Planning Advisory Committee Wednesday, March 28th, 2018 1:30 PM Council Chambers, Town Hall 359 Main Street, , NS

Agenda

1. Approval of the Agenda

2. Approval of the Minutes of February 28th, 2018

3. Question Period

4. West End Comprehensive Development

• Development Agreement – Lands of 2231266 Ltd. • Development Agreement – Lands of Viking Ventures Ltd.

5. Residential-Commercial Buffering – Options Report

6. MPS Update – Information Report

7. Development Activity Report – attachment to follow

8. Administrative Matters

• 2018 LPPANS Conference – Halifax, NS (May 16th – 18th) • PAC Vice Chair Appointment

9. Planning Advisory Meeting Adjourned

Next Meeting Date: Wednesday, April 25th, 2018

Town of Wolfville

200 Dykeland Street | Wolfville | NS | B4P 1A2 | t 902-542-0368 | f 902-542-5066 Wolfville.ca REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED (“NSL”) and VIKING VENTURES LIMITED APPLICANT (“Viking”) To develop approximately 45 acres of land (approximately 29 acres by Viking PROPOSAL and 16 acres by Kadray – current ownership) in the southwest corner of the Town for mixed use residential development LOCATION Extension of Skyway Drive, Stirling Avenue, Hillcrest Avenue

32.33 acres of developable land (both Developers, without roads) and 6.35 LOT SIZE acres of Parks/Open Space

DESIGNATION Comprehensive Development District

ZONE Residential Comprehensive Development District (RCDD)

SURROUNDING USES Residential/Agriculture ()

NEIGHBOUR Newspaper ads and notices mailed to surrounding property owners within NOTIFICATION 100 metres, ongoing email list notification, and public consultations.

1) PROPOSAL 2231266 Nova Scotia Limited (“NSL” - Principal Issam Kadray) and Viking Ventures Limited (“Viking” - Principal Michael MacArthur) are seeking Development Agreements (DAs) to proceed with further development of the “West End Lands” (see context images below). Given the Comprehensive Development District (CDD) Designation of these lands in the Municipal Planning Strategy (MPS) and the constraints presented by current land ownership and road network, the two Developers have been required to bring forward a comprehensive development proposal for the entire West End Lands area.

West End Lands

Figure 1: Context Aerial Image - West End Lands (outlined in Red)

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development The development proposal provides for a mix of residential uses, including Townhomes, ‘group dwellings’ and other potential uses (see attached DA and tables in this report) along with the opportunity for neighbourhood commercial and consideration of other uses. The overall area would be held to a maximum density of 12 dwelling units per acre (387 units total – 266 for Viking and 121 for NSL maximum – as per the maximum density permitted in the MPS) with the highest densities proposed in the south of the development site, closer to Highway 101.

Lands will be transferred to the Town and take the form of public roadways along with parks and/or open space, including a Neighbourhood Park (1.1 acres) a multi-use trail and environmental open space included in a Linear Park (5.25 acres total) that encircles Phase 3 of the development. Figure 2 below outlines a conceptual plan for the entire comprehensively planned area while additional detail and analysis are provided in this report and in the draft Development Agreements (attached).

Staff have attempted to address resident concerns around the continued development of these lands. The existing residential development pattern and aspirations around new growth in the Town must be balanced.

Figure 1: West End Development Concept Plan

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development 2) STAFF RECOMMENDATION Staff considers the draft development agreements (for both Developers) to be consistent with the relevant policies of the Municipal Planning Strategy and recommend that they be submitted with a positive recommendation from the Planning Advisory Committee for consideration by Council.

3) BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT The historic use of this land has been for agriculture (primarily apple orchards); however, for several decades it has been designated and zoned to allow for a residential/mixed use neighbourhood. Since the adoption of the 2008 Municipal Planning Strategy (MPS) the area has been designated in the MPS and zoned in the Land Use By-law as Comprehensive Development District. This designation/zone requires that development be approved by a development agreement.

Viking Ventures had a development agreement in place on its portion of the property since 1999 and have been proceeding, pursuant to this agreement, to build single family homes along Stirling Avenue. That Agreement expired in May of 2016. NSL also had a previous development agreement for their portion of land but it has also since expired. No further development can proceed on any of the west end lands until a comprehensive development approach is approved by Council. Given the size and shape of the current land holdings of the two developers; environmental and servicing constraints; and current policy, it is essential a comprehensive proposal be adopted for the entire area.

Staff have been working with the two developers for many years to coordinate a development approach for the West End lands. Wolfville has very few large tracts of land left for a new residential subdivision and there are many infrastructure issues that need to be addressed, including creating effective transportation links, water, sewer and storm water pipes that tie in to the existing system, and parkland and trail connections to promote recreational use and active living needs.

After years of working with the two land owners of the West End lands to negotiate agreements, Plan Amendments (putting the roads and open space in our Municipal Planning Strategy as a secondary plan) was considered but the Developers and current Staff would like to have the long-standing Development Agreement applications considered before this option is pursued further.

Recent Work by Staff on Key Issues

Since moving away from the Plan Amendment process, Staff have been working with the 2 Developers to bring draft DAs to the Planning Advisory Committee and Council that work to address the key issues related to this development to-date: Comprehensive/Coordinated Development, Density, Traffic, Parks and Open Space, and Stormwater Management. These issues are discussed in detail further on in this report.

Working with 2 Developers on a comprehensive plan has been challenging, particularly given the Staff turnover and timescale and events that have transpired to get us to this point. It is important to

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development underscore that the Development Agreements for the lands are tied together but will resolve long standing issues that have stalled the development of these lands – primarily road connectivity and servicing issues. The Land Swap and agreement between the Developers enables the connectivity to be resolved and the Town has taken an additional measure by taking Road Reserves (title to land) to the key areas that link the land (and necessary second access points).

4) PROCESS & PUBLIC CONSULTATION After the adoption of the 2008 Municipal Planning Strategy and the introduction of the Comprehensive Development District Designation and Zone (RCDD), the Town’s position is that the West End Lands should be developed in a comprehensive manner, consistent with the policies of the 2008 Municipal Planning Strategy. In 2010, a Town-led planning study was carried out with the two West End land owners. The planning study, completed by consultants Ekistics Planning+Design, was adopted by the Community Development Committee as a reference and planning tool in 2011:

AMENDED MOTION: it was regularly moved and seconded that the Community Development Committee accept the West End Planning Study consultant’s report for use as a reference and planning tool.

However, Council never adopted the study or integrated it into the MPS or Land Use By-law. The Study can be used for reference and information, but not as a regulatory document that requires the developers to take any particular action.

In November of 2013, the two Developers came forward with one development agreement (DA) application for the entirety of the West End Lands using the 2010 planning study as a reference for their proposal. In January of 2014, staff held a Public Information Meeting (see Attachment 6 for a summary) and continued to negotiate aspects of the proposal with the Developers throughout 2014/15. After the Developers reached a private partnership arrangement in December of 2015, the proposal continued to move forward and the Developers requested that the DA application be split into 2 separate development agreements. Staff agreed to draft two separate agreements as long as the developers cooperate on the road network, servicing, parks and open space: an overall comprehensive plan. To achieve this cooperation, the development agreements are almost identical and use the same Schedules (e.g. maps that outline where the key pieces are located – roads, parks, etc).

In February of 2016 Staff took a report to the Planning Advisory Committee seeking direction on key issues and in April of 2016 another Public Information Meeting was held based on direction from the PAC (see Attachment 6 for a summary). In August of 2016 Staff held, at the direction of Council, an additional Public Open House to communicate the most recent iteration of the proposal and outline potential timelines and process moving forward.

Between August of 2016 to the present, Plan Amendments were considered (including a Public Participation Meeting – see Attachment 6 for a summary) to put the road network, servicing, and open

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development space items into policy; however, this approach has been abandoned so the longstanding Development Agreements can be considered by Council and a comprehensive development can still be achieved. Staff have worked to balance resident concerns, Developer issues, and the housing and neighbourhood needs of the Town moving forward.

The formal development agreement process requires review by the Planning Advisory Committee and the holding of a Public Hearing by Council prior to a decision by Council.

In addition to the above, Staff have sought comment on the proposal from the Traffic Authority, the Fire Chief, Municipal Engineer, School Board, King’s County Planning Staff, King’s Transit and Valley Waste. Property owners within 100 metres of the property were notified by mail of the application, a sign was placed on the property indicating that the site is subject to development agreement applications and notification/updates have been placed on our website regarding the proposal. Staff have also been communicating updates on the application through an email list of over 50 interested residents and met with many individuals to delve into particular aspects of the proposal. Given the significance of this development to the Town, the process to get to this point has been far more robust than a typical development agreement application. Staff is of the opinion that the process has led to a better overall outcome and a proposal consistent with the policies of the MPS. This process is consistent with the approach outlined for major applications previously reviewed by Council.

5) POLICY REVIEW AND DISCUSSION The Municipal Planning Strategy (MPS) provides a number of policies that Council is to consider when reviewing such an application. A review of relevant policies is provided here with other policy references included in the ‘Discussion – Key Issues’ section for particularly significant issues.

Section 8.4 of the MPS provides specific policy guidance for control of development in the RCDD designation/zone. A review of this policy and its application to this development proposal is as follows:

The West End lands are within the CDD designation as an area planned for future residential development as per MPS policy 8.4.1.

MPS policy 8.4.2 establishes the RCDD zoning for the proposed West End development lands and only allows continuation of existing uses (agricultural uses in this case) without a development agreement.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

The developers are proposing mixed residential uses with the opportunity provided in the draft DAs for local commercial and some limited other uses. MPS policy 8.4.3 requires that all development in the RCDD zone be approved by a development agreement.

Current Building Code requires this level of energy efficiency and the regular building permit and inspection process will ensure this standard is met.

The development agreement proposes the total density (for the entire development) will be between 5- 12 dwelling units per net acre, as per policy 8.4.4(b). The total area available for development, minus roads and parks is approximately 32 acres, which would result in a range between 161 (5 units/acre) to 387 units (12 units/acre). The Developers propose to have lower densities (singles, semis, townhouses, etc) north of the watercourse area (Phase 1 and 2) with the area south of the watercourse (Phase 3) having higher average densities, including apartment buildings.

MPS policy 18.6.1 references a number of general planning issues that are to be considered by Council in approving or rejecting any development application that is subject to a development agreement. A summary table of this policy is provided as Attachment 1 while specific matters relevant to this application are discussed in the ‘Discussion – Key Issues’ section below.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

An explanation and summary of how this proposal responds to the sustainability principles of Policy 8.4.5 is included as Attachment 2 to this report. Other issue specific discussion and document references

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development (i.e. Ekistics Planning Study, Parks and Open Space Master Plan) are also included in the ‘Discussion – Key Issues’ section below.

6) DISCUSSION – KEY ISSUES

A) PHASING & DENSITY

The proposal calls for the overall development to be built-out over 3 Phases as shown in Figure 2 below. Phase 1 will see the construction of 2 additional entrances into the West End lands. One connects through to the existing Stirling Avenue entrance (eastern portion of site) and the other connects Hillcrest Avenue, around a proposed Neighbourhood Park, and to the west also connecting with Stirling Avenue. Phase 2 would see the balance of the lands north the watercourse area – on Hillcrest Extension and Road R – developed. Phase 3, the lands south of the open space/linear park area, would be developed by Viking Ventures and may take a number of years to get underway. The Developers will focus on their respective Phases 1’s initially. Additional phasing detail is provided in the draft DAs (Attachment 7 a. and b.).

Figure 2: West End Development Phasing Plan

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development The draft DA requires each phase to be built-out at a density consistent with policy 8.4.4(b) of the MPS. The overall level of density has been a contentious issue throughout the development of this proposal; however, the MPS policy is clear on achieving a density of 5-12 dwelling units per acre. Calculating density using net density calculations (removing roads, parks, trails, etc) versus a gross calculation (just taking the overall area) provides the developers with the ability to build up to 387 units. If gross density was used the density would be significantly higher (over 500 units). Given the level of concern around the overall level of density, it is the recommendation of Staff and supported by the Developers to use the net calculation to achieve the 5-12 dwelling units per acre. Our policy does not require one or the other to be used. The density ranges for each Phase are included below in Table 1:

Phase Area (Acres) Unit Range (5-12 dwelling units/net acre) 1 Kadray 6.16 31-74 1 Viking 5.62 28-67 2 Kadray 3.90 19-47 2 Viking 3.29 16-39 3 Viking 13.36 67-160 Total 32.33 161-387 Table 1: West End Development Unit Density Ranges

It should be further noted that the MPS provides support for higher density development throughout the document; however, is summarized in Section 8 by stating:

B) RESIDENTIAL HOUSING TYPES

A diverse housing mix is a key component of a healthy, vibrant neighbourhood. The draft DAs propose that different housing typologies are permitted in each phase of the proposed development as follows:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development PHASE HOUSING TYPES PERMITTED 1 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by Development Agreement • Semi-Detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement 2 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by Development Agreement • Semi-detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement. 3 • Semi-Detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses • Apartment Houses (multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement. • Multi-Unit Residential & Mixed-Use Developments Table 2: West End Development Housing Typologies (taken from draft DAs)

Density and the placement of different housing types are interrelated and it should be noted that a primary concern throughout the consultation on this proposal was a transition in density from existing single detached homes in the area. The overall proposal and placement of housing types have responded to this by attempting to balance some continuity of housing form with the need for efficient use of infrastructure and the desire to increase densities consistent with policies of the MPS.

Section 3.1 of the Ekistics Planning Study, adopted by the former Community Development Committee as a guide, discussed different potential housing typologies and provided recommendations on the implementation of each. These have been used as reference in the formulation of the draft DA provisions. Section 3.1 of the planning study states the following in regards to housing mix, density, and the relationship to sustainable community planning:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development To better illustrate the different housing types proposed by each Developer (as outlined in Table 2: West End Development Housing Typologies) examples have been provided as Attachment 4 to this report. The mixture of housing types and densities outlined responds directly to MPS policy 8.4.5(g) which states:

By enabling a mixture of housing types and setting minimum density requirements, it is envisioned the overall development will respond with ‘missing middle’ housing types (ground oriented semi- detached, duplexes and townhomes) that the Town is lacking. The need for alternative and economically efficient housing becomes increasingly important as large portions of the population are aging and the Town faces increased competition in attracting young families, professionals and other newcomers. It is also difficult for the Town to compete in the large lot, single family home market given the road, infrastructure, and overall spatial layout differences between the Town and surrounding municipal units. The lack of semi-detached, townhome and duplex housing is illustrated in Table 3: Current Residential Mix, Wolfville (2016 Census) which outlines the existing housing stock in the Town:

Residential Unit Type Percentage Single Detached 41% Attached (townhouses, duplexes and semi- 13% detached) Apartment 46% Table 3: Current Residential Mix, Wolfville (2016 Census)

C) OTHER PERMITTED USES (LOCAL COMMERCIAL, HOME OCCUPATIONS, ETC)

Other uses are enabled in the draft DAs mostly consistent with the regulations and approval tracks of the Land Use By-law, with other uses enabled by a separate Development Agreement, as follows:

LAND USE REGULATION Residential Care Facilities Permitted as-of right subject to provisions of the Land Use By- law Home Occupations Permitted as-of right subject to provisions of the Land Use By- law Bed & Breakfasts Permitted as-of right subject to provisions of the Land Use By- law Utility Equipment Building or Permitted as-of right subject to provisions of the Land Use By- Installation law

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Churches, community Considered by a separate Development Agreement in any centres, private schools or Phase other community uses Local Commercial Permitted as-of-right in Phase 3 (as shown on Schedule “C”) as the ground floor component of a multi-unit residential building. Considered only by a seperate Development Agreement for any other property in Phases 1 or 2, as a stand- alone or mixed use. Table 4: West End Development Other Permitted Uses (taken from draft DAs)

Enabling a mix of non-residential uses is consistent with Policy 8.4.5(k) of the MPS which states:

D) SITE PLANNING & YARD REQUIREMENTS

To facilitate additional ground oriented housing forms and lower land costs to contribute to affordable housing, the proposal involves site planning with reduced requirements from what has been typical of low density areas of Wolfville in the past. The minimum requirements are outlined below in Table 5:

Dwelling Type Frontage Lot Area Front Yard Flankage Side Rear Height Lot (Min.) (Min.) (Min.) (Min.) Yard yard (Max.) Coverage (Min.) (Min.) (Max.) Single Unit 11m 300m2 4.5m (15’) 4m (13’) 1.7m 4m 11m 40% (36’) (3,229ft2) (5.6’) (13’) (36’)

Semi-Detached 9m 280m2 4.5m (15’) 4m (13’) 1.7m 4m 11m 40% (29.5’) (3,014ft2) (5.6’) (36’)

Duplex 12m 366m2 4.5m 4m (13’) 2m 4m 11m 40% (40’) (4,000ft2) (15’) (5.6’) (36’) Town House 4.5m 137m2 4.5m 4m (13’) 2m 4m 11m 40% (15’) (1,474ft2) (15’) (5.6’) (36’) Apartment House 18m 560m2 4.5m (15’) 4m (13’) 1.7m 4m 11m 40% (up to 4 units) (60’) (6,027ft2) (5.6’) (13’) (36’)

Multi-Unit 18m 120m2 4.5m (15’) 4m (13’) 3m 4m 11.88m 40% Dwellings & (60’) (1,292ft2) one (39’) Mixed-Use per side, Developments dwelling 2m unit other Table 5: West End Development Site Planning & Yard Requirements (taken from Draft DAs)

• Parking for all uses shall be regulated by Part 23 of the Land Use By-law with additional provisions included in the draft DAs for larger parking areas of multi-unit dwellings.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development • Landscaping requirements are regulated in the draft DAs and include specific provisions for different unit types with a landscape plan, prepared by a qualified person, being required for multi-unit proposals. • Hard surface coverage on properties will be consistent with the current MPS and Land Use By- law requirements of 50% of total lot area. • Group Dwelling development that is created will be subject to the above noted yard requirements. The draft DAs outline provisions specific to Group Dwelling development. This type of development has often been described as “Cluster Housing” in Wolfville. • Apartment Houses have been introduced to allow for small units (up to 4 with bedroom limitations on a larger lot) in a single building that appears from the street as a single unit dwelling.

