no change in Species inventory and diversity by strata species per tow (b=-.017,P>.05 ; a=9.92, P<.05). group In the time period that the "Needier" was active (1982-93) there were more species per tow The stability of the species composition caught but also a significant decline since its of the summer communities with time was inception (b=-.059,P<.05 ; a=14.61). All examined by determining the percentages of regressions of the trend values on time for species that remained residents throughout the individual strata were identical to those above sampling period. The percentage of species per except for differences in the intercepts. stratum considered long-term residents ranged from 34-74%, and are reported in the general Species composition and frequency of summaries per stratum. Generally, the edge occurrence strata reflected the least stable summer community with only 44% of the species identified Species composition and frequency of as long term residents. This was followed by the occurrence by stratum are depicted in Fig. 19-66. basins (51.5%), banks (55.1%), mid-depth strata Common names of the species are used in these (55.4%) and the Fundy strata with 58.8% of the figures and in the following text, and the species qualifying as long-term residents. corresponding scientific names are listed in Table 3. The distribution of strata relative to the total species inventory and the number of mean The plots of frequency of occurrence by species captured per tow is depicted in Fig. 67. time period revealed a decreasing frequency of Letter symbols and stratum numbers were used occurrence for 26 species. The most severely to identify strata grouped together on the basis of affected species, in decreasing order of similarities in their bathymetry and geography. magnitude, were smooth skate (20 strata), thorny Based on frequency of capture and total species skate (12 strata), anglerfish (10 strata), cusk (9 inventory alone, similarities among the strata strata), haddock (8 strata), wolffish (7 strata), emerge that relate to the strata groups. halibut (6 strata), dogfish and witch (5 strata), and hagfish and white hake (4 strata). The trend The strata that repo rted a high species of increasing frequency of occurrence occurred inventory and demonstrated a high frequency of less often, with only 15 species affected, 13 of capture were best typified by the Bay of Fundy 6 and Edge strata. Examples of these strata springtime included a large area between the include 490, 493, 491, 452, 492, 485, 446, and Bacarro and LaHave banks that extended from 478. LaHave Basin to the edge of the Scotian Shelf (strata 477, 476, 477, 478, 466, 453), the Strata that reported a high species western edge of Western Bank (strata 462, 465), inventory with species of a low frequency of areas west of Middle Bank (strata 459, 462), capture was characteristic of the Edge and Mid- coastal Nova Scotia (stratum 470), northern depth strata. Examples of these strata included LaHave Basin (stratum 471), and the Gully area 442, 444, 465 and 466. (stratum 452). Areas of low diversity were apparent in the Misaine Bank area (strata 443, Strata that reported a low species 444, 445), Banquereau Bank (strata 447,448), inventory with species of average to high Laurentian Edge (strata 446, 449), Middle Bank frequency of capture were represented by all (stratum 458), Sable Island region (strata 455, groups including most of the Basin group, 456, 464), Emerald Bank (stratum 463), LaHave examples of these strata including 470, 476, 461 Bank (stratum 473) and Roseway Bank (stratum and 471. 474).

Strata that had a low species inventory Summer. A contour plot of the summer with species of a low frequency of capture were diversity can be found in Fig. 69. Areas of high best typified by the Banks group. Examples of diversity appeared to diminish in number and size these strata include 473, 449, 474, 475, 447 and in the summer season. High diversity 463. concentrations in the Bay of Fundy shifted southeastward from spring locations to strata 485 Seasonal data and 490, with smaller areas evident in strata 491 and 492. Other points of high diversity included Sampling adequacy an area north of Eastern Brown's Bank (stratum 481), the northeastern Emerald Basin area (strata The reader is cautioned that because the 460, 461), and an area north of Middle Bank number of species reported increases with the (stratum 459). Areas of low diversity included number of stations observed, that a valid coastal Cape Breton (stratum 442), the comparison of the number of species repo rted by Laurentian Edge (strata 440, 446, 449), the season for some strata may be biased due to Misaine Bank area (strata 443, 444, 445), large inequities in the number of stations Banquereau Bank (strata 447, 448), the Eastern observed per season, as in strata 440-444 (Table Sable Island area (strata 454, 455, 456, 457), 4). Inadequate sampling effort in the springtime southern Emerald area (strata 463, 465), LaHave may reflect fewer species relative to other Bank (stratum 473), Roseway Bank (stratum seasons for the edge strata (Fig. 119). These 474), and an area south of Brown's Bank areas are frequently inaccessible due to the (stratum 481). presence of pack ice in the spring, and consequently may never be sampled adequately. Fall. A contour plot of the spring diversity can be found in Fig. 70. The distribution of high diversity sites in the fall became more fragmented Contour mapping of species diversity than in the summer, but not to the extent found in the spring. Once again, the Bay of Fundy Spring. A contour plot of the springtime demonstrated the highest diversity. The diversity can be found in Fig. 68. The distribution distribution patterns within the Bay of Fundy of high diversity areas during this season was expanded and shifted relative to the summertime very fragmented with many small aggregations. to the interior of the bay, with a large The areas of highest diversity in the springtime concentration along the western borders of strata were primarily in the region south of Grand 494 and 495, bridging the bay from Saint John to Manan in the Bay of Fundy (strata 492 and 493), Digby. Another large region of high diversity with smaller areas represented in strata 485 and occurred along the southwestern coastal region 490. Other areas of high diversity during of Nova Scotia north of Brown's Bank (strata 476, 7

481, 485), a vestige of which was present in the summer and fall being the seasons with the most summer distribution. Other small patches were species reported. The number of species evident along the edge of the Scotian shelf reported in the edge strata was found to increase (strata 478, 466, 453, 451), the Gully (stratum dramatically from the spring to the summer, 452), central Western Bank (stratum 464), and in which may be indicative of the arrival of migratory the region of the Owl and the Cowpen in stratum visitors. However, the previously mentioned bias 462. Areas of low diversity included the Misaine in sampling may have caused under- Bank Region (strata 443, 444, 445), coastal Cape representation of the true species compliment in Breton (stratum 442), the eastern Sable Island the spring. The basin strata were noted to region (strata 455, 456), Middle Bank (stratum change little in the number of species reported by 458), the Emerald Bank area (strata 463, 465), season. LaHave Bank (stratum 478), Roseway Bank (stratum 474), and the western Brown's Bank A summary of the mean number of region (strata 480, 481). species captured per tow by stratum and season can be found in Table 4, and in the general Species composition and frequency of summaries by stratum. An examination of Fig. occurrence 119 reveals a trend for the mid-depth, edge and Fundy strata to decrease in diversity from spring The frequency of occurrence of all to summer, and then to increase from summer to species reported per stratum are depicted by fall. The banks and basins demonstrate a season in Figures 71-118. Common names of continuous increase in diversity from spring to species are used in these figures, and the fall, although the basins change little by season. corressponding scientific names are found in Table 3. Summary of high diversity strata by season Seasonal impact on species inventory and diversity The fall was generally the season of greatest diversity for the majority of strata. The The percentage of the total number of following is a summary of the strata exhibiting the species that occurred in a given season, and the greatest diversity by season. rate of residency of species that remained in all seasons, is reported by stratum in Table 5 and in Spring. The strata exhibiting the highest the general summaries. diversity in this season include strata 440, 443, 445, 446, 449, 450, 451, 459, 460, 462, 465, The rate of year-round residency ranged 466, 470, 471, 475, 476, 477, 482, 484 and 492. from 19-67%. When examined by strata group, Note that these strata were almost exclusively the edge strata were found to have the lowest deep and mid-depth areas, with the exception of with only 41.5% of the species reported present strata 443 and 475. in all seasons, representing the group most dynamic seasonally. This group was followed by Summer. The strata exhibiting the highest the basin strata (48.2%), Fundy and bank strata diversity in this season include strata 447, 455, (50.6%), and the mid-depth strata with 53.9%. 472, 474 and 483. These strata were bank areas except strata 472 and 483.

A summary of the number of species Fall. The strata exhibiting the highest reported and the diversity of each group of strata diversity in this season include strata 441, 442, by season is given in Fig. 119. The residency 444, 448, 452, 453, 454, 456, 457, 458, 461, rates by season and stratum (Table 5) indicate 463, 464, 473, 478, 480, 481, 485, 490, 491, that 27 strata experienced the highest number of 493, 494 and 495. With the exceptions of strata species in the fall, followed by 20 and 8 strata in 452, 453, 461, and 478, these strata were mainly the summer and spring, respectively. The groups shallow coastal, bank, and mid-depth areas. of strata that demonstrated the highest inventories were the edge and Fundy strata, with 8

GENERAL SUMMARIES BY STRATUM This stratum occupies the 51-100 fath contour inshore of stratum 440, and covers 1000 Stratum 440: The Laurentian Edge (north) naut mi2, about the average stratum area.

This stratum is found in depths >100 fath Sampling effort on summer surveys off Cape Breton along the Laurentian Channel, increased from 3-5 stations in 1985, with a total and occupies an area of 924 naut mi2, smaller of 85 stations fished successfully. This represents than the average stratum size of 1042 naut mi2. a sampling effort of 0.09 stations per naut miz, which below is the average sampling level of Sampling effort during summer surveys 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate increased in 1985 from 3 to 4 stations, with a of capture of new species since 1984 was total of 83 stations fished successfully. This relatively high at 1.28 species per year, indicating represents a sampling effort of 0.09 stations per that this stratum is poorly sampled for species naut mi2, below the average sampling level of composition (Table 1, Fig. 3, 11). The diversity of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture of the summer community as measured by the new species since 1984 was relatively high at mean number of species per tow from summer 1.12 species per year, indicating that this stratum survey data was about average at 9.1 ±0.4. is poorly sampled for species composition (Table 1 and Fig. 3, 11). A total of 49 species have been reported in this stratum from summer survey sets, above A total of 53 species have been reported the average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 20). in this stratum from summer surveys, well above Of the 49 species reported, 43% are classified as the average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 19). long term summer residents. The remaining 51% Of the total species reported, only 34% were are low frequency species classified as classified as long-term summer residents, the transients, being either visitors from another area remaining species being transient in nature. The or species normally found in another season. diversity of the summer community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, summer survey data was about average at 9.6 ± 47 species were reported ( Fig. 72). Of these, 0.3. 32% of the species were considered year-round residents, and the remainder as seasonal Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, species. The season reporting the most species 42 species were reported (Fig. 71). Of these, was the summer, with 79% present, in 36% were considered year-round residents, and comparison to 72% and 38% present in fall and the remainder as seasonal species. The season spring respectively (Table 5). The relative reporting the most species was the summer, with diversity by season from seasonal survey data as 88% present, in comparison to 76% and 43% measured by the mean number of species present in the fall and spring respectively (Table captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 5). The relative diversity by season from seasonal 10.7, followed by the spring and summer with 9.7 survey data as measured by the mean number of (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season species captured per tow was greatest in the include summer and fall natives like haddock and spring with 12, followed by 11 in the fall and 10 witch which are not present in the spring. in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season include marlin spike grenadiers, long-finned hake, hagfish, dogfish and striped woiffish as summer/fall residents. Other species like sea raven and northern wolffish are strictly springtime residents.

Stratum 441: Cape Breton mid-depths 9

Stratum 442: Coastal Cape Breton eelpout are strictly springtime residents. Fall species include silver hake and mackerel. This stratum is found in depths less than 50 fath east of Cape Breton and occupies an Stratum 443: Misaine Bank area 1437 naut mi2, slightly larger than the average stratum. This stratum is found in depths less than 50 fath in the Misaine Bank area and occupies Sampling effort during summer surveys an area 1318 naut mi2, slightly larger than the was historically maintained at 3 stations, but average stratum. This stratum is fragmented increased from 1985-93 to 6 stations, with a total within an area of mixed depths represented also of 88 stations fished successfully. This represents by stratum 444 (51-100 fath) and stratum 445 a sampling effort of 0.06 stations per naut mi2, (>100 fath), and therefore does not represent a which is less than the average of 0.12 stations single region. per naut mi2. The rate of capture of new species since 1984 was very high at 1.43 species per Sampling effort during summer surveys year, indicating that this stratum is poorly has remained unchanged at 4 stations, with a sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 3, total of 91 stations fished successfully. This 11). The diversity of the summer community as represents a sampling effort of 0.07 stations per measured by the mean number of species per naut mi2, which is below the mean of 0.12 tow from summer survey data was very low at stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of 5.6±0.3, which is far below the mean 9.1 for all capture of new species since 1984 was very low strata. at 0.38 species per year, indicating that this stratum is well sampled for species composition A total of 48 species have been reported (Table 1, Fig. 3, 11). The diversity of the summer in this stratum from summer surveys (Fig. 21). community as measured by the mean number of This is above the average of 40 species for all species per tow from summer survey data was strata. Of the 48 species reported from summer very low at 5.6±0.2, which is far below the mean surveys, only 35% were classified as long term of 9.1 for all strata. summer residents, the remaining species being A total of 35 species have been reported transient in nature. Of the long-term summer in this stratum from summer surveys (Fig. 22), residents, haddock and long-horned sculpins which is below the average of 40 species for all appear to be in serious decline. Of the transient strata combined. Of the 35 species reported from species, spiny dogfish appear to be potential summer surveys, 46% were classified as long immigrants as summer residents. term summer residents, the remaining species being transient in nature. Of the long term Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, summer residents, yellowtail and witch appear to 42 species were reported (Fig. 73). Of these, be in serious decline. only 19% of the species were considered year- round residents, and the remainder as seasonal Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, species. The season reporting the most species 37 species were reported (Fig. 74). Of these, was the summer, with 76% present, in 49% were considered year-round residents, and comparison to 67% and 26% present in fall and the remainder were classified as seasonal spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative species. The season reporting the most species diversity by season from seasonal survey data as was the summer, with 78% present, in measured by the mean number of species comparison to 70% and 62% in the fall and captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 7.4 spring respectively (Table 5). The relative species, followed by 6.3 in the summer and 5.3 diversity by season from seasonal survey data as in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly measured by the mean number of species influenced by season include summer and fall captured per tow was greatest in the spring with natives like thorny skate, haddock, white hake, 6.7 species, followed by 6.4 in the fall and 6.0 in smooth skate which all but disappear in the the summer (Table 4). Species strongly spring. Species like winter skate and arctic influenced by season include witch as a summer resident, lumpfish as spring resident, winter skate 10 as a summer/fall resident, and silver hake as a spring/fall resident, silver hake and winter skate strictly fall resident. as summer/fall residents, and sea raven as strictly a spring resident. Stratum 444: Eastern Shelf mixed depths 51- 100 fath Stratum 445: Eastern Shelf mixed depths >100 fat h This stratum is found in depths 51-100 fath in the Misaine Bank area and occupies an This stratum is found in depths >100 fath area 3,925 naut mi2, almost four times as large in the Misaine Bank area and occupies an area as the average stratum. This stratum is 1,023 naut mi2, about the average stratum size. fragmented within an area of mixed depths This stratum is fragmented within an area of represented also by stratum 443 (<51 fath) and mixed depths represented also by stratum 443 (1 stratum 445 (>100 fath), and therefore does not 50 fath) and stratum 444 (51-100 fath), and represent a single region. therefore does not represent a single region.

Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys increased from 4 to 8 stations in 1990, with a has remained unchanged at 4 stations, with a total of 127 stations fished successfully. This total of 99 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.03 stations per represents a sampling effort of 0.10 stations per naut mi2, which is far below the mean of 0.12 naut mi2, slightly below the average s«ampling stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of level of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture of new species since 1984 was very high capture of new species since 1984 was very high at 1.54 species per year, indicating that this at 1.25 species per year, indicating that this stratum is poorly sampled for species stratum is poorly sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 3, 11). The diversity of composition (Table 1, Fig. 3, 11). The diversity of the summer community as measured by the the summer community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer mean number of species per tow from summer survey data was very low at 7.5+0.3, which is survey data was average at 9.1+0.4. below the mean of 9.1 for all strata. A total of 57 species have been reported A total of 54 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, the highest in this stratum from summer surveys, above the level of all 48 sampling strata, well above the average of 40 for all strata combined (Fig. 23). Of average of 40 species (Fig. 24). Of the 57 the 54 species reported from summer surveys, species reported from summer surveys, 40% 43% were classified as long-term summer were classified as long-term summer residents, residents, the remaining species being transient the remaining species being transient in nature. in nature. Of the long-term summer residents, As a summer resident, haddock has only been haddock appear to be in serious decline. reported in the 1982-89 period.

Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 46 species were reported (Fig. 75). Of these, 54 species were reported (Fig. 76). Of these, 46% were considered year-round residents, and 46% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal . species. The season reporting the most species species. The season reporting the most species was the summer, with 82% of the species was the summer, with 83% of the species present, in comparison to 67% and 59% in the reported, in comparison to 72% and 59% in the fall and spring, respectively (Table 5). The fall and spring respectively (Table 5). The relative relative diversity by season from seasonal survey diversity by season from seasonal survey data as data as measured by the mean number of measured by the mean number of species species captured per tow was greatest in the fall captured per tow was greatest in the spring with with 9 species, followed by 8.6 in the spring and 11.2 species, followed by 10.4 in the fall and 8.9 7.8 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season include herring as a influenced by season include yellowtail, herring, 11 halibut and lumpfish as spring species, long- and 10.4 in the fall (Table 4). Species strongly finned hake as a summer/fall species, longhorned influenced by season include yellowtail, herring, sculpin and red hake as a spring/fall species, halibut and lumpfish as spring species, long- mailed sculpin as a fall species, and dogfish as finned hake as a summer/fall species, longhorned a summer species. sculpin and red hake as a spring/fall species, mailed sculpin as a fall species, and dogfish as Stratum 446: The Laurentian Edge (south) a summer species.

This stratum is found in depths >100 fath Stratum 447: East Banquereau Bank east of the Misaine Bank area along the Laurentian Edge and occupies an area 491 naut This stratum is found in depths < 50 fath mi2, about half the size of an average stratum. south of the Misaine Bank area and occupies an area of 1616 naut mi2, larger than the average Sampling effort during summer surveys stratum size of 1043 naut mi2. has remained unchanged at 3 stations, with a total of 70 stations fished successfully. This Sampling effort during summer surveys represents a sampling effort of 0.14 stations per has increased from 4 to 7 stations since 1986, naut mi2, above the average sampling level of with a total of 121 stations fished successfully. 0.12 stations per naut mi 2. The rate of capture of This represents a sampling effort of 0.08 stations new species since 1984 was relatively low at per naut mi2, lower than the average sampling 0.79 species per year, indicating that this stratum level of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of is adequately sampled for species composition capture of new species since 1984 was relatively (Table 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of the summer low at 0.65 species per year, indicating that this community as measured by the mean number of stratum is adequately sampled for species species per tow from summer survey data was composition (Table 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of higher than average at 10.4+0.4. the summer community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer A total of 49 species have been reported survey data was lower than average at 7.3+0.3. in this stratum from summer surveys, above the average of 40 species for all strata c,ombined A total of 32 species have been reported (Fig. 25). Of the 49 species reported from in this stratum from summer surveys, below the summer surveys, 43% were classified as long- average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 26). Of term summer residents, the remaining species the 32 species reported from summer surveys, being transient in nature. As summer residents, 50% were classified as long-term summer fourbeard rocklings and hagfish appear to be residents, the remaining species being transient diminished. Winter skate appear to be increasing in nature. As summer residents, silver hake, in occurrence as a summer residents. Dogfish mackerel and pollock have not been recorded and haddock, normally springtime residents, are since the 1986-89 period. Smooth skate, normally potential immigrants as long-term summer found year-round, appears diminished as a residents. summer resident.

Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 55 species were reported (Fig. 77). Of these, 26 species were reported (Fig. 78). Of these, 38% were considered year-round residents, and 50% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species species. The season reporting the most species was the fall, with 75% of the species reported, in was the fall, with 88% of the species reported, in comparison to 73% and 29% in the summer and comparison to 77% and 69% in the summer and spring respectively (Table 5). The relative spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from seasonal survey data as diversity by season from seasonal survey data as measured by the mean number of species measured by the mean number of species captured per tow was greatest in the spring with captured per tow was greatest in the summer 11.9 species, followed by 11.4 in the summer with 8 species, followed by 7.3 in the fall and 7.1 12 in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly Stratum 449: Southeastern Edge influenced by season include haddock, silver hake, witch, mackerel and angler as summer/fall This stratum is found in depths 51-100 species, and lumpfish as a spring species. fath southeast of the Banquereau Bank area and occupies an area of only 144 naut mi2, the Stratum 448: West Banquereau Bank smallest stratum.

