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Plantagenet Dynasty PLANTAGENET 1. GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET (nicknamed le Bel), Count of Anjou and Maine, Knt., son and heir of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, Countess of Maine, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine, born 24 Nov. 1113. He married at Le Mans, Maine 17 June 1128 MAUD OF ENGLAND, Empress of Almain, sometimes styled “Lady of the English” (rarely “Queen of the English”), widow of Henry V, Emperor of Almain (died 23 May 1125), and daughter and heiress of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy, by his 1st wife, Maud, daughter of Malcolm III (Canmore), King of Scotland. She was born at London 7 Feb. 1102. They had three sons (see below). By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Geoffrey also had one son, Hamelin [5th Earl of Surrey], and two daughters, Emme and Mary (nun) [Abbess of Shaftesbury]. Maud was declared heir presumptive to her father in 1126. On her father, King Henry I’s death in 1135, she at once entered Normandy to claim her inheritance. The border districts submitted to her, but England chose her cousin, Stephen, for its king, and Normandy soon followed suit. The following year, Geoffrey gave Ambrières, Gorron, and Châtilon-sur-Colmont to Juhel de Mayenne, on condition that he help obtain the inheritance of Geoffrey’s wife, Maud. In 1139 Maud landed in England with 140 knights, where she was besieged at Arundel Castle by King Stephen. In the civil war which ensued, Stephen was captured at Lincoln in Feb. 1141 and imprisoned at Bristol. A legatine council of the English church held at Winchester in April 1141 declared Stephen deposed and proclaimed Maud “Lady of the English.” Stephen was subsequently released from prison and had himself recrowned on the anniversary of his first coronation. During 1142 and 1143, Geoffrey secured all of Normandy west and south of the Seine, and, on 14 Jan. 1144, he crossed the Seine and entered Rouen. He assumed the title of Duke of Normandy in summer 1144. In 1144 he founded an Augustine priory at Château-l’Ermitage in Anjou. Geoffrey held the duchy until 1149, when he and Maud conjointly ceded it to their son, Henry, which cession was formally ratified by King Louis VII of France the following year. GEOFFREY, Count of Anjou and Maine, died at Château-du-Loir 7 Sept. 1151, and was buried in St. Julien’s, Le Mans, Maine. In 1153 the Treaty of Westminster allowed Stephen should remain King of England for life and that Maud’s son, Henry, should succeed him. MAUD, late Empress of Almain, died at Rouen, Normandy 10 Sept. 1167, and was buried at Bec Abbey. At her death, her wealth was distributed to the poor, and to various hospitals, churches, and monasteries. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 34–37. Père Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3–21 (sub Anjou). W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 20 (Robert, Earl of Gloucester, styled “my brother” [fratre meo] by Empress Maud). F. Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104–108 (Maud, Abbess of Montivilliers, styled “sister” [soror] of Empress Maud). T. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). W. Stubbs Hist. Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London 1 (Rolls Ser. 68) (1876): 293 (sub 1150: “Dum Gaufridus Plantegenest comes Andegavorum rediret Parisius a curia regis Francorum, concessit in fata apud Castrum Lidii, sepultus est autem Cenomannis in ecclesia Sancti Juliani.”). C. de Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 96–135. R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 75n, 85n, 182, 244, 319, Index, sub tit. ‘Anjou, Comtes of.’ G. Demay Inventaire des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 4 (equestrian seal of Geoffrey Plantagenet). L. Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 2. A. Luchaire Études sur les Actes de Louis VII (1885): 138. B. de Broussillon Sigillographie des Seigneurs de Laval 1095–1605 (1888). J. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 108, 125–128, 180. Genealogist n.s. 13 (1896): 1–10. J.H. Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 32–34 (charter names Geoffrey’s brother, Hélie), 518, 539. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30–31, 45–47, 55–61, 97, 161–162. L. Froger Inventaire des Titres de l’Abbaye de Beaulieu du Mans: 1124–1413 (1907): 4. C. Urseau Cartulaire Noir de la Cathédrale d’Angers (1908): 225–228, 286–288, 311–314, 352– 354. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 135–144. D.N.B. 13 (1909): 54–58 (biog. of Empress Maud: “… In (her) later years the harsh and violent temper which had marred one period of her career seems to have been completely mastered by the real nobleness of character… Germans, Normans, and English are agreed as to her beauty”); 15 (1909): 1284– 1285 (“… Inveterate usage has attached the surname Plantagenet to the great house which occupied the English throne from 1154 to 1485, but the family did not assume the surname until the middle of the fifteenth century”). English Hist. Rev. 27 (1912): 417–444; 42 (1927): 569– 572; 76 (1961): 649–654. C.P.R. 1266–1272 (1913): 206–207 (example of usage of title “Empress of Almain” for Maud). A. Angot Généalogies Féodales Mayennaises du XIe au XIIIe Siècle (1942): 567. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 353–354. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). H.W.C. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066–1154 3 (1968): 43, 156–157, 223–224, 233–235, 258, 331. G. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14. D. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 82 (sub Anjou) (erroneously identifies Emme, wife of Guy [V] “Sire de Laval as a legitimate daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou). E.B. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 35. Fam. Hist. 14 (1987): 69–79. H.M.W. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800–1400) (1987): XII.9, XIII.15, XIII.992–994, XIV.23. Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 5th Ser. 38 (1988): 107–130. D. Williamson Kings and Queens of Britain (1991): 53. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). N. Vincent “William Marshal, King Henry II and the Honour of Chateauroux” Archives: Jour. of the British Rec. Assoc. 25 (2000) footnotes 64, 69 [corrects R.W. Eyton Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II (1878): 85n, 319, and 17th Century genealogy of Chauvigny family (Bibliothèque Nationale Ms. Français 16789 f.37), both of which allege Raoul de Déols (died 1176), seigneur of Chateauroux in Barry, married a sister of King Henry II; see also C.P. 4 (1916): 313–314 (sub Devon) for evidence proving that Raoul de Déols married Agnes, daughter of Ebbes V, seigneur of Charenton, by whom he left a daughter and heiress, Denise (wife successively of Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, André de Chauvigny, and William, Count of Sancerre)]. Children of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by Maud of England: i. HENRY II OF ENGLAND [see next]. ii. GEOFFREY, Knt., Count of Anjou and Nantes, held the castles of Chinon (Indre-et-Loire), Loudon (Vienne), and Mirebeau (Vienne) in France as his appanage, 2nd son, born at Rouen, Normandy about 1 June 1134. He died without issue 26 July 1158. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. E. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 46–47, 96–97, 161–162. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 370. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). J. Le Patourel Feudal Empires: Norman and Plantagenet 9 (1984): 1–17. F. Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (1999). M. Chibnall Piety, Power and History in Medieval England and Normandy (2000): XIV 111. iii. WILLIAM LONGESPÉE (otherwise WILLIAM FITZ EMPRESS), Vicomte of Dieppe, of Throwley, Kent, North Luffenham, Rutland, and Acton and Oulton, Suffolk, 3rd son, born at Argentan 21 July 1136. In 1158 he gave the nuns of St. Mary of Mortain 40 shillings of Anjou annually from his manor of Ste. Mère Eglise [Manche]. In the period, 1159–63, he sought to marry Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey [see WARENNE 2], widow of his cousin, William, Count of Boulogne and Mortain (son of King Stephen of England). The marriage was opposed by Archbishop Becket on grounds of affinity (he and her former husband being related in the 3rd degree of kindred). WILLIAM LONGESPÉE died at Rouen, Normandy 30 Jan. 1163/4, and was buried there in the Cathedral. F. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 37. A. Deville Tombeaux de la Cathédral de Rouen (1881): 164–165, 210. J.H. Round Cal. of Documents Preserved in France 1 (1899): 285. L. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d’Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 487–490. Rotuli de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis de XII Comitatibus [1185] (Pipe Roll Soc. 35) (1913): 60. F.M. Stenton Early Charters from Northamptonshire Colls. (1930): 24–26. Early Yorkshire Charters 8 (1949): 13–14. C. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 299–300. J. Boussard Le Gouvernement d’Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Genealogists’ Mag. 14 (1964): 365. E. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters 1100–1268 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 104. Coat of Arms n.s. 5 (1983): 153–156. C. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 100–102.
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