E) BUILDING DESIGN & STREETSCAPE

To encourage quality design and increased walkability, three building design and streetscape issues are regulated in the draft DAs. These are:

1. Varied Street Scene: The draft development agreements include provisions to ensure the duplication of housing designs cannot occur on adjacent properties. The intent is to discourage development that places identical homes along uninterrupted linear streetscapes. Housing variety provides for a more interesting street scene and lends to creating more walkable neighbourhoods. Ensuring a varied street scene is consistent with Policy 8.4.5(g) of the MPS, which states:

2. Garage placement: The draft development agreements include provisions to ensure garages are not the prominent feature of homes. The intent is to avoid homes and streetscapes that are utilitarian in nature (all garage faces) and avoid homes becoming a garage with a house attached rather than a home with a garage attached. It should be noted that the Ekistics planning study discouraged garages for most housing types given the impacts on streetscapes and walkability. Ensuring high quality design is consistent with policy 8.4.5(f) of the MPS which states:

3. Flankage Yard Treatments (Corner Lots): The draft development agreements include provisions to avoid facades of large blank walls abutting a street. The intent is to have a

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development corner lot address the street equally on both frontages – often achieved by having both street facing facades strive for an equal design and materials standard. Ensuring high quality design is consistent with policy 8.4.5(f) of the MPS (included above).

F) AFFORDABLE HOUSING

The Developers have provided a response to MPS policy 8.4.5 (c), included as Attachment 3. Policy 8.4.5 (c) states:

The Developer’s response to this policy argues that the additional housing supply on smaller lots, with different tenures and at higher densities will contribute to more affordable housing options for residents at different ages and stages of their lives. Staff are comfortable with this response given the relevance to existing policy and the lack of specific targets or other measures in the Town’s current planning documents related to affordable housing. Additional supply will impact price and affordability on some level, even if nothing else was done. Some excerpts from our current MPS where affordable housing is mentioned are provided here for context:

• Part 3 – Community Profile states: The 2006 census data indicates that the average value of an owned dwelling in Wolfville is approximately $248,000 compared to a provincial average value of $158,000. Young families require affordable housing in Wolfville in order to be encouraged to settle here and provide some balance for the aging demographic profile of the Town.

• Part 8 – Residential Development & Land Use states: Council supports high density residential developments that meet our desire for a more sustainable community for the following reasons: 2. More Affordable housing can be achieved within higher density developments.

• Part 8.1 – Low Density Residential states: An accessory dwelling unit provides an affordable housing option for certain segments of the population, rarely involves change to the streetscape and does provide additional income for the homeowner. Usually the resident owner provides an inherent control of the rental unit.

• Our current MPS does not provide a definition of Affordable Housing; however, our Land Use By-law includes the following:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

It should also be noted that the trend towards smaller households or fewer persons per household is apparent here in Wolfville. Most households are comprised of 1 or 2 persons (2016 census). About 25% of individuals in private households in Wolfville have incomes below the low-income measure. This is above the provincial average of 17.4%. This especially affects young people (under 18). 29.3% of young people in Wolfville live in low-income households, compared to 20.9% provincially. The only age category in Wolfville where the percentage of people living in households falling below the low-income level was not higher than the provincial average was seniors.

Planning for a variety of dwelling types can help ensure the Town continues to offer appropriate and affordable housing for people of all ages, abilities and incomes, and can ensure that smaller households who wish to remain in Wolfville can choose to do so.

G) PARKLAND & OPEN SPACE

Significant work has gone into negotiating the Parks and Open Space contributions of this development proposal. The Subdivision By-Law requires the subdivider of land to transfer to the Town a parkland dedication equal to 10% of the area of the new lots created by a subdivision. The subdivider may provide cash-in-lieu of this land dedication or a combination of land, cash-in-lieu or equivalent value. In the case of this proposal, the total developable area is approximately 32 acres for the entire West End area (net) therefore the minimum contribution should be 3.2 acres if only land were to be provided. The parkland dedication proposed for the West End development is a combination of land and cash-in-lieu, as outlined below in the Parks and Open Space contribution table. The proposed parks and open space areas can be seen in context in Figure 2 while a detail of the neighbourhood park space and the proposed trail system/linear park are shown below.

Park / Open Space Feature or Details & Discussion Contribution Neighbourhood Park 1.1 acres with 175’ frontage on Hillcrest and 292’ of frontage on the unnamed connector Street, ‘Cross Road’ (see Figure 3 for details).

Staff are recommending the proposed neighbourhood park space given its central location, large frontage, lack of grade change (“flat-top”), and it being consistent with the policies of the MPS and Parks and Open Space Master Plan (see

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development below for open space related policy review). Negotiations around this park’s frontage, size, and location have been ongoing since the comprehensive development of these lands was contemplated, including direction from the PAC in February of 2016. The initial proposal was altered through negotiations and direction from PAC with regards to frontage and location (slightly to the south), since application in 2013. It has been expressed by some that the neighbourhood park should be located further to the south (approximately 150m), closer to the higher density of Phase 3 and consistent with the Ekistics Planning Study. Given this concern, Staff have included provisions in the DA for the Phase 3 lands to contain amenity/open space as part of the higher density development, consistent with the existing R- 2/HD provisions of the MPS and LUB (see MPS Policy 7.4.3) and a trailhead open space in Phase 3. The neighbourhood park will be approximately 400m (5 min walk) from Phase 3 and the proposed trail/linear park will also offer a high quality amenity and open space for Phase 3 residents.

It is proposed the Town would take the lead on designing and building this park as part of the capital planning process, consistent with Section 5.1 of the Parks & Open Space Master Plan (included below). The Developers will deed the land to the Town as part of Phase 1 of the development.

Figure 3: Current Neighbourhood Park Proposal (2018)

Figure 4: Initial Neighbourhood Park Proposal (2013)

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

Staff have been striving to move toward a consistent Parks Planning Process. The first step of that process is to develop a series of concepts and inspiration for a park space (by a Professional Landscape Architect) and present these to the Public for feedback. The Developers engaged Ekistics Planning + Design to develop 3 high-level concepts for the neighbourhood park site and has provided these to park/recreation staff. If Development Agreements are approved by Council, Staff will schedule a public engagement to discuss the neighbourhood park space and work toward a more refined concept and construction drawings. This space has been identified in the Town’s Capital budget for construction once Road access (e.g. a public street) is completed and taken over by the Town. Linear Park trail system (including 1,200m (3,920 ft, 1.2km) of trail (including approximately Highway 101 buffer, trailhead park 5.25 acres of land) along the environmentally sensitive space, and conservation ravine/watercourse area and circling Phase 3 of the easement/area along ravine – see Development (see Figure 5) are proposed. The trail is Figure 5 below) proposed to be built to a “Type III” standard, similar to the Millennium Trail running from Willow Park to Reservoir Park in the east end of Wolfville.

This trail/linear park is consistent with the Parks & Open Space Master Plan and forms a walking/multi-use loop that residents can easily enjoy. The trail feature has been positively received throughout the development of this proposal. A trailhead park space, with road frontage, will be allocated for additional trail access once the final layout is determined in Phase 3. Additional provisions ensure the multi-family development within Phase 3 include trail connections as part of the development permitting process.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

It is proposed the Town would take the lead on designing and building this trail as a future capital project. The developer will deed the land to the Town during Phase 1 so capital planning for the trail can begin. Having a trail in place before development proceeds is important for community acceptance.

Figure 5: Excerpt from overall conceptual plan showing trail/linear park around Phase 3

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

Figure 6: Excerpt from Parks and Open Space Master Plan showing conceptual future trail connections in the West End

Cash-in-Lieu Contribution of Through 2014/15 extensive negotiations took place around $100,000 the park space contribution. At this time, Planning Staff had the ravine/watercourse lands appraised using an alternative valuation. Staff believed that a market value appraisal would not fairly represent the value of these lands to the community, particularly the importance of the environment (as articulated through the MPS) and thus undertook the alternative valuation. This type of valuation includes cultural, social and environmental factors, particularly the ecological goods and services provided by the lands.1 Ecological goods and services can be defined as “benefits that humans receive from the natural processes and functions of healthy ecosystems.”2

Two different scenarios were considered with the alternative valuation – one for a larger ravine area yielding a value of $322,000 and another with a smaller ravine area with a value of $205,000. A report was taken to Council (January 2015) and subsequent negotiations ended with the smaller ravine area, a caveat that a conservation easement

1 For an overview of ecological good and services, refer to this webpage entitled Valuation of Ecological Goods and Services in 's Natural Resources Sectors Another useful report is Human Activity and the Economy, produced by StatsCan, particularly section 2.3 2 Definition taken from Valuation of Ecological Goods and Services in Canada's Natural Resources Sectors

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development (or similar regulatory tool) be included, and the difference between the valuations to be used as the basis for the cash- in-lieu payment to meet the requirements of the subdivision by-law ($100,000).

With the separation of the two development proposals, the developers have split the $100,000 contribution between them, with $70,000 falling to Viking Ventures and $30,000 to NSL. Since the developers agreed to this contribution, Viking amended its original development agreement to allow for the creation of 4 additional lots and has paid open space fees on three of them. Staff is recommending that the $16,090 be deducted from the $70,000 contribution. The Developer would pay $53,910 over 3 years. NSL would pay $30,000 over 3 years. Table 6: West End Parkland Dedication

Staff are recommending the acceptance of the proposed parks/open space proposal as it is consistent with relevant MPS policy and the Parks and Open Space Master Plan. Section 7 of the MPS establishes Open Space policies, with the following policies being most relevant.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

The Open Space Master Plan provides valuable policy guidance to Council in describing the characteristics of a Neighbourhood Park (included below) and also outlines Parks and Open Space Development Principles:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

H) STORMWATER MANAGEMENT & MUNICIPAL SERVICES

At the Development Agreement stage, plans for stormwater management and municipal services (water, sewer, etc) have been reviewed by the Town Engineer with detail schematics provided in a servicing agreement that is enabled once a development agreement is approved.

A summary of the stormwater management plan (prepared by ABLE Engineering) and overall approach is included as Attachment 5. It is important to note:

• A master (detailed) stormwater management plan has been developed for the site and will form part of the servicing agreement for each phase. Each individual lot will then have to comply with the overall stormwater management plan. • The details of the detention ponds will be finalized as part of tentative subdivision and servicing agreement for each phase. • Storm sewers will be installed underground within roadways.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development • Backyard drainage swales are proposed in the rear of most properties to direct water toward detention ponds and/or storm sewer infrastructure. Individual site drainage plans will be approved during the subdivision process. • An erosion and sediment control plan identifying measures to be implemented, details of the measures taken and locations, will be required. • The final street cross sections will be developed based on the recommendations of a geotechnical consultant. • MPS policy related to stormwater management is included as part of MPS Policy 8.4.5 (see Attachment 2). • A third party Engineering Consultant (HATCH Engineering) also reviewed the Stormwater Management approach proposed.

A summary and overall servicing plan is provided as Attachment 5 as well. It is important to note:

• A master (detailed) servicing plan will be developed for each phase at time of tentative subdivision and required for the servicing agreement. • Services (water and sewer) will be connected in Phase 1 from Skyway Drive to the proposed Stirling Avenue extension. The connection of services from Skyway Drive will provide for required water pressure. • Services are installed with other infrastructure in 2 phases, “primary” and “secondary” defined in the draft DAs. • The Town has recently completed a servicing capacity analysis (water and sewer) and there is adequate capacity to service the anticipated dwellings/year.

I) Road Network, Traffic Impact, Active Transportation & Transit

The proposed road network has been relatively consistent since the formal comprehensive development application was made in 2013. It has always been proposed that Hillcrest Avenue would be a through street. A proposed change was made in (2014) to make Stirling Avenue a cul-de-sac where a cul-de-sac was originally proposed on the middle street that runs parallel between Stirling and Hillcrest Avenues. The 2014 change was driven by concern regarding an unimpeded throughway (Stirling) and fast moving traffic as a result. Recently, the developers have asked that Stirling revert back to a through street to allow each of the landowners the flexibility to proceed individually. The “P-Loop” proposed in Phase 3 of the development has remained unchanged since the original application.

Although the community expressed some concerns about Stirling as a through street, it is generally more desirable to have an interconnected street network to disperse traffic and ease walking distance. This approach is in keeping with the New Urbanist principles espoused in 8.3 of the MPS, which states:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

To mitigate concerns, Staff have also worked with the Developers to integrate east-west pedestrian walkways which would double as a traffic calming measure (see Figure 2) with both a raised crosswalk and an extended curb.

A Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) was conducted by WSP Engineering in 2014 which was updated in 2016 and then again commented on in 2017. The Town also had another Engineering Firm (EXP) review the findings of the TIA for certainty. The TIA noted the following:

• “The proposed street network within the development provides good connectivity and circulation for vehicular traffic, pedestrians, and other active transportation (AT) uses.” (Page 3 of TIA) • Manual Traffic Counts were conducted on Wednesday, April 30 2014 and May 1, 2014 at the Main Street-Kent and Main Street-Whidden/Stirling intersections during peak AM and PM periods. • At full build-out for the entire West End Area (estimated on approx. 400 units in 2024) the development will generate 292 two-way vehicle trips (66 entering and 226 exiting) during the AM peak hour and 372 two-way vehicle trips (237 entering and 135 exiting) during the PM peak hour. • Recommends monitoring on Main and Stirling/Hillcrest to see if left turning lanes may be required in the future

During public consultation events, the public expressed concerns regarding traffic, particularly on the existing section of Hillcrest Avenue. There is no question that there will be an increase in traffic in the area but are within acceptable levels. It is expected that traffic will increase in areas where development is encouraged by policy. The question is whether that increase is reasonable and in the best interest of the Town. The Traffic Authority has reviewed the Traffic Impact Study and is satisfied that the proposed road network and associated infrastructure can accommodate the proposed development.

In terms of active transportation (AT), the proposed development incorporates sidewalks on all streets (one side), walking trails, and connections between streets at mid-block as well to encourage active modes and ease of traveling west to east toward the downtown. The development is approximately 1km from Acadia University and approximately 2km from

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development downtown Wolfville, further increasing the likelihood that trips will be made by walking and cycling. The policy review of MPS policy 8.4.5 (Attachment 2) also provides response to AT specific policies.

In terms of transit, Kings Transit service has stops along Main Street adjacent to the Development and the conceptual plan has been sent to them for future consideration. If densities warrant in the future, a bus route/stop within the west end development area may be warranted.

7) REVIEW FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES The proposal has been reviewed by other Town Departments and agencies including Public Works, Fire, the Traffic Authority, King’s Transit, the School Board and King’s County planning Staff. Comments/concerns have been dealt with adequately through the project design and terms of the development agreements or are noted as discussion items.

8) PUBLIC FEEDBACK AND OTHER REVIEWS Public Information Meetings (PIMs)

The Town held a PIM in January of 2014 and the notes from the meeting are included as Attachment 5. The main issues were concerning:

• Increased traffic for adjacent streets and intersections • Provision of east/west pedestrian linkages • The unit density, particularly in the southern portion of the development

An additional PIM was held in April of 2016, as per direction from the PAC. The notes from the meeting are included as Attachment 6. The main issues were concerning:

• Increased traffic for adjacent streets and intersections • Various comments on density and where higher density housing types should be placed • Parks/Trails particularly the placement and size of the neighbourhood park • Impacts on property values • Tree retention • Phasing and timing • Stormwater management • If there would be local commercial uses enabled

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Public Open House

The Town held a public open house in August of 2016. The intent was to continue sharing information with residents and to provide an opportunity to view the most recent proposal and discuss with various professionals and the developers who were in attendance. The main issues were similar to those outlined for the PIMs above. The notes from this meeting are included as Attachment 6.

Public Participation Meeting (PPM) for Plan Amendments

The Town held a Public Participation Meeting for potential Plan Amendments (no longer proceeding) on July 26th, 2017. The Minutes/Notes and Public submissions that were included for this meeting are included in Attachment 6.

Design Review Committee The Development Agreement regulations have not been reviewed by the Design Review Committee given it is not a requirement of the CDD designation/zone.

9) SUMMARY OF DRAFT DA PROVISIONS Highlights of the draft DAs (Attachments 7a. and b.), are as follows:

• Provisions around phasing and density specified; • Residential land uses and housing types specified; • Provisions for other uses permitted (i.e. local commercial, home based businesses, etc) specified; • Minimum lot sizes and yards, including amenity spaces for multi-unit development; • Use of tentative subdivision approvals and servicing agreements associated with each phase; • Landscaping and tree planting requirements, landscape architect requirements and parking treatments for multi-unit dwellings; • Conditions for the acceptance of public streets are specified; • Urban Design provisions (i.e. garages, corner lots, varied street scene); and • Details of Parkland dedication specified.

It should be noted that the draft DAs are subject to a final legal review and may undergo minor revisions (wording, formatting, etc) before a Committee of the Whole.