This stratum is found in depths < 50 fath Sampling effort during summer surveys south of the Misaine Bank area and occupies an has remained constant at 2 stations per year area of 1449 naut mi2, slightly larger than the since 1970, with a total of 47 stations fished average stratum size. successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.32 stations per naut mi2, the highest sampling Sampling effort during summer surveys level of all strata. The rate of capture of new has increased from 4 to 7 stations since 1986, species since 1984 was relatively low at 0.15 with a total of 115 stations fished successfully. species per year, indicating that this stratum is This represents a sampling effort of 0.08 stations very well sampled for species composition (Table per naut mi2, lower than the average sampling 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of the summer level of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of community as measured by the mean number of capture of new species since 1984 was relatively species per tow from summer survey data was low at 0.88 species per year, indicating that this extremely low at 6.1+0.4. stratum is adequately sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of A total of 24 species have been reported the summer c,ommunity as measured by the in this stratum from summer surveys, far below mean number of species per tow from summer the average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 28). survey data was lower than average at 6.9+0.3. Of the 24 species reported from summer surveys, 58% were classified as long-term summer A total of 36 species have been reported residents, the remaining species being transient in this stratum from summer surveys (Fig. 27), in nature. As summer residents yellowtail and below the average of 40 species for all strata. Of smooth skate appear to be diminished. the 36 species reported from summer surveys, 45% were classified as long term summer Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, residents, the remaining species being transient 28 species were reported (Fig. 80). Of these, in nature. As summer residents, smooth skate 32% were considered year-round residents, and and silver hake appear to be diminished. the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, was the spring, with 79% of the species reported, 33 species were reported (Fig. 79). Of these, in comparison to 64% and 60% in the fall and 52% were considered year-round residents, and summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative the remainder were classified as seasonal diversity by season from seasonal survey data as species. The season reporting the most species measured by the mean number of species was the fall, with 88% of the species reported, in captured per tow was greatest in the spring with comparison to 73% and 64% in the summer and 8.9 species, followed by 6.8 in the fall and 6.4 in spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative the summer (Table 4). Species strongly diversity by season from seasonal survey data as influenced by season include witch as a measured by the mean number of species summer/fall species, winter skate, halibut, pollock captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 8.5 and wolffish as spring/summer species, and species, followed by 7.8 in the summer and 6.7 lumpfish as a spring species. in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season include haddock, silver Stratum 450: East Gully Slope hake, witch, redfish and white hake as summer/fall species, and lumpfish and pollock as This stratum is found in depths 51-100 a spring/fall species. fath southwest of the Banquereau Bank area and 13 occupies an area of 383 naut mi2, less than half Sampling effort during summer surveys the size of average strata. has remained at 2 stations per year, with a total of 47 stations fished successfully. This represents Sampling effort during summer surveys a sampling effort of 0.32 stations per naut mi2, has remained at 3 stations per year, with a total the second highest of all strata; the average of 69 stations fished successfully. This represents being 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The a sampling effort of 0.18 stations per naut mi2, rate of capture of new species since 1984 was higher than the average sampling level of 0.12 relatively low at 0.75 species per year, indicating stations per naut miz. The rate of capture of new that this stratum is well sampled for species species since 1984 was relatively low at 0.61 composition (Table 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of species per year, indicating that this stratum is the summer community as measured by the well sampled for species composition (Table 1, mean number of species per tow from summer Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of the summer survey data was 9.9+0.5, signifying slightly higher community as measured by the mean number of diversity relative to other strata which average 9.1 species per tow from summer survey data was species. slightly below average at 8.2±0.3. A total of 39 species have been reported A total of 36 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, slightly in this stratum from summer surveys, below the below the average of 40 species for all strata average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 29). Of (Fig. 30). Of the 39 species reported from the 36 species reported from summer surveys, summer surveys, 46% were classified as long- 50% were classified as long term summer term summer residents, the remaining species residents, the remaining species being transient being transient in nature. As summer residents, in nature. As summer residents, angler and marlin spike grenadiers, anglers and cusk appear hagfish appear to be diminished. Longhorn to be diminished. Spiny dogfish frequently sculpin, normally a springtime resident, appears occurred in the 1982-89 period, but have not to be increasing in occurrence. been reported since.

Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 40 species were reported (Fig. 81). Of these, 51 species were reported (Fig. 82). Of these, 48% were considered year-round residents, and 45% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species species. The season reporting the most species was the fall, with 75% species reported, in was the fall, with 78% of the species, in comparison to 70% and 68% in the summer and comparison to 61% in both the summer and spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative spring (Table 5). The relative diversity by season diversity by season from seasonal survey data as from seasonal survey data as measured by the measured by the mean number of species mean number of species captured per tow was captured per tow was greatest in the spring with greatest in the spring with 11.9 species, followed 10.8 species, followed by 10.7 in the fall and 8.7 by 9.9 in the fall and 9.9 in the summer (Table in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly 4). A species of high frequency strongly influenced by season include silver hake as a influenced by season is dogfish, a spring/summer summer/fall species, and lumpfish and longhorn species. sculpin as spring species. Stratum 452: The Gully Stratum 451: Scotian Shelf Edge (east) This small stratum is found in depths This stratum is found in depths >100 fath >100 fath southwest of Banquereau Bank in an south of the Banquereau Bank area and occupies area called "The Gully" and occupies an area of an area of only 147 naut miZ, the second smallest 345 naut miZ. The bathymetry of this region is stratum. This stratum is very narrow running east complex, and represents a major invagination of to west, bordering the southeastern edge of the the Scotian Shelf edge. Scotian Shelf. 14

Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 2 stations per year, decreased from 3 to 2 stations per year in 1987, with a total of 53 stations fished successfully. with a total of 64 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.15 stations This represents a sampling effort 0.25 stations per naut mi2, slightly above the average of 0.12 per naut mi2, well above the average of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture of new stations per naut miz for all strata. The rate of species since 1984 was relatively high at 1.1 capture of new species since 1984 was very low species per year, indicating that this stratum is at 0.22 species per year, indicating that this poorly sampled for species composition (Table 1, stratum is very well sampled for species Fig. 5, 11). The diversity of the summer composition (Table 1, Fig. 4, 11). The diversity of community as measured by the mean number of the summer community as measured by the species per tow from summer survey data was mean number of species per tow from summer 11.7±0.5, signifying higher diversity relative to survey data was 9.2±0.4, about average diversity other strata which average 9.1 species. relative to other strata.

A total of 45 species have been reported A total of 45 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, above the in this stratum from summer surveys, above the average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 31). Of average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 32). Of the 45 species reported from summer surveys, the 45 species reported from summer surveys, 49% were classified as long-term summer 47% were classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being transient residents, the remaining species being transient in nature. Yellowtail flounder were high frequency in nature. Three high frequency residents that summer visitors from the 1974-85 period, but have not been reported since the 1986-89 period have since disappeared. Herring have made are cusk, monkfish and lanternfishes. Smooth significant occurrences since 1986. skate and marlin spike grenadiers have similarly diminished in frequency of occurrence. Haddock, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, pollock and cod have all increased in frequency 54 species were reported (Fig. 83). Of these, of occurrence, and may be potential immigrants 39% were considered year-round residents, and as summer residents. the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, was the fall, with 76% species reported, in 55 species were reported ( Fig. 84). Of these, comparison to 63% and 57% in the summer and 47% were considered year-round residents, and spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative the remainder were classified as seasonal diversity by season from seasonal survey data as species. The season reporting the most species measured by the mean number of species was the fall, with 75% of the species reported, in captured per tow was greatest in the fall with comparison to 67% and 64% in the summer and 14.6 species, followed by 12.3 in the summer spring, respectively (Table 5). The relative and 12.1 in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly diversity by season from seasonal survey data as influenced by season include four beard rocklings measured by the mean number of species and hagfish as summer/fall species, cusk and captured per tow was greatest in the fall with yellowtail as spring/summer species, alewife, 12.8 species, followed by 12.7 in the spring and longhorn sculpins and lumpfish as spring species, 10.6 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly and herring and hookeared sculpins as fall influenced by season include lanternfishes as species. summer/fall species, spiny dogfish as spring/summer species, and little skate as a Stratum 453: Scotian Shelf Edge (Sable Island spring species. area) Stratum 454: Sable Slope This small stratum is found in depths >100 fath south of Sable Island along the edge of This small stratum is found in depths of the Scotian Shelf, and occupies an area of 259 51-100 fath south of Sable Island along the edge naut mi2. 15 of the Scotian Shelf, and occupies an area of 499 Stratum 455: Sable Island Bank (south) naut mi2. This stratum is found in depths of < 50 Sampling effort during summer surveys fath south of Sable Island, and occupies an area decreased from 3 to 2 stations per year in 1987, of 2122 naut m12, about twice the size of an with a total of 64 stations fished successfully. average stratum. This represents a sampling effort of 0.13 stations per naut m12, slightly above the average of 0.12 Sampling effort during summer surveys stations per naut m12 for all strata. The rate of was increased from 7 to 10 stations per year in capture of new species since 1984 was relatively 1990, with a total of 180 stations fished low at 0.67 species per year, indicating that this successfully. This represents a sampling effort of stratum is well sampled for species composition 0.09 stations per naut mi2, below the average of (Table 1, Fig. 5, 11). The diversity of the summer 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate community as measured by the mean number of of capture of new species since 1984 was species per tow from summer survey data was relatively low at 0.53 species per year, indicating 7.8+0.3, below the average of 9.1 species for all that this stratum is well sampled for species strata. composition (Table 1, Fig. 5, 11). The diversity of the summer community as measured by the A total of 37 species have been reported mean number of species per tow from summer in this stratum from summer surveys, below the survey data was 9.5+0.4, above the average of average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 33). Of 9.1 species for all strata. the 37 species repo rted from summer surveys, 46% were classified as long-term summer A total of 35 species have been reported residents, the remaining species being transient in this stratum from summer surveys, below the in nature. One summer resident that has not average of 40 species for all strata combined been reported since the 1986-89 period is sea (Fig. 34). Of the 35 species repo rted from raven. White hake, smooth skate, angler and summer surveys, 69% were classified as long- halibut have all seriously diminished in frequency term summer residents, the remaining species of occurrence as summer residents. Spiny being transient in nature. Monkfish, smooth skate dogfish was repo rted in high frequency in the and halibut have all seriously diminished in 1982 to 1989 period, but has since disappeared. frequency of occurrence as summer residents. Pollock are recent immigrants to this stratum and Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, are increasing in frequency of occurrence. 49 species were reported (Fig. 85). Of these, 39% were considered year-round residents, and Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, the remainder were classified as seasonal 34 species were repo rted (Fig. 86). Of these, species. The season reporting the most species 58% were considered year-round residents, and was the fall, with 82% of the species reported, in the remainder were classified as seasonal comparison to 59% in the summer and spring species. The season reporting the most species (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from is summer/fall, with 85% of the species reported, seasonal survey data as measured by the mean in comparison to 65% in the spring (Table 5). number of species captured per tow was greatest The relative diversity by season from seasonal in the fall with 11.1 species, followed by 8.9 in survey data as measured by the mean number of the spring and 8.3 in the summer (Table 4). species captured per tow was greatest in the Species strongly influenced by season include summer with 10.5 species, followed by 9.9 in the white hake, redfish and sea ravens as fall and 7.6 in the spring (Table 4). Species summer/fall species, spiny dogfish as strongly influenced by season include silver hake, spring/summer species, long-finned hake and gulf witch, red hake, mackerel, white hake and stream flounder as spring/fall species, and monkfish as summer/fall species, and lumpfish as lumpfish as a spring species. a spring species. 16

Stratum 456: Sable Island Bank (north) Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 2 stations per year, This stratum is found in depths of < 50 with a total of 54 stations fished successfully. fath north of Sable Island, and occupies an area This represents a sampling effort of 0.07 stations of 955 naut mi2, which is about average in area. per naut mi2, well below the average of 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of Sampling effort during summer surveys capture of new species since 1984 was relatively was increased from 6 to 8 stations per year in low at 0.82 species per year, indicating that this 1990, with a total of 146 stations fished stratum is adequately sampled for species successfully. This represents a sampling effort of composition (Table 1, Fig. 5, 11). The diversity of 0.15 stations per naut mi2, above the average of the summer community as measured by the 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate mean number of species per tow from summer of capture of new species since 1984 was survey data was 8.3+0.6, below the average of relatively high at 0.95 species per year, indicating 9.1 species for all strata. that this stratum is poorly sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 5, 11). The diversity of A total of 40 species have been reported the summer community as measured by the in this stratum from summer surveys, about the mean number of species per tow from summer average for all strata (Fig. 36). Of the 40 species survey data was 9.6+0.3, above the average of reported from summer surveys, 48% were 9.1 species for all strata. classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being transient in nature. A total of 43 species have been reported Monkfish have disappeared as summer residents. in this stratum from summer surveys, above the Capelin are new high frequency visitors in the average of 40 species for all strata (Fig. 35). Of 1990-93 period. the 43 species reported from summer surveys, 63% were classified as long-term summer Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, residents, the remaining species being transient 42 species were reported (Fig. 88). Of these, in nature. As in other strata, monkfish, smooth 50% were considered year-round residents, and skate and halibut are occurring less frequently as the remainder were classified as seasonal summer residents. species. The season reporting the most species was the fall, with 86% of the species reported, in Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, comparison to 69% being reported in both the 39 species were reported (Fig. 87). Of these, spring and summer (Table 5). The relative 59% were considered year-round residents, and diversity by season from seasonal survey data as the remainder were classified as seasonal measured by the mean number of species species. The season reporting the most species captured per tow was greatest in the fall with is summer/fall, with 82% of the species reported, 11.6 species, followed by 10.4 in the spring and in comparison to 72% in the spring (Table 5). 7.9 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly The relative diversity by season from seasonal influenced by season include redfish, silver hake, survey data as measured by the mean number of white hake and herring as summer/fall species, species captured per tow was greatest in the fall pollock and mailed sculpin as spring/fall species, with 10.2 species, followed by 9.7 in the summer and longfinned hake as a fall species. and 7.3 in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season include silver hake, witch, Stratum 458: Middle Bank herring, red hake, white hake, mackerel and ocean pout as summer/fall species. This stratum is found in depths of < 50 fath north of Sable Island, and occupies an area Stratum 457: Gully Slope (west) of 658 naut mi2, about half the area of an average stratum. This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath north of Sable Island, and occupies an area Sampling effort during summer surveys of 811 naut mi2, slightly smaller than the average was increased from 3 to 8 stations per year in stratum. 1990, with a total of 97 stations fished 17 successfully. This represents a sampling effort of of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture 0.15 stations per naut mi2, above the average of of new species since 1984 was relatively low at 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate 0.48 species per year, indicating that this stratum of capture of new species since 1984 was is well sampled for species composition (Table 1, relatively low at 0.74 species per year, indicating Fig. 6, 11). The diversity of the summer that this stratum is adequately sampled for community as measured by the mean number of species composition (Table 1, Fig. 6, 11). The species per tow from summer survey data was diversity of the summer community as measured 9.9+0.4, above the average of 9.1 species for all by the mean number of species per tow from strata. summer su rvey data was 7.4+0.2, below the average of 9.1 species for all strata. A total of 50 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys (Fig. 38), A total of 34 species have been reported which is above the average for all strata. Of the in this stratum from summer surveys, below the 50 species reported from summer surveys, 66% average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 37). Of the 37 were classified as long-term summer residents, species reported from summer surveys, 57% the remaining species being transient in nature. were classified as long-term summer residents, White hake, monkfish, smooth skate, red hake the remaining species being transient in nature. and mackerel all demonstrate greatly diminished Monkfish and mackerel have disappeared as frequencies of occurrence in the 1990-93 period. summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Smooth Vahl's eelpout, capelin and sea poachers are all skate, white hake, halibut and wolffish all increasing in frequency of occurrence. demonstrate greatly diminished frequencies of occurrence. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 51 species were reported (Fig. 90). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 65% were considered year-round residents, and 33 species were reported (Fig. 89). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 49% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season reporting the most species the remainder were classified as seasonal was the summer, with 92% of the species species. No season demonstrates a noticeably reported compared to 71% and 73% in the spring greater species compliment in this stratum, with and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative 73% of the species reported during the spring diversity by season from seasonal survey data as and fall, and 70% in the summer (Table 5). The measured by the mean number of species relative diversity by season from seasonal survey captured per tow was greatest in the spring with data as measured by the mean number of 11.2 species, followed by 11 in the fall and 10.3 species captured per tow was greatest in the fall in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly with 8.7 species, followed by 8.1 in the summer influenced by season include ocean pout, and 5.1 in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly hookeared sculpins and argentine as summer/fall influenced by season include cod, haddock, silver species, capelin as a spring/summer species, and hake, white hake and mackerel as summer/fall dogfish as a fall species. species. Stratum 460: Emerald Coastal Stratum 459: Mixed depths This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 . This stratum is found in mixed depths fath north and west of Emerald Basin, and north of Middle Bank, and occupies an area of occupies an area of 1344 naut mi2, about 3148 naut mi2, and at three times the size of an average in stratum area. average stratum is second largest in area. Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys was increased from 2 to 3 stations per year in was increased from 4 to 6 stations per year in 1989, with a total of 56 stations fished 1989, with a total of 104 stations fished successfully. This represents an average of 0.04 successfully. This represents a sampling effort of stations per naut mi2, far below the average of 0.03 stations per naut mi2, far below the average 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture of 18 new species since 1984 was relatively high at of new species since 1984 was very low at 0.33 1.01 species per year, indicating that this stratum species per year, indicating that this stratum is is poorly sampled for species composition (Table well sampled for species composition (Table 1, 1, Fig. 6, 11). The diversity of the summer Fig. 6, 11). The diversity of the summer community as measured by the mean number of community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer survey data was species per tow from summer survey data was 10.3+0.5, above the average of 9.1 species for all 9.0+0.4, matching the average of 9.1 species for strata combined. all strata.

A total of 40 species have been reported A total of only 30 species have been in this stratum from summer surveys, about the repo rted in this stratum from summer surveys, average for all strata (Fig. 39) . Of the 40 species which is below the average of 40 for all strata reported from summer surveys, 55% were (Fig. 40). Of the 30 species reported from classified as long-term summer residents, the summer surveys, 50% were classified as long- remaining species being transient in nature. term summer residents, the remaining species Wolffish and sea ravens have ceased to be being transient in nature. Thorny skate and repo rted as summer residents in the 1990-93 smooth skate have ceased to be reported as period. Argentine and ocean pout demonstrate summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Witch, greatly diminished frequencies of occurrence in spiny dogfish and haddock demonstrate greatly the 1990-93 period. Cusk appears to be diminished frequencies of occurrence in the increasing in frequency of occurrence. 1990-93 period.

Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 36 species were reported (Fig. 91). Of these, 32 species were reported (Fig. 92). Of these, 67% were considered year-round residents, and 47% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species species. The season reporting the most species was the summer, with 86% of the species was the summer/fall period, with 72% of the reported compared to 83% and 75% in the spring species reported compared to 66% in the spring and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from diversity by season from seasonal survey data as seasonal survey data as measured by the mean measured by the mean number of species number of species captured per tow was greatest captured per tow was greatest in the spring with in the fall with 10.9 species, followed by 10.7 in 12.7 species, followed by 11.7 in the summer the summer and 10 in the spring (Table 4). and 10.6 in the fall (Table 4). Species strongly Species strongly influenced by season include influenced by season include alewives as a mackerel as a summer species, and alewives as spring/summer species, hagfish and fourbeard a spring species. rockling as spring/fall species, and smooth skate as a spring species. Stratum 462: Emerald Mid-Depths (north)

Stratum 461: Emerald Basin This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath east of Emerald Basin, and oc,cupies an area This stratum is found in depths >100 fath of 2116 naut mi2, twice the area of an average • east of La Have Basin, and occupies an area of stratum. 1154 naut mi2, about average in size. Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 4 stations per year, has remained constant at 2 stations per year, with a total of 100 stations fished successfully. except for 1987 and 1986 when 3 stations were This represents a sampling effort of 0.05 stations fished, with a total of 50 stations fished per naut mi2, far below the average of 0.12 successfully. This represents a sampling effort of stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture of new 0.04 stations per naut mi2, far below the average species since 1984 was 0.72 species per year, of 0.12 stations per naut mi2. The rate of capture indicating that this stratum is adequately sampled 19 for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 6, 11). The species per tow from summer survey data was diversity of the summer community as measured 7.7±0.5, well below the average of 9.1 species by the mean number of species per tow from for all strata. summer survey data was 10.0±0.3, slightly above the average of 9.1 species for all strata. A total of 32 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, which is A total of 39 species have been reported below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 42). in this stratum from summer surveys, which is Of the 32 species reported from summer surveys, about average for all strata (Fig. 41). Of the 39 63% were classified as long-term summer species reported from summer surveys, 62% residents, the remaining species being transient were classified as long-term summer residents, in nature. Thorny skate and monkfish the remaining species being transient in nature. demonstrate greatly diminished frequencies of Thorny skate and argentine demonstrate greatly occurrence, and woiffish and white hake have diminished frequencies of occurrence in the ceased to be reported as summer residents in 1990-93 period. Smooth skate and hagfish have the 1990-93 period. ceased to be reported as summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 31 species were reported (Fig. 94). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 48% were considered year-round residehts, and 42 species were reported ( Fig. 93). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 67% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season reporting the most species the remainder were classified as seasonal was the summer, with 81% of the species species. The season reporting the most species reported compared to 77% and 61 % in the spring was the summer, with 83% of the species and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative reported compared to 76% and 79% in the spring diversity by season from seasonal survey data as and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative measured by the mean number of species diversity by season from seasonal survey data as captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 8.8 measured by the mean number of species species, followed by 8.7 in the spring and 6.9 in captured per tow was greatest in the spring with the summer (Table 4). Species strongly 12.1 species, followed by 11.2 in the summer influenced by season include redfish, argentine, and fall (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by wolffish and herring as spring/summer species. season include alewives as a spring species, and dogfish, gulf stream flounder, buttertish and Stratum 464: Western Bank herring as spring/summer species. This stratum is found in depths of <50 Stratum 463: Emerald Bank fath at the western end of Sable Island Bank, and occupies an area of 1297 naut mi2, about This stratum is found in depths of <50 average in area. fath south of Emerald Basin, and occupies an area of only 302 naut mi2, much smaller than the Sampling effort during summer surveys mean stratum area of 1043 naut mi2. increased from 5 to 7 stations per year in 1990, with a total of 126 stations fished successfully. Sampling effort during summer surveys This represented an average of 0.10 stations per has remained constant at 2 stations per year, naut mi2, slightly below the average of 0.12 with a total of 50 stations fished successfully. stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of This represents a sampling effort of 0.17 stations capture of new species since 1984 was high at per naut mi2, above the average of 0.12 stations 0.93 species per year, indicating that this stratum per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of is not well sampled for species composition new species since 1984 was very low at 0.20 (Table 1, Fig. 7, 11). The diversity of the summer species per year, indicating that this stratum is community as measured by the mean number of very well sampled for species composition (Table species per tow from summer survey data was 1, Fig. 6, 11). The diversity of the summer 9.7±0.4, slightly above the average of 9.1 species community as measured by the mean number of for all strata. 20