10) CONCLUSION Given the scale of this development, coordination required between 2 developers, and potential impacts to the community at-large, additional public consultation and staff time have gone into bringing this proposal forward. Staff are of the opinion the proposal is consistent with the policies of the MPS and as such, recommend to the Planning Advisory Committee that the attached DAs be forwarded to Council with a positive recommendation through 2 separate motions.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development 11) ATTACHMENTS

1. MPS Policy 18.6.1 policy summary table 2. MPS Policy 8.4.5 sustainability principles review 3. Affordable Housing Response from Developers 4. Housing Typology Examples from Developers 5. Stormwater and Servicing Summaries + Schematics 6. Public Information Meetings (PIM) and Open House a. PIM Notes (January 2014) b. PIM Notes (April 2016) c. Open House Notes (August 2016) d. Plan Amendment PPM (July 2017) 7. Draft Development Agreements a. NSL b. Viking

359 Main St. Wolfville, NS B4P 1A1 | Tel: (902) 542-5767 | Fax: (902) 542-4789 | www.wolfville.ca 27

REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

ATTACHMENT 1 – MPS POLICY 18.6.1 SUMMARY

MPS POLICY 18.6.1 REVIEW MPS POLICY STAFF COMMENT 18.6.1 to consider the following in addition to all other criteria set out in the various policies of this MPS, when considering proposals for development agreement and Land Use By-Law (LUB) amendments: (a) to ensure that the proposal conforms to the intent of the MPS and to all other applicable Town By- Proposal is considered by staff to be consistent with the Laws and regulations, except where the application policies of the MPS. for a development agreement modifies the requirements of the LUB or Subdivision By-Law. (b) to ensure that the development does not cause conflict with adjacent land uses, disturb the quiet enjoyment of adjacent lands, or alter the character and stability of surrounding neighbourhoods through: i) the type and intensity of use There will be areas of intensified land use within the development. These are concentrated in the southern area of the development away from existing lower density development. The proposal has looked to balance the desires of existing residents with the Town’s identified housing needs moving forward. ii) the height, mass or architectural design of Provisions provided in the draft DAs concerning proposed buildings treatment of corner lots, varied street scene, and garage placement; however, fairly limited control of architectural design is proposed when compared to the Town’s architectural control areas. iii) hours of operation of the use No issues anticipated given the majority of land use will be residential in nature. iv) outdoor lighting No issues anticipated, existing regulation in Land Use By-Law would be enforced. v) noise, vibration, or odour No issues anticipated. vi) vehicles and pedestrian traffic No significant concerns identified by traffic authority or consultant traffic study. Left hand turning lanes may be warranted at Main Street in future as development proceeds. vii) alteration of land levels/or drainage patterns Provisions in development agreement to control any issues that may arise. Storm detention ponds are enabled, subject to detailed design, to limit run off and sustainability of municipal infrastructure. viii) deprivation of natural light No issues anticipated.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

(c) to ensure that the capacity of local services is The required densities (5-12 du/acre) provides for land adequate to accommodate the proposed use efficiency and reduces infrastructure servicing costs development and such services will include, but not moving forward. be limited to the following: i) sanitary and storm sewer systems No issues anticipated – see attached schematic. Detailed design to be provided in Servicing Agreement. ii) water systems No issues anticipated – see attached schematic. Servicing Agreement will be required. iii) schools No issues anticipated. Conceptual plans/unit numbers circulate to School Board. iv) recreation and community facilities Will increase community facilities with neighborhood park and linear park/ trail. v) fire and police protection No issues anticipated. vi) street and walkway networks No issues anticipated. East-west connectivity enhanced. vii) solid waste collection and disposal systems No issues anticipated. (d) to ensure that the proposal is not premature or Developer pays all capital costs to install initial inappropriate by reason of the financial ability of infrastructure. Fiscal sustainability is enhanced through the town to absorb capital and/or maintenance the required densities. An analysis of long-term asset costs related to the development. replacement costs was not completed. (e) to ensure that the proposal does not cause environmental damage or damage to adjacent properties through: i) pollution of soils, water or air No issues anticipated. ii) erosion or sedimentation Controls provided in development agreement and in forthcoming servicing agreement for each phase. iii) interference with natural drainage systems Important natural drainage system along ravine area will continue to function with buffers proposed on each side. iv) flooding Stormwater management (flooding) has been addressed in the draft DAs with detailed design forthcoming at time of subdivision and servicing agreements. (f) to ensure that the proposal protects and preserves matters of public interest such as, but not limited to: i) historically significant buildings N/A ii) public access to shorelines, parks and public and Connectivity to the proposed trail system is provided community facilities and a requirement for future Phase 2 multi-unit development. iii) important and significant cultural features, Proposal will see natural ravine area protected and natural land features and vegetation preserved as a linear park/open space area. (g) to ensure that the proposed site and building design provides the following:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

i) useable active transportation networks that Sidewalks and walkways (east-west connections) contribute to existing active transportation links provided along with linear park/trail system circling throughout the community Phase 3. ii) functional vehicle circulation and parking and Site specific controls for vehicle circulation are provided loading facilities designed to avoid congestion in the Land Use By-Law while the TIA for the overall on or near the property and to allow vehicles to development provided recommendations on future move safely within and while entering and improvements to maintain adequate service levels. exiting the property iii) facilities for the safe movement of pedestrians Adequate facilities provided. and cyclists iv) adequate landscaping features such as trees, shrubs, hedges, fences, flower beds and lawns Landscaping provisions included in the draft DA. to successfully integrate the new development into the surrounding area v) screening of utilitarian elements, such as but not limited to; mechanical and electrical Requirements included in draft DA. equipment, and garbage storage bins vi) safe access for emergency vehicles No issues anticipated – reviewed by Fire Chief vii) adequate separation from, and consideration of, public and private utility corridors to ensure N/A their continued safe and functional operation viii) architectural features, including but not limited to, mass, scale, roof style, trim elements, exterior cladding materials, and the shape, size and relationship of doors and windows; that are Limited design provisions are included in the draft DA. visually compatible with surrounding buildings in the case of a new building or with the existing building in the case of an addition ix) useable outdoor amenity space for use of Neighborhood park, multi-use trail/linear park, and residents in a residential development cash-in-lieu provided to meet policy requirements (see details in earlier sections of this report) x) accessible facilities for the storage and Controlled by Solid Waste/Resource By-Law. collection of solid waste materials xi) appropriate consideration for energy Building Code requirements will apply as well as the conservation encouragement of building orientation to maximize sun exposure. xii) appropriate consideration of and response to site conditions, including but not limited to; Preservation of natural ravine and watercourse has slopes, soil, and geological conditions, been provided. Storm detention ponds will also provide vegetation, watercourses, wet lands, and for stormwater management. drainage (h) where Council determines, on the advice of a licensed professional, that there is a significant risk of environmental damage from any proposed No issues identified. development which does not require an assessment under the Environmental Assessment

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

Act, environmental studies shall be carried out at the expense of the developer for the purpose of determining the nature and extent of any environmental impact and no agreement shall be approved until Council is satisfied that the proposed development will not create or result in undue environmental damage

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development ATTACHMENT 2 – MPS POLICY 8.4.5 SUMMARY

Guide to Interpretation of Clause 8.4.5 – Sustainability Principles

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (a) Building & site design to reduce energy requirements High

Objective:

To encourage building and site design that reduces operational energy requirements of a development over its lifecycle.

Definitions/Examples:

Operational Energy Requirements – include building heating and cooling, lighting (indoor & outdoor), water heating, building orientation and other mechanical & electrical systems within the development (i.e. district heating systems).

Staff Comment:

Provided in the proposal is an efficient road system, conservation of natural areas, and small house/lot sizes to provide some response to this principle. Having the long axis of buildings within 15 degrees of the east-west orientation can contribute to positive solar gain. Given the sites north-south road network, this should not be difficult in the siting of homes on properties.

An example of the winter and summer sun path is shown below. The long axis of this example building is oriented directly south in an east-west orientation.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development 8.4.5 (b) (i) Retention of Natural Systems High

Objective:

To substantially reduce the harmful impact of development on the environment by retaining and/or re-establishing natural systems. To enhance the connectivity of natural systems to maintain, rehabilitate or enrich biodiversity and provide protective systems, such as flood control.

Definitions/Examples:

Natural Systems - include, but are not limited to, watercourses, wetlands, wooded or forested areas, and individual trees of significant size, ravines, steep slopes, and wildlife habitat.

Staff Comment:

Provided in the proposal is the retention of the natural ravine lands (including a conservation easement) along with provisions to ensure development does not encroach on water bodies or steep slopes, as per typical development constraints. Mature tree preservation is also encouraged.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (ii) Retention of Category 2 soils Medium

Objective:

To retain Category 2 soils, in accordance with Statements of Provincial Interests, for use or potential use in the future for food production. This could be accomplished through techniques such as cluster housing or creation of community gardens.

Definitions/Examples:

Category 2 Soils - soils in this class have moderate limitations which restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices. The soils are deep and hold moisture well. The limitations are moderate and the soils can be managed and cropped with little difficulty. Under good management they are moderately high to high in productivity for a fairly wide range of crops.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Staff Comment:

Limited response provided in the proposal to this principle, although there are options available for some group dwelling development (cluster housing) within the development and nothing precludes the inclusion of a community garden(s) or other features in the area.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (iii) Use of renewable energy sources Medium

Objective:

To encourage the use renewable energy sources within a development to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gases.

Definitions/Examples:

Renewable Energy - is generated from natural resources which are replenished by natural processes. Examples of such resources are solar, wind, and geothermal heat.

Staff Comment:

Limited response. See 8.4.5 (a) above

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (iv) Management of construction wastes Medium

Objective:

To reduce the amount of construction waste to make optimum use of manufactured materials and to reduce the amount of waste going to land fill.

Definitions/Examples:

Construction Waste Reduction - can be accomplished through avoiding over ordering, just in time delivery to avoid weather damage, designing for standard sizes, reusing of waste material on site or nearby, and separation of waste materials for recycling.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Staff Comment:

No response indicated by the proposal.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (v) Reduced storm water run off High

Objective:

To reduce the amount of, or increase in, storm water runoff from a new development. This has the benefit of decreasing downstream erosion and sedimentation damage, reducing the size (and cost) of downstream drainage infrastructure, and increasing opportunity for groundwater recharge.

Definitions/Examples:

Storm Water Runoff – is rain water that falls on a developed site and is not retained on the site (such as roof drains that connect to storm sewer systems) and is discharged to surrounding down gradient lands.

Storm Water Detention – is the temporary collection and detention of storm runoff (usually through engineered ponds or water conserving landscaping) to be released at rates that are equal to or less than those prior to development.

Staff Comment:

The proposal provides for the inclusion of storm water detention and also the limiting of post development run-off to equal to or less than pre-development run-off as a performance measure included in the DAs. A master stormwater management plan will be required at the time of tentative subdivision approval (and servicing agreement) with each individual building lot required to build to the overall master plan.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (vi) Water conservation High

Objective:

To substantially reduce water consumption through efficient conservation practices.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Definitions/Examples:

Efficient Conservation Practices - include, but are not limited to: water conserving landscape practices and design, low flow toilets (6L or less), low flow showerheads (20L or less), and low flow faucets, greywater reuse, and rainwater collection.

Staff Comment:

Much of this will be the decision of the individual homeowner (i.e. rainwater collection, water conserving landscaping); however, low flow toilets and showerheads are now prevalent in new construction.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (vii) Waste reduction (solid waste and sanitary sewage) High

Objective:

To integrate with established inter-Municipal waste reduction practices and recycling programs. To adopt designs that reduce the load on Municipal sanitary sewage infrastructure.

Definitions/Examples:

Recycling Practices- include, but not limited to appropriate recycling receptacles.

Staff Comment:

Development will be part of the regime of waste reduction under Valley Waste Resource Management.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b)(viii) Use of Environmentally Sustainable Materials Medium

Objective:

To encourage the use of building materials that are not harmful to the environment, either in their production, transportation or use, and reduce the amount and use of harmful materials within a development.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Definitions/Examples:

Environmentally Sustainable Materials - are materials that eliminate or reduce harm to the environment by not releasing toxic substances in their production, are made from renewable resources, or are not sourced unnecessarily from distant locations which increase carbon emissions. Examples of environmentally sustainable materials include renewable forest products, and durable materials such as masonry supplies (bricks and stone), concrete and metals (particularly those sourced from recycled materials). Examples of environmentally less acceptable materials include those heavily reliant on limited non-renewable resources such as petroleum and natural gas including vinyl and other plastics as well as asphalt.

Staff Comment:

Any response to this principle would be voluntary on the part of the builder/owner.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (b) (ix) Use of certified Fair Trade products Low

Objective:

To encourage, where appropriate and reasonable, the use of certified Fair Trade products within a development.

Definitions/Examples:

Fair Trade - is an organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries and promote sustainability. The movement advocates the payment of a higher price to producers as well as social and environmental standards in areas related to the production of a wide variety of goods. The Town of Wolfville is a certified Fair Trade Town.

Comments:

Limited applicability for this development.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (c) Affordable Housing High

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Objective:

To provide a component of affordable housing in Wolfville for families with low to moderate incomes, and encourage young families to settle in town.

Definitions/Examples:

Affordable Housing - means housing with a sales price or rental amount within the means of a household that may occupy moderate and low income housing. In the case of dwelling units for sale, affordable means housing in which mortgage, amortization, taxes, insurance, and condominium or association fees, if any, constitute no more than 30% of such gross annual household income for a household of the size that may occupy the unit in question. In the case of dwelling units for rent, affordable means housing for which the rent and utilities constitute no more than 30% percent of such gross annual household income for a household of the size that may occupy the unit in question. (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) Benchmark).

Comments:

The Developer has included a rationale addressing their response to this specific policy, included as Attachment 3.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (d) Alternative Housing models Low

Objective:

To provide choices in types of financial models and social housing structures.

Definitions/Examples:

Alternative Housing - includes but is not limited to condominiums and co-op housing such as equity co-ops, in which ownership is tied to occupancy area, or co-housing, in which each unit owns one share. Other arrangements such as a common/district heating for a number of buildings also falls in this category.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Comments:

A wide variety of housing types are permitted by the development agreements. These will allow opportunities for alternative housing models if there is a demand for such arrangements.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (e) Barrier Free provisions Low/High (for multiple (Note: The National Building Code (NBC) includes housing units) requirements for a minimum number of barrier free units within multiple housing developments)

Objective:

To provide, where appropriate and reasonable, barrier free housing units within a development. To provide barrier free access and mobility within the municipal infrastructure of a development.

Definitions/Examples:

Barrier Free – means a building and its facilities can be approached, entered, and used by persons with physical or sensory disabilities (NBC).

Staff Comment:

The development agreement provides that the requirements of all relevant building/fire codes be adhered to.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (f) Architectural and environmental design High

Objective:

To encourage developments with high architectural value and aesthetic appeal.

Definitions/Examples:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Architectural Value – means individual buildings or entire neighborhoods whose design pays attention to scale, proportion, structural integrity, and appropriate use of materials, in harmony with the site and reflecting the character and climate of Wolfville

Staff Comment:

Draft Development Agreement has limited design provisions included, primarily to deal with garage placement, corner lot treatments and housing variety to encourage walkability. Detailed architectural requirements have not been included in the draft DAs giving the builder/owner flexibility and choice.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (g) Mixture of Housing types and densities High

Objective:

To encourage the development of neighbourhoods containing a variety of single and multiple unit housing that complements the established housing stock in the Municipality.

Definitions/Examples:

The variety of housing includes some or all of the following: detached single family housing, semi-detached, duplex and row housing (townhomes) and single buildings with multiple units. Such housing will provide a variety of designs forming a cohesive and complementary whole.

Staff Comment:

Proposal provides a response to this principle with a mixture of housing types and densities provided for. Change in density in proximity to existing single family housing has been a significant issue amongst community members and the proposal has responded to this concern by limiting the location of certain higher density housing types (e.g. Group Dwellings).

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (h) Public and private amenities Medium

Objective:

To encourage the development of recreational, cultural and health and wellness amenities that enhance the quality of life in Wolfville.

Definitions/Examples:

Public and Private Amenities - include such amenities as walkways, parks and natural landscapes.

Staff Comment:

Proposal provides a response to this principle with the provision of a neighbourhood park and natural ravine area/linear park for public amenities and walking trails.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (i) Active Transportation High

Objective:

To encourage Active Transportation (human-powered transportation). Facilitate active transportation by providing and maintaining well-connected sidewalks, trail/walkways and cycling infrastructure that integrates with existing Municipal systems.

Definitions/Examples:

Active Transportation - includes, but is not limited to; walking, cycling, running, in-line skating, and skateboarding.

Staff Comment:

Proposal provides for a response to this principle through well connected sidewalks, east west pedestrian connections and a trail system around the southern portion of the development. Future bicycle lane(s) may be warranted.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (j) Access to public transportation High

Objective:

To facilitate appropriate and reasonable access to public transportation.

Definitions/Examples:

Facilitation (in a development context) - shall include, but is not limited to, consultation with the appropriate Municipal agencies, and public transit providers, so as to identify potential bus stops, route designs, and other required infrastructure.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Staff Comment:

Proposal provides limited response at this stage; however, build out of the development may encourage rerouting of public transit through the development and the provision of additional infrastructure (bus stop).

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (k) Mixed Use – Local Commercial Low

Objective:

To encourage the provision of local commercial services as part of housing developments.

Definitions/Examples:

Local Commercial Services - include convenience stores, laundry mats, farm markets, etc.

Staff Comment:

The draft DAs enable local/neighbourhood commercial uses. Other uses have been enabled in the draft DAs as well.

MPS Ref. No. Short Description Priority

8.4.5 (l) Efficient use of Land High

Objective:

To reduce capital and operating costs for provision of Municipal infrastructure and services.

Definitions/Examples:

Efficient planning optimizes the costs of infrastructure and services within the context of land use zoning, but not in isolation of other important considerations such as environmental protection. For example, developments that are contiguous to developed areas are preferable to isolated developments. Efficiency is achieved with the full integration of transportation corridors between developments and the minimization of roadways. This could be effected through cluster housing within a buffering green space.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Staff Comment:

The comprehensive development of the two land parcels included through the draft MPS has resulted in an efficient roads and municipal services layout thereby providing a good response to this principle. The required densities (5-12 du/acre) provides for land use efficiency and reduces infrastructure servicing costs/maintenance moving forward.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development ATTACHMENT 3 – DEVELOPER’S AFFORDABLE HOUSING RATIONALE

The following was provided by the Developers (NSL and Viking) as a response to providing affordable housing, as per MPS policy 8.4.5:

The West End project will offer many affordable options for Wolfville residents, including:

1. There will be a great variety of housing in this development. Single family, duplex, semi- detached, townhouses, condominiums and rentals are included in our concept.

2. The density is higher than any other development in Wolfville which will reduce the land cost as a component of the home price. Prices will be reflected in the smaller homes on smaller lots.

3. Rentals will give people that cannot afford home ownership a chance to live in rental accommodation in Wolfville. The cost of rental is always less than ownership.

4. Single family homes will have the option of accessory units which can then be rented or used as in-law suites. This will reduce the homeowner’s housing cost.

5. There will be the option of home occupations which will allow some homeowners to write off some of their home expenses as business expenses.

6. If the Development is able to have a portion of the power overhead (versus underground), this will aid in not transferring this additional cost to the price of homes in the area.

7. The Town could aid in affordability by removing or amending the deed transfer tax and the 10% open space requirement.

8. The Town could also help with the cost of servicing of affordable housing developments.

9. Affordable housing should be a shared responsibility; developers cannot carry the whole load.

Affordability becomes a big challenge when builders are faced with higher taxes, fees, open space, regulations and the red tape from all levels of government. Not to mention the long lead time needed to bring a project like this through the development phase to implementation. In spite of all this, we think the West End Project in Wolfville will offer Wolfville residents many affordable options that will keep them in Wolfville and help it grow.

We hope that the features outlined here address the affordability policy in the MPS.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development ATTACHMENT 4 - HOUSING TYPE EXAMPLES

VIKING Examples (Singles, Semis, Townhomes, Group/Cluster, Multis)

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

NSL Examples (Singles, Semis, Townhomes)

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development ATTACHMENT 5 – Servicing and Stormwater Summaries + Schematics

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development ATTACHMENT 6 – Public Information Meeting and Open House Notes

Attachment 6 a. - Public Information Meeting (2014) Development Agreement Proposal West End Lands

Attending: Staff – Gregg Morrison, Marcia Elliott CDC Members - Mercedes Brian, Dan Sparkman, Jim Morgenstern, Scott Roberts, Dale Gruchy Council – Mayor Cantwell, David Mangle Approximately 50 members of the public

Gregg Morrison presented an overview of the proposal from Viking Ventures and Issam Kadray for a mixed use residential development at the west end of Town.

Jacob Ritchie of Ekistics presented on behalf of the developers.

Public Comments and Questions

- What is the total number of structures for the multi-units? - Concerns were raised regarding the increase in traffic. - Concern was raised that the density of the multi-unit buildings is too high. - What will the size of the lots be? 35-80 ft frontages. - Is there any commercial aspect to the development? - Will the woods at the top be removed? - Will the trail be owned and maintained by the Town? - Concern was raised about increased runoff to Whidden Ave and the pond off Bigelow St. - Concern was raised that the connections for active transportation (pedestrian and bicycle) are not adequate. - Concern was raised that the proposed parkland is not consistent with the Open Space Master Plan. - Suggested that the density be more intermixed rather. - Will the apartment buildings be condos? - Can the Town water and sewer handle the additional load? - Has there been a study to assess the need for the additional housing? - How much investment will the Town need to make? - Will there be any need for blasting? - How will the stormwater retention ponds work?

Attachment 6 b. - Public Information Meeting (2016) 7.00 PM – K.C. Irving Centre Development Agreement Proposal West End Lands

Attending:

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Staff – Devin Lake, Town Planner & James Collicutt, Administrative Assistant 37 Members of the Public Developers – Mike MacArthur, Sue MacArthur and Issam Kadray Consultant – Rob LeBlanc, Ekistics Planning and Design

Mr. Lake began the meeting by presenting an overview of the proposed development, relevant policies and ways in which members of the public can be involved in the process. A presentation from Rob LeBlanc of Ekistics Planning and Design followed, which began with an overview of the development’s background before moving into a rationale for the conceptual plan in terms of housing density, connectivity, mixed dwelling types, parks & open spaces, opportunities, constraints and other more site-specific factors such as slope and aspect. Mr. LeBlanc then outlined the changes to the current plan from the 2010 Plan in terms of traffic volume, agreements defining the phasing of services, density target updates, parkland dedications, the storm water management plan and creating walkable streets. In summation Mr. LeBlanc reiterated that the goals and intentions of the plan had stayed the same. Before entering into an overview of the current plan, Mr. LeBlanc briefly introduced a case study of a master planned community in Milton, Ontario to elaborate on how these types of communities can achieve the goals and objectives most important in creating successful communities. Mr. LeBlanc then led into his overview of the development, explaining the phasing plan for the West End Lands and the relevant densities/frontages of the different housing types. This conceptual plan would encapsulate approximately 390 units spanning over roughly 4.4 acres. The discussion was then turned to the members of the public for comment and questions.

Public Comments & Questions Public: What kind of housing will be included in Phase 2? LeBlanc: Single family housing, some semis and possibly some townhouses. Public: Why has the plan changed since I’ve purchased a property in the development? LeBlanc: The 2010 Master Plan was highly conceptual and was intended to establish the guiding principles for the development, which would lead into the completion of the development agreement as the process moved forward. Changes to the plan can be affected by the economic factors that govern the housing market. Lake: Asked for further clarification regarding the resident’s concerns. Public: The parkland is markedly decreased in the newest plan. Lake/LeBlanc: Explained why the plan has changed over time and how the plan can be locked-in via a Development Agreement. Public: There has to be more park area for families to enjoy. Public: The holding pond creates a very unsightly and uncomfortable feature in the next-door resident’s backyard. LeBlanc: The pond is a functional feature of the development that manages storm water runoff. Public: There has to be a barrier, such as a fence, to keep kids safe. Why not use storm water drains? LeBlanc: The most effective way of managing storm water run-off is to sequester it on-site and create infiltration within the development. The storm water management plan has to follow the provincial government’s run-off and erosion management plan guidelines. Lake: The Town is working with the developer to correct the problems associated with the storm water reservoir. Public: Would like to see more detail on how the development will manage its storm water because there will be more runoff as development continues and the relatively small amount there is now isn’t being handled effectively. LeBlanc: Storm water management plan considerations will be a key component moving forward. Public: Can you clarify what is meant by the Phase 1 and Phase 3 “alternative housing” types? LeBlanc: Phase 1 will consist primarily of single family homes and may extend further than is shown in the plan. Phase 3 will consist primarily of townhomes and multiunit buildings. The alternative housing types could be, cluster developments, townhomes or stacked townhomes – totalling approximately 24 units in the current plan.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Public: Many of these alternative housing types will attract young families that need more open parkland, not linear parks along waterways – spaces where kids can play such as playgrounds, sports fields, etc. Kadray: Throughout the development of the conceptual plan the Town gave the developers no indication as to what they would like to see as dedicated parklands. Public: Housing densities are too high. LeBlanc: The density is necessary to achieve financial viability in the development and to allow for varied levels of income to purchase homes here. Densities range from 5 - 13.7 units per acre. Mr. LeBlanc went on to provide some rationale for the financial implications of lowering densities and how they affect the affordability of these developments for residents and the host municipalities. Mr. Lake re-iterated how members of the public could get involved in the process. Public: How many people will live here? LeBlanc: High end approximately 850, low end 300-400. Public: Is there a provincial standard for designing storm water retention ponds? LeBlanc: There are provincial standards for having engineered drawings, which can also incorporate barrier or greenery. Detention Pond Designer: The pond is not finished; it will be re-sloped and vegetated with the intention of holding the water and preventing erosion from happening downstream. An example exists in Canaan Heights. Public: Does the MPS allow for clear cutting to accommodate Phase 3? Lake: The MPS doesn’t specifically outline credentials for persevering vegetation on developable lands. Public: What has the back-and-forth between the Town and the developers been previously? Lake: Couldn’t speak to the entirety of the process but spoke about the more recent discussion around alternative housing forms, density, affordable housing, storm water management, servicing and parkland dedications. Public: Has the possibility of creating an access to Highway 101 been considered? LeBlanc: Cost would be approximately $10M and it has not been considered as part of this development. Kadray: The developer’s preference is to build low density housing but they are required to adhere to the policies outlined in the MPS relating to density. Public: How will traffic be handled at the intersection with Main? Lake: The Traffic Study identifies monitoring certain intersections and includes the possibility of creating a turning lane onto Stirling and Kent. Public: In relation to the density of housing, are there special provisions for fire barriers for homes with such small side yards? LeBlanc: These considerations are regulated by the NS building Code. Public: If three lots were purchased by an individual would you have to build three houses or could you just build one? LeBlanc: Negotiating that sort of development would be left to the developers and the terms of the DA. Devin: In response, the overall density range for the development would have to be maintained but if possible, would this be desirable? Public: Yes. Public: Does Phase 3 include apartments? LeBlanc: Yes, they could be apartments or condos but the developer will decide how many units per building are constructed as long as they stay within the terms of the DA and MPS. Public: Is the final decision on what happens here the Town’s or the developer’s? LeBlanc: The Town and the developers negotiate throughout the development process but the Town Council will make the final decision on the development agreement that will govern this development. Public: When will the total number of units for the development be decided on? LeBlanc: During the development agreement process. Public: How will the Town afford the services? Kadray: The developers will pay for the initial cost of installing the services, which are then turned over to the Town to care for in future. LeBlanc: Density is a key factor in making these developments affordable for the Town in the long term.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development Public: What kinds of developments are contributing to the growth in Wolfville during recent years? LeBlanc: Higher density developments such as apartments and condos have been important drivers in population growth under similar circumstances elsewhere and that could very well be the case here. Lake: The specifics on the types of development that support the increased population in Wolfville are available in Wolfville’s new draft planning-related documents. Public: Local economic factors in Wolfville and Nova Scotia as a whole may leave the community vulnerable to failure if it relies primarily on real estate taxes. Lake: The MPS review discussions relate very closely to this issue so staying involved in those discussions is a way to affect these sorts of changes in Wolfville. Public: Is there a timeline for the development? LeBlanc: Construction could take 12 to 15 year plan or more. Public: Would like to have access to basics (bread, milk, etc.) via a sidewalk for everyone living in the development. LeBlanc: The sidewalks within the development would provide access to the Main Street sidewalks leading to the downtown and possibly to the nearby farm markets. Public: Who is the target market for the higher-density areas within the development? Lake: The idea would be that this will become a mixed community, and that the concept of aging in place would necessitate having smaller units but what the developer does really depends on how they choose to respond to the market. Councillor Donovan: Housing stock of this type is sought after by seniors, young professionals and families who may not be interested in a single-family home.

At this time there were no more questions or comments and the meeting was adjourned at 8:38PM.

Attachment 6 c. - West End Public Open House (August 23, 2016) Wolfville Farmer’s Market (7pm-9pm) ~30 people in attendance.

Event was set up with display boards around the room (included as Attachment 5d) and Staff, Developers and Consultants available to discuss the project with residents.

Notes are a summation of conversations had with residents by Town Planner Devin Lake, Planning Consultant Rob LeBlanc, and the two Developer’s. Comment sheets received at the event have also been summarized and included here.

Image of August 23, 2016 West End Public Open House event

Planner’s Notes (including comment sheets):

• A walking trail amenity was well received by residents

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development • Neighbourhood Park location and size – both positive and negative comments received • Density – some supportive of attached forms and higher density while others echoed previous concerns we have heard about higher density (increased traffic a primary one). One comment sheet states we should reconsider the du’s/acre we have in policy • Residents happy to hear more details on how stormwater ponds will function if they are required. • How will affordable housing be achieved? (comment sheet) • What will ensure quality construction of homes? (comment sheet) • How will the zoning and housing types be determined? (comment sheet) • Lack of sidewalk and the width of the existing section of Hillcrest – concern especially during construction if increase in truck traffic with kids playing • Some concern about the existing truck traffic in the neighbourhood (acknowledging a lot of this is due to summer 2016 Town projects) • Trees along the rear property lines of Kent Ave homes • Proposed detention ponds and what these would look like • 2 people said in the comments sheets that they prefer a Town Hall style event so they can hear other people’s concerns

Consultant’s Notes:

• Few had concern about the density particularly in phase 3. They want it to be left undeveloped or R1 like surrounding lands, they didn’t want anything denser. • Few wanted the park moved to a more central location • Few concerns with stormwater management. • Some wanted trees preserved near property lines abutting existing R1 uses • Some thought the density should be closer to the downtown but understood that that meant closer to existing homes • Some would have preferred more cluster type development • Some concerned for architectural controls. • Some concerned with phasing • Some concerbed that the grading work that is going on now presupposes a positive outcome for the process • Few felt we should just get on with it.

Developer’s Notes

• Trails were likely the most talked about element and that it would be positive for all residents of Wolfville

• That this process has been going on for a long time and needed to be moved forward to provide the variety and types of new homes being proposed. One comment that there seems to be regular traffic looking in the area for home options.

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REPORT TO PLANNING ADVISORY COMMITTEE West End Lands DA Proposals Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development • Comments that they are looking for smaller and nice options in some part of the development. Want to downsize but want new and nice finishes. • Quality homes would ensure a quality development and bring great energy to Wolfville • 2 different folks commented they would find It imaginable to have some sort of commercial entities on the upper lands once the area was developed…ie a small convenience store maybe in a larger building so getting the jug of milk was convenient for those that didn’t want to drive or walk all the way to town. • That the parks were great, and the views on the artists images there would be nice to enjoy. That people like Wolfville for its amenities and this would add to those that already exist. • Was refreshing to hear a comment from someone very experienced that recognized that development costs were expensive and there should be flexibility on a bit of 3 phase power to control ultimate lot costs and, that this land was a certain shape and orientation and that there was only so much that could be done in terms of layout. They felt the design was good and very excited to see it get going before other neighboring communities pulled residents away with new housing opportunities and no deed transfer taxes. • A comment that the traffic appears to be managed with the layout being proposed and the splitting of traffic on more than one street. • That the park was good, and that it would need to be designed and maintained so it would be kept looking good for years to come as it was central to the community (which was perceived to be good).

Attachment 6 d. - West End Public Participation Meeting for Plan Amendments

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Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Public Participation Meeting 6.00 PM – Wolfville School Library Municipal Planning Strategy Amendment West End Lands

ATTENDING Mayor Jeff Cantwell, Councillor Wendy Donovan, Councillor Jodi MacKay, Melinda Norris, Steve Mattson, Scott Roberts & Recording Secretary James Collicutt

ALSO ATTENDING Director Chrystal Fuller, Director of Corporate Services Jennifer Boyd, Planner Doug Parrish & Councillor Mercedes Brian (late arrival), Developers Mr. & Mrs. MacArthur, Developer Issam Kadray, Consultant Rob LeBlanc (Ekistics) and approximately 45 members of the public

Director Fuller began the meeting with a PowerPoint presentation that provided an overview of the proposed amendment to establish a secondary plan for the West End Lands, a review of relevant policies, background information and a look at the MPS amendment process before turning to the public for comments or questions.

Public Comments & Questions:

Emily Parks, 14 Hillcrest Avenue:  Will there be any sidewalks in the development?

Director Fuller:  Sidewalks will be located as part of the development agreement for each of the developers.

Erma Stultz, 62 Chambers Close:  What is a single unit dwelling?

Director Fuller:  A dwelling type that would previously have been thought of as a single‐family home.

Keith Appleton, 71 Chambers Close:  Will there be a bridge over the ravine?

Director Fuller:  There are no set plans for a bridge over the ravine but if a crossing for a future trail is required it will be done in an ecologically sensitive manner.

Garland Greene, 48 Stirling Avenue:  The sidewalks should be regarded as mandatory, for our children’s safety. There should be better connectivity to ensure the sidewalks are accessible for young families and their children, especially where smaller lots are being considered that don’t have large yards for play.

Page 1 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Director Fuller:  There are provisions in the draft development agreements for sidewalks.

Mr. Kadray:  The developers have granted 13% of the total land area to the Town for open space as well as having paid open space fees. There will be a sidewalk along the Kadray extension.

Mr. Green:  If there an existing right of way from Hillcrest Ave. to Kent Ave. then it should be made into a public walkway.

Audrey Conroy, 35 Bishop Avenue:  How will the children living in the denser area north of the ravine travel to and from this part of the development?

Director Fuller:  Pedestrian traffic will likely access this area of the development along the road network.

Bruce Musgrave, 51 Stirling Avenue:  Have considerations been made for incorporating traffic calming measures in establishing the road network?

Director Fuller:  Traffic calming measures have been discussed and their implementation will be considered as the development progresses.

Kim MacDonald, 27 Stirling Avenue:  Stop signs should be part of the plan at this point.

Director Fuller:  Decisions around the placement of stop signs is not part of the planning process. They will be placed by the Traffic Authority throughout development as required.

Maxwell Moulton, 42 Bigelow Street:  The Town should look very carefully at speed limits in this development.