A total of 42 species have been reported residents, the remaining species being transient in this stratum from summer surveys, which is in nature. Thorny skate, cusk, smooth skate and near the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 43). Of witch all demonstrate diminished frequencies of the 42 species reported from summer surveys, occurrence in the 1990-93 period. 55% were classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being transient Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, in nature. Pollock appear to be increasing in 53 species were reported ( Fig. 96). Of these, frequency of occurrence, and wolffish appear 45% were considered year-round residents, and somewhat diminished in the 1990-93 period. the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, was the summer, with 72% of the species 40 species were reported (Fig. 95). Of these, reported compared to 66% and 70% in the spring 58% were considered year-round residents, and and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative the remainder were classified as seasonal diversity by season from seasonal survey data as species. The season reporting the most species measured by the mean number of species was the summer, with 83% of the species captured per tow was greatest in the spring with reported compared to 75% and 73% in the spring 11.1 species, followed by 9.4 in the fall and 9.2 and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly diversity by season from seasonal survey data as influenced by season include mackerel and measured by the mean number of species herring as spring/summer species, and alewives captured per tow was greatest in the summer as spring species. and fall with 9.4 species, followed by 8.6 in the spring (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by Stratum 466: Scotian Shelf Edge (Emerald season include silver hake, witch, mackerel and Area) white hake as summer/fall species. This small stratum is found in depths Stratum 465: Emerald Mid-depths (south) >100 fath on the edge of the Scotian Shelf, and occupies an area of only 226 naut miZ. This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath surrounding Emerald Bank, and occupies an Sampling effort during summer surveys area of 2383 naut mi2, twice the area of an decreased from 3 to 2 stations per year in 1989, average stratum. with a total of 61 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.27 stations Sampling effort during summer surveys per naut mi2, well above the average of 0.12 increased from 5 to 10 stations per year by 1990, stations per naut miZ for all strata. The rate of with a total of 152 stations fished successfully. capture of new species since 1984 was high at This represents a sampling effort of 0.06 stations 0.98 species per year, indicating that this stratum per naut mi2, well below the average of 0.12 is not well sampled for species composition stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of regardless of high sampling effort (Table 1, Fig. capture of new species since 1984 was high at 1 7, 11). The diversity of the summer community as species per year, indicating that this stratum is measured by the mean number of species per not well sampled for species composition (Table tow from summer survey data was 8.7±0.5, 1, Fig. 7, 11). The diversity of the summer below the average of 9.1 species for all strata. • community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer survey data was A total of 48 species have been reported 7.5±0.4, below the average of 9.1 species for all in this stratum from summer surveys, which is strata. above the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 45). Of the 48 species reported from summer surveys, A total of 50 species have been reported 40% were classified as long-term summer in this stratum from summer surveys, which is residents, the remaining species being transient above the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 44). in nature. Thorny skate, marlin spike grenadiers, Of the 50 species reported from summer surveys, and lanternfish have all disappeared as summer 50% were classified as long-term summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Smooth skate 21

demonstrates a diminished frequency of Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, occurrence in the 1990-93 period. Pollock may 37 species were reported ( Fig. 98). Of these, be potential immigrants as summer residents in 51% were considered year-round residents, and this stratum. the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, was the spring, with 81% of the species reported 60 species were reported ( Fig. 97). Of these, compared to 70% and 78% in the summer and 37% were considered year-round residents, and fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity the remainder were classified as seasonal by season from seasonal survey data as species. The season reporting the most species measured by the mean number of species was the fall, with 73% of the species reported captured per tow was greatest in the spring with compared to 63% and 58% in the spring and 13.4 species, followed by 13.1 in the fall and 12.9 summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly diversity by season from seasonal survey data as influenced by season include cusk, dogfish, measured by the mean number of species herring and wolffish as spring/summer species. captured per tow was greatest in the spring with 13.1 species, followed by 10.8 in the fall and 10.4 Stratum 471: LaHave Basin in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season include halibut, ocean pout This stratum is found in depths >100 fath and longhorn sculpin as spring/summer species, west of Emerald Basin, and occupies an area of and spiny dogfish as spring/fall species. 1004 naut miZ, about average in size.

Stratum 470: LaHave Coastal Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 2 stations per year, This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 with a total of 48 stations fished successfully. fath north of LaHave Basin along coastal Nova This represents a sampling effort of 0.05 stations Scotia, and occupies an area of 920 naut miz, per naut mi2, below the average of 0.12 stations about average in area. per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of new species since 1984 was low at 0.19 species Sampling effort during summer surveys per year, indicating that this stratum is very well has remained constant at 2 stations per year, sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 7, with a total of 50 stations fished successfully. 11). The diversity of the summer community as This represents a sampling effort of 0.05 stations measured by the mean number of species per per naut mi2, below the average of 0.12 stations tow from summer survey data was 8.6±0.4, per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of below the average of 9.1 species for all strata. new species since 1984 was low at 0.48 species per year, indicating that this stratum is well A total of 27 species have been reported sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 7, in this stratum from summer surveys, which is 11). The diversity of the summer community as well below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. measured by the mean number of species per 47). Of the 27 species reported from summer tow from summer survey data was 11.7±0.2, surveys, 59% were classified as long-term above the average of 9.1 species for all strata. summer residents, the remaining species being transient in nature. Haddock, smooth skate and A total of 37 species have been reported long-finned hake have all disappeared as in this stratum from summer surveys, which is summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Cusk below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 46). Of and thorny skate both demonstrate diminished the 37 species reported from summer surveys, frequencies of occurrence in the 1990-93 period. 54% were classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being transient Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, in nature. Wolffish and smooth skate have both 34 species were reported (Fig. 99). Of these, disappeared as summer residents in the 1990-93 59% were considered year-round residents, and period. Cusk demonstrates a diminished the remainder were classified as seasonal frequency of occurrence in the 1990-93 period. species. The season reporting the most species 22 was the spring, with 85% of the species reported seasonal survey data as measured by the mean compared to 74% and 82% in the summer and number of species captured per tow was greatest fall, respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity in the summer with 10 species , followed by 9.4 by season from seasonal survey data as in the fall and 9.3 in the spring (Table 4). Species measured by the mean number of species strongly influenced by season include argentine, captured per tow was greatest in the spring with longhorn sculpins, wotffish and black-bellied 12 species , followed by 10.9 in the fall and 10.7 rosefish as summer/fall species, and alewives as in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly spring species. influenced by season include redfish and offshore hake as summer/fall species, and herring and Stratum 473: LaHave Bank alewives as spring species. This small stratum is found in depths of Stratum 472: LaHave mid-depths <50 fath south of LaHave Basin, and occupies an area of only 265 naut mi2. This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath south of LaHave Basin, and occupies an Sampling effort during summer surveys area of 1249 naut mi2, about average in size. has remained constant at 2 stations per year, with a total of 49 stations fished successfully. Sampling effort during summer surveys This represents a sampling eff ort of 0.19 stations was increased from 2 to 4 stations per year in per naut mi2, above the average of 0.12 stations 1989, with a total of 66 stations fished per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of successfully. This represents a sampling effort of new species since 1984 was low at 0.16 species 0.05 stations per naut mi2, below the average of per year, indicating that this stratum is very well 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, of capture of new species since 1984 was low at 11). The diversity of the summer community as 0.15 species per year, indicating that this stratum measured by the mean number of species per is very well sampled for species composition tow from summer survey data was 4.6±0.3, the (Table 1, Fig. 7, 11). The diversity of the summer lowest value for all strata. community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer survey data was A total of only 22 species have been. 8.4+0.5, below the average of 9.1 species for all reported in this stratum from summer surveys, strata. which is the lowest number for all strata (Fig. 49). Of the 22 species reported from summer surveys, A total of 35 species have been reported 50% were classified as long-term summer in this stratum from summer surveys, which is residents; the remaining species being transient below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 48). Of in nature. Thorny skate and halibut have the 35 species reported from summer surveys, disappeared as summer residents in the 1990-93 57% were classified as long-term summer period. Redfish and dogfish demonstrate residents, the remaining species being transient diminished frequencies of occurrence in the in nature. Dogfish and smooth skate have both 1990-93 period. disappeared as summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Thorny skate, wolffish, monkfish and witch Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, all demonstrate diminished frequencies of 36 species were reported ( Fig. 101). Of these, occurrence in the 1990-93 period. 36% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, species. The season reporting the most species 45 species were reported (Fig. 100). Of these, was the fall, with 94% of the species reported 53% were considered year-round residents, and compared to 53% and 44% in.the spring and the remainder were classified as seasonal summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative species. The season reporting the most species diversity by season from seasonal survey data as was the fall, with 76% of the species reported measured by the mean number of species compared to 71% in the spring and summer captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 7 (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from species , followed by 5.7 in the spring and 5.4 in 23 the summer (Table 4). Species strongly Stratum 475: Baccaro Bank influenced by season include thorny skate, pollock, smooth skate and dogfish as summer/fall This small stratum is found in depths of species, silver hake as a fall species, and herring <50 fath east of LaHave Bank, and occupies an and lumpfish as spring/fall species. area of only 156 naut mi 2.

Stratum 474: Roseway Bank Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 2 stations per year, This small stratum is found in depths of with a total of 48 stations fished successfully. <50 fath east of LaHave Basin, and occupies an This represents a sampling effort of 0.30 stations area of only 161 naut mi2. per naut mi2, making this stratum one of the best sampled. The rate of capture of new species Sampling effort during summer surveys since 1984 was high at 0.85 species per year, has remained constant at 2 stations per year, indicating that this stratum is not well sampled for with a total of 46 stations fished successfully. species composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, 11). The This represents a sampling effort of 0.28 stations diversity of the summer community as measured per naut mi2, making this stratum one of the best by the mean number of species per tow from sampled. The rate of capture of new species summer survey data was 7.7+0.6, below the since 1984 was low at 0.46 species per year, average of 9.1 for all strata. indicating that this stratum is well sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, 11). The A total of only 31 species have been diversity of the summer community as measured reported in this stratum from summer surveys, by the mean number of species per tow from well below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. summer survey data was 5.9+0.4, far below the 51). Of the 31 species reported from summer average of 9.1 for all strata. surveys, 55% were classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being A total of only 28 species have been transient in nature. Sea raven, smooth skate, repo rted in this stratum from summer surveys, cusk, witch, yellowtail and silver hake have all significantly below the average of 40 for all strata disappeared as summer residents in the 1990-93 (Fig. 50). Of the 28 species reported from period. Thorny skate, mailed sculpin and redfish summer surveys, 42% were classified as long- are all indicating diminished frequencies of term summer residents, the remaining species occurrence. Dogfish was a high frequency visitor being transient in nature. Halibut and longhorn in the 1982-89 period. sculpin have disappeared as summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 44 species were reported (Fig. 103). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 52% were considered year-round residents, and 40 species were reported (Fig. 102). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 45% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season reporting the most species the remainder were classified as seasonal was the fall, with 91% species reported compared species. The season reporting the most species to 77% and 55% in the spring and summer, was the fall, with 93% of the species repo rted respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity by compared to 55% and 60% in the spring and season from seasonal survey data as measured summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative by the mean number of species captured per tow diversity by season from seasonal survey data as was greatest in the spring with 11.9 species, measured by the mean number of species followed by 11 in the fall and 8.1 in the summer captured per tow was greatest in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by season with 7.1 species , followed by 6.9 in the spring include pollock, silver hake and cusk as and 5.8 in the fall (Table 4). Species strongly spring/fall species, dogfish as a summer/fall influenced by season include dogfish and species, and white hake and alewives as fall lumpfish as summer/fall species, and winter skate species. and sea raven as spring/fall species. 24

Stratum 476: Roseway mid-depths Stratum 477: Baccaro mid-depthS

This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath nort h of Baccaro Bank, and occupies an fath south of Baccaro Bank, and occupies an area of 1478 naut mi2, slightly larger than the area of 1 232 naut m12, about average in size. mean stratum area. Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys was increased from 2 to 5 stations per year in was increased from 2 to 4 stations per year in 1990, with a total of 68 stations fished 1987, with a total of 64 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.06 stations per naut mi2, much lower than the 0.04 stations per naut mi2, much lower than the mean of 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. mean of 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of new species since 1984 The rate of capture of new species since 1984 was 0.75 species per year, indicating that this was low at 0.57 species per year, indicating that stratum is adequately sampled for species this stratum is adequately sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, 11). The diversity of composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, 11). The diversity of the summer community as measured by the the summer community as measured by the mean number of species per tow from summer mean number of species per tow from summer survey data was 7.8+0.5, below the average of survey data was 9.9+0.5, above the average of 9.1 for all strata. 9.1 for all strata. A total of 35 species have been reported A total of 35 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, below the in this stratum from summer surveys, below the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 53). Of the 35 average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 52). Of the 35 species reported from summer surveys, 63% species reported from summer surveys, 60% were classified as long-term summer residents, were classified as long-term summer residents, the remaining species being transient in nature. the remaining species being transient in nature. Smooth skate have disappeared as summer The summertime community in this stratum residents in the 1990-93 period. Thorny skate, appears to be very stable, as no great shifts in cusk and wolffish are all indicating diminished frequency of occurrence are evident, other than frequencies of occurrence. Dogfish was a high herring, which have increased dramatically in the frequency visitor in the 1982-89 period. The 1990-93 period. frequency of occurrence of pollock has increased dramatically in this stratum. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 38 species were reported (Fig. 104). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 66% were considered year-round residents, and 39 species were reported (Fig. 105). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 64% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season reporting the most species the remainder were classified as seasonal was the fall, with 90% species reported compared species. The season reporting the most species to 79% and 76% in the spring and summer, was the fall, with 82% species reported compared respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity by to 74% and 77% in the spring and summer, season from seasonal survey data as measured respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity by by the mean number of species captured per tow season from seasonal su rvey data as measured • was greatest in the spring with 12.9 species, by the mean number of species captured per tow followed by 12.6 in the fall and 10.5 in the was greatest in the spring and fall with 11.6 summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by species, followed by 8.7 in the summer (Table 4). season include dogfish as a summer/fall species, Species strongly influenced by season include and mackerel as a fall species. pollock as a spring/summer species, and herring and alewives as spring species. 25

Stratum 478: Scotian Shelf Edge (Baccaro- influenced by season include dogfish and LaHave Area) alewives as spring species, halibut as a summer species, and lanternfishes as summer/fall This small stratum is found in depths species. >100 fath along the edge of the Scotian Shelf west of stratum 466, and occupies an area of Stratum 480: Browns Bank 233 naut mi2. This stratum is found in depths < 50 fath Sampling effort during summer surveys west of Baccaro Bank, and occupies an area of decreased from 3 to 2 stations per year in 1987, 655 naut mi2, about half the size of an average with a total of 62 stations fished successfully. stratum. This represents a sampling effort of 0.27 stations per naut mi2; one of the highest sampling Sampling effort during summer surveys intensities of all strata. The rate of capture of new increased from 4 to 8 stations per year by 1990, species since 1984 was 0.72 species per year, with a total of 104 stations fished successfully. indicating that this stratum is adequately sampled This represents a sampling effort of 0.16 stations for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 8, 11). The per naut miZ ; above the average of 0.12 stations diversity of the summer community as measured per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of by the mean number of species per tow from new species since 1984 was low at 0.33'species summer survey data was 10.1±0.3, above the per year, indicating that this stratum is well average of 9.1 for all strata. sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 9, 11). The diversity of the summer community as A total of 52 species have been reported measured by the mean number of species per in this stratum from summer surveys, well above tow from summer survey data was 8.0±0.3, the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 54). The rate below the average of 9.1 for all strata. of capture of new species in this stratum has started to diminish, but averages about 1 species per year since 1984. Of the 52 species reported A total of 37 species have been reported from summer surveys, 40% were classified as in this stratum from summer surveys, below the long-term summer residents, the remaining average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 55). Of the 37 species being transient in nature. Offshore hake species reported from summer surveys, 57% have disappeared as summer residents in the were classified as long-term summer residents, 1990-93 period.Witch and monkfish are both the remaining species being transient in nature. indicating diminished frequencies of occurrence. Cusk have disappeared as summer residents in Smooth skate was once a high frequency visitor the 1990-93 period. Thorny skate and dogfish are in previous periods, but has not been reported both indicating diminished frequencies of since the 1982-85 period. The frequency of occurrence. occurrence of red hake has increased dramatically in this stratum. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 40 species were reported ( Fig. 107). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 50% were considered year-round residents, and 65 species were reported (Fig. 106). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 40% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season reporting the most species the remainder were classified as seasonal was the fall, with 80% of the species reported species. The season reporting the most species compared to 65% and 75% in the spring and was the fall, with 72% of the species reported summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative compared to 52% and 71% in the spring and diversity by season from seasonal survey data as summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative measured by the mean number of species diversity by season from seasonal survey data as captured per tow was greatest in the fall with 10 measured by the mean number of species species, followed by 9.2 in the summer, and 9 in captured per tow was greatest in the fall with the spring (Table 4). Species strongly influenced 13.1 species, followed by 12.6 in the spring, and by season include dogfish and silver hake as 11.9 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly 26 summer/fall species, and herring and lumpfish as Channel, and oc,cupies an area of 1042 naut re spring species. the average size for a stratum.

Stratum 481: Brown's Bank mid-depths Sampling effort during summer surveys increased from 2 to stations per year by 1989, This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 with a total of 56 stations fished successfully. fath surrounding Brown's Bank, and occupies an This represents a sampling effort of 0.05 stations area of 1875 naut mi2. per naut mi2 ; below the average of 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of Sampling effort during summer surveys new species since 1984 was high at 0.98 species increased from 4 to 9 stations per year by 1990, per year, indicating that this stratum is not well with a total of 121 stations fished successfully. sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 9, This represents a sampling effort of 0.07 stations 11). The diversity of the summer community as per naut mi2; above the average of 0.12 stations measured by the mean number of species per per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of tow from summer survey data was 8.4+0.4, new species since 1984 was 0.76 species per below the average of 9.1 for all strata. year, indicating that this stratum is adequately sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 9, 11). The diversity of the summer community as A total of 36 species have been reported measured by the mean number of species per in this stratum from summer surveys, below the tow from summer survey data was 9.0+0.4, the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 57). Of the 36 average for all strata. species reported from summer surveys, 47% were classified as long-term summer residents, A total of 45 species have been reported the remaining species being transient in nature. in this stratum from summer su rveys, above the Monkfish has ceased to be reported as a average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 56). Of the 37 summer resident in the 1990-93 period. Smooth species reported from summer surveys, 62% skate indicates a diminished frequency of were classified as long-term summer residents, occurrence. Black bellied rosefish may appear to the remaining species being transient in nature. have increased frequency of occurrence, but this Cusk is indicating a slightly diminished frequency may be a consequence of increased diligence by of occurrence, and herring are appearing more samplers in separating them from redfish frequently, but the overall state of the community catches. in this stratum appears to be very stable. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 39 species were reported (Fig. 109). Of these, 46 species were reported (Fig. 108). Of these, 46% were considered year-round residents, and 65% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal species. Spring was the season with the most species. The seasons reporting the most species species repo rted, with 77% compared to 69% was the spring and fall with 80% of the species being reported in both the summer and fall (Table reported compared to 78% in the summer (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from seasonal 5). The relative diversity by season from seasonal survey data as measured by the mean number of survey data as measured by the mean number of species captured per tow was greatest in the . species captured per tow was greatest in the fall spring with 11.1 species, followed by 10.7 in the with 11.3 species, followed by 10.8 in the spring, fall, and 10.2 in the summer (Table 4). Species and 10.2 in the summer (Table 4). No species of strongly influenced by season include alewives, high frequency are dramatically affected by red hake and mackerel as spring/summer season in this stratum. species, and longhorn sculpin, yellowtail and little skate as spring/fall species. Stratum 482: FundIan Channel

This stratum is found in depths >100 fath along the eastern contour of the Fundian 27

Stratum 483: Georges Basin Stratum 484: Crowell and Jordan Basins

This stratum is found in depths >100 fath This stratum is found in depths >100 fath no rth of Georges Bank, and occupies an area of in the Gulf of Maine, and occupies an area of 532 naut mi2, about half the size of an average 2264 naut mi2, about twice the area of an stratum. average stratum.

Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 2 stations per year, has remained constant at 3 stations per year, with a total of 47 stations fished successfully. with a total of 73 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.09 stations This represents a sampling effort of 0.03 stations per naut mi2, below the average of 0.12 stations per naut mi2, far below the average of 0.12 per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of stations per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of new species since 1984 was 0.53 species per capture of new species since 1984 was high at year, indicating that this stratum is adequately 0.99 species per year, indicating that this stratum sampled for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 9, is not well sampled for species composition 11). The diversity of the summer community as (Table 1, Fig. 9, 11). The diversity of the summer measured by the mean number of species per community as measured by the mean number of tow from sumrrier survey data was 10.2+0.4, species per tow from summer survey data was above the average of 9.1 for all strata. 10.3+0.3, above the average of 9.1 for all strata.

A total of 34 species have been reported A total of 40 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, below the in this stratum from summer surveys, about the average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 58). Of the 34 average for all strata (Fig. 59). Of the 40 species species reported from summer surveys, 50% reported from summer surveys, 50% were were classified as long-term summer residents, classified as long-term summer residents, the the remaining species being transient in nature. remaining species being transient in nature. Cod Cod indicates a diminished frequency of indicates a diminished frequency of occurrence occurrence for the 1990-93 period. Otherwise, for the 1990-93 period, and herring and alewives the summertime community in this stratum have increased in frequency of occurrence. appears to be very stable. Otherwise, the summertime community in this stratum appears to be very stable. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 39 species were reported (Fig. 110). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 41% were considered year-round residents, and 42 species were reported (Fig. 111). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 47% were considered year-round residents, and species. Summer was the season with the most the remainder were classified as seasonal species reported, with 69% compared to 64% species. Spring was the season with the most and 59% in the spring and fall, respectively species reported, with 86% compared to 67% (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from and 64% for the summer and fall, respectively seasonal survey data as measured by the mean (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from number of species captured per tow was greatest seasonal survey data as measured by the mean in the summer with 12.2 species, followed by number of species captured per tow was greatest 11.1 in the spring, and 10.7 in the fall (Table 4). in the spring with 13.0 species, followed by 12.2 Species strongly influenced by season include in the fall, and 11.3 in the summer (Table 4). haddock, cod and plaice as summer/fall species, Species strongly influenced by season include pollock and monkfish as spring/summer species, shad as a spring/summer species, and longf in and herring as a spring/fall species. hake as a fall species. 28

Stratum 485: Gulf of Maine (mid-depths) the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, and occupies an area of 601 naut mi2. This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath in the Gulf of Maine, and occupies an area Sampling effort during summer surveys of 1582 naut mi2. has remained constant at 3 stations per year until 1989 when 4 stations were introduced, with a Sampling effort during summer surveys total of 73 stations fished successfully. This has remained constant at 3 stations per year, represents a sampling effort of 0.12 stations per except during the 1987-89 period when 6 stations naut mi2, the average for all strata. The rate of were fished per year, with a total of 78 stations capture of new species since 1984 was 0 species fished successfully. This represents a sampling per year, indicating that this stratum is extremely effort of 0.05 stations per naut mi2, far below the well sampled for species composition (Table 1, average of 0.12 stations per naut mi2 for all Fig. 10, 11). The diversity of the summer strata. The rate of capture of new species since community as measured by the mean number of 1984 was 0.69 species per year, indicating that species per tow from summer survey data was this stratum is adequately sampled for species 14.0+0.5, the highest reported for all strata. composition (Table 1, Fig. 9, 11). The diversity of the summer community as measured by the A total of 42 species have been reported mean number of species per tow from summer in this stratum from summer surveys,• slightly survey data was 11.5+0.4, above the average of above the average for all strata (Fig. 61). Of the 9.1 for all strata. 42 species reported from summer surveys, 74% were classified as long-term summer residents, A total of 41 species have been reported the remaining species being transient in nature. in this stratum from summer surveys, about the No dramatic shifts in the frequency of occurrence average for all strata (Fig. 60). Of the 41 species of species in this stratum are evident. This reported from summer surveys, 59% were summer community is clearly very stable with no classified as long-term summer residents, the immigrants or emigrants, and very diverse with remaining species being transient in nature. many residents at a high frequency of Smooth skate have ceased to be reported as occurrence. summer residents in the 1990-93 period. Cusk and witch indicated diminished frequencies of Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, occurrence for the 1990-93 period, and ocean 48 species were reported (Fig. 113). Of these, pout, sea raven, winter flounder and yellowtail all 54% were considered year-round residents, and have increased in frequencies of occurrence. the remainder were classified as seasonal species. All seasons for this stratum exhibited Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, similar species compliments with 81% of the 47 species were reported (Fig. 112). Of these, species reported in the summer, 79% in the fall 58% were considered year-round residents, and and 77% in the spring (Table 5). The relative the remainder were classified as seasonal diversity by season from seasonal survey data as species. All seasons for this stratum reported measured by the mean number of species 77% of the species present Table 5). The relative captured per tow was greatest in the fall with diversity by season from seasonal survey data as 16.9 species, followed by 15.7 in the summer, measured by the mean number of species and 13.1 in the spring (Table 4). Species • captured per tow was greatest in the fall with strongly influenced by season include haddock, 15.2 species, followed by 13.9 in the spring, and white hake, silver hake, alewives, dogfish, red 13.6 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly hake, littleskate, monkfish, butterfish, mackerel influenced by season include monkfish and and shad as summer/fall species. yellowtail as spring/summer species. Stratum 491: Outer Bay of Fundy (central) Stratum 490: Outer Bay of Fundy (south) This stratum is found in depths 01 51-100 This stratum is found in depths of < 50 between Digby Neck and Grand Manan fath fath along the northwestern Nova Scotia shore at Island, and occupies an area of 687 naut mi2. 29

Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 3 stations per year , has remained constant at 3 stations per year, with a total of 73 stations fished successfully. with a total of 75 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.11 stations This represents a sampling effort of 0.07 stations per naut mi2, slightly below the average for all per naut mi2, below the average of 0.12 stations strata. The rate of capture of new species since per naut mi2 for all strata. The rate of capture of 1984 was 0.39 species per year, indicating that new species since 1984 was 0.5 species per this stratum is extremely well sampled for species year, indicating that this stratum is well sampled composition (Table 1, Fig. 10, 11). The diversity for species composition (Table 1, Fig. 10, 11). of the summer community as measured by the The diversity of the summer community as mean number of species per tow from summer measured by the mean number of species per survey data was 12.2+0.5, one of the highest tow from summer survey data was 11.5+0.4, the reported for all strata. sixth highest repo rted for all strata.

A total of 40 species have been reported A total of 44 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys; the average in this stratum from summer surveys, slightly for all strata (Fig. (62). Of the 40 species above the average for all strata (Fig. 63). Of the repo rted from summer surveys, 65% were 44 species reported from summer surveys, 56% classified as long-term summer residents, the were classified as long-term summer residents, remaining species being transient in nature. No the remaining species being transient in nature. dramatic shifts in the frequency of occurrence of Hagfish and wolffish have ceased to be species in this stratum are evident. This summer represented as summer residents in the 1990-93 community is clearly very stable with no period. Haddock, smooth skate and cusk also immigrants or emigrants,and very diverse with demonstrate di mi nis hed f requ e nci es of many residents at a high frequency of occurrence. Otherwise, the community in this occurrence. stratum appears to be very diverse and stable.

Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 45 species were reported (Fig. 114). Of these, 43 species were reported (Fig. 115). Of these, 60% were considered year-round residents, and 65% were considered year-round residents, and the remainder were classified as seasonal the remainder were classified as seasonal species. The season reporting the most species species. The season with the most species was was the fall with 89% of the species, and 76% the fall with 91% of the species reported, and and 73% in the spring and summer, respectively 79% and 77% in the spring and summer, (Table 5). The relative diversity by season from respectively (Table 5). The relative diversity by seasonal survey data as measured by the mean season from seasonal survey data as measured number of species captured per tow was greatest by the mean number of species captured per tow in the fall with 14.8 species, followed by 13.6 in was greatest in the spring with 14.9 species, the summer, and 13.3 in the spring (Table 4). followed by 14.7 in the fall, and 11.7 in the Species strongly influenced by season include summer (Table 4). Species strongly influenced by white hake, silver hake, dogfish, arctic hookeared season include dogfish, shad and hagfish as sculpins, shad, hagfish and monkfish as summer/fall species, halibut as a spring species, summer/fall species, and halibut as a spring/fall and hookeared sculpin, butterfish and mackerel - species. as fall species.

Stratum 492: Grand Manan mid-depths Stratum 493: Grand Manan Channel, coastal New Brunswick. This stratum is found in depths of 51-100 fath extending from the northeast to southwest of This stratum is found in depths of < 50 Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy, and fath extending from the Grand Manan Channel to occupies an area of 1086 naut mi2, about Saint John along the southwestern coast of New average in size. Brunswick, and occupies an area of 533 naut mi2. 30

Sampling effort during summer surveys Sampling effort during summer surveys has remained constant at 3 stations per year, has remained constant at 2 stations per year, with a total of 67 stations fished successfully. with a total of 49 stations fished successfully. This represents a sampling effort of 0.13 stations This represents a sampling effort of 0.12 stations per naut mi2, about the average for all strata. The per naut mi2, the average for all strata. The rate rate of capture of new species since 1984 was of capture of new species since 1984 was 0.49 0.66 species per year, indicating that this stratum species per year, indicating that this stratum is is adequately sampled for species composition well sampled for species composition (Table 1, (Table 1, Fig. 10, 11). The diversity of the Fig. 10, 11). The diversity of the summer summer community as measured by the mean community as measured by the mean number of number of species per tow from summer survey species per tow from summer survey data was data was 12.2+0.4, well above the average of 9.1 11.2+0.5, well above the average of 9.1 species species reported for all strata. reported for all strata.

A total of 46 species have been repo rted A total of 40 species have been reported in this stratum from summer surveys, above the in this stratum from summer surveys, the average average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 64). Of the 46 for all strata (Fig. 65). Of the 40 species reported species reported from summer surveys, 55% from summer surveys, 58% were classified as were classified as long-term summer residents, long-term summer residents, the remaining the remaining species being transient in nature. species being transient in nature. Witch, halibut, Haddock, witch and smooth skate demonstrate smelt, and smooth skate have all ceased to be diminished frequencies of occurrence in the reported as summer residents in this stratum. 1990-93 period. Otherwise, the community in this Haddock and thorny skate demonstrate stratum appears to be very diverse and stable. diminished frequencies of occurrence in the 1990-93 period. Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 49 species were reported (Fig. 116). Of these, Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, 51% were considered year-round residents, and 44 species were reported (Fig. 117). Of these, the remainder were classified as seasonal 30% were considered year-round residents, and species. The season with the most species was the remainder were classified as seasonal the fall with 88% of the species reported, and species. The season reporting the most species 61% and 78% reported in the spring and was the summer with 77% of the species summer, respectively (Table 5). The relative reported, and 52% and 59% reported in the diversity by season from seasonal survey data as spring and fall, respectively (Table 5). The measured by the mean number of species relative diversity by season from seasonal survey captured per tow was greatest in the fall with data as measured by the mean number of 17.1 species, followed by 13 in the spring, and species captured per tow was greatest in the fall 12.8 in the summer (Table 4). Species strongly with 12.3 species, followed by 12.1 in the influenced by season include white hake, silver summer, and 10.6 in the spring (Table 4). hake, dogfish, haddock, butterfish, shad, Species strongly influenced by season include monkfish and hagfish as summer/fall species, dogfish, white hake, silver hake, haddock, red and winter skate, yellowtail and windowpane as hake, butterfish and shad as summer/fall species, spring/fall species. windowpane as spring/fall species, smooth skate • as a spring/summer species, and pollock and Stratum 494: Inner Bay of Fundy (north) witch as summer species.

This small stratum is found in depths of Stratum 495: Inner Bay of Fundy (south) < 50 fath extending from Saint John along the coast of New Brunswick to the entrance of This stratum is found in depths of < 50 Chignecto Bay, and occupies an area of 417 naut fath extending from Digby along the coast of . 2 Mi . Nova Scotia to the entrance of the Minas Channel, and occupies an area of 584 naut mi2, about half the size of an average stratum. 31

Sampling effort during summer surveys data for the assessment of the abundance of has remained constant at about 2 stations per commercially important species, particularly cod, year, with a total of 47 stations fished haddock and pollock. Consequently, a positive successfully. This represents a sampling effort of bias in the station selection occurs in strata 0.08 stations per naut mi2, below the average for where these species are abundant. Conclusions all strata. The rate of capture of new species about the relative diversity of the offshore areas since 1984 was 0.65 species per year, indicating delimited by the sampling strata, were not made that this stratum is adequately sampled for without first examining which areas have been species composition (Table 1, Fig. 10, 11). The adequately sampled. One measure of relative diversity of the summer community as measured sampling effort, the stations per naut mi2, ranged by the mean number of species per tow from from 0.04-0.32. Typically, the better sampled summer survey data was 9.9±0.4, slightly above strata were smaller in area with a default of two the average of 9.1 species reported for all strata stations sampled yearly, or larger with many combined. stations. However, the strata with the most stations per unit area were not always adequately A total of 36 species have been reported sampled to provide an accurate assessment of in this stratum from summer surveys, below the the species composition and the frequencies of average of 40 for all strata (Fig. 66). Of the 36 occurrence of the species reported. This effect is species reported from summer surveys, 53% likely a consequence of the relative size and were classified as long-term summer residents, uniformity of the environments found in each the remaining species being transient in nature. stratum. Large strata with a great range of Pollock have ceased to be reported as a resident bottom types, bathymetry and hydrography have in this stratum. Haddock demonstrate a bigger potential to host more community types, diminished frequency of occurrence in the 1990- and would require a sampling program with 93 period. greater resolution. Also related to the lack of uniformity in a sampling environment is the Examining seasonal data from 1979-85, associated variance in the performance of the 43 species were reported (Fig. 118). Of these, sampling gear. Trawl performance is very 40% were considered year-round residents, and sensitive to changes in bottom composition, the remainder were classified as seasonal grade, depth and currents (Strong 1992), as is species. The season reporting the most species the affinity for certain species for these factors. was the summer with 70% of the species The range in bottom types and bathymetry found reported, and 67% reported in both spring and in the Scotia-Fundy Region, and the variance in fall (Table 5). The relative diversity by season catch associated with trawl behavior was found to from seasonal survey data as measured by the impact on survey estimates (Clark 1993). mean number of species captured per tow was Consequently, the reader is cautioned that the greatest in the fall with 14.5 species, followed by species described represent only a subset of the 11.9 in the spring, and 11.2 in the summer (Table actual species compliment, those vulnerable to 4). Species strongly influenced by season include capture by the gear types used. haddock, dogfish, white hake, silver hake and buttertish as summer/fall species, windowpane as The change in fishing vessels, crews and spring/fall species, smooth skate and snake trawls in 1982 may have impacted on the blennies as a spring/summer species, and shad assessment of species composition and the and mailed sculpin as fall species. frequency at which each species was captured due to differences in vessel horsepower, fishing DISCUSSION methods and selectivity between the trawls. Although depth induced variance in gear spread was minimized during the use of the Yankee 36 EFFECTS OF SAMPLING INTENSITY AND trawl on the "A.T. Cameron" by observing warp to GEAR PERFORMANCE depth ratios designed to render constant spread with depth, a constant scope of 3 to 1 on later It should be recognised that the bottom surveys was observed with the Western IIA trawl surveys were designed primarily to provide resulting in greater spreads and a lower headline 32

height for deeper tows (Strong 1992). Exploitation by commercial fishing Considering the above factors, the overall trend in the mean number of species per tow (Fig. 18) The impact of bottom trawling and other may be a vessel effect. The "Cameron" detected gear types on species diversity is an important fewer species than the Needier and perhaps not consideration in fisheries management. Heavy the species that affect change in mspt. The bottom-trawling effort might make the benthic declining trend in mspt after 1981 suggests that habitat less habitable and lower the survival rates the Needier may have witnessed a shift in mspt of a wide range of species, thus lowering due to some biological or physical processes. It diversity from pre-exploitation levels. Alternately, is entirely possible , yet unlikely, that a massive selective removal of market sized fish of the shift in species diversity occurred in the same commercially valuable species might increase year as a complete change in vessel and diversity by reducing predation pressure on sampling gear. smaller, low frequency prey species, which would also tend to escape and survive from commercial gear. The frequency of occurrence for these FACTORS RELATED TO DIVERSITY secondary species would then increase enhancing diversity. To test these hypotheses, Total species inventory trends of diversity in regions of known fishing effort would have to be examined for changes Certain elements appear to be with time. characteristic of high and low diversity areas. High diversity strata clearly have a high total Hydrography, bathymetry and geographic compliment of species, a high proportion of which locale demonstrate a high frequency of occurrence, which translates into a high number of species Generally, the most diverse strata were captured per tow relative to other strata. Low found in the western region, where bottom diversity strata are similarly low in these temperatures enjoy a higher yearly mean, and measures. However, all remaining strata do not are relatively moderate in annual amplitude. From fall between these extremes in a linear sense, as the examination of the contour plots of diversity some areas will have a high species compliment by season, one will note that high diversity areas with very few species of high frequency, and generally shift seasonally away from the shallow others may have low total species compliment bank areas to deeper locations such as basins or with enough high frequency species to be of canyons along the shelf in the spring. By the fall, relatively high diversity. The distribution of strata the deep water concentrations have dispersed, relative to total species and mean species and new large aggregations of species form in captured per tow from summer data are depicted the shallow coastal areas. Given that deeper in Fig. 67. areas in the spring provide warmer and more saline water than do the shallower regions, it Seasonality might be surmised that a greater number of species prefer milder conditions, and migrate Seasonal change was a significant factor accordingly. The aggregations of species in the affecting diversity in many strata. The frequency slope strata in the spring best illustrates this of occurrence for species subject to migratory scenario. trends was impacted, translating into a change in the number of species observed per tow. The The diminishing trends in the frequencies range in for all strata was a change of zero to of occurrence of the 31 species identified in this four species per tow between seasons, where the study may in time impact upon the diversity of strata exhibiting the greatest diversity were the some strata. Examining a time series of summer most profoundly affected by change in season. strata mean temperature anomalies, where the Seasonal visitation was an important factor in anomalies were calculated as deviations from making the Fundy and Gully area strata highly long-term (1970-92) strata means (Page et al. diverse in the fall season (Fig. 119). 1994), the majority of strata are below their means in recent years. However, in order to 33 relate large shifts in the frequencies of succeed in minimizing high by-catches, or if by- occurrence of the species identified in this study catches remained too high, such a fishery could to changing hydrographic conditions, the be limited to gear types more selective to herring. temperature preferences of all species must be assessed and compared to the summer bottom temperatures per stratum (Page et al. 1994). A mufti-species management approach should be applied in areas where non-finfish The geographic location of each stratum populations congregate, such as in the case of appears to be of great influence in the level of migratory marine mammals and sea birds which diversity found, as many important factors are a feed on finfish. Considering that traditional consequence of location. These factors would resource management methods are currently include the proximity of the stratum to coastal under review, it is anticipated that a more influences like islands, river systems, bays, ecological approach to resource management will estuaries, salt marshes and consequently, all the be adopted, and that a broader range of marine associated fauna from these inshore sources. species be considered in the management The Bay of Fundy strata are influenced by many strategy. of these features, and not surprisingly, are the most diverse. CONCLUSIONS

IMPLICATIONS FOR RESOURCE The most diverse finfish communities in MANAGEMENT the Scotia-Fundy Region are found in the fall season, and primarily in the Bay of Fundy. The The exercise of elucidating spatial and lowest diversity is usually found in the spring in temporal windows of high biodiversity is the shallow bank areas. Spatial patterns of high warranted for several reasons. Ideally, such diversity have been found to shift with time, but windows need to be identified before a multi- remain the most persistent in the Bay of Fundy species approach to resource management can Region. be employed as an alternative to the "stock by stock" method that is currently used for The species composition of strata vary commercial fisheries. greatly in character in terms of the number of species reported, the frequency with which each Fundamentally, the more complex the species is reported, and in the stability of the community structure found at a given place and communities in terms of the number of seasonal time, the greater the problem to design a harvest and year-round species. Long-term shifts in the strategy for the exploitation of a single species frequency of occurrence of many species were without impacting on others. It is therefore detected in this study, in some cases for groups desirable to identify the times and areas of strata in common, and an investigation of the demonstrating the highest diversity for the most causal mechanisms is warranted. careful harvest strategies. The use of assessments of species As an example from this study, the Bay diversity as a fisheries management tool may be of Fundy strata demonstrate high diversity in the valuable in avoiding the undesired exploitation of fall, which results in part from seasonal species that share the same time and space as migrations of anadromous species visiting the the target fishery. rivers and estuaries surrounding the bay. If the implementation of a herring fishery using seine gear were to be considered, the impact on other ACKNOWLEDGMENTS commercially valuable species vulnerable to capture by this gear type should first be We wish to thank Fred Page and Don assessed. As the species in this case would Clark for their support, and for the many endless include alewives, Atlantic salmon, smelt and discussions which generated the ideas and shad, altering the time and area windows might motivation for this study. 34

REFERENCES Fundy Region, NAFO areas 4VWX and 5Z, during groundfish research vessel Black, G. A. P. 1993. Acon Data Visualization surveys. DFO Atl. Fish. Res. Doc. 94/44. Software User Manual. Version 7.14.MS: 232 p. Pielou, E. C. 1969. An introduction to mathematical ecology. Wiley- Clark, D. S. 1993, The influence on depth and Interscience, Toronto. bottom type on area swept by groundtrawl, and consequences for Strong, M. B. 1992. Variability of trawl survey indices and population estimates. performance on Scotia-Fundy research DFO Atl. Fish. Res. Doc. 93/40. surveys. Can. Atl. Fish. Sci. Advis. Comm. Res. Doc. 92/58. Doubleday, W. G., and D. Rivard. 1981. Bottom trawl surveys. Can. Spec, Publ. Fish. Tukey, J. W. 1977. Exploratory Data Analysis. Aquat. Sci. 58. Addison-Wesley, Reading MA.