Director Fuller:  The Traffic Authority will determine the speed limits throughout the development.

Mr. Moulton:  Will the run‐off from the development work end up in Pondview Park?

Director Fuller:  Developers are normally required to submit an erosion control plan as part of the subdivision process; this is where issues or concerns are identified and dealt with accordingly.

Page 2 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Carol Donaldson, 70 Stirling Avenue:  The remnants of agricultural infrastructure in the area (drainage tile) are likely contributing to the water management issues and engineers should consider this very carefully.  Agricultural vehicles should not be allowed to operate in residential areas and left turns off Stirling Avenue are already difficult so the information supplied by the traffic engineers in their report is likely flawed.

Wanda, (representative of) 63 Stirling Avenue:  Retention ponds are dangerous to children and no more should be allowed in the West End Lands.

Director Fuller:  A storm water management plan is currently being reviewed in order to understand what the best tools for on‐site storm water management are. The draft policies only allow for retention ponds when deemed necessary.

Andrew Buckle, 20 Stirling Avenue:  The number of children on Stirling has grown significantly over the past few years and this raises concerns with the Skyway connection, which are always busier (dangerous). Why has the design changed from Stirling ending in a cul‐de‐sac to a connection with Skyway?

Director Fuller:  The cul‐de‐sac was a temporary change to an established plan that came forward in 1999, which showed a connection with Skyway. The connection acts as an additional point of access for emergency services and lends itself to grid development and consistency between block sizes in the west end of Town.

Mr. Buckle:  The development north of the ravine will be denser and there are serious concerns with the amount of traffic coming from that area along Stirling Avenue.

Director Fuller:  The traffic statement notes that it (the connection) will have no bearing on the functioning of the street network.

John Whidden, 7 Fowler Street:  Has there been any thought about going back to the original vision for Hillcrest; for family‐ organized development?  Many of the storm water issues in Town are likely the result of ditches being filled to allow for wider streets and sidewalks.

Director Fuller:  The landowners have the right to the develop this land and the role of Staff is to evaluate their applications against existing policies.

Page 3 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Peter Rice, 64 Stirling Avenue:  Is there a timeframe for development being imposed by the Town?

Director Fuller:  The development agreements will include details on phasing. There will also be a requirement for any new development to have two exits within the overall development, but how that is done is up to the developer. They will have to establish that second exit before they are able to build any additional dwellings.

Andrew Buckle, 20 Stirling Avenue:  Can Stirling Avenue loop back down Hillcrest?

Director Fuller:  This is not an option being considered at present as it would not lend itself well to improving connectivity.

Juan Lopez, 36 Stirling Avenue:  Is there a need (sufficient housing demand) for this development?

Director Fuller:  According to recent census data, the Town has been experiencing growth over each census period except for the most recent. It is the developer’s responsibility to gauge the market and determine if there is a market for new housing. The Town is allowing for the growth.

Mr. Lopez:  What will happen to the people already living on Stirling (regarding storm water) with future development occurring?

Director Fuller:  The master storm water management plan – provided by the developers – is intended to ensure that storm water is managed in an appropriate way. There are numerous methods being suggested for managing the water and the specifics are detailed in the plan itself.

Michael Shreve, 1 Riga Drive:  Why does the high‐density area north of the ravine only have one exit?

Director Fuller:  The requirement for number of connections to an area is determined by the size of the area and its distance from other connections.

Ryan, 23 Stirling Avenue:  Which services require the connection to Skyway? Why does there need to be a road to accommodate the service connection?

Director Fuller:  Water will connect from Skyway. There is no requirement for a road and the public’s preference for not having a road there will be taken into consideration; however, it does limit connectivity from a planning (traffic flow) standpoint.

Page 4 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Karen Padovani, 22 Kent Avenue:  What policies, other than those relating to roadways, will there be? Why can the provision of sidewalks not be part of these policies?

Director Fuller:  There are both general Town policies and policies that apply specifically to this land use designation. The existing policies do require sidewalks on some classes of roadways but normally the exact placement of sidewalks is not written into policy. It would make sense to add them to the existing road network map.

Pam Frail, 68 Kent Avenue:  Will the zoning along the Hillcrest extension be similar to the existing zoning on Kent that it will back onto?

Director Fuller:  This is the intention.

Linda Rice, 64 Stirling Avenue:  The residents of Stirling Avenue feel mislead. Many had purchased property with the understanding that the street would end in a cul‐de‐sac.

John Comeau, 59 Stirling Avenue:  A public meeting was held several months ago with the intent of developing a storm water management policy – does the Town now have one in place?

Director Fuller:  The Town has general policies that storm water management plans will be approved by the Town’s engineer. The Town does not have specific storm water standards and relying on best practices and engineering expertise to evaluate management plans.

Mr. Comeau:  Are there any plans for future (retention) ponds?

Director Fuller:  Storm water management methods are being discussed and the Town will be diligent about accepting infrastructure that it cannot effectively maintain, be it a pond, road, ect.

Maxwell Moulton, 42 Bigelow Street:  Landmark East should have a school zone established around it, irrespective of it being a private school.  Will there be an opportunity for residents to provide input on the final draft?

Director Fuller:  The public hearing will be the next opportunity for public input and the subsequent development agreements will also go through a public consultation process.

Page 5 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Frank Hazel, 12 Stirling Avenue:  Will underground services continue throughout the development?

Director Fuller:  Council recently removed the requirement for underground services, therefore it won’t be required. It is up to the developers and will be discussed as part of the development agreement.

Mrs. MacArthur:  Nova Scotia Power has some requirements to supply certain types of power overhead but it will be underground where possible/sensible (in the Viking Ventures development).

Mr. Kadray:  There will overhead along the street and underground from the poles to the units (in the Kadray development).

Both developers noted that the max number of units shown in the staff presentation are not being seen by the developers as a density goal.

Brian Steeves, 68 Kent Avenue:  Is there a proposed start date for further development?

Director Fuller:  Further development hinges on Council’s approval. Assuming the amendment progresses as expected, development would likely start in Spring 2018.

The meeting paused for a break at 7:35PM and resumed at 7:48PM.

John Comeau, 59 Stirling Avenue:  Sediment – who does a property owner contact with concerns?

Director Fuller:  Director of Public Works, Kevin Kerr.

Kim MacDonald, 27 Stirling Avenue:  Can the connector midway up Hillcrest serve as an alternative (second entrance) to the Skyway connection?

Director Fuller:  The current proposal is to have a secondary entrance from Skyway.

Mr. Kadray:  The first phase of development will see Hillcrest loop up around to Stirling and the developers intent to do this as soon as possible.

Mrs. MacDonald:  Can the Town setup phases to ensure the Skyway connection is part of the last phase?

Director Fuller:  It is possible but that may not be the approach taken. Thoughts noted.

Page 6 of 7 Town of Wolfville Public Participation Meeting Wednesday, July 26th, 2017

Andrew Buckle, 20 Stirling Avenue:  The biggest issue for everyone is the connection to Skyway. How will that concern be handled? Can the public get involved again at PAC?

Director Fuller:  The next opportunity for the public to present their concerns is the public hearing; however, the comments from this PPM will move forward for consideration.

Jean McRae, 74 Kent Avenue:  Where will the walkway from Kent to Hillcrest be?

Director Fuller:  Approximately midblock, in‐line with Riga Drive.

Pam Frail, 68 Kent Avenue:  Why are there connections to outside of Town shown?

Director Fuller:  These are road reserves for potential future development on adjacent lands, which allows for connectivity between neighbouring streets. They do not indicate that any adjacent development will ever take place, only that it may.

Andrew Buckle, 20 Stirling Avenue:  Are there plans for a trail between Hillcrest and Kent?

Director Fuller:  Yes, via a walkway running in‐line with Riga Drive.

John Comeau, 59 Stirling Avenue:  Will the bulk of the storm water from future development end up in the existing storm water (retention) pond?

Director Fuller:  The intent is to manage storm water on‐site; however, planning Staff are unable to provide any further comment on the management plan that is still evolving.

Mr. LeBlanc:  Most run‐off from the northern area of the development will drain into the ravine.

At this time, there were no further question or comment and the Public Participation Meeting was officially adjourned at 8:00.

Page 7 of 7 From: Andrew Buckle Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 11:14 AM To: Chrystal Fuller Cc: Adam Fraser, Krista Doucette, Kevin Dickie, Kerry Deveau, Greg Deaveau, Charmaine Buckle, Scott Landry Subject: RE: West End Lands Update

Hi Crystal,

In looking at this plan... There is a remarkable difference to the plan that was presented earlier this year.

Stirling Avenue was shown to end in a cul‐du‐sac and now the new plan shows it will be a thru road with Skyway Drive.

When did this change come about and I did not see any notification come through of this significant change.

Thanks Andrew

From: Al Comeau Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 8:12 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: RE: West End Lands Update

Hello Chrystal,

First, thank you for forwarding the material to me regarding the upcoming meeting. I am quite surprised that the public invite also entails we absorb the 194 pages of material during the next two days prior to the meeting. It is apparent several staff members have been working towards this development for years, thus they would fully understand the various aspects being discussed in the attachment. I was told last year when I made an inquiry regarding future development that inevitably a proposal would be approved, thus I question the rationale of inviting the public ?

Last year I participated in numerous in meetings regarding “storm water management “ and only after many hours of discussions was the original design modified to a viable design. The final design did fall short of the understanding I had.

I notice multiple references in this attachment which talk about “storm water management “ directing water to ponds etc., I am extremely concerned that future development will produce yet another plan approved for storm water management and that plan will be as poorly thought out as the detention pond behind my property !!!

In the short time that I have been a resident of Wolfville it is discouraging to see that any efforts to cause future development appear to require constant changes to the last proposal.

I unfortunately due to the short notice will be unable to attend this meeting, thus I felt it appropriate to let you know a few of my concerns.

Kind Regards,

Al Comeau

From: Adam Fraser Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2017 1:55 PM To: James Collicutt Subject: Re: Upcoming Public Participation Meeting ‐ West End Lands

Hi James,

Thank you for the letter informing our household of the meeting. Unfortunately due to work commitments I will be unable to attend this evenings meeting.

Regarding the development, I have no issues with both parties developing their land and adding to the tax base in Wolfville. What concerns me is that many on our street were led to believe by both Mike and the town that Stirling Avenue would end in a Cul‐du‐sac and would connect to Hillcrest and the new development above Stirling via a side street. In a lot of our minds this would act as way of slowing the increased traffic we are going to see from the over 400 additional proposed units, especially considering we have 27 children that now live on Stirling Ave.

Some of our neighbours and I are also concerned that the current plan/decision connecting Skyway with Stirling is in the bag and that this meeting is just for show. Walking at the top of the street it appears as though part of the proposed route is already staked off.

I hope the town takes the time to address the increase in traffic flow, and do something to address the speed at which cars would be going down the current proposed route. Nobody wants an accident, and with the number of children on our street and the proposed large radius turn connecting to Skyway, I fear that it would only be a matter of time.

Sincerely,

Adam Fraser

From: Greg&TrishStarkey

Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2017 3:30 PM

To: Chrystal Fuller

Subject: PPM SUBMISSION ‐ WEST END

Dear Ms Fuller: We had intended on being at the meeting tonight but something has come up. The following is my concern regarding the proposed designated park land:

The rear of our property at 60 Stirling Ave abuts the west boundary of the proposed park land. I note that there is a concern some of the linear green space in the ravine to the South is more suitable for walking and hiking vice more active sports facilities for youth. By implication, one can surmise that the designated parkland would have facilities such as: play ground equipment, sports fields, tennis courts, basket ball courts/hoops etc, perhaps even lighting. We would be very concerned if such facilities were located adjacent to our property due to the noise implications at various hours of the day and night. If such facilities were being considered for the proposed parkland, we would hope they would be located as far to the eastern boundary of the plot as possible.

If notes/minutes of the meeting tonight are taken, I trust they will be posted for distribution in the near future. Thank you for your attention in this matter.

Greg Starkey From: Howard Williams Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2017 9:57 AM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: West End Lands meeting July 26

Hi Chrystal: First, you managed the meeting well, I know from personal experience what it is like to do that job. I have a number of questions and comments of a technical nature that I felt would be more suitable if put in writing for you and any technical review panel to address. I wish for these to be appended to the official minutes of the meeting and they can be distributed or provided as a link to interested stakeholders. Comments: 1. Traffic density is likely to impact on existing residents of Stirling, especially children, who have now made the street their traditional meeting and playing place (a fact I find charming). One reason for that is the wet nature of people’s back yards and the lack of level public playing space. Any new recreation area should include easily and quickly accessible and secure playing space. Currently, there is none for Stirling. The comments by the RCMP member who lives on Stirling are pertinent in regard to traffic calming in order that Stirling does not become a ‘cut’ used by traffic from Skyway and the southern end of the proposed subdivision, down to Main Street. Instead of making the route from Skyway into Stirling direct, there should be at least one intersection with a stop sign/turn within the subdivision, to slow traffic. Alternatively, chicanes could be used to slow traffic. 2. Currently, Kent is the preferred link between Cherry Lane farm traffic and the Gaspereau area. Why those residents put up with this commercial traffic is beyond my understanding but I do not wish for Stirling to become that preferred route. Please alert your traffic management consultants to this issue, they may not be local residents. 3. Furthermore, it is already tiresome to turn left (west) from Stirling Avenue in the morning and afternoon. On Main Street, traffic is bunched by the time it gets to Stirling from Greenwich. I question the conclusions of the traffic management report and would like access to it. Please provide a link. 4. Footpaths are absolutely necessary in a subdivision, not only for safety but also to promote walking rather than driving, a sustainability issue promoted in your MPS. 5. Again, despite what is written in your recently published MPS (Section 8.4.5.b iii), streets are still elongated on north‐south lines, not east‐west, that would promote energy efficiency. Given the number of times that sustainability and energy efficiency are used in the MPS it surprises me that you are not taking heed of the possibilities for new builds. 6. My professional expertise was in stormwater and groundwater management, I am now retired. The grounds that surround our newly‐built house on Stirling are suffering from both groundwater seeps and the inability of rainfall to infiltrate into the highly inhomogeneous clay‐ rich soils. The use of swales only leads stormwater to the street because in the swale length available it does not infiltrate. In places gradients of the swales are insufficient to lead water away from the property, so it then sits in the swale and eventually evaporates. More attention to land gradient, its orientation and the soil permeability needs to be taken when designing and preparing lots for development. Furthermore, we have it on good authority from a long‐time resident of Stirling that tile drains still exist under the old orchards and that these may in part be the cause of some of the seeps. These tile drains should have been removed from the site before building, perhaps by ripping the land, which would have broken up much of the compacted soil, improving its permeability and thereby solving at least some of the infiltration issue. 7. I am not able to find soil geochemical analyses for the West End lands on your website. Were soils in the Stirling Avenue area tested for organic herbicides and pesticides and arsenic prior to subdivision? If not, why not, and what gives you confidence that the ground is safe for subdivision use? Please provide a link to analyses of soil. I look forward to responses to my comments and queries and to links as requested. Regards

Howard Williams

70 Stirling Avenue Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P 2S1 Canada Cell: 1 519 301 5303

From: Howard Williams Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2017 12:40 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: RE: West End Lands meeting July 26

Thanks Chrystal: I have two more points. 1. I would like to view the Drainage Plan for the proposed subdivision when it becomes available. You will recall from my earlier comments that I am not satisfied with the current arrangements for drainage from my lot. 2. When lots are landscaped by the Developer, a great deal of bare soil is created on adjacent lots. Currently, these are not vegetated, with the result that silt is transported into the swales, reducing their influence on land drainage and clogging up my carefully designed gravel‐filled structures. Regards

Howard Williams

Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P 2S1 Canada From: Karissa Fraser Sent: Wednesday, June 26, 2017 2:28 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: West End Lands Development

Hi Chrystal,

My name is Karissa Fraser, and I am a home‐owner on Stirling Avenue. I am aware that there is a public meeting tonight to discuss the development of our area, and unfortunately, due to work scheduling, neither my husband nor I are able to make it. I would still like to be able to voice my opinion in this matter, however, so I hope that you and the council will take this into consideration.

We bought our house 5 years ago knowing that it was a quiet street, knowing that it was going to be a great street to raise a family. It had the potential to be the street I grew up on ‐ kids playing everywhere, parents at ease not worrying about busy traffic driving about. There was only one problem when we moved in, there were no children. In 5 short years, there are now 26 (maybe more since we got new neighbours up the street and I’m not sure on their child situation) kids under the age of 13. It’s like gem that was discovered by families, and now Stirling Avenue is the type of street that everyone desires. On a warm, sunny day, its the scene out of a movie; kids are playing hockey in the street, or running between houses to play on the swing set here, jump on the trampoline there, run through the sprinkler over there, and neighbours are mingling, enjoying the chaos. When new neighbours move in, often what we hear is something along the lines of, “we wanted to move somewhere that there were lots of kids for *insert name here* to play with, and this is such a quiet, beautiful street.”

What we have going on here is very sought after and hard to find in today’s world. Up until a month ago, when the new plans were released on the town’s website, everyone on this street was living (and paying a premium for homes) under the impression that Stirling Avenue was going to be a quiet street. Yes, the old plans had the streets connecting up, but Stirling would not be the main throughway for traffic. What this new roadway will mean for us, is very much life‐changing. Skyway is a major bypass for Wolfville, and with the Main Street backlogged with traffic, more and more cars are taking backroads to skip around. With Stirling Avenue being at the terminal end of this bypass, this means no more hockey games in the street, this means parents afraid to let their children play in their yard without being watched like hawks. Property values will no doubt decrease, because our street will no longer have that same charm and appeal.

I am aware that change has to happen, and developments have to go forward, however I feel like there is a better way to accomplish this. Why are the old plans, that were agreed upon long ago, being changed? How can people be sold homes on a cul‐de‐sac, only to be told a few years later, oh never mind, this is now going to be a busy street?

Thank you for your time, I do hope you take all of your residents’ opinions into great consideration.

Sincerely,

Karissa Fraser

From: Lynda Rice Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 12:24 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: RE: West End Lands Update

Good day Chrystal. Thank you for the heads up on the upcoming meeting. I see that the public will not have an chance for input at this meeting. Will there be an opportunity for residents of Stirling Ave to express any concerns at a meeting in the future? Many residents of Stirling Avenue are upset that Viking Ventures has requested that Stirling Avenue continue to Skyway rather than end in a cul-de-sac as originally planned and promised to residents. Viking Ventures was still telling the owners who moved in above us, as little as a month ago, that it was still going to be a cul-de sac. Regards, Lynda Rice

Lynda Rice 64 Stirling Avenue Wolfville, NS, B4P 2S1 Phone: (902) 697-2311 Cell: (902) 680-5196 Email: [email protected] From: Lloyd Robbins Sent: Tuesday, June 20, 2017 4:39 PM To: Carl Oldham; Jeff Cantwell Cc: Bernie Conway; Chrystal Fuller; issam kadray Subject: West end lands

Dear Deputy Mayor Oldham Chair of the Town of Wolfville PAC and Mayor Cantwell

I represent 2231266 Nova Scotia Limited which owns PID 55268494 part of the Westend lands.

I am sure you are aware that my client has been working with the planning staff for a period in excess of ten years. It has been a painful process with delays and obstacles placed by various staff. This spring we had been hopeful that we were finally turning the corner. Unfortunately when the draft of the Development agreement was provided to us it was clear that there were substantial issues which needed to be dealt with . Unfortunately when we tried to discuss these issues, staff put my client in a position, where his option was to agree with the towns drafting or the agreement would be delayed or not happen.

This was an untenable position given the 10 years of prior negotiation. My client needs to have an Agreement that meets Town planning goals but is also economical and marketable. He is taking the financial risk. While I am sure some of the positions taken by the staff had merit from the Towns perspective other changes were just related to wording only. We did not necessarily disagree with the intent but wanted the wording to be clear so that there was no misunderstanding in the future that could further delay or introduce new costs or discretionary decisions that were not expected. That seems a reasonable position. We asked for extended working meetings with staff to work out the wording but were denied. The attitude was adversarial and not open to discussion. Take it or leave it . In the end we were not able to agree on the draft Development Agreement.

Ms Fuller came up with a proposal to do a Plan amendment to establish the road system which she viewed as necessary to allow Viking to move ahead alone. We agreed to this proposal . Shortly after this my client left for Lebanon where he is today. Recently in communications with Sue MacArthur he became aware that the Plan amendment would possibly deal with storm water issues in addition to the transportation system. This was of great concern to my client as it was one of the main issues that we were trying to clarify. He e mailed Ms Fuller on June 14th as follows:

Dear Crystal, In a conversation with Sue ,she mentioned that you were removing the retention ponds from the mapping. These retention ponds are critical to the storm water management of our property. Our engineering plans and our site require the utilization of the retention ponds we have included in all our drawings.

If it is your intention to remove them , then it is a major change which we cannot accept.

Please clarify your intention.

Yours Truly,

Ms Fuller responded as follows:

Sam,

The retention ponds are not on the MPS plan but can form part of detailed servicing plan. We are not dictating where they go as part of the Viking DA.

Chrystal

Now that he has received the e mail of the 19th, two days before the meeting, he feels that he was misled by Ms Fuller in the earlier e mail. The e mail on 19th indicates that the storm water management is part of the MPS amendment and there is an express policy that the use of Retention ponds shall be discouraged. This is absolutely new and is a major change. Retention ponds are a necessary part of the development of my clients and Vikings property and were always part of the design. We do not know what the word “discouraged “ means it could be innocent or it could give the Town engineer a discretion that could severely affect our development. Given that the town Engineer lives near the existing retention pond this concern is real. This is an example of the wording issues that concern I and my client. A contract should be precise not subject to interpretation alternatives.

Our concern was heightened when we looked at the draft DA. For Viking. It was always the understanding that there would have to be an overall servicing plan for both developers lands with individual Service Agreements for each parcel. That is not in the Development Agreement. It provides for a “Master Service Agreement” for each phase. Again this may be a drafting issue but the plain reading of the reference to phases are Viking Phases only.

The guiding principles for the Servicing Agreement have always been a key concern. These principles need to be in the Development Agreement. The property cannot be developed or affordable housing provided without use of the existing retention pond and the addition of a pond on my clients property. On the issue of affordable housing the water retention policies according to my client could add up to $5000.00 to each unit and in the end provide a major management issue for the town. If the storm water calculation is calculated based on the use of the concepts what happens down the road when homeowners do not maintain them? Who is responsible for any flooding that may occur.

My client would ask that the MPS amendment and Viking contract not move ahead until the issue of Storm water have been dealt with. My client does have an agreement to convey land to Viking for the road but that was based on a MPS amendment with respect to roads only. The agreement was entered into on the basis that the MPS dealt with roads only and that the servicing master plan would be for the whole area. Now that that appears not to be the case my client needs to consider his options, one of them being not to convey any land until this issue is dealt with.

In the end my client wants a successful development for the Town himself and Viking . He will be back in Nova Scotia in about a week, hopefully with some encouragement and direction from PAC and council, staff will be more cooperative and less adversarial and we will be able to resolve all issues to everyone’s satisfaction.

Sincerely yours

Lloyd Robbins 902 443 1445

From: Sandy Dewar Sent: Tuesday, June 20, 2017 4:15 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Cc: Dave Bell, Robert Rowe Subject: RE: Proposed MPS Amendments

Chrystal,

I have been asked to comment on the proposed MPS regarding new development. I applaud your Low Impact Development Storm Water Management techniques, these are all excellent ways to reduce the impact of storm events. By dealing with the storm water “where it lands” , Town infrastructure ( pipe, catch basins, storm drains, swales/ditches and detention pond) sizing can be reduced. This is a win‐win situation where the taxpayer/homeowners and the environment both win.

The Low Impact Techniques are dependent on, but not limited to the following;  Permeability of the soil  Homeowner/taxpayer participation  Willingness of the homeowner/taxpayer to invest $5,000 to $10,000 capital costs  Maintenance and repair by the homeowner/taxpayer on a regular basis

Low Impact measures are more effective during minor storm events (less than 5 years storms) and minimally effective during a major storm event (25 year storm event) and not effective at all during a 100 year storm event. These low impact measures cannot and should not replace detention ponds in a Storm water Management Strategy.

In order to meet Nova Scotia Environment Guidelines on Sedimentation and Erosion Control and also DOE’s policy of “Net Zero” effect Storm Water Management Policy,. Detention Ponds are necessary to delay the rainfall intensity peaks experienced during storm events.

Perhaps the wording of 8.4.6.3 could be “The use of storm water detention ponds must consider the effects of Low Impact Development techniques and reduce the size accordingly.”

Once again Chrystal, Low Impact solutions are a win‐win situation.

Regards

Sandy

From: Chrystal Fuller Sent: Thursday, July 06, 2017 12:03 PM To: '[email protected]' Cc: Doug Parrish Subject: RE: West End Lands meeting

Hello,

Here is the staff report that was presented to the Planning Advisory Committee at a recent meeting. It has maps and all the background information for your review. https://www.wolfville.ca/component/com_docman/Itemid,264/alias,1703‐pac‐report‐west‐ end‐lands/category_slug,da‐13‐08‐west‐end‐lands/view,download/

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions. You also have the option of submitting something in writing if you are unable to attend the meeting.

Chrystal

Chrystal Fuller LPP, MCIP Director of Community Development p 902‐ 542‐8842 | f 902‐ 542‐5066 | e [email protected] 200 Dykeland Street, Wolfville, NS B4P 1A1

wolfville.ca

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2017 6:47 PM To: Chrystal Fuller Subject: West End Lands meeting

Hello‐

Will there be any information (maps, etc) available ahead of the meeting on July 26th? The plan seems to change each time it's presented to the public, and it's hard to comment if one isn't aware of the proposal ahead of time.

Susan Wehrell

SUBJECT TO FINAL LEGAL REVIEW – MINOR CHANGES MAY BE WARRANTED PRIOR TO THE PUBLIC HEARING

This Development Agreement is made this ____ day of ______, 2018.

BETWEEN: 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED (Hereinafter called “the Developer”)

OF THE FIRST PART

- and -

TOWN OF WOLFVILLE, A municipal body corporate, (Hereinafter called the “Town”)

OF THE SECOND PART

WHEREAS the Developer has requested that the Town enter into a Development Agreement relating to the use and development of the Lands pursuant to the provisions of the Municipal Government Act and the Municipal Planning Strategy for the Town of Wolfville;

AND WHEREAS a condition of granting approval for the Development of the Lands is that the parties enter into this Development Agreement;

AND WHEREAS the Town Council of the Town, at its meeting on Month Day, Year approved entering into this Development Agreement to permit the use of the Lands in accordance with the terms of the Development Agreement, subject to the registered owner of the Lands entering into this Development Agreement;

NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES THAT in consideration of the covenants made in this Development Agreement and other valuable consideration, the Developer and the Town agree to the following terms.

1. Schedules

The following schedules form part of this Development Agreement:

Schedule “A” Property Description (to be updated once Land Swap executed) Schedule “B” West End: Conceptual Master Plan Schedule “C” West End: Phasing Plan Schedule “D” West End: Land Swap Schedule “E” West End: Overall Stormwater and Servicing Schematics

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

2. Definitions

2.1. In this Development Agreement:

“Accessory Dwelling Unit” means a self-contained dwelling unit with a maximum of 2 bedrooms that is wholly contained within a single unit dwelling (usually in a basement or a attached garage). The Accessory Dwelling Unit shall be subordinate in size to the main dwelling unit.

“Amenity Space” means an area within the boundaries of a multi-unit residential development site that is specifically designed to be used by residents for recreational, leisure, or open space purposes, and may include decks, balconies, green roofs, gardens, gyms, swimming pools, sports fields & courts, parks, landscaped open spaces, and other indoor and outdoor recreational uses.

“Apartment House” means a building which contains a maximum of four dwelling units and contains no more than six bedrooms in a three unit building or eight bedrooms in a four unit building.

“Bed & Breakfast” means a dwelling in which there is a resident owner or manager who Provides overnight accommodation for the travelling public and is licensed by the Province of Nova Scotia, for this purpose.

“Building By-Law” means Chapter 65 of the By-Laws of the Town of Wolfville.

“Building Code Act” means an Act to adopt and implement a building code for the Province of Nova Scotia RSNS 1989 Chapter 46, as amended.

“Conservation Easement” means a legal agreement between a landowner and the Town of Wolfville that permanently limits uses of the land subject to the easement in order to protect its conservation and ecological values. (subject to final legal review)

“Daycare Facility” means a place where four or more persons are cared for on a temporary daily basis without overnight accommodation but does not include a school.

“Detached Accessory Dwelling Unit” means a self-contained dwelling unit with a maximum of 2 bedrooms that is wholly contained within a building accessory to a single unit dwelling (usually in a detached garage or granny flat). Note: This use is only enabled by the property owner entering into a Development Agreement with Council to appropriately regulate the size, orientation, servicing, access and neighbourhood impacts.

“Developer” means the owner(s) of the lands, their heirs, successors, assigns, and all subsequent owners of the lands.

“Development” means the construction of municipal roads and services and a variety of residential housing types and other uses on the Lands as permitted by the terms of this agreement and shown on Schedule “B”.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

“Development Officer” means the Development Officer appointed by the Town of Wolfville under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act.

“Development Site” means a lot on which a construction of a dwelling or building will occur.

“Engineer” means the Engineer appointed by the Town of Wolfville under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act.

“Effective Date” means the date on which this Development Agreement is deemed to be entered into under the terms of this Development Agreement. For clarity, this is when the Agreement is signed by the Developer and the Town.

“Existing” means adjacent residential development to the Lands as of October 30, 2016.

“Group Dwellings” means more than two buildings on a lot which may be comprised of single unit, semi-detached, duplex or townhouses, built on a smaller land base than that typical of conventional building lots.

“Home Occupations” means the accessory use of a dwelling for gainful employment involving the production, sale, or provision of goods and services on a small scale.

“Lands” means the real property in the Town of Wolfville owned or to be owned by the Developer written in the deed description in Schedules “A” and as shown on the mapping in Schedule “B”-“D”. If there is a discrepancy between the Schedule mapping and the Schedule “A” written description, the mapped version shall take precedence.

“Land Use By-Law” means the Land Use By-Law of the Town of Wolfville in force from time to time, adopted and amended by the Wolfville Town Council under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act. At the date of this Development Agreement, it is the Land Use By- Law adopted by Council on September 23, 2008 and recorded at the Land Registry Office on November 6, 2008, as Document Number 92078600.

“Local Commercial Use” means a convenience store, coffee shop, laundromat, or other small scale commercial use aimed at a local neighbourhood clientele.

“Municipal Services” means both the Primary Services and Secondary Services that will be accepted by the Town.

“Municipal Planning Strategy (MPS)” means the Municipal Planning Strategy of the Town of Wolfville in force from time to time, adopted and amended by the Wolfville Town Council under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act. At the date of this Development Agreement, it is the Municipal Planning Strategy adopted by Council on September 23, 2008 and recorded at the Kentville Registry of Deeds Office on November 6, 2008, as Document Number 92078543.

“MGA” means the Municipal Government Act, S.N.S. 1998, c. 18, as amended.

“Net Acres” means the total area minus roads, parks, trails and lands on which other pieces of municipal infrastructure are located.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

“Nursing Home” means a building wherein nursing care, room and board are provided to individuals incapacitated in some manner for medical reasons, but does not include a hospital.

“Office (Business, Professional)” means a room or rooms where business may be transacted a service performed or consultation given, including but not limited to physicians, lawyers, architects, engineers, accountants, real estate agents, insurance agents, massage therapists, photographers, and similar uses, and may include retail sales or dispensing of goods associated with and incidental to the main use.

“Occupancy Permit” means a permit issued by the Building Official of the Town of Wolfville that allows the full occupancy or partial occupancy of a building for its intended use.

“Parking Area” means land used for parking for multi-unit residential development, excluding Townhouse development where individual units have separate driveways/parking areas on defined lots.

“Permeable Surface” any surface that contains materials that permits full or partial absorption of stormwater into previously unimproved land and does not meet the definition of Hard Surface in Land Use bylaw.

“Phase” means a development undertaken in a logical time and geographical sequence.

“Planning Documents” means the Land Use Bylaw, Municipal Planning Strategy, and Subdivision Bylaw of the Town of Wolfville.

“Primary Services” means those services which must be installed and accepted by the Town prior to accepting a public street and include: sanitary sewer, storm sewer, electrical and communication distribution system, street lighting system, sidewalks, traffic calming measures, storm surface drainage, street signs (street name blades), water system complete with valves, hydrants, laterals and all appurtenances, street construction including all gravel layers and base lift of asphalt including concrete curb and gutter, guiderails, traffic signs, and stabilization of all exposed areas.

“Private School” means a school conducted for gain, and includes, but is not limited to, a secretarial school, language school, or driving school, but does not include a public school.

“Public Street” means a street that has been built according to municipal standards and deeded to the Town.

“Residential Care Facility” means a single unit dwelling in which accommodation, together with nursing and personal care is provided or is available, for no more than four persons who live as a single housekeeping unit. There shall be a resident manager at such a facility. These facilities in a general institutional zone may provide care for five or more persons.

“Secondary Services” means all services other than Primary Services and includes: top lift asphalt, driveway entrances, walkways with approved surface, sodding, seeding, walkway lights, street trees, and landscaping.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

“Subdivision Bylaw” means the Subdivision Bylaw and the Subdivision Regulations of the Town of Wolfville.

“Sub phase” means the development of one or more lots in a phase but less than all the lots in a phase.

“Townhouse” means a one unit dwelling in a row of at least three such units in which each unit has its own front and rear access to the outside, no unit is located over another unit, and each unit is separated from any other unit by one or more vertical common fire-walls.

2.2. Where terms (words or phrases) are not defined in this Development Agreement, definitions in the Town’s Planning Documents shall apply. Where terms are not defined in the Planning Documents, definitions in the MGA shall apply. Where terms are not defined in the aforementioned sources, their ordinary meaning shall apply.

3. Relevance of Planning Documents and Other Regulations

3.2. This Development Agreement contains definitions and regulations for the Development. It complements the Town’s Planning Documents. Unless specified in this Development Agreement, requirements in the Town’s Planning Documents shall apply. Where there is a conflict between this Development Agreement and the Planning Documents, this Development Agreement shall prevail.

3.3. Regulations outside of this Development Agreement or the Town’s Planning Documents may be applicable to the Development. However, the terms of this Development Agreement shall not be substantially changed, unless otherwise defined in this agreement, in order to comply with such regulations without an amendment to this Development Agreement as per the requirements of the MGA.

3.4. The Developer and Council recognize that at the time of executing this Agreement the Town is undergoing a review of its Planning Documents and, after this agreement is executed and the Town’s new planning documents approved, it may be practical to discharge this Development Agreement and have the road network, open space and other elements adopted in policy and appropriate zoning applied to undeveloped portions of the Lands, provided that in doing so, the Developer does not lose any approvals or rights granted in this Agreement.