Page, F. H., R. J. Losier, and J. McRuer. 1994. Watson, D. F., and G. M. Philip. 1985. A Overview of 1993 temperature and refinement of inverse distance weighted salinity conditions within the Scotia- interpolation. Geo-Processing 2: 315- 327 35

Table 1. Summary of summer survey results by stratum.

Str Area in Stations per Mean no. of Total no. of Percent of species New species per naut mi2 naut mi2 species per tow species long-term residents year since 1984

440 924 0.089 9.6 53 34 1.12 441 1000 0.085 9.1 49 43 1.28 442 1437 0.061 5.6 48 35 1.43 443 1318 0.069 5.6 35 46 0.38 444 3925 0.032 7.5 54 43 1.54 445 1023 0.097 9.1 57 40 1.25 446 491 0.143 10.4 49 43 0.79 447 1616 0.075 7.3 32 50 0.65 448 1449 0.079 6.9 36 45 0.88 449 144 0.326 6.1 24 58 0.15 450 383 0.180 8.2 36 50 0.61 451 147 0.320 9.9 39 46 0.75 452 345 0.154 11.7 45 49 1.10 453 259 0.247 9.2 45 47 0.22 454 499 0.128 7.8 37 46 0.67 455 2122 0.085 9.5 35 69 0.53 456 955 0.153 9.6 43 63 0.95 457 811 0.067 8.3 40 48 0.82 458 658 0.147 7.4 34 57 0.74 459 3147 0.033 9.9 50 66 0.48 460 1344 0.042 10.3 40 55 1.01 461 1154 0.043 9.0 30 50 0.33 462 2116 0.047 10.0 39 62 0.72 463 302 0.166 7.7 32 63 0.20 464 1297 0.097 9.7 42 55 0.93 465 2383 0.064 7.5 50 50 1.00 466 226 0.270 8.7 48 40 0.98 470 920 0.054 11.7 37 54 0.63 471 1004 0.048 8.6 27 59 0.19 472 1249 0.053 8.4 35 57 0.15 473 265 0.185 4.5 22 50 0.16 474 161 0.286 5.9 28 42 0.46 475 156 0.308 7.7 31 55 0.85 476 1478 0.043 9.9 35 60 0.57 477 1232 0.055 7.8 35 63 0.75 478 233 0.266 10.1 52 40 0.72 480 655 0.159 8.0 37 57 0.33 481 1875 0.066 9.0 45 62 0.76 482 1042 0.054 8.4 36 47 0.98 483 532 0.088 10.2 34 50 0.53 484 2264 0.032 10.3 40 47 0.99 485 1582 0.049 11.5 41 59 0.69 490 601 0.122 14.0 42 54 0.00 491 687 0.106 12.2 40 65 0.39 492 1086 0.069 11.5 44 56 0.50 493 533 0.126 12.2 46 55 0.66 494 417 0.118 11.2 40 58 0.49 495 584 0.081 9.9 36 53 0.65 11 -11 36

Table 2: The number of tows (A), mean species per tow (B) and number of distinct species captured (C) in each stratum (Str) for each of six 4-yr time periods.

1970-73 1974-77 1978-81 1982-85 1986-89 1990-93

StrA B CA BCA B CA BCA BCA BC

440 11 10.36 24 12 9.00 21 12 9.75 25 13 10.38 30 20 10.20 28 15 11.40 37 441 11 9.36 27 10 8.00 20 12 9.00 29 14 10.00 30 17 10.59 29 21 10.67 37 442 9 5.89 19 11 4.82 18 12 5.33 22 12 6.58 31 23 6.57 27 21 7.14 37 443 14 6.43 20 14 6.36 22 15 5.67 20 17 6.18 20 18 5.50 18 13 5.38 26 444 14 8.14 23 23 8.39 31 17 6.29 23 19 8.42 34 22 7.64 31 32 9.22 39 445 16 9.56 29 14 9.71 30 17 8.06 26 17 9.53 36 18 11.00 41 17 11.35 40 446 10 10.20 26 12 9.25 22 12 10.08 27 13 12.23 38 12 11.75 33 11 12.55 31 447 17 7.59 24 18 8.61 23 17 6.94 21 16 8.25 16 24 6.96 20 29 7.14 21 448 16 8.44 25 17 7.47 21 18 7.22 21 16 7.88 21 20 6.40 19 28 6.43 23 449 8 8.88 19 9 6.00 17 7 6.57 14 7 6.29 15 8 5.38 14 8 6.00 17 450 9 7.89 23 12 9.75 22 12 8.50 23 12 8.58 25 12 9.33 25 12 9.92 28 451 7 10.86 22 8 9.38 22 9 8.11 24 8 11.63 25 8 12.00 25 7 11.14 23 452 8 9.13 25 8 11.75 25 10 12.70 29 8 11.88 32 9 14.89 31 10 14.20 35 453 10 9.30 21 12 10.00 29 12 10.92 34 12 10.33 32 9 10.00 26 9 10.44 30 454 11 8.64 24 12 8.67 26 11 8.82 21 12 7.83 25 9 10.33 26 9 8.22 20 455 26 9.46 27 26 10.38 27 28 10.18 23 29 10.83 29 30 9.57 29 41 9.71 32 456 20 9.45 29 21 10.76 25 25 10.16 37 23 9.57 34 25 10.72 32 32 10.31 41 457 8 10.13. 30 9 6.89 19 9 7.00 21 8 9.50 24 10 9.90 30 10 11.10 32 458 12 7.58 22 12 8.08 22 12 7.83 19 12 8.58 22 16 6.63 23 33 7.70 32 459 13 9.69 32 16 10.06 33 16 9.56 33 17 10.88 41 22 12.18 46 20 10.40 37 460 8 9.75 22 7 10.29 21 8 8.75 20 8 14.00 29 13 12.31 31 12 11.08 28 461 9 9.22 17 8 7.75 18 8 9.88 23 8 12.25 24 10 10.50 24 7 9.43 19 462 13 10.00 24 16 9.63 26 18 10.61 27 16 12.00 34 19 11.63 33 18 11.39 30 463 8 9.75 22 8 7.50 16 8 7.00 19 9 8.00 25 8 8.25 24 9 8.22 21 464 15 10.27 25 19 10.32 23 20 9.20 26 19 9.53 29 23 10.26 28 30 11.33 33 465 20 7.40 26 19 8.32 24 22 10.50 37 21 8.05 32 29 8.93 35 41 7.66 33 466 9 8.11 21 12 9.50 28 11 9.00 33 12 11.33 29 9 10.44 26 8 9.88 29 470 7 13.00 23 9 12.33 24 8 12.13 22 8 13.00 27 10 12.10 28 8 11.38 23 471 8 7.88 18 8 8.88 17 8 8.50 18 8 12.13 24 8 9.75 21 8 8.63 19 472 8 8.38 17 8 10.38 21 9 8.33 25 8 11.88 29 15 8.40 26 18 7.33 26 473 8 4.38 12 8 5.13 11 8 6.25 14 8 5.38 17 8 4.63 11 9 3.89 15 474 8 7.50 19 8 5.63 15 8 6.00 14 6 7.83 19 8 6.75 18 8 4.63 13 475 8 5.88 15 8 10.13 20 8 9.38 22 8 7.25 20 8 9.88 23 8 5.00 14 476 8 9.75 22 11 11.18 22 7 10.43 25 8 10.75 25 14 11.57 26 16 10.94 27 477 8 8.13 21 8 9.00 22 9 9.67 27 8 8.50 24 15 7.93 29 20 7.55 29 478 9 9.33 21 12 12,42 29 11 10.36 29 12 13.00 41 9 11.11 27 9 10.00 28 480 14 8.86 26 14 8.71 24 13 8.62 23 16 9.69 29 16 8.19 26 31 7.71 27 481 16 8.06 27 13 10.62 32 16 10.00 30 16 10.69 31 23 9.91 36 36 11.53 40 482 7 7,43 19 9 7.56 19 9 9.89 22 8 10.88 26 11 10.45 28 12 9.75 30 483 8 9.38 21 7 11.29 21 8 11.38 22 8 12.38 25 8 10.75 24 8 11.50 26 484 10 10.10 22 12 11.17 26 11 9.73 24 13 12.38 31 15 11.60 29 12 10.83 26 485 9 9.11 22 12 10.58 22 11 12.91 28 13 13.54 35 22 12.64 37 11 13.09 35 490 8 11.25 32 11 15.09 35 11 14.36 29 12 16.33 39 15 16.33 40 16 15.25 34 491 10 10.70 30 12 11.08 26 11 14.00 30 12 13.17 34 15 12.67 36 12 13,75 33 492 12 10.42 28 12 12.75 31 12 10.33 32 12 13.08 32 15 12.27 37 12 12.75 30 493 9 12.11 28 12 12.58 27 11 12.09 31 12 13.17 32 12 13.83 32 11 13.82 37 494 8 10.63 26 8 13.38 26 8 11.63 28 8 12.38 31 8 11.75 25 9 11.67 25 495 8 7.75 22 8 9.75 20 7 12.00 24 8 10.38 24 8 11.13 27 8 10.38 23 37

Table 3. Common and scientific names of Scotia-Fundy finfish species.

Common name Scientific name

Albacore Thunnus alalunga Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Alligatorfish Aspidophoroides monopterygius Alligatorfish, Arctic Asspidophoroides olriki Alligatorfishes (NS) Agonidae f. American Eel Anguilla rostrata American Plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides Anchovy, Striped Anchoa hepsetus Anglemouth, Longtooth Gonostoma elongatum Anglemouth, Veiled Cyclothone microdon Angler, American Lophius americanus Angler, Deepsea Ceratias holboelli Anglerfishes (NS) Lophiiformes o. Antimora, Blue Antimora rostrata Argentine, Atlantic Argentina silus Argentine, Large-Eyed Nansenia groenlandica Argentine, Striated Argentina striata Argentines (N.S.) Argentinidae f. Barracudina, Duckbill Paralepis atlantica Barracudina, White Notolepis rissoi kroyeri Barracudinas (NS) Parafe pis sp. Barrelfish Hyperoglyphe perciformes Basses, Sea (NS) Serranidae f. Batfish, Atlantic Dibranchus atfanticus Beardfish Polymixia lowei Beardfish, Stout Polymixia nobilis Blackback Pseudopleuronectes americanus Blackfish, Cornish Cento/ophus medusophagus Blacksmelt, Goitre Bathylagus euryops Blenny, Snake Lumpinus lumpretaeformes Blenny, Yarrell's Chirolophus ascanii Blennys (NS) Lumpenus sp. Blueback Alosa aestivalis Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix Bonefish Albula vulpes Bonito Sarda sarda Bonito, Striped Katsuwonus pelamis Brill Scophthalmus aquosus Bulleye Cookeolus boops Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus Butterflyfish, Spotfin Chaetodon ocellatus Butterflyfishes (NS) Chaetodontidae f. Capelin Mallotus villosus Cardinalfish, Sherborn's Howella sherborni Cardinalfishes (NS) Apogonidae f. Charr, Arctic Salvelinus alpins Chimeara, Deepwater Hydrolagus affinis Chimera, Knifenose Rhinochimera atlantica Chimera, Longnose Harriotta raleighana 38

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Chub, Bermuda Kyphosus sectatrix Cod, Atlantic Gadus morhua Cod, Atlantic Tom Microgadus tomcod Cod, Greenland Gadus ogac Cornetfish, Bluespotted Fistularia tabacaria Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus Cusk Brosme brosme Cutlassfishes (NS) Trichiuridae f. Daggertooth Anotopterus pharao Dogfish, Black Centroscyllium fabricii Dogfish, Smooth Mustelus canis Dogfish, Spiny Squalus acanthias Dogfishes (NS) Squalidae f. Dolphin, Common (fish) Coryphaena hippurus Dory, American John Zenopsis conchifera Dory, Buckler Zenopsis conchifera Dory, Red Cuttus roseus Dragonet, Spotfin Callionymus agassizi Dragonets, (NS) Callionymidae sp. Dragonfish, Bluenose Melanostomias spilorhynchus Dragonfish, Boa Stomias boa ferox Dragonfish, Threelight Trigonolampa miriceps Dragonfish, Torpedo Grammatostomias dentatus Dragonfishes, Bighead (NS) Borostomias sp. Dragonfishes, Scaled (NS) Stomias sp. Dragonfishes, Scaleless (NS) Melanostomiatidae f. Eel, American Anguilla rostrata Eel, Common Wolf Lycenchelys paxillus Eel, Conger Conger oceanicus Eel, Duckbill Oceanic Nessorhamphus ingolfianus Eel, Gray's Cutthroat Symaphobranchus kaupi Eel, Green Moray Gymnothorax funebris Eel, Margined Snake Ophichthus cruentifer Eel, Neck Derichthys serpentinus Eel, Ridged Neoconger mucronatus Eel, Slatjaw Cutthroat Symaphobranchus kaupi Eel, Snipe Nemichthys scolopaceus Eel, Snubnose Simenchelys parasiticus Eel, Spiny Notocanthus chemnitzi Eelblenny, Slender Lumpinus fabricii Eelblenny, Stout Lumpenus medius Eelpout, Arctic Lycodes reticulatus Eelpout, Atlantic Lycodes atlanticus Eelpout, Checker Lycodes vahlii Eelpout, Esmark's Lycodes esmarki Eelpout, Laval's Lycodes lavalaei Eelpout, Newfoundland Lycodes terraenova Eelpout, Pale Lycodes pallidus Eelpout, Polar Lycodes polaris 39

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Eelpout, Vachon's Lycodes esmarki Eelpout, Vahl's Lycodes vahlii Eelpout, Wolf Lycenchelys verrilli Eelpouts (NS) Lycodes sp. Eels, Conger (NS) Conger sp. Eels, Moray (NS) Muraenidae f. Eels, Spiny (NS) Notocanthidae f. Eels (NS) Anguillidae f. Escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Filefish, Fringed Monacanthus ciliatus Filefish, Orange Aluterus schoepfi Filefish, Planehead Monocanthus hispidus Fish (Unidentified) Pisces p. Fishdoctor - Gymnelis viridis Flounder, American Plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides Flounder, Blackback Pseudopleuronectes americanus Flounder, Deepwater Monolene sessilicauda Flounder, Eyed Bothus ocellatus Flounder, Fourspot Paralichthys oblongus Flounder, Gulfstream Citharichthys arctifrons Flounder, Smallmouth Etropus microstomus Flounder, Smooth Liopsetta putnami Flounder, Spotfin Cyclopsetta fimbriata Flounder, Summer Paralichthys dentatus Flounder, Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus Flounder, Winter Pseudopleuronectes americanus Flounder, Witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Flounder, Yellowtail Limanda ferruginea Flounders, Lefteye (NS) Bothidae f. Flounders, Righteye (NS) Pleuronectidae f. Flyingfishes (NS) Exocoetidae f. Footballfish, Atlantic Himantolophus groenlandicus Frogfish, Ocellated Antennarius ocellatus Frogfishes (NS) Antennariidae f. Frostfish Benthodesmus elongatus Gadoids (NS) Gadidae f. Gaspereau Alosa pseudoharengus Goatfish, Red Mu//us auratus Graysole Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Greeneye, Longnose Parasudis truculenta Greeneye, Short-nosed Chlorophthalmus agassizi Greeneyes (NS) Chlorophthalamidae f. Grenadier, Common Nezumia bairdi Grenadier, Marlin-spike Nezumia bairdi Grenadier, Rock Coryphaenoides rupestris Grenadier, Roughhead Macrourus berglax Grenadier, Roughnose Trachyrhynchus murrayi Grenadier, Roundnose Coryphaenoides rupestris Grenadier, Saddled Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus 40

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Grenadier, Straptail Malacocephalus occidentalls Grenadiers (NS) Macrouridae f. Grouper, Red Epinephelus morio Grouper, Snowy Epinephelus niveatus Grubby Myoxocephalus aeneus Gunnel, Banded Pholis fasciata Gunnel, Rock Pholis gunnellus Gurnard, Flying Dactylopterus volitans Gymnast, Atlantic Xenodermichthys copei Hagfish Myxine glutinosa Hake, Blue Antimora rostrata Hake, Longfin Urophycis chesteri Hake, Off-shore Merluccius albidus Hake, Red Urophycis chuss Hake, Silver Merluccius bilinearis Hake, Spotted Urophycis regius Hake, Squirrel Urophycis chuss Hake, White Urophycis tenuis Hakes (merluccius) (NS) Merluccius sp. Hakes (urophycis) (NS) Urophycis sp. Halfbeak, Common Hyporhamphus unifasclatus Halibut, Atlantic Hippog/ossus hippoglossus Halibut, Greenland Reinharditus hippoglossoides Hatchetfish, Silver Argyropeiscus aculeatus Hatchetfishes (NS) Sternoptychidae f. Herring, Atlantic Clupea harengus harengus Herring, Blueback Alosa aestivalis Herring, Round Etrumeus teres Herrings (NS) Clupeidae f. Jack, Crevalle Caranx hippos Lamprey, Sea Petromzon marinus Lancetfish, Longnose Alepisaurus ferox Lancetfish, Shortnosed Alepisaurus brevirostris Lanternfish Lepidophanes guentheri Lanternfish Diogenichthys atlanticus Lanternfish Centrobranchus nigroocellatus Lanternfish Diaphus rafinesquii Lanternfish Diaphus termophilus Lanternfish Myctophum selenops Lanternfish Notoscopelus caudispinosus Lanternfish Lampadena luminosa Lanternfish Notolychnus valdiviae Lanternfish Hygophum hygomii Lanternfish Diaphus mollis Lanternfish Hygophum taaningi Lanternfish Diaphus perspicillatus Lanternfish Protomyctophum arcticum Lanternfish Electrona risso Lanternfish Notoscopelus resplendens 41

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Lanternfish Lobianchia gemellarii Lanternfish Diaphus effulgens Lanternfish Bolinichthys photothorax Lanternfish Lampanyctus macdonaldi Lanternfish Lampanyctus ater Lanternfish Ceratoscopelus warmingii Lanternfish Myctophum asperum Lanternfish Notoscopelus bolini Lanternfish Lampanyctus photonotus Lanternfish Lampanyctus pusillus Lanternfish Lampanyctus festivus Lanternfish Diaphus taaningi Lanternfish Lampanyctus intricarius Lanternfish Benthosema suborbitale Lanternfish, Glacier Benthosema glaciale Lanternfish, Horned Ceratoscopelus maderensis Lanternfish, Jewel Lampanyctus crocodilus Lanternfish, Kroyer's Notoscopelus elongatus kroyerii Lanternfish, Largescale Symbolophorus veranyi Lanternfish, Mettalic Myctophum affine Lanternfish, Mirror Lampadena speculigera Lanternfish, Spotted Myctophum punctatum Lanternfishes (NS) Myctophidae f. Lightfishes (NS) Gonostomatidae f. Ling, Blue Molva dypterygia Ling, European Molva molva Lookdown, Atlantic Selene vomer Loosejaw, Lightless Malacosteus niger Loosejaws (NS) Malacosteidae f. Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus Lumpsucker, Atl. Spiny Eumicrotremus spinosus Lumpsucker, Leatherfin Eumicrotremus derjugini Mackerel, Atlantic Scomber scombrus Mackerel, Chub Scomber japonicus Mackerel, Frigate Auxis thazard Mackerel, King Scomberomorus cavalla Mackerel, Spanish Scombromorus maculatus Mackerels, Snake (NS) Gempylidae f. Mako lsurus oxyrinchus Manefish, Greenland Caristicus groenlandicus Manta, Atlantic Manta birostris Man-of-war Fish Nomeus gronovii Marlin, Blue Makaira nigricans Martin, White Makaira albida Marlin-spike Nezumia bairdi Menhaden, Atlantics Brevoortia tyrannus Monkfish Lophius american Moonfish, Atlantic Selene setapinnis Moras (NS) Moridae f. 42