4. Background

The Developer wishes to develop the Lands for a variety of residential housing types and other neighbourhood appropriate uses (e.g. local commercial). The Lands are designated CDD – Comprehensive Development District and zoned RCDD – Residential Comprehensive Development District where a Development Agreement is required to enable the proposed use of the Lands.

5. Land Transfer and Consolidation

5.1. This agreement can only be fully effective upon the completion, to the satisfaction of the Development Officer, of the land transfer and consolidation of lands as shown on Schedule “D” of this Agreement. The Developer undertakes to complete this land transfer and consolidation

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

expeditiously no later than six (6) months after the effective date as per paragraph 9.1. This Agreement becomes null and void if the land transfer and consolidation is not executed.

5.2. The Town, as part of land transfer process as shown on Schedule “D”, shall be transferred fee simple ownership of two (2) Road Reserves, as shown on Schedules “B”-“D” – to ensure overall connectivity as the comprehensive development of the area proceeds.

6. Development Terms and Conditions

6.1. Permits and Approvals

6.1.1. This Development Agreement allows the Developer to obtain development permits, other permits, subdivision approvals, and permissions to allow uses on the Lands permitted by this Development Agreement.

6.1.2. The Developer shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and approvals required by law for the Development, including but not limited to development permits, building permits, and any approvals required from the Province of Nova Scotia.

6.1.3. Obligations or other requirements in this Development Agreement are those of the Developer, unless otherwise specified.

6.1.4. Occupancy permits shall be granted for this Development in accordance with the normal requirements of the Town of Wolfville Building By-Law unless otherwise regulated by the terms of this Development Agreement.

6.2. Land Use

6.2.1. The following residential land uses are permitted in each Phase on the Developer’s Lands:

PHASE HOUSING TYPES PERMITTED 1 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by separate development agreement • Semi-Detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement 2 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by separate development agreement • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Semi-detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.2.2. The following other land uses are permitted, subject to other provisions outlined here and in the Planning Documents:

LAND USE REGULATION Residential Care Facilities Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Home Occupations Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law

Bed & Breakfasts Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Utility Equipment Building or Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Installation Churches, community centres, Considered by Development Agreement in any private schools or other Phase community uses

6.2.3. Group Dwellings shall be permitted in accordance with the following conditions:

6.2.3.1. No Group Dwelling development shall be permitted adjacent to Existing Housing.

6.2.3.2. Densities of Group Dwelling developments shall not exceed 12 dwelling units/acre (net).

6.2.3.3. Group dwelling proposals shall include a landscape plan, prepared by a qualified person, to ensure that high quality landscape design, buffering, and parking area treatment is provided, subject to 6.3.4 and 6.3.4.1 of this Agreement.

6.2.4. Detached Accessory Dwelling Units are enabled on properties containing a single unit dwelling through the property owner entering into a separate development agreement with the Town to ensure size, orientation, service, access, buffering and other matters are dealt with appropriately.

6.2.5. Apartment Houses shall be limited to a maximum of 4 dwelling units and:

6.2.5.1. Shall appear as a Single Unit Dwelling from the Street.

6.2.5.2. Shall not be permitted to construct external staircases.

6.2.5.3. Shall be limited to six bedrooms in a three unit dwelling and eight bedrooms in a four unit dwelling.

6.2.5.4. Proposals shall include a landscape plan, prepared by a qualified person, to ensure that high quality landscape design, buffering and parking area treatment is provided, subject to 6.3.4 and 6.3.4.1 of this Agreement.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.2.6 Notwithstanding the requirements of the Planning Documents, the following yard and massing requirements shall apply:

Dwelling Frontage Lot Area Front Flanka Side Rear Height Lot Type (Min.) (Min.) Yard ge Yard yard (Max.) Coverage (Min.) (Min.) (Min.) (Min. (Max.) ) Single Unit 11m 300m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% (36’) (3,229ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (13’) (36’)

Semi- 9m 280m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% Detached (29.5’) (3,014ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’)

Duplex 12m 366m2 4.5m 4m 2m 4m 11m 40% (40’) (4,000ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’) Town House 4.5m 137m2 4.5m 4m 2m 4m 11m 40% (15’) (1,474ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’) Apartment 18m 560m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% House (up (60’) (6027ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (13’) (36’) to 4 units)

6.2.7 Permitted encroachments in yards shall be as per the Land Use By-law with the exception of sills, belt courses, cornices, eaves, gutters, chimneys, pilasters, canopies or similar building elements which shall be permitted to encroach up to 70cm.

6.2.8 Hard surface coverage on properties shall not exceed 50% of total lot area. Decks shall not contribute to lot coverage.

6.3 Landscaping, Amenity Space & Tree Preservation

6.3.1. All non-hard surface area on a lot shall be Landscaped as defined in the Land Use By-law.

6.3.2. Hard surfacing of parking areas is required. Hard surfacing may include permeable hard surface treatments.

6.3.3. For single unit and duplex dwellings, a minimum of two trees shall be planted in the front or flankage yard of the property. For semi-detached dwellings, single detached dwellings with less than 40’ of lot frontage, and townhome and/or row housing (up to 4 units) a minimum of one tree shall be planted in the front yard of each dwelling. Trees shall be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 feet) in height and have a minimum trunk diameter of 39 millimetres (~1.5 inch) measured 0.61 metres (~2 feet) above grade.

6.3.4. Townhouse development (3-4 units+), apartment houses, group dwellings, and multi- unit residential or mixed use development shall be required to submit a landscape plan prepared by a qualified person, which includes:

6.3.4.1. Tree and shrub planting with a minimum of one tree of at least 1.5m (5’) in height for every 40m2 (430ft2) of non-hard surface area. Trees shall be a variety of species which may include: maple, oak, linden, ash, and beech or other

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climate appropriate species. Two (2) shrubs of a minimum height of 0.6m (2’) may be substituted for a tree planting to meet this requirement.

6.3.5 Required trees shall be planted prior to an occupancy permit being issued for the dwelling unit(s) and trees shall be a variety of species which may include: maple, oak, linden, ash, and beech or other climate appropriate species. The Developer shall ensure coordination with the Nova Scotia Power or other parties regarding easements and meeting the planting requirement.

The Developer may provide the Town with a deposit in the amount of $300 in lieu of planting a tree. This deposit will be returned, without interest, to the Developer on completion of the required planting. If the Developer fails to do the required planting within one year of the issuance of an occupancy permit for the dwelling, the Town may carry out the work as provided for in paragraph 15 of this agreement and use the deposited amount to recover the costs of performing the work.

6.3.6 Existing trees and vegetation are encouraged to be retained during the early development stage. All trees that are retained in the front and flankage yard shall replace, or count towards, the requirements of paragraph 6.3.3 and 6.3.4.

6.4. Urban Design

6.4.1 So that the prominent feature of a single detached, duplex, semi-detached or townhouse dwelling on narrow lots (less than 65' frontage) is not a garage, where a garage is part of, or attached to a main dwelling, the garage shall meet one of the following:

6.4.1.1 be flush or recessed from the front wall of the dwelling (4’ recommended), or

6.4.1.2 include a roofed veranda structure which is part of the building facade extending past the front of the garage by no less than 2' for no less than 10' of frontage width. Also, if the garage extends past the main building facade, the garage shall include a window (no less than 4 sq.ft.) on the side of the garage within 6' of the front of the garage, or

6.4.1.3 extended garage units (garages that protrude from the front façade more than 4 feet) shall not be sited adjacent to another unit with an extended garage. The 'flush' or 'recessed' garage unit should be sited 2' closer to the street than the adjacent 'extended' garage unit. Extended garage units should not extend more than 10' from the front facade and shall include a window (no less than 4 sq.ft.) on the side-yard of the garage within 6' of the front of the garage. A minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the dwellings with extended garages on any street shall be two stories.

6.4.2 No garage shall occupy a more than 50% of the front street elevation of any building.

6.4.3 To provide for a varied street scene and contribute to a more walkable neighbourhood, the reuse of identical or similar buildings in close proximity to one another shall not be permitted. Identical buildings may not be repeated more frequently than every fourth

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(4th) building along the same side of a street or adjacent to one another within a cul-de- sac.

6.4.4 Buildings are not identical if they are varied in at least 2 of the following: roof style; building mass and form; elevation plane; variation in exterior surfaces, colours, materials; fenestration; and main entry and garage placement, subject to the approval of the Development Officer.

6.4.5 To avoid facades of large blank walls on corner sites (having frontage on two streets), the façades of a principal building abutting the front lot line and the flanking side lot line shall use consistent building materials and architectural features on both frontages, and shall include features such as windows, doors, or porches.

6.5 Density

6.5.1 The density for this Development shall be a minimum of five (5) and a maximum of twelve (12) dwelling units per net acre.

6.5.2 The Developer shall submit a density calculation report at time of tentative subdivision approval for each phase (as outlined in Schedule “C”). The calculation shall provide anticipated density numbers for the phase and compliance with the overall development’s density limitations as outlined in paragraph 6.5.1 of this Agreement.

6.5.3 For the purposes of regulating the number of dwelling units pursuant to 6.5.1, a building initially built as a single unit dwelling that may add an accessory dwelling unit in the future shall count as one unit until such time as a second dwelling unit receives an occupancy permit.

6.5.4 The tentative plan shall also show the number of proposed units for townhouse lots or multi-unit lots.

6.5.5 If during the development of any phase, changes to the density provided at tentative approval are made, the Developer will have to ensure that the overall density requirements for the phase/development are still being met prior to final subdivision being approved.

6.6 Stormwater Management

6.6.1 The Storm Water Management Plan prepared by Able Engineering and approved by the Town Engineer prior to this Development Agreement being fully executed shall be adopted and form part of the Servicing Agreement unless material conditions or assumptions have changed which require a modification to the Able Engineering Plan. Any change will be done in a manner consistent with the overall engineering principles that governed the original design and shall be approved by the Town Engineer.

6.6.2 The storm water management plan shall ensure that measures are taken to ensure post development runoff from the Development on the Lands achieves a net zero affect on adjacent properties.

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6.6.3 Individual lots within each phase shall submit a lot grading plan that conforms to the overall storm water drainage plan and erosion and sedimentation control plan before a Development Permit is issued by the Development Officer.

6.7 Subdivision and Phasing

6.7.1 The Developer shall be permitted to complete the Development in phases, as outlined in Schedule “C” – West End Phasing Plan.

6.7.2 As part of the tentative subdivision application for all phases (as defined in Schedule “C”) the Developer shall:

6.7.2.1 Enter into a Servicing Agreement with the Town to set out the detailed standards, terms and conditions for the installation of all Municipal Services and storm water management infrastructure included in each phase of the Development. No construction of any Municipal Services shall commence until the Servicing Agreement has been executed by the Town in a timely manner.

6.7.2.2 Provide an erosion and sedimentation control plan.

6.7.3 The Development shall comply with the Subdivision By-law, unless varied by the terms of this Agreement.

6.7.4 Tentative Approval shall not be granted where the submitted plan shows a single loaded street.

6.7.5 The Developer shall provide a cash payment (Open Space Fees) of $30,000, paid over 3 years, with the first payment a condition of the approval for the first lot taken from tentative to final subdivision approval within Phase 1 (as shown on Schedule “C”). This amount along with the lands provided to the Town as outlined in paragraph 7 of the agreement shall be deemed to include all requirements of the subdivision bylaw including any future amendment. The Developer shall not be required to provide more land or funds as the lands are subdivided over time.

6.7.6 Final Subdivision approval of any lots in Phase 1 or 2 shall not be granted until a second entrance on a Public Street into the phase is provided to the Lands.

6.7.7 For Phase 3, tentative subdivision approval is required for the entire phase, including the road network. A piecemeal approach to planning the road layout shall not be permitted.

6.7.8 The placement of the east-west Pedestrian Walkways, may be altered as part of subdivision approval but shall be sited within 20m of the locations shown on Schedule “B”.

7 Parkland Dedication

7.1 The Parkland dedication requirements for the Lands shall be deemed to include all requirements of the subdivision bylaw as indicated in paragraph 6.7.5 and as outlined below:

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7.2 The Developer shall provide title for, and improvements to (as defined in paragraph 7.3.1) the Developer’s portion of the Linear Park land, as identified on Schedule “B”. The Linear Park lands shall be provided to the Town within 3 months of the Linear Park’s Phase 1 access and the Phase 1 Skyway Drive extension (as shown on Schedule “C”) being accepted by the Town;

7.2.1 Improvements before acceptance by the Town of the Linear Park, as identified on Schedule “B” shall include:

7.2.1.1 Completion of the Phase 1 Skyway Drive access and cul-de-sac to the satisfaction of the Development Officer.

7.2.2 The Town shall register Conservation Easements against the title to lots that are created abutting the Linear Park’s “Conservation Area” as shown on Schedule “C”. The Conservation Easement shall ensure: (subject to final legal review)

• Restrictions on the ability to erect any buildings or structures.

• Restrictions on the ability to remove trees or vegetation.

• Restrictions on excavating or altering land levels.

• Restrictions on the application of any toxic herbicide or pesticide.

7.2.3 The minimum width of the Linear Park adjacent to Highway 101 shall between 11-13 meters, to ensure appropriate buffering, as shown on Schedule “B”.

7.2.4 The minimum width of the Linear Park sections along the far eastern and western boundaries of the Lands shall be between 6-7 m, as shown on Schedule “B”.

7.3 The requirements of paragraph 7.2 shall be conveyed to the Town free of all liens or encumbrances except for any that may be acceptable to the Town.

7.4 The parkland areas, as shown on Schedule “B”, may increase or decrease in size by up to 2% as a result of survey anomalies, minor road alignment issues, or other similar factors.

8 Mobility and Traffic Calming

8.1 Sidewalks and mid-block pedestrian walkways shall be completed on the Lands as per Schedule “B”.

8.2 Pedestrian walkways shall be detailed in the Servicing Agreement and shall include:

• Raised crosswalks • Extended Curb Bump outs • Landscape Plan to ensure proper pathway entry and that buffering / separations between adjacent properties are achieved.

8.3 Crosswalks that do not connect the mid block pedestrian connections (as shown on Schedule “B”) are not required to be raised.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

8.4 The Developer shall complete the pedestrian walkway on the eastern boundary of the Lands so that it connects through the Town’s property onto Kent Avenue.

8.5 On-Street Parking shall be permitted on all streets on the Lands and shall be recognized as a traffic calming measure.

8.6 Future Bus Routing and Active Transportation (e.g. bike lanes) may be accommodated on the Lands as the full build-out proceeds over time.

9 Timing

9.1 This Development Agreement shall be deemed to be entered into on the day following the day on which the time for appeal of Town Council’s approval to enter it has elapsed, or the day on which any appeals have been disposed of and the policy of the Wolfville Town Council approving this Development Agreement has been affirmed by the Nova Scotia Utilities and Review Board, under the provisions of the MGA, or other judiciary body as applicable. All other time requirements imposed in this Development Agreement shall be calculated from that date, the Effective Date.

9.2 Tentative subdivision approvals for all phases of the development (as shown on Schedule “C”) shall be obtained within 10 years of the effective date. The developer may develop phase 2 in a sub-phase manner so long as temporary cul-de-sacs’ are provided and erosion and sedimentation measures are approved and put in place and the provisions of the Storm water Management plan have been accounted for.

9.3 Tentative Subdivision approval for Primary Services from the existing Hillcrest Avenue to the Crossroad (as shown on Schedule “C”) will expire two (2) years after approval (Effective Date) is granted. The Tentative approval for the remainder of Hillcrest Avenue primary services will expire 10 years after approval is granted. (subject to final legal review)

10 Amendment (subject to final legal review)

10.1 With the exception of matters which the Town and the Developer do not consider to be substantive, outlined in paragraphs 9.2 and 9.3, the amendment of any other matter in this Development Agreement can only be made under the provisions of Section 230 of the Municipal Government Act, including the holding of a Public Hearing.

10.2 The following are non-substantive amendments to this Development Agreement, approved through a motion of Council as per section 230(7) of the MGA:

• Agreement timing • Timing of parkland dedication

10.3 The following are amendments to this Development Agreement that the Development Officer may action without Council approval:

• Changes clearly outlined in this agreement (e.g. paragraph 6.7.8) • Landscaping requirements

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• Minor changes to Schedules as a result of Provincial or other regulations that maintain the spirit of this agreement. • Minor changes to the schedules (e.g. crosswalk locations, stop signs) that are conceptual at this stage and will be detailed in the servicing agreement.

11 Expenses

The Developer shall pay all costs and expenses primarily related to public advertising and not including legal fees, incurred by the Town related to this Development Agreement.

12 Liability

The Developer shall be liable for any damage to persons or public or private property caused by the Developer contractors or subcontractor work related to the provision of primary or secondary services. The Developer shall indemnify the Town and save it harmless from any claim, cause of action, or liability in any way relating to the construction of primary and secondary services. The Developer shall obtain and maintain in force throughout the course of construction on the Development, liability insurance coverage to insure the responsibilities which the Developer is assuming.

13 Subsequent Owners (subject to final legal review)

13.1 This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties hereto, their heirs, successors, assigns, mortgagees, lessees and all subsequent owners, and shall run with the Lands which are the subject of this Agreement until this Agreement is discharged by Council.

13.2 Upon the transfer of title to any lot(s), the subsequent owner(s) thereof shall observe and perform the terms and conditions of this Agreement to the extent applicable to the lot(s) and the Developer shall have no responsibilities or liabilities under this contract for the conveyed lot.

14 Completion of Development

Upon the completion of the whole Development, complete phases or sub phases of the Development, Council may review this Agreement, in whole or in part, and may:

14.1 Retain the Agreement in its present form; 14.2 Negotiate a new Agreement; 14.3 Discharge the Agreement, wholly or partially, and apply appropriate zoning pursuant to the Municipal Planning Strategy and Land use Bylaw for the Town of Wolfville .