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Moray, Green Gymnothorax funebris Morays (NS) Muraenidae f. Mullets (NS) Mugilidae f. Myctophid (NS) Myctophidae f. Neckeel Derichthys serpentinus Ocean Pout Macozoarces americans Oilfish Ruvettus pretiosus Opah Lampridae guttatus Pearlsides, Muller's Maurolicus muellefi Pilotfish Naucrates ductor Pipefish (NS) Syngnathus sp. Plaice, American Hippoglossoides platessoides Poachers (NS) Agonidae f. Pollock Pollachius virens Pomfret, Atlantic Brama brama Pomfret, Bigscale Taractichthys longipinnis Pompano, Common Trachinotus carolinus Porbeagle Lamna nasus Porcupinefishes (NS) Diodontidae f. Porgies (NS) Sparidae f. Pout, Atlantic Soft Melanostigma atlanticum Pout, Ocean Macozoarces americans Pricklebacks (NS) Stichaeidae f. Puffer, Northern Sphoeroides maculatus Puffer, Oceanic Lagocephalus lagocephalus Redfish, Acadian Sebastes fasciatus Redfish, Deepwater Sebastes mentella Redfish, Golden Sebastes marinus Redfish, Labrador Sebastes fasciatus Redfishes (NS) Sebastes sp. Remora Remora remora Remora, Spearfish Remora brachyptera Rockfishes (NS) Scorpaena sp. Rockling, Fourbeard Enchelyopus cimbrius Rockling, Silver Gaidropsaurus argentatus Rockling, Threebeard Gaidropsarus ensis Rocklings (NS) Gaidropsarus sp. Rosefish, Blackbelly Helicolenus dactylo pterus Rudderfish, Banded Seriola zonata Ruff, Black Centrolophus niger Ruff, Brown Centolophus medusophagus Runner, Blue Caranx crysos Sagre, Rough Etmopterus princeps Sailfish, Atlantic Istiophorus platypterus Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar Sandlance, American Ammodytes americanus Sandlance, Northern Ammodytes dubius Sandlances (NS) Ammodytidae f. Sargassumfish Histrio histrio 43

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Saury, Atlantic Scomberesox saurus Sawpalate, Stout Serrivomer beani Sawtailfish, Ribbon Iniacanthus fasciola Scabbardfish, Black Apahanopus carbo Scad, Bigeye Selar crumenophthalmus Scad, Mackerel Decapterus macaellus Scorpionfishes (NS) Scorpaenidae f. Sculpin, Arctic Myoxocephalus scorpioides Sculpin, Arctic Hookear Artediellus uncinatus Sculpin, Arctic Staghorn Gymnocanthus tricuspis Sculpin, Atlantic Hookear Artediellus atlanticus Sculpin, Bigeye Triglops nybelini Sculpin, Common Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus Sculpin, Fourhorn Myoxocephalus quadricornis Sculpin, Grubby Myoxocephalus aeneus Sculpin, Hookear (NS) Artediellus sp. Sculpin, Little Myoxocephalus aeneus Sculpin, Longhorn Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus Sculpin, Mailed Triglpos murrayi Sculpin, Moustache Triglpos murrayi Sculpin, Nybelin's Triglops nybelini Sculpin, Pallid Cottunculus thompsoni Sculpin, Polar Cottunculus micropes Sculpin, Ribbed Triglops pingeli Sculpin, Shorthorn Myoxocephalus scorpius Sculpin, Snowflake Hookear Artediellus uncinatus Sculpin, Spatulate Icelus spatula Sculpin, Twohorn lcelus bicornis Sculpins (NS) Cottidae f. Scup Stenotomus chrysops Sea Lamprey Petromzon marinus Sea Poacher, Atlantic Agonus decagonus Sea Poachers (NS) Agonidae f. Sea Raven Hemitripterus americanus Sea Tadpole Careproctus reinhardi Searobin, Common Priondius carolinus Searobin, Northern Priondius carolinus Searobin, Striped Prionotus evolans Searobins (NS) Triglidae f. Seasnail, Blacksnout Paraliparis copei Seasnail, Dusky Liparis gibbus Seasnail, Gelantinous Liparis fabricii Seasnail, Greenland Liparis tunicatus Seasnail, Inquiline Liparis inquilinus Seasnail, Striped Liparis liparis Seasnails (NS) Liparis sp. Seasnails (NS) Careproctus sp. Shad, American Alosa sapidissima Shanny, Arctic Stichaeus punctatus ■

44

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Shanny, Daubed Lumpenus maculatus Shanny, Radiated Ulvaria subbifurcata Shark, Atl, Sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Shark, Basking Cetorhinus maximus Shark, Blue Prionace glauca Shark, Deepsea Cat Apristurus profundorum Shark, Dusky Carcharhinus obscurus Shark, Greenland Somniosus microcephalus Shark, Porbeagle Lamna nasus Shark, Po rtuguese Centroscymnus coelolepis Shark, Sand Tiger Odontaspis taurus Shark, Shortfin Mako lsurus oxyrinchus Shark, Smooth Hammerhead Sphyma zygaena Shark, Thresher Alopias vulpinus Shark, White Carcharodon carcharias Shark, Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus Sharks (NS) Squaliformes o. Sharksucker Echeneis naucrates Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus Silverside, Atlantic Menidia menidia Skate, Arctic Raja hyperborea Skate, Barndoor Raja laevis Skate, Eyed Raja ocellata Skate, Jensen's Raja jenseni Skate, Little Raja erinacea Skate, Round Raja fyllae Skate, Shorttail Raja jenseni Skate, Smooth Raja senta Skate, Soft Raja mollis Skate, Spinytail Raja spinicauda Skate, Thorny Raja radiata Skate, White Raja lintea Skate, Winter Raja ocellata Skates and Rays (NS) Batoidei o. Skates (NS) Rajidae f. Skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis Smelt, Rainbow Osmerus mordax Smelts/Capelins (NS) Osmeridae f. Smoothhead, Baird's Alepocephalus bairdii Smoothhead, Bluntsnout Xenodermichthys copei Snailfish, Atlantic Liparis atlanticus Snailfish, Dusky Liparis gibbus Snailfish, Gelatinous Liparis fabricii Snailfish, Greenland Liparis tunicatus Snailfish, lnquiline Liparis inquilinus Snake Mackerels (NS) Gempylidae f. Snakeblenny Lumpinus lumpretaeformes Sole, Gray Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Spiderfishes (NS) Chlorophthalamidae f. 45

Table 3. (cont'd)

Common name Scientific name

Spiny Eels (NS) Notocanthidae f. Stingray, Pelagic Dasyatis violacea Stingray, Roughtail Dasyatis centroura Sturgeon, Atlantic Acipenser oxyrhynchus Sturgeon, Shortnosed Acipenser brevirostrum Sturgeons (NS) Acipenseridae f. Sunfish, Ocean Mola mola Swallower, Black Chiasmodon niger Swallowers (NS) Chiasmodontidae f. Swordfish Xiphias gladius Tadpole, Sea Careproctus reinhardi Tapirfish, Backfin Lipogenys Tapirfish, Largescale Notocanthus chemnitzi Tapirfish, Shortspine Polycanthonotus rissoanus Tapirfishes (NS) Notocanthidae f. Tarpon Megalops atlanticus Tautog Tautoga onitis Tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Tomcod, Alantic Microgadus tomcod Torpedo, Atlantic Torpedo nobilana Triggerfish, Gray Balistes capriscus Triggerfish, Ocean Canthidermis sufflamen Tuna, Albacore Thunnus alalunga Tuna, Atl. Bonito Sarda sarda Tuna, Bigeye Thunnus obesus Tuna, Bluefin Thunnus thynnus Tuna, False Albacore Euthynnus alletteratus Tuna, Skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis Tuna, Yellowfin Thunnus albacares Tunas (NS) Thunnus sp. Tunny, Little Euthynnus alletteratus Turbot Reinharditus hippoglossoides Viperfish, Sloan's Chauliodus sloani Wahoo Acanthocybium solanderi Warbonnet, Atlantic Chirolophus ascanii Whiting, Blue Micromesistius poutassou Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus Witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Wolf Eel, Common Lycenchelys paxillus Wolffish, Atlantic Anarhichas lupus Wolffish, Northern Anarhichas denticulatus Wolffish, Spotted Anarhichas minor Wolffishes (NS) Anarhichadidae f. Wrasses (NS) Labridae f. Wrymouth Cryptacanthodes maculatus Yellowtail Limanda ferruginea Angler, Lesser Deepsea Cryptopsaras couesi Cod, Arctic Boredgadus saida Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Sea Devil, Triplewart Cryptopsaras couesi Triggerfish, Queen Batistes vetula 46

Table 4. Summary of seasonal survey results by stratum 1979-85. The number of tows (A), the mean number of species per tow (B), and the total number of species observed (C).

Spring Summer Fall

Str A B C A B C A B C

440 3 12.0 18 22 10.0 37 16 11.0 32 441 3 6.7 18 23 9.7 37 15 10.7 34 442 3 5.3 11 21 6.3 32 17 7.4 28 443 14 6.6 23 28 6.0 29 19 6.4 26 444 16 8.6 27 32 7.8 38 26 9.0 31 445 17 11.2 32 30 8.9 45 22 10.4 39 446 14 12.7 29 22 11.4 40 17 11.9 41 447 22 7.1 18 29 8.0 20 24 7.3 23 448 22 6.7 21 30 7.8 24 24 8.5 29 449 12 8.9 22 13 6.4 17 10 6.8 18 450 18 10.8 27 21 8.7 28 25 10.7 30 451 12 11.9 31 15 9.9 31 17 10.4 40 452 12 12.1 31 16 12.3 34 24 14.6 .41 453 18 12.7 35 21 10.6 37 18 12.8 41 454 18 8.9 29 20 8.3 29 24 11.1 40 455 40 7.6 22 50 10.5 29 41 9.9 29 456 32 7.3 28 42 9.7 32 36 10.2 32 457 10 10.4 29 15 7.9 29 22 11.6 36 458 15 5.1 24 21 8.1 23 18 8.7 24 459 17 11.2 36 29 10.3 47 25 11.0 37 460 15 12.7 30 14 11.7 31 14 10.6 27 461 14 10.0 21 14 10.7 23 14 10.9 23 462 24 12.1 32 30 11.2 35 27 11.2 33 463 13 8.7 24 15 6.9 25 12 8.8 19 464 30 8.6 30 34 9.4 33 29 9.4 29 465 30 11.1 35 38 9.2 38 34 9.4 37 466 18 13.1 38 20 10.4 35 17 10.8 44 470 15 13.4 30 14 12.9 26 12 13.1 29 471 16 12.0 29 14 10.7 25 13 11.0 28 472 15 9.3 32 15 10.0 32 14 9.4 34 473 14 5.7 19 14 5.4 16 12 7.0 34 474 10 6.9 22 12 7.1 24 12 5.8 37 475 14 11.9 34 14 8.1 24 12 11.0 40 476 14 12.9 30 13 10.5 29 14 12.6 34 477 16 11.6 29 15 8.7 30 14 11.6 32 478 17 12.7 34 21 11.9 46 17 13.1 47 480 27 9.0 26 26 9.2 30 24 10.0 32 481 28 10.8 37 27 10.2 36 22 11.3 37 482 15 11.1 30 15 10.2 27 12 10.7 27 483 8 11.1 25 14 12.2 27 13 10.7 23 484 22 13.0 36 22 11.3 28 21 12.2 27 485 19 13.9 36 21 13.6 36 19 15.2 36 490 16 13.1 37 20 15.7 39 14 16.9 38 491 15 13.3 34 20 13.6 33 18 14.8 40 492 16 14.9 34 21 11.7 33 18 14.7 39 493 11 13.0 30 20 12.8 38 14 17.1 43 494 8 10.6 23 14 12.1 34 10 12.3 26 495 9 11.9 29 14 11.1 30 10 14.5 29 47

Table 5. Residency status of species compliment by stratum and season.

Strat Total # of % of species % of species % of species % of species species in spring in summer in fall all seasons

440 42 43 88 76 36 441 47 38 79 72 32 442 42 26 76 67 19 443 37 62 78 70 49 444 46 59 82 67 46 445 54 59 83 72 46 446 55 53 73 75 38 447 26 69 77 88 50 448 33 64 73 88 52 449 28 79 60 64 32 450 40 68 70 75 48 451 51 61 61 78 45 452 54 58 63 76 39 453 55 64 67 75 47 454 49 59 59 81 39 455 34 65 85 85 58 456 39 72 82 82 59 457 42 69 69 86 50 458 33 73 70 73 49 459 51 71 92 73 65 460 36 83 86 75 67 461 32 66 72 72 47 462 42 76 83 79 67 463 31 77 81 61 48 464 40 75 83 73 58 465 53 66 72 70 45 466 60 63 58 73 37 470 37 81 70 78 51 471 34 85 74 82 59 472 45 71 71 76 53 473 36 53 44 94 36 474 40 55 60 93 45 475 44 77 55 91 52 476 38 79 76 90 66 477 39 74 77 82 64 478 65 52 71 72 40 480 40 65 75 80 50 481 46 80 78 80 65 482 39 77 69 69 46 483 39 64 69 59 41 484 42 86 67 64 47 485 47 77 77 77 58 490 48 77 81 79 54 491 45 76 73 89 60 492 43 79 77 91 65 493 49 61 78 88 51 494 44 52 77 59 30 495 43 67 70 67 40 48

46 •

50 Path 43 51 100 Path .44 100 Path 45

—

S« -\ , 44. umeteceew

DEPTH ZCNES, (folhomsl 550

.1 51 •l00

1 > co 42 ' l'ÇVe•- 1 1 1 1 68 66° 64' 62° 60' 58°

Figure 1 Scotia - Fundy Summer Survey Stratification Scherne

SCATARIE

a ,..•• 0

.JV

•-L. ‘-'2.....rtx.9,,,,<; 4.. „He.

. . :: .. .7...... , ______-- --.. . --. ..-- --L_■--.....,.....„ II ROI. I „"...... „...... ,' ...____-...—...,----- tytGl2...«..so.; S \ .. .... _./..r.„.„/"...--- • ■,„, \\:\...) ./..,■.'

Figure 2. Offshore Banks and Basins of the Scotia-Fundy Region. 49

Cumulative Number of Species Reported by Stratum

60 -, --+-4 4 0 60 -, -+-446 --441 --a -447 -6-442 50 -+-448 ••1&•443 --o--449 -•t•444 •-+• 4 5 0 ti-445 40 40 -+-451

30

30

20 I

20 -I 10 -i

10 0 65 70 75 60 65 90 95 65 70 75 60 as 90 95 Year Year Figure 3. Figure 4

60 7 -m-452 -+-+15 8 --2-453 -+-459 -4-454 -•-460 --r•-4 5 5 -- -_4 61 -•+•456 +-462

-+e-457 n La-463 .^^ 11-;;!

10 .-I

0

65 70 75 t0 85 90 95 65 70 75 s0 65 90 95 Year Year

Figure 5. Figure 6. 50

Cumulative Number of Species Reported by Stratum

60 -i --- 464 60 -, --t-473 ---w-465 -a-474 50 -4-466 A 50 -*-475 ••w•470 --w-476 r .•+-471 r-" D.P^ffi .0 6.4 40 . i --^-477 t --472 a. 3 40 -&-47e Ir' ^ M J019 4 30 30 e,1► ^ce4l «k$(1a «V- mm" M . ,^^..t. n n 20 ^^M ^^ 20

fT/ x^•// _ 10 --I 7 0 -I

0 0

66 70 75 80 85 90 95 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Year Year

Figure 7. Figure 8.

60 60 - --•,480 -'*--490 -dm -481 --491 -•-482 5o -•-492 --»-•483 --«•493 •-+--484 --é-494 40 -+-485 -+-495

30 30

20 20

10 1 0 --^

o 0 I 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Year Year

Figure 9. Figure 10. 51

Figure 11. Sampling Effort and Effectiveness for Summer Surveys

3

2

44 V 42 V 41 45 40' 52 j4g0 82^ V64 66 1 • 0 46 •56 75 62 n 7 • ^^ ^ 1 :795 9^54 •58 78 51 50 ^ ♦ 83 • À 74 5^ 61 9^ 5 1 94 80 • 43 53 •^ 73 7•y72 90 • ï 0 .

• Mid-depths V Edge -1 A Fundy n Basins • Banks

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 Stations per Square Nautical Mile 52

68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 12. Diversity in summer 1970-73

Species per tow

1 1 1 1 1 1 68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 13. Diversity in summer 1974-77 53

68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 14. Diversity in summer 1978-81

68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 15. Diversity in summer 1982-85 54

I I I I I I 68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 16. Diversity in summer 1986-89

I I I I I I 68° 66 64 62 60 58 56

Figure 17. Diversity in summer 1990-93 Mean number of species per tow 65 Figure 18.Trendsinthe the Cameron 70 (A), the 75 Needier 55 mean number Year 80 (B) and of across bothvessels 85 species caughtby 90 (C). 95 7 56 01990-93 Ili 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 Q1111974-77 î'l BM 1970-73 ‘,1 111.n...... id1>L1111 , :..leuz.,...... _ _ p upplifir 11 v 11111 ollp gill! wilmidnin IlYil hIgill WO m111 El Mil ire91 1 1 ip 11 lq, 1 1 ! ly 411 1

Figure 19. Species Composition of Stratum 440 in Summer since 1970

O 1990-93 11111986-89 D1982-85 Cal 1978-81 Ell 1 97477 • 1970-73

A

III III lîri II 11111111IN u•IIII?e/751 111inggUMEIMQE§EirmEBt=emrmanm ...... ,- "IPIIII IRM 11 11111111P1111111/IMP Will PI MO 1/1 1111 ee 1 1 11P

Figure 20. Species Composition of Stratum 441 in Summer since 1970 57

6 E] 1990-93 EUI 1986-89

ce 1982-85 •'>5 en r 4 1978-81 .\• cur EEO 1974-77 Oc 3 of 1970-73 cy en

u 2 Freq

Ii MI glâNOmieuffl 1.11LIZEIMI=11=11=16IDESSMSS1E2ZIEW11==r= 0 C=3 0 îî î

Figure 21. Species Composition of Stratum 442 in Summer since 1970

7 D 1990-93

1986-89 ce 5 Eel 1982-85 ren 1978-81 OM 1974-77 of Occur

III 1970-73 ency u eq Fr

)5,2 EMI 05.77, 11111 Irpi E]te:9 c=m= ca. • lam arm 11 110 11 m1 1111 § 1 11 Il l " 1 1

Figure 22. Species Composition of Stratum 443 in Summer since 1970 58

7 0 1 9 9 0 - 9 3 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 11111) 1974-77 MI 1970-73

ITELLiec3F2U•hilintaremmen

Figure 23. Species Composition of Stratum 444 in Summer since 1970

a 1990-93

LE 1 9 8 - 8 9 ce 0 1982-85 ren eh. 1978-81 ED 1974-77 of Occur II 1970-73 cy uen Freq wrpurnpilimnpupulupplemewLIOzuse ze SIMelaigMéiSIEZISIEMDozommororuscacturnot.n. hhr hpleed pu 111 4ie4n$13/5 Lb! 1M h 1 PP î 1.1111 11,

Figure 24. Species Composition of Stratum 445 in Summer since 1970 59

7 El 1990-93 ma 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 ®1974-77 M 1970-73

E^®® ® ®®® H ®^^^o©®©®®©®®®®=7:

M O Ow 8,^ ^ Co

Figure 25. Species Composition of Stratum 446 in Summer since 1970

6 E31990-93 5 ED 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 ®197477 3 0 1970-73 q q 2

1 I I wu I 11 ® ® ® a I 9w ® ®®®OD O® ® ©®® o e ^ g W F ^ Z

^ 0 t

Figure 26. Species Composition of Stratum 447 in Summer since 1970 60

7 O 1990-93 5 01986-89

5 ON 1982-85 1978-81 4 ®197477

3 N 1970-73 ^ 2 u^ ///. IIIII o o®- - - ®®®®®®e

I 19 1} 119 1110 1 1119 f!L w r. fa C < rc ^ C

Figure 27. Species Composition of Stratum 448 in Summer since 1970

6

1711990-93 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 ®1974-77 3 N 1970-73

2

o a ®

Figure 28. Species Composition of Stratum 449 in Summer since 1970 61

7 El 1990-93 6

be, 1986-89 ce 1982-85

en 5

25„1. 1978-81 4 III 1974-77 of Occurr

IN 1970-73 3 ncy

2 Freque

a IllI 1111 ,,,,, \ 0 i 1111 a s.M IVAM mirmo uza=mssm ossm is-weffif,5ARHoel , 2 e e "e6

Figure 29. Species Composition of Stratum 450 in Summer since 1970

C11990-93

1986-89 ce 1982-85 4 1978-81 [1101974-77 of Occurren III 1970-73 cy 2 î Ifil Frequen 1 11-1-Ur]

0 M lielL Elmoommmmminommualum figMHIMI mygp- îgpg0211ge§11 I IIPIMI U P P e! §fi

Figure 30. Species Composition of Stratum 451 in Summer since 1970 62

6 0 1990-93

5 1986-89 ce n M1982-85 4 FM 1978-81 curre

Oc MID 1974-77 3 of î Ill 1970-73

ency 2 u

Freq 111

o î 1111 îlLIKENE0- Elmmmmmm000 p er(sq!.. wFSZ v14111111 0 e- ieel glo 'PL7, î 1 q ege qV fi 2 D 1

Figure 31. Species Composition of Stratum 452 in Summer since 1970

6 El 1990-93

CA 1986-89 1982-85 rrence 4 1 1978-81 11111 1197477 Occu 3 of

II 1970-73 cy n e 2 u

Freq ilium- ° I àleiddàle. ZA C MMMI=1======51 1 efiril!WW1111 Olegp2l1 5pi1e 1 !e e " lie eg Ieffl g ug 1111 1 1 q411 e t, I . a.

Figure 32. Species Composition of Stratum 453 in Summer since 1970 63

6 M 1990-93 5 1 1986-89 1982-85 ence 4 1 1978-81 [1131974-77 of Occurr 11111970-73

2 1/4

Frequency 1111 1 UIL 5 o EEO riff fiEDUMEMMcsi=mmormaccommmal eu[fp, 5 82e r ePIMPHIM1pIe (à 2 e wle , e0 ,q1 6 l8 ee.0 hdâ 5 1 1 0 1 " 9 h e 1

Figure 33. Species Composition of Stratum 454 in Summer since 1970

7 0 1990-93 6 1986-89 1982-85 5 1 e , 1978-81 4 1 II1E1 1974-77

of Occu rrence 1 NI 1970-73 3 cy en u 2 3\1 Freq 11111 11111 hill D'm HI hill 2 11151e11111/11W1 1 011' e Idqg0 l e Il e 111/ s

Figure 34. Species Composition of Stratum 455 in Summer since 1970 64 s

1:11990-93 5 RV 1986-89 1982-85 4 %/ 1978-81 ®197477 3 M 1970-73

2

1 o I Ii^ ®0 W®®®®®®®®®®®ooo 5 v,1^8^È - ^ U^ ^ E l l

Figure 35. Species Composition of Stratum 456 in Summer since 1970

s

O 1990-93 5 01986-89 1982-85 4 ii 1978-81 ®1974-77 3 N 1970-73

2

1 9 o Wq,dW®NBooE®ammm®®oo

Figure 36. Species Composition of Stratum 457 in Summer since 1970

65

1990-93

1986-89 ce ce

en 1982-85 r 4 1978-81

Occur MI111974-77 3 of •i 970-73 cy

en 2 2 u eq Fr 1 11111 ••7 'ea o ezzza 0 ÎLBiiir7um î z g 1? 1 H 8 2 IJ§)ï e o, qu y elàig c` (Q F>2 î e § 9 2

Figure 37. Species Composition of Stratum 458 in Summer since 1970

E1990-93

5 Ea 1986-89 1982-85 4 1978-81 all111974-77 Occurrence 3 of III 1970-73 uency uency — Freq 111 Fl• 11111 ID

o 11111 11111plingfill111111W g 1 WWMPUUMIPh pg11 e Idp§ 11 M eF, qh g 2 z " e

Figure 38. Species Composition of Stratum 459 in Summer since 1970 66

01990-93 1986-89 e 1982-85 rrenc 1978-81 u OM 1974-77 Occ

of MI 1970-73

uency Freq

WA 711 MIL 1111 UBMMEMMoor==== e111P11111151 Ru le 11111 1H 101 9 0e114°

Figure 39. Species Composition of Stratum 460 in Summer since 1970

7 01990-93 6 1231986-89 1982-85 1978-81 4 1 ED 197477 of Occurrence •i 970-73 3 s's cy en u 2 A Freq 11111,

IMM A luhl 0 >>>>) A ormsinnamm. eeme51 0 1 11 11 11 11M

" 111111 11 PH g 1 2 111

Figure 40. Species Composition of Stratum 461 in Summer since 1970 67

6 O 1990-93 5 01986-89 1982-85 4 1978-81 ®197477 3 01970-73

2 ^ ! Ô F. ^.. im FBI ® ON ... ®®®®®BO®®oo©© S T Y Z ^.1 ^I ^ Î! ~ sç Î^il I I id53, ^ ^ 11113-: 1 * g I § ^ ^ ^ ÿW QçTc Q< Fp ¢ M,g 8 y } ^ 0 N 1 i" ^ s 9 6 ^ k ! S W Sg'^ ^ o ^ ^SCS o

Figure 41. Species Composition of Stratum 462 in Summer since 1970

7 O 1990-93 6 1986-89 5 1982-85 1978-81 4 ®1974-77 M 1970-73 3 2 V/01 ^ q 6 9

q

Figure 42. Species Composition of Stratum 463 in Summer since 1970 68

CI 1990-93

1986-89

ence 1982-85 M1978-81 EQ31974-77 of Occurr • 1970-73 ncy Freque efill e l 11111 19 1 aee 0410mI m1 1111 WI II I 8 4 g g lt 411wfilq l i 1 1 e q rneir 1 1 2 < e

Figure 43. Species Composition of Stratum 464 in Summer since 1970

6 El 1990-93 5 1 1986-89 1982-85 4 1 1978-81 MIO 197477 3 1 of Occurrence 1970-73

2 uency i Freq 111 111 %,4 vr, 0 lile. >4(.1âNhie-i.. 1MneePWWWWWMMUI yigelpilil P WW 1 g Tgl ml §

Figure 44. Species Composition of Stratum 465 in Summer since 1970 69

El 1990-93

5 El 1986-89 ce 1982-85 en rr 4 1978-81

Occu ED 1974-77 3 of

NI 1970-73

2 uency Freq 1 III Ill III 0 ' R neuu MBEMMO MMiimm =mmitsemsomm O MMgel e hhI2eesqqh"e l ln 1!111WWW1 1111 ESIleVe ddeeg 01 dpipiq e 5° coe peaï gâ -1' 2M e g5 2 e5 o

Figure 45. Species Composition of Stratum 466 in Summer since 1970

7 El 1990-93

E31986-89 e 5 1982-85 rrenc 1978-81 4 EH 1974-77 of Occu 1 MI 1970-73 3 cy I en u 2 eq I Fr 1 HO hill 1111 1111

Iiialil>>Iiiiii;DEDumaumeseremrs§socrni ° n151111111411 Ifi li WI M 1111 1 1, 111 kr 1 9 9

Figure 46. Species Composition of Stratum 470 in Summer since 1970 70

7 01990-93 6 01986-89

5 ON 1982-85 1978-81 4 ®197477 M 1970-73 3

2

I \\\; III I. ® ® 0 I ^^ 6 ^ ^M -. E - I I g ^ V1 = e ^t[ NI

Figure 47. Species Composition of Stratum 471 in Summer since 1970

7 s M 1990-93 ED 1986-89 6 1982-85 NO 1978-81 4 ®197477

3 M 1970-73

2

MEN' 1 1 % 1 \\ 0 \\ \\ ®®®®®®©

Figure 48. Species Composition of Stratum 472 in Summer since 1970 71

7 ID 1990-93 6 1986-89

5 1982-85 1978-81 4 ®1974-77 M 1970-73 3

2

1 \\\\\ ^ 1 ...... ^ 0 1MI O ® ® ® o 0 0

Figure 49. Species Composition of Stratum 473 in Summer since 1970

s 1:31990-93 5 El 1986-89 1982-85 N 1978-81 ®197477 3 01970-73

^^^r• %// .^.., .....1 ® ® ® ®

2 1 1 0 3 ONp ^ N Z, ^ 6 rjg ¢O N ^jô ^

S fYÿ

Figure 50. Species Composition of Stratum 474 in Summer since 1970 72

7 01990-93 6 1986-89

5 1982-85 rrence 1978-81 4

Occu ED 1974-77 of IIIII 1970-73 3 cy ■ uen 2 Freq 1 11111 , 33 ZSMS1 Mil 11111 I:=1 Egg cum (22= r=z, tzn2 f22721 O C=1 0 §f5 o MgegP5" /W 1 Ii 22M?Al WWO 8 e ,c§ e P °15e2 Ie s î 2

Figure 51. Species Composition of Stratum 475 in Summer since 1970

6 01990-93

5 1986-89 ce 1982-85 4 urren 1978-81 Ell 1974-77 Occ 3 of

III 1970-73

ency 2 u Freq 1

Sel •••: 1M? 11111 o 1 11111 A g gPM M OISekm== 1W1q1 !1 1 111 1 W 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 , 2 âqo e 1 1 l

Figure 52. Species Composition of Stratum 476 in Summer since 1970 73

7

U1990-93 6 ae 1986-89 ce 5 1982-85 rren e»; 1978-81 4 Occu 01E111974-77 of 1 II 3 1970-73 uency 2 eq

Fr 1,1 w c 7 1 MI res. >»). uI hill hill 11111 M 0 m jeldâ )))). fflisissEmmezamma=.--- OgnIlpgglIHfiqW1 WHOP e ffi .3Opegd 9 0 fiw„ g 5 1 gg w E g e g e e5-

Figure 53. Species Composition of Stratum 477 in Summer since 1970

6

1990-93

5 1986-89 ,• 1982-85 4 .7 1978-81

Occurrence El 1974-77 3 of ï IN 1970-73

2 uency Freq 1 11 111 0 î Êleeââilm à112 eeil leelyolrl g h 441g re P§Olgî111- ge 1 , e eln' 91e 1 2 1 1 2 2!

Figure 54. Species Composition of Stratum 478 in Summer since 1970 74

7

1990-93 6 1986-89 ce

en 5 Eel 1982-85

curr 1978-81 4 Oc 011 974-77 of

m 3 • IC 1970-73

e uency 2 Freq d OIE Ill 611s1 mi uII tss. î 1111 giu.ew-2emm

ecUl'IgHg115elmio5 gi co„EwuR gemeliggifigtà°'ec° l qe 1 6e gg âlw e g e 2 e'e e e ude

Figure 55. Species Composition of Stratum 480 in Summer since 1970

7 C11990-93 6 1986-89

5 , 1982-85 1 1978-81 4 ME 1974-77 of Occurrence MI 1970-73 3 ency u 2 Freq 1 zek [7] "I 20 lî. ï rlele 47.11 C1111mum- all d d 41,01D 0110M11111104Pplië 1 WW1 1 il 1 'V-1 11 g V 1' 0ire 1 1 1 1

Figure 56. Species Composition of Stratum 481 in Summer since 1970 75

6

O 1990-93 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 ®1974-77 IN 1970-73 ï ® ® 0 11 M IA M ® ® ffl BO®®®®ooooo - IN N

N

Figure 57. Species Composition of Stratum 482 in Summer since 1970

6 ED 1990-93 5 1986-89 1982-85 4 1978-81 ®1974-77 3 M 1970-73

2 q ^ ^.. 0 ^ \\ B®oo®®^®oo®® Ii 15 i g5 w^ ^

< ^ W

Figure 58. Species Composition of Stratum 483 in Summer since 1970 76

s O 1990-93 5 1986-89 r-1171 1982-85 a WO 1978-81 ®1974-77 3 M 1970-73

2

1

0 I

Figure 59. Species Composition of Stratum 484 in Summer since 1970

6

D 1990-93 5 1986-89 RIN 1982-85 4 1978-81

3 ®1974-77 M 1970-73 2 1 I

o ^ lliI . N 8l:1®Mo®o®®m ! I x I I^^^^^^^^^^ÿ^^^^^^^^^^^^q^^^^^^^^

Figure 60. Species Composition of Stratum 485 in Summer since 1970 77

6 E}1990-93

5 1986-89 1982-85 rrence 4 1978-81 1 ED 1974-77

3 › of Occu IIII 1970-73 ncy 2 ue 111111. Freq

eei !îelîî:â 111.311 1 1111 0 Je l' OeMnA119 ngo MIUM Ilq11101 1 1g1! ff 8e q Îq'5 2 ghill11; - Odlq e 92 q 5 î ° W e g'?125 o

Figure 61. Species Composition in Stratum 490 in Summer since 1970

6

O 1990-93 5 CM 1986-89 e 1982-85 4 1978-81

Occurrenc 1 El 1974-77 3 of 1 1 1 IM 1970-73 ency 2 u 1 Li Freq 1 À Lil IIH > 1 ■ 02145 lid 111:1 " 11 11 W I IP II I Ie l ° 11 1 1 111 4111 î2mee ll 8 eP elgV5 HO'cill 8 qÉ 2 ILÎ 1 121 e u. 2 Wee 1

Figure 62. Species Composition of Stratum 491 in Summer since 1970 78

s

1711990-93 1986-89 1982-85 IN, 1978-81 ®197477 M 1970-73

„®hw,,..... O®o®MooMo©

¢ N ^pS ^ ^jS I y^ W y > 6 p ^ *W ` IL ^ U 14 ^ N 5" N N N^^^ S 8 W_ ^^ C7

(4QY7 ^N

i u !vtI

Figure 63. Species Composition of Stratum 492 in Summer since 1970

6 O 1990-93 1986-89 1982-85 1978-81 ®1974-77 M 1970-73

.,:

0 Y ^^^^^^®®®^®®i^^®^ooooo®®o®®®® R^^^^^ÿ^^N^^^ 8xgin^$ 1 s

Figure 64. Species Composition of Stratum 493 in Summer since 1970 79

6 D1990-93 5 1986-89 e c 1982-85 en rr 4 1978-81 [0E1974-77 Occu 3 of MI 1970-73 ncy 2 ue Freq 1

1111 :: U11 eâil em mmmmulmm=lo 0 Ë1 Wrn 7U cT, g I ll 1- 111 pl il gh1115 10.=pIl à ! 1 2 e e

Figure 65. Species Composition of Stratum 494 in Summer since 1970

6 1990-93 5 1986-89

ce 1982-85 4 ' 1978-81 [11101974-77 3 of Occurren 1111970-73

ency

u 2 eq Fr 1 III

, , , 0 zMMIIIMMMEmmEMMEM

1 50 n

Figure 66. Species Composition of Stratum 495 in Summer since 1970 80

Figure 67. Relative Species Diversity and Inventory by Stratum

60

55 — d te 50 — 1 e46 or Rep

45H A ies 92

ec 85 2. 64

Sp k 40 — 94 of

80 62 r

82 ■■ be o 550 87863 m " Nu l 0 Mid-depth 1 ?)15 ta 30 75 E V Edge To o Fundy Li Basins 25 — 0 Banks

20

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Mean Number of Species Captured per Tow 81

5 10 Species per tow 15

422 I I I I 1 68° 66 64 62 60 58 Figure 68. Diversity in spring 1979-85

I I I I 68° 66 64 62 60 58 Figure 69. Diversity in summer 1979-85

66 64 62 60 58 Figure 70. Diversity in fall 1979-85

82

3.5

Ofall 3

Msummer 2.5 wispring

2 Occurrence of

1.5 1 uency 1 1 1 • Freq u a 0.5 1 727 0 OBB Ele z OCYWWW1..1.16-11102111MYM xk,zxmcrmb5..= wWX0r.,0 1-....z.tç.00.<- 0. _WcOCO WCO - 0.--0-wwz2-zbx 6A ict z . E 5 5 05...1w..9z05M 0 0(0 3.L.0 < 2 x -97.; g0 z9 g0 2 0 b 0 0 00 i 00,...D 0.,oe 0l/f2 ..3bgccmPoww 00p .°(3° _e W 50 w 05 0 w ,, z „ 0 0 Lc. o cc . ?..1 e e wffiin Q£5.11J31— x 2ie_owz0000,,, m til co e ° Do ccimoocço 3 20 b W1-g.,00ffi0 w ..J St-LiP2DEqeF,2, EC w, 3e ec -. o 00 ..-, W-7 . F D o D Dg 0 œP 200° cc = wx0 Ox w ii 0 co 0-?..œ , 0 ffi, cL u..Z cC 0 < 5 0 0 m e*0 § 0 D cr 0 cc 0, cc 0 0 0 2 I- — a 0 cc

Figure 71. Species Composition of Stratum 440 by Season from 1979 to 1985.

3.5

3 Efall

summer

ence 2.5 •spring

2 Occurr of

1.5 cy uen 1 Freq 0.5

0 all/111.1111L2.11111.11111111111111bluziEWDDEITifq.__.-1L1PBUE3ot=E=1=11=11=or, 6-11)1weejbettr,-k...6-0ezz=zŒtuir1zzx ===11 0.14 MWCC _fir woDco9 S w 21-Dc) oz w,ceoâot, 00 41 ca 0 g ct 0 8 oeg ew2 0 wt,c,o;o gg05gww i Ëg2 co rc Z cïq g- emgÉ - n w mespieJF5k,9m-e.gD... < ui F/). '2"c' É 52Z V'CC1 re " eigTi' g e e g •i> 2 t 2 0 0° o 222 w0 0z z 0 9 5 L.P. 02 o 2 0 e 0 0

Figure 72. Species Composition of Stratum 441 by Season from 1979 to 1985 83

3.5

3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0

Figure 73. Species Composition of Stratum 442 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 O-fall 3 Elsummer

2.5 Nspring

2

1.5

1 0.5 e ff d ^ia ®B^^OO®^^^^^^ooooovo 2 H FZ, N ^ N^^ Il- N w$} ôZ ti Z3 3 ô ô FF5 W ^ 3 â g o N Z NZ m sue N N IL ¢ N 2 W M Q W Z)

Figure 74. Species Composition of Stratum 443 by Season from 1979 to 1985 84

3.5 D fall 3

Ea summer e c 2.5 IIIIIspring rren 2 Occu of 1.5 cy uen Freq 0.5

o zv2-k.s 3ffi, zxxx W.B.'lux zz lei"@COURSgg5Eew21(qap,Elg?,25q omn b-, Eew ) b Bze4 80,Alpqgpoe,82>coaromvaWeV,P8 Lulq-'q0 ÎDLOI

Figure 75. Species Composition of Stratum 444 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 II] fall 3 Msummer e 2.5 11111spring

2 Occurrenc of 1.5 cy Frequen 0.5 I 1 11111-00

aleM;° o 1 Wilieâg@=calqqînel 6-812wwE1 m565-gegg Ê392efti - MIRUM '- aelg8U 6 WIeWleVreDepleffild WILUR grdgge° dtga441 e 5c,E qr1qPiq w 0•-• i2FEW,D.5) 9, 1 âz Égqi q TL. 8 co I , ea

Figure 76. Species Composition of Stratum 445 by Season from 1979 to 1985 85

3 M fall 2.5 Osummer Ospring 2

1.5

1

0.5 { I 0 0 iiaDIIJ10q^ ^^®qBB^^©^ooooooo®© © © o^ 9 =ÿ:01: oe ^! :Wcg^ÿ^;G3 Z^wô^sG°^ô55_^WW ^ 2^ ô ^ ^ °z aF7.^ ^ ^ ^ ZY s5 Û a^EZa.7wq ^^^F^^m NN (7^ o ^giôoô ^Zwo g W^ZZ û7^C^ = (7 Ô ÿôgô à€^1 ^8 = ^ 3 N 3 9^ C S^^ C7 w^€ ÿ ^ ÿ â ^gz a Niâ^^ ;â^^ N a^^ 2 ^p mw t7 ° (7 ^ â 92 ^$ N = g0§^ °^ 3M < N ^ < N [L

Figure 77. Species Composition of Stratum 446 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ofall 3 Elsummer

2.5 Nspring

2

1.5

1

0.5

6^ 0 I. w 6j Q ®iiiii ^^ ® G b J'u x z lu G W

N a N

N 8

Figure 78. Species Composition of Stratum 447 by Season from 1979 to 1985 86

3.5 Ofall 3 Osummer

2.5 Wspring

1.5

1

0.5

0 ^®B0^®oo00®®® ., 10 ^j G P2 !5 ° G N w 3 g q^ ^^^++ ^ 5 5^^ ô 3^ e^ ^ Q W [IHU W^5 8 ^ N k s 3 5^F Sg 9 µ7^, zS G d ü à! g ` ^° Fa N ^

Figure 79. Species Composition of Stratum 448 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Ofall Osummer =spring

iss

I Q q M B w M [ 1

Figure 80. Species Composition of Stratum 449 by Season from 1979 to 1985 87

3.5 Elfall 3 Eilsummer

2.5 "'spring

2 of Occurrence

1.5 cy en u eq Fr

0.5 ■ o in U111 1EglE2aiiMMEg111•111M1111e===== ZI 5. e,Égz e,,Êle e ne! e elÈLUgr) 8e1Uô a e, OZ eo § g e ce0g- à O p (1â e e, 92 g 2

Figure 81. Species Composition of Stratum 450 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Elfall

2.5 e Elsummer spring renc 2

1.5 of Occur uency Freq 0.5 mmIll 0 ;Î'm îâ Gegwnn__ EqE.M1111MMoommo=mmommtmczam paM (315M.UVIIWunffl-g- FegiaocT,dmuffiddulîa,T,Ug *(qpgMe? I gee, V, 280 ,§ 2 W1 5 PrePqrq(UP, n8a 2 ?2h15M'd 949d 8 nW°Bd°51ffl5O ec q e rA- ieW9n.d.9= Idgego§ grOn geg ., q11,âg,0 'A

k) 'a r q,g 5,d( 2 pV 0 PV inj2r m 8Z VîqgÉÉW () W ?w Ow m0 H.'m j 59FAÈlq § WID W < o z bo a 80 a o p,) q o z o u- a ,o grozwz< o 0 P 0

Figure 82. Species Composition of Stratum 451 by Season from 1979 to 1985 88

Ofall Osummer Ospring

1

Ili I0 BDnnnqnnBBBoooooo©°ooooo X^°GUY- w W^ZFLL^^xZ GI-^YqI- Wpq^Z=^^ YIfL?Ûg^ÔN W jF- r,Wû xJ_^g xe ^ SC, ^ ^i`Z^ ^3a ^rLô6^F^^^ ^ W NâftâG^^ri 2WN8?YIÔ O°^U^2`LFF N W 7Zy pC cc ^ ^^^^^^Q^^^^^N (7 ÿ gj ô ,{ Z .ZFL

r, g x U (W7 ^ l' 2

cc z w as ^i > N LL N ^ 6 ^ Z ^ Cr

Figure 83. Species Composition of Stratum 452 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Ofall 2.5 ffilsummer Nspring 2

1.5 1 6 0.5 6 0 0 I 7 ^^^^'®®^^q©BB®^^^^^oooooooooo©©© cw4i^°uZ^u°SGF W ^^^^Géô Q mcYS^^oi Z ^^ô^^^ 0 ^ g 4 W p ^ â e. 5^^=0p7 ŸN7 ^ x^ "'tj^^p Q1^^Ôpa ^ Za j x3_^c7w _F° iOCU LLN1¢LL 1Fu c^Q ^UZ0 si °X ^ ¢IU- ^O ^ Q LL ^Q^^N^ ^mfWL N ^Y^.^j $a ^+7¢ ° 9 eN¢ZY^j^ °=ZSO °.^mrc KOtJR w â9 O ^^ ^^^^N^^ ^ J° ^ 5 U ¢ ^ ya ¢ Q N`V.l^i g Lr ^^ N " Z ^ 2 N^ O 61 w^ 3 Q Y^ p ^ ô O^ u ^ m N m 7 O x g = Z üOF a^ ° M W Ir LL cc ¢ N Cr ^ 0 N â N~ ¢ Q 2 9

Figure 84. Species Composition of Stratum 453 by Season from 1979 to 1985

89

3 Effalt 2.5 Elsummer 11.11 Mspring

rrence 2

1.5 of Occu

uency Freq 0.5 mmummmàw

o à à à la iiiieJgwaumumo um. 2 grelaîmqwmw. 44,0>,2xrIgoWgIgrpequR5e1, dul .,oge,?op ngeomeon2à5 Ee-z. i3 e0ge leo(A es- h-W-e0cîwD erge'àedÉ1 peg cw ge lgM uh, 41 9 5 cl c?) og. o g O x al 2 e. 2

Figure 85. Species Composition of Stratum 454 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ofall 3 Msummer

2.5 11111spring rrence

2 Occu of

1.5 ency u Freq 0.5

0 IWJ 'Lug o o

E IN AN IC DER A g â SH, g • e c a LANCE ti FI , 8 0*w

SCULP o Eff,à-É-

e KRAN11C) ND qi 2 É c SA OR RED FlAe OR e - GOOSE g 0 MAILED ffi AMERICAN PL g WITCH FLOUN g 5 ERN 9 HERRING( e § Q. SQUIRREL NORTH

MONKFISH,

Figure 86. Species Composition of Stratum 455 by Season from 1979 to 1985 90

3 Ufa° Elsummer •spring 2

0

1

0.5

0 wave cggffie mwv,ffie4 wwxI 8/ge,mmv arwyop<5,1d§ QO 21' ?e § mmdic- § c°0 4qq g 2 Q o

Figure 87. Species Composition of Stratum 456 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Elfall Msummer "'spring 2 o o 0 1.5 o = 1

11. 0.5 a 0 î îleol .xwmÊ0.2Augg,y l g g e M V ne - e R , g a I VO w d§duffi-1-B9cow 8 q?‘ e WQW , rOp' 8 r'1) erhlfielih c)-x I@ wq n(52 o yrn rdz g oz âp c, 2 zoo 0 o

Figure 88. Species Composition of Stratum 457 by Season from 1979 to 1985 31

3 Ofall 2.5 0summer Wspring 2

1.5

1

0.5

0

r 12 9 ^ 11) N $ W ]S Ô W x z F, ? q U ^ Si F7 U-^ U z q 2-^ p w q

^ i7 Q N aw P ^ ^ ^ N

^sâ . 08

Figure 89. Species Composition of Stratum 458 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 ^fali 2.5 summer Mspring 2

1.5

1

^ 0.5 I [I i^ l 'r iii < a I ^^8^^8^^^08^8®eeqo..©®©©©o®®®® (31 WII -b W q ZgwsZF, ^ ^ ^z q ^] S ^ ^ ¢ ¢ ^ a 7 LLa N ^ ^ NW W N NU i U^j U ij N q ¢ N O ^ a a4 ^ ^ j$ N q F-I ^ ¢a w q ° ^ ^ -: ^o^ 7 ^^ ¢p ^ Z ^ ^ n o ^s ^ ¢ u^ ^ 5 ^ ^i ^ t^ 5 ^ < ^ ^ W ^ ^ °z `n^ N g d$ â4z^^^?¢¢ ^m¢ ^^^(^

Figure 90. Species Composition of Stratum 459 by Season from 1979 to 1985 92

3 EJfall 2.5 Ellsummer e c 1111spring en 2 Occurr 1.5 of ncy

ue 1 Freq 0.5

0 CZ73 G77 C=I ra U0 5 WI e g F (à 5 M gue zci 5 5 5 8 e , M g (,) 5 .. B e . . E 7 . oa wcr 1 `e 8 0 g o Y, 2

Figure 91. Species Composition of Stratum 460 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ufall 3

Eisummer ce •spring en 2.5

2 of Occurr of 1.5 cy en u eq Fr 0.5 m m Ire k 1=1 É::1 0 0 0 0 0 Iffl rzza cî Li 0•2 1 g ge§M§ W Zgg „ z g g E ré,a < g 8 ij 6 e g is 15 e e e cn,b 2 â ° 8 a e E o .c e o e; â o g 5 0 u.1 cc 5 <0 u.° â

Figure 92. Species Composition of Stratum 461 by Season from 1979 to 1985 93

3

Ofall 2.5 Misummer ce Mspring

Occurren 1.5 of uency Freq 0.5 1 iii

0 h il LiiiiLilitàâU Qo ,...,===---- rdeeM 0 5""l el ficqPf e qWâq84ffi we ffi fi"OPrallIghDr4 Oh ° V ez dOhO ng 8 MM gglhge,mgeg 2qq!§ffiggeOlP "F) Fx g prOq ggrO ehâE 5 eËg hg g2 9 ° M@ " o° z0 < 0 2

Figure 93. Species Composition of Stratum 462 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5

CI fall 3 Elsummer ce 2.5 •spring

2 Occurren of

1.5 ency u Freq 0.5 i n

0 ffi ggwffl g â e g *§ TÏjj T0 CO § p O 2 g

8 ki *p, GUNNEL( § 2 (î (@eglelî K ROC " É 2e

Figure 94. Species Composition of Stratum 463 by Season from 1979 to 1985 94

3.5 ^fall 3 Osummer

2.5 Wspring

2

1.5

0.5 ^ 0 biLJ

g^R4a w ^LL ^z °^ x , W ^ ^ = ô a 2 N â = Îi w g a:y . N ^ ^Z p m r` ° g j ^^T ug° a ^ ^ 6c 51 U o a Q Q zo

Figure 95. Species Composition of Stratum 464 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ofall 3 t^summer

2.5 Wspring

1.5

0.5 ^

0 ^ ^i 800 B^^ o r o 0 ^..^ - -.. o 0 0 0__- - - - CC U^ J N^ w x ÿ^ R^ Z LL ^ x fS ^ x W 4ffi F cYi Ÿ¢ G Û Ÿ" U Y G^^ G ^^ W^ G wi w z^^i £ G^ fi^^ c W^Z,, ^L ¢ ^ ^ K ? ^ Y M 41 ; ^ W ^ N , - s ^ Ô ii kV â^S ° Û N R. {Y 1 ° Tt'p N a o ' ^ p gq R Z ¢°Z RS $^^, N m= c^ CoN IRagy ` g^QNls^^Z M °wS -^o z O F N^ F Z ^ (a W^ N N W^ 9 ^ ÿ a 2) ^Up ^tr ÿ ^Z ^ ^ ^^ âwp i fD

Figure 96. Species Composition of Stratum 465 by Seasong from 1979 to 1985 95

3 Ofall 2.5 EMsummer Mspring 2

1.5

1

0.5

0 QU;ll ©88Î^^ 0^qqq^^^^ o® ©oooo 00000000 ¢ w YY^YGG ^T ^TZ ¢TZSS SLL Z S^ SZNT^ h 2

waZCfiw^T^^9^^^^^1w^ 1 2 ^^sS?°^^^^^M3ga-^5?ô4pH^^^sm^^¢ Z

y^â^g g^^eo^O^y ^ y^gNZZZt ^^6] mWC^NW g^^î8^^° ^ =e 00 P^ z^a 8 ^ 2 (? 3F .. e O N ¢ ^

9

Figure 97. Species Composition of Stratum 466 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ofall 3 Osummer

2.5 =spring

2

1.5 ^sÿ 1

0.5 hd IRII q 0 © qq ^i E ©EIO MOO=mm©

$ z^i^ EH Stb zg oN ^

Figure 98. Species Composition of Stratum 470 by Season from 1979 to 1985 96

3.5 EDfall Osummer

2.5 Mspring

2

1.5

0.5

^^00©ifi^i ^^^ooo a s jr Cr W3 z WQ N 8 ^

Figure 99. Species Composition of Stratum 471 by Season from 1979 t0 1985

3.5 Ofall Osummer Wspring

^ ^ i ^^ LJ ^^®^É^^®^^^^^oo©©©©©oooo ^ U Y 1- U Y N° Y s^? J W^ G Ç LL W^ V- Z Y W^^ 1- a S^ Z N W x N Z F- 2 J^ ^ 5^3 I gO^ U^^ 1- 7^^ N U W 7 N W^ W Z ^ O Z Z N 9¢ N a F- Vl ^Rsz ^gNgQg(q// 2 aE

Figure 100. Species Composition of Stratum 472 by Season from 1979 to 1985 97

3

EJfalI 2.5 ISisummer •spring 2

1.5 of Occurrence

cy uen Freq 0.5

0. 2A I oe g g e 8 ep, &) n ÉgLitii E cY î § RED FIAKE e 2 e < g Ojo Re2Le 8 e 8 0 a e 2 e e w g UIRREL OR 'd 111,1 SQ

Figure 101. Species Composition of Stratum 473 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Elan 2.5 E2summer 11111spring 2 Occurrence 1.5 of ency u Freq 0.5

0 EE o'ISWâ 61(T) 0 F oe iI. 6 LS' HA a ge.ccuc rdeegecc L 8 z LAI Dige Z g_i•.,L(jrà)sle.e?àogicî,'.,:, 7, Oig`Pi;lcaLcîeg 0 S, ,-,—›(1-. 8 8 Fg 2 g g a(s: 8È"ie. ,% êîig- g d5 8 15e ggg co co a. n z .u-) E 9 F5 Pc' z u.ci wco . o 8 2 Œ

Figure 102. Species Composition of Stratum 474 by Season from 1979 to 1985

98

3 CUM!

2.5 Esummer ce • spring 2

Occurren 1.5 of

ency 1 u eq Fr 0.5

lig 0 .bzu,T,6-.rneffi g wern-g ,T,, 8HeAeI Ileâffloww/g2gg.Imgmargoo re? , W501qe -a2P.PgligOcOu e * Je 3 r P g É 8 9 e gg a 0 e 2 2

Figure 103. Species Composition of Stratum 475 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Ulan 2.5 Eisummer

ce • spring 2

Occurren 1.5 7e• of

cy en

u 1 Freq 0.5

0 1 îtiLea Kki),6.Wffi'615—àE'2É5gge,esMtsiqacl-p)(oldï 1 ,q' Lei 2:t% 5 d e 1,2 u4 ?o_c% g 2 e, •10?,cir=152c%g Flireewg2 ,r= cél (à8

Figure 1 04. Species Composition of Stratum 476 by Season from 1979 to 1985

99

3.5

Chi! 3 Chummer 2.5 Mspring

2 Occurrence of

1.5 uency

Freq 43- :.>•,>;1 0.5 mr ii M en- 0 ' fàâP z Fie, 8 2 .0 `z 0 5 ich É. 8 8 0 g§r4g g §IE , = a. o;.1 9 lâ DRAGONFISH e- 6' 8à.* ` 9 a z 0 5 W Li EDO lie E rz 0 2 e o in w - wcr z 5 g g il., . 0 › * F 8 c.) â 5 o < 0 w g g 0 cc ct 0 TORP › < 0 0

Figure 105. Species Composition of Stratum 477 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 EJfaJI 2.5 [Mummer ce MIspring 2 Occurren 1.5 of

uency Freq 0.5

0 fflefflee8fflWffleQefflecT)cÎWfflee.Fne4gmfflW5fflbbefflffF,T, eegug;,' ÊàeegedIWUP d 21En 6% 2 moc'8e sgwîiu*5 walm0RwEn- meréax Effi w w>onzg — eo Èf c'Czee(Doowg oz-- o mu Le- ggEor 5 8pâ g8 g g Éws e ggi5 w ‹ 8 e 5 8 È ge z , a

Figure 106. Species Composition of Stratum 478 by Season from 1979 to 1985 100

3.5 Mfall 3 1,■•■

Elsummer

2.5 lispring

2 Occurrence of

1.5 cy equen Fr U7; 1 0.5

0 z e z o o i( ) f â 2 g œ 8 gi2 5 E Hr oui 5 ep,g§1. LC g w i âg< -0 2eie"o Wu, z FO° Fq ° J. 9 e . 5 Qo É 0 o

Figure 107. Species Composition of Stratum 480 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Ufa 2.5 Osummer MIlspring 2 Occurrence 1.5 of ency u

Freq 1 0.5

0 gO0will aiOCICI■ mlim meamm=so 6GEMz maffinwmffiguppgv,effiureffi. PlUgqP, gli . or,A 5 (àeoig rîi me,=- ec ifA4 2e-28e '4 ddhe,2 ?-filgae 32 g0(12 a aPr le Prii 9.° d Ig l,gp r 12-fil WOLg (pg. e bez ogg 9 0‹5m 5 ir) g g 0 eiîJ 2 Œ c) 0 0 0 0

Figure 108. Species Composition of Stratum 481 by Season from 1979 to 1985

1 0 1

3 Elfall

2.5 Ellsummer ce IIIIspring ren 2

Occur 1.5 of

ency u e Freq 0.5 ,'_,..:- e [7]

o îleel Ili 222 F,g wWLS.igtm,F5Ifisg,wo- golg=re- g-§eef.;§ g - z arif2a,f, n rn 0W 'el 0 > De()CORIS < 0 p al eorz' bc 'Z'z8 w.goo Et; ,E g D9g1 g m ffi w w 0 9— w ze ; 5 ; Lu8 (.11 3 9 5 5 ffi z (5 5 ( n e E 0 Ô à F- g 2

Figure 109. Species Composition of Stratum 482 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3 Dfall

2.5 Mummer ce IMIspring 2 Occurren 1.5 of

cy uen Freq 0.5 .4§ i 1.1 m [IL 7-7 1111.111111MMIIIIEIElimmoc======WwwWWEae.,1,-9,E56.e)auggeig. -,11 .f.T) os.e_ g-p, wà .q. e eetà- 5 cc;) 2=P)gg.50aco ›gl'rc911-q9à . . ..5..„.w.„..,_ .... ... , 0 .... w _ „0,,,z,. ô ° 2 â [I' (-3- g 2 e, 9=ÊF, ;,-__ „ 8 ±-9.ffi =5 zqe, e . w 0 o ,T) e, d e g li Ei 0 0 e g ciÉ ujc, cc(?, go br 0 2, n y e a e ce

Figure 110. Species Composition of Stratum 483 by Season from 1979 to 1985

Frequency of Occurrence Frequency of Occurrence Figure Figure 3.5 0.5 2.5 1.5 o 2 3 ?arrav "1" n' 112. 111. e Wni Species Species re '-d"(›e§e'e5e,chP`5 riâg P o _r% " IVu 81 e Composition of D_ oo Composition of gqig . (6) ‹ffl -a Ê,5e rr 2 fMeR &'? - - 0 a cr8 Wo 0 0 PqnealH VW.a46Arq-CH g qâ — - e8 o - co › 5 0 u5s (T,g,,e Stratum 485 by Seasonfrom1979to 1985 5g ffi Stratum 484bySeasonfrom1979to1985 .... 80 Œ < aggnpeUgqâUIWW5ne cc s<2“ m , - 102 e.w.g.ffics eqrg .Î - e..e.,. z LIWUWa - a , 1 îm g5 5- ' 2 . m 8 2 . -wo.mvpg-rigur%)@0 iQU mF,o .ro. c?) ' ). zg iiiiiMMOGelcumcmoom=2...... EIQu .-5-05('. - g K

ffi ww.k.ffip e,m ar= g(= . â2 0 Q ,g,, dq 0 m

mmmm g - giE&,g5fs .-- 5 Illspring Misummer INspring Elsummer Efall - Jo.c . 0 A w 0 ? •=5,, f2w. e ig

103

3

Ofall 2.5 Misummer 1111111111spring

1.5

1

0.5

o WE wQi®GOMMnw© ? ô OF !- ^G Y ^ ô ) L LL N g > O^ ^ 32 SQ xQ ^ ^ ^ ^ oZ w a a 3Z

U5 r. ,LL z^:a:ô^ya I mN¢ILLiÎ Z ¢ N ^ W i li fibi W ¢ 5 Co ô U â Z c z^ cc a N o t7i a i ÿ N o s â s N M V)

Figure 113. Species Composition of Stratum 490 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5 Ofall 3 Osummer 2.5 Nspring

2

1.5

1 0.5 e 0 MM^MQOE3B0M=M=oooo

6 !- Û g? LL W Û 0 Y 12 Û^ W G W S Y^% S QJ ^i Z J S^ll f7 R ^^ll S âr W W S^ LL xoµ1 w $qd N 4i ^ ^ ô ô C N S 0 U ^ ^ ^ N ^ 2 Co ^ 9 ^ § x m 10 Ô y 9 ^ È Q Ô 4 ^ à ^ g ffi ^ ai p Y

Z^ Û ¢ N q ^ ^ S `kJ` 4 ^ ^ I7 ^llyy Q ^ Z T^ xw, ^ ^ z

¢ VO ^ ÿ LLF-7 Z LL^Z^ WZ a- â Q N 7 N

Figure 114. Species Composition of Stratum 491 by Season from 1979 to 1985 104

3 C7fall Osummer Elspring

W 0 .e qW1J®WQqBn=OO=o Z G" W F- ^^^, Y^3 Y^7 NIR Z ZQQ N Y Y Û Wp ^g^Gs^ L/1 ? o S ? N Û w U Ô^ âi N ¢ O

w w ^I , ii _ 0 CO ,J W ^ ^ ¢ ¢ N 3 Z g^^ a x¢ p (¢7 Z U âfl ¢ 7 â ^ ^ ^ !NC (t o N o CO^ gR:

Figure 115. Species Composition of Stratum 492 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3

Ofall Osummer Wspring

^^E+3^E^^n^nIJ^^^^oo^ooo^ ^!l g ^ll W ^ 6 Z S Y Y x 6 Z T z 2 Z Q a(^ ( t^ L^ LL. ^p a {- NZZ N UC7 ^ y Z ES^U^U4^k i^ ^JG V^ Co J _ Z ¢ ^ ^^ Z j (^ O eq^ Y ri ^ U ri T S ^ (^ ^ tli W W Y S ^ ¢ W h ^ (j ^ Y g ^ W OH N N ^ ôN ^p U¢ O[^ ¢ N ^ 6 ^ p N U^ e ^ 7UU gW ` N(/j N N = 0 m^^sgQ= Jâ c Yi 1^ N m^ aNr^Gl 040 âfp^&Ngÿ@ 5 ° !eç fg È ffi6. T O 5F 7 ^ O ^U W5 NTZ ^ ^ I^j k z0 ô LL N C,^¢ Z à ^°` ^^ 4 ^

Figure 116. Species Composition of Stratum 493 by Season from 1979 to 1985 105

3 Ofall Osummer Wspring

i

B^i^^^0^^^mmo© Gz, €0uJ ? x ^U x. ^z zo ^ F¢3 â N rr ^ z a,F ^

O U^j ^ OQ m{I^ F 7 Nk fUil s^ m^^^{ N Q U' Y¢ ^ J Lq ] Y 0 Fq 0 1`W,]L 0 Z O K Oz t¢7 ^Ug!{ 6 U'_ ^ N 4^ O "1 j W t=i1 ÿ ^_

U N O ^ W N N O

Figure 117. Species Composition of Stratum 494 by Season from 1979 to 1985

3.5

Ofall 3 Osummer 2.5 Mspring

2

1.5 1 i 0.5 1'. 0 I 8tLIr ZU=SW5pp 9^ 7gg pz W N O N Q $>gagg h UVH z b N J Ô 7 U ^ ¢ N ¢ g ^ ¢LJy O â Nk ^s _6w z m â ^ ° U a n NQ^ 3 O ^9 N N

Figure 118. Species Composition of Stratum 495 by Season from 1979 to 1985 106

Figure 119. Seasonal Change in Species Diversity and Inventory

40 -

38 - fall

ted 36 - or

Rep 34 - ies ec 32 - Sp of

spring r 30 - be m 28 -

Nu spring n

fall • Mid-depths

Mea 26 - summer • Edge spring A Fundy • Basins 24 H spring • Banks

22 i i I I I 6 8 10 12 14 16 Mean Number of Species per Tow