15 Default

15.1 If the Developer fails to comply with any term of this Development Agreement or any legislation applicable to this Development Agreement, the Town may give to them a notice identifying the failure or failures to comply and stating a reasonable time for remedy given the nature of the failure, in any event not less than 30 days, within which the Developer must comply. If the Developer does not comply with the identified failure or failures within the stated time, the Town may take any action authorized by the Municipal Government Act and at its sole discretion may:

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15.1.1 Terminate this Agreement if the failure to comply is deemed to be substantial non- compliance with the terms of this Agreement;

15.1.2 Enter the Lands and take any action required to correct the identified failure to comply;

15.1.3 Enter the Lands and remove and/or demolish, part or all of any building or structures on the Lands, or take any other action required to bring the Lands to a safe and sightly condition in compliance with the Dangerous and Unsightly provisions of the Municipal Government Act; or,

15.1.4 Take no action.

15.2 Any election by the Town to take no action on a breach of this Development Agreement by the Developer shall not bar the Town from exercising its rights under this Development Agreement on any other breach or later take action on the same breach.

15.3 Any costs and expenses incurred by the Town in exercising its rights under paragraphs 14.1, shall include, but are not limited to, costs and expenses incurred in returning the Lands to their original condition before work began on the Development and all solicitors’ fees and disbursements incurred in terminating or discharging this Development Agreement. The costs and expenses shall be paid by the Developer to the Town as a debt and may be recovered by direct suit. Such expenses form a first lien on the Lands as provided by Section 507 of the Municipal Government Act. The Developer shall pay interest on the costs and expenses, outstanding from time to time, at the same monthly rate charged by the Town for municipal real property tax arrears. Such interest costs shall be treated as an expense.

16 Administration

The Development Officer administers this Development Agreement. His / Her decision is final and binding on all parties unless the issue is a non-substantive amendment and the approval of Council is required. Any substantive amendments to the Agreement may only be made in accordance with the requirements of the MGA.

17 Warranties by the Developer

17.1 Title and Authority

17.1.1 The title to the Lands shall be registered under the Land Registration Act showing the Developer as the sole registered interest holder, holding good title in fee simple to the lands subject only to any normal financing encumbrance. No other entity shall have any interest in the lands which would require their signature on this Development Agreement to validly bind the Lands.

17.1.2 The Developer have taken all steps necessary to, and they have full authority to, enter this Development Agreement.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

18 Full Agreement

18.1 This Development Agreement and any subsidiary agreement referenced herein constitute the totality of the Agreements entered into between the Town and the Developer. No other agreement or representation, whether oral or written, shall be binding.

18.2 This Development Agreement shall not be precedent for any other agreement either between the Town and the Developer or between the Town and any other party.

19 Notice

Any notice to be given under this Development Agreement shall be made in writing and either served personally or forwarded by courier or by registered mail, postage prepaid, if to the Town to:

Town of Wolfville 359 Main Street Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 1A1 Attention: Development Officer

and if to the Developer:

2231266 Nova Scotia Limited 8 Borrett Avenue Halifax, NS B3M 3G4

20 Headings

The headings used in this Development Agreement are for convenience only. If any of the headings are inconsistent with the provisions of the Development Agreement which it introduces, the provisions of the Development Agreement shall apply.

21 Binding Effect

This Development Agreement shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties to this Development Agreement, their respective successors, administrators, and assigns.

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22 Execution

In witness of this Development Agreement the parties have signed, sealed and delivered it to each other on the date set out at the top of the first page.

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED ) In the presence of: ) ) ) TOWN OF WOLFVILLE ) ) ) By ______) MAYOR ______) Witness ) ) ) By ______) TOWN CLERK

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED ) In the presence of: ) ) ) ) ______) By ______WITNESS ) 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED ) )

CANADA PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA COUNTY OF KINGS

I certify that on ______,2018, ______a witness to this agreement came before me, made oath, and swore that the TOWN OF WOLFVILLE, caused the same to be executed by its proper officers who affixed its Corporate Seal and subscribed their hands in its name and in its behalf in his/her presence.

______A Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

CANADA PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA COUNTY OF KINGS

I certify that on ______,2018, ______a witness to this agreement came before me, made oath, and swore that 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED caused the same to be executed by its proper officers and subscribed their hand in his/her presence.

______A Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia

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SCHEDULE A – Legal Description

To be inserted after land swap.

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SCHEDULE B – Conceptual Master Plan

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SCHEDULE C – Phasing Plan

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SCHEDULE D – Land Swap

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SCHEDULE E – Servicing and Stormwater

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SUBJECT TO FINAL LEGAL REVIEW – MINOR CHANGES MAY BE WARRANTED PRIOR TO THE PUBLIC HEARING

This Development Agreement is made this ____ day of ______, 2018.

BETWEEN: VIKING VENTURES LIMITED (Hereinafter called “the Developer”)

OF THE FIRST PART

- and -

TOWN OF WOLFVILLE, A municipal body corporate, (Hereinafter called the “Town”)

OF THE SECOND PART

WHEREAS the Developer has requested that the Town enter into a Development Agreement relating to the use and development of the Lands pursuant to the provisions of the Municipal Government Act and the Municipal Planning Strategy for the Town of Wolfville;

AND WHEREAS a condition of granting approval for the Development of the Lands is that the parties enter into this Development Agreement;

AND WHEREAS the Town Council of the Town, at its meeting on Month Day, Year approved entering into this Development Agreement to permit the use of the Lands in accordance with the terms of the Development Agreement, subject to the registered owner of the Lands entering into this Development Agreement;

NOW THEREFORE THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSES THAT in consideration of the covenants made in this Development Agreement and other valuable consideration, the Developer and the Town agree to the following terms.

1. Schedules

The following schedules form part of this Development Agreement:

Schedule “A” Property Description (to be updated once Land Swap executed) Schedule “B” West End: Conceptual Master Plan Schedule “C” West End: Phasing Plan Schedule “D” West End: Land Swap Schedule “E” West End: Overall Stormwater and Servicing Schematics

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

2. Definitions

2.1. In this Development Agreement:

“Accessory Dwelling Unit” means a self-contained dwelling unit with a maximum of 2 bedrooms that is wholly contained within a single unit dwelling (usually in a basement or a attached garage). The Accessory Dwelling Unit shall be subordinate in size to the main dwelling unit.

“Amenity Space” means an area within the boundaries of a multi-unit residential development site that is specifically designed to be used by residents for recreational, leisure, or open space purposes, and may include decks, balconies, green roofs, gardens, gyms, swimming pools, sports fields & courts, parks, landscaped open spaces, and other indoor and outdoor recreational uses.

“Apartment House” means a building which contains a maximum of four dwelling units and contains no more than six bedrooms in a three unit building or eight bedrooms in a four unit building.

“Bed & Breakfast” means a dwelling in which there is a resident owner or manager who Provides overnight accommodation for the travelling public and is licensed by the Province of Nova Scotia, for this purpose.

“Building By-Law” means Chapter 65 of the By-Laws of the Town of Wolfville.

“Building Code Act” means an Act to adopt and implement a building code for the Province of Nova Scotia RSNS 1989 Chapter 46, as amended.

“Conservation Easement” means a legal agreement between a landowner and the Town of Wolfville that permanently limits uses of the land subject to the easement in order to protect its conservation and ecological values. (subject to final legal review)

“Daycare Facility” means a place where four or more persons are cared for on a temporary daily basis without overnight accommodation but does not include a school.

“Detached Accessory Dwelling Unit” means a self-contained dwelling unit with a maximum of 2 bedrooms that is wholly contained within a building accessory to a single unit dwelling (usually in a detached garage or granny flat). Note: This use is only enabled by the property owner entering into a Development Agreement with Council to appropriately regulate the size, orientation, servicing, access and neighbourhood impacts.

“Developer” means the owner(s) of the lands, their heirs, successors, assigns, and all subsequent owners of the lands.

“Development” means the construction of municipal roads and services and a variety of residential housing types and other uses on the Lands as permitted by the terms of this agreement and shown on Schedule “B”.

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“Development Officer” means the Development Officer appointed by the Town of Wolfville under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act.

“Development Site” means a lot on which a construction of a dwelling or building will occur.

“Engineer” means the Engineer appointed by the Town of Wolfville under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act.

“Effective Date” means the date on which this Development Agreement is deemed to be entered into under the terms of this Development Agreement. For clarity, this is when the Agreement is signed by the Developer and the Town.

“Existing” means adjacent residential development to the Lands as of October 30, 2016.

“Group Dwellings” means more than two buildings on a lot which may be comprised of single unit, semi-detached, duplex or townhouses, built on a smaller land base than that typical of conventional building lots.

“Home Occupations” means the accessory use of a dwelling for gainful employment involving the production, sale, or provision of goods and services on a small scale.

“Lands” means the real property in the Town of Wolfville owned or to be owned by the Developer written in the deed description in Schedules “A” and as shown on the mapping in Schedule “B”-“D”. If there is a discrepancy between the Schedule mapping and the Schedule “A” written description, the mapped version shall take precedence.

“Land Use By-Law” means the Land Use By-Law of the Town of Wolfville in force from time to time, adopted and amended by the Wolfville Town Council under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act. At the date of this Development Agreement, it is the Land Use By- Law adopted by Council on September 23, 2008 and recorded at the Kentville Land Registry Office on November 6, 2008, as Document Number 92078600.

“Local Commercial Use” means a convenience store, coffee shop, laundromat, or other small scale commercial use aimed at a local neighbourhood clientele.

“Municipal Services” means both the Primary Services and Secondary Services that will be accepted by the Town.

“Municipal Planning Strategy (MPS)” means the Municipal Planning Strategy of the Town of Wolfville in force from time to time, adopted and amended by the Wolfville Town Council under the provisions of the Municipal Government Act. At the date of this Development Agreement, it is the Municipal Planning Strategy adopted by Council on September 23, 2008 and recorded at the Kentville Registry of Deeds Office on November 6, 2008, as Document Number 92078543.

“MGA” means the Municipal Government Act, S.N.S. 1998, c. 18, as amended.

“Net Acres” means the total area minus roads, parks, trails and lands on which other pieces of municipal infrastructure are located.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

“Nursing Home” means a building wherein nursing care, room and board are provided to individuals incapacitated in some manner for medical reasons, but does not include a hospital.

“Office (Business, Professional)” means a room or rooms where business may be transacted a service performed or consultation given, including but not limited to physicians, lawyers, architects, engineers, accountants, real estate agents, insurance agents, massage therapists, photographers, and similar uses, and may include retail sales or dispensing of goods associated with and incidental to the main use.

“Occupancy Permit” means a permit issued by the Building Official of the Town of Wolfville that allows the full occupancy or partial occupancy of a building for its intended use.

“Parking Area” means land used for parking for multi-unit residential development, excluding Townhouse development where individual units have separate driveways/parking areas on defined lots.

“Permeable Surface” any surface that contains materials that permits full or partial absorption of stormwater into previously unimproved land and does not meet the definition of Hard Surface in Land Use bylaw.

“Phase” means a development undertaken in a logical time and geographical sequence.

“Planning Documents” means the Land Use Bylaw, Municipal Planning Strategy, and Subdivision Bylaw of the Town of Wolfville.

“Primary Services” means those services which must be installed and accepted by the Town prior to accepting a public street and include: sanitary sewer, storm sewer, electrical and communication distribution system, street lighting system, sidewalks, traffic calming measures, storm surface drainage, street signs (street name blades), water system complete with valves, hydrants, laterals and all appurtenances, street construction including all gravel layers and base lift of asphalt including concrete curb and gutter, guiderails, traffic signs, and stabilization of all exposed areas.

“Private School” means a school conducted for gain, and includes, but is not limited to, a secretarial school, language school, or driving school, but does not include a public school.

“Public Street” means a street that has been built according to municipal standards and deeded to the Town.

“Residential Care Facility” means a single unit dwelling in which accommodation, together with nursing and personal care is provided or is available, for no more than four persons who live as a single housekeeping unit. There shall be a resident manager at such a facility. These facilities in a general institutional zone may provide care for five or more persons.

“Secondary Services” means all services other than Primary Services and includes: top lift asphalt, driveway entrances, walkways with approved surface, sodding, seeding, walkway lights, street trees, and landscaping.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

“Subdivision Bylaw” means the Subdivision Bylaw and the Subdivision Regulations of the Town of Wolfville.

“Sub phase” means the development of one or more lots in a phase but less than all the lots in a phase.

“Townhouse” means a one unit dwelling in a row of at least three such units in which each unit has its own front and rear access to the outside, no unit is located over another unit, and each unit is separated from any other unit by one or more vertical common fire-walls.

2.2. Where terms (words or phrases) are not defined in this Development Agreement, definitions in the Town’s Planning Documents shall apply. Where terms are not defined in the Planning Documents, definitions in the MGA shall apply. Where terms are not defined in the aforementioned sources, their ordinary meaning shall apply.

3. Relevance of Planning Documents and Other Regulations

3.2. This Development Agreement contains definitions and regulations for the Development. It complements the Town’s Planning Documents. Unless specified in this Development Agreement, requirements in the Town’s Planning Documents shall apply. Where there is a conflict between this Development Agreement and the Planning Documents, this Development Agreement shall prevail.

3.3. Regulations outside of this Development Agreement or the Town’s Planning Documents may be applicable to the Development. However, the terms of this Development Agreement shall not be substantially changed, unless otherwise defined in this agreement, in order to comply with such regulations without an amendment to this Development Agreement as per the requirements of the MGA.

3.4. The Developer and Council recognize that at the time of executing this Agreement the Town is undergoing a review of its Planning Documents and, after this agreement is executed and the Town’s new planning documents approved, it may be practical to discharge this Development Agreement and have the road network, open space and other elements adopted in policy and appropriate zoning applied to undeveloped portions of the Lands, provided that in doing so, the Developer does not lose any approvals or rights granted in this Agreement.

4. Background

The Developer wishes to develop the Lands for a variety of residential housing types and other neighbourhood appropriate uses (e.g. local commercial). The Lands are designated CDD – Comprehensive Development District and zoned RCDD – Residential Comprehensive Development District where a Development Agreement is required to enable the proposed use of the Lands.

5. Land Transfer and Consolidation

5.1. This agreement can only be fully effective upon the completion, to the satisfaction of the Development Officer, of the land transfer and consolidation of lands as shown on Schedule “D” of this Agreement. The Developer undertakes to complete this land transfer and consolidation

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

expeditiously no later than six (6) months after the effective date as per paragraph 9.1. This Agreement becomes null and void if the land transfer and consolidation is not executed.

5.2. The Town, as part of land transfer process as shown on Schedule “D”, shall be transferred fee simple ownership of two (2) Road Reserves, as shown on Schedules “B”-“D” – to ensure overall connectivity as the comprehensive development of the area proceeds.

6. Development Terms and Conditions

6.1. Permits and Approvals

6.1.1. This Development Agreement allows the Developer to obtain development permits, other permits, subdivision approvals, and permissions to allow uses on the Lands permitted by this Development Agreement.

6.1.2. The Developer shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and approvals required by law for the Development, including but not limited to development permits, building permits, and any approvals required from the Province of Nova Scotia.

6.1.3. Obligations or other requirements in this Development Agreement are those of the Developer, unless otherwise specified.

6.1.4. Occupancy permits shall be granted for this Development in accordance with the normal requirements of the Town of Wolfville Building By-Law unless otherwise regulated by the terms of this Development Agreement.

6.2. Land Use

6.2.1. The following residential land uses are permitted in each Phase on the Developer’s Lands:

PHASE HOUSING TYPES PERMITTED 1 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by separate development agreement • Semi-Detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement 2 • Single Unit Dwellings • Accessory Dwelling Units • Detached Accessory Dwelling Units, considered by separate development agreement • Apartment Houses (Multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Semi-detached and Duplex Dwellings • Townhouses up to 4 dwelling units • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement. 3 • Semi-Detached and Duplex Dwellings

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

• Townhouses • Apartment Houses (multi-unit dwelling up to 4 dwelling units) • Group Dwellings subject to 6.2.3 of this Development Agreement. • Multi-Unit Residential & Mixed-Use Developments

6.2.2. The following other land uses are permitted, subject to other provisions outlined here and in the Planning Documents:

LAND USE REGULATION Residential Care Facilities Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Home Occupations Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law

Bed & Breakfasts Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Utility Equipment Building or Subject to provisions of the Land Use By-law Installation Churches, community centres, Considered by Development Agreement in any private schools or other Phase community uses Local Commercial Permitted as-of-right in Phase 3 (as shown on Schedule “C”) as the ground floor component of a multi-unit residential building. Considered only by Development Agreement for any other property in Phases 1 or 2, as a stand- alone or mixed use.

6.2.3. Group Dwellings shall be permitted in accordance with the following conditions:

6.2.3.1. No Group Dwelling development shall be permitted adjacent to Existing Housing.

6.2.3.2. Densities of Group Dwelling developments shall not exceed 12 dwelling units/acre (net).

6.2.3.3. Group dwelling proposals shall include a landscape plan, prepared by a qualified person, to ensure that high quality landscape design, buffering, and parking area treatment is provided, subject to 6.3.4 and 6.3.4.1 of this Agreement.

6.2.4. Detached Accessory Dwelling Units are enabled on properties containing a single unit dwelling through the property owner entering into a separate development agreement with the Town to ensure size, orientation, service, access, buffering and other matters are dealt with appropriately.

6.2.5. Apartment Houses shall be limited to a maximum of 4 dwelling units and:

6.2.5.1. Shall appear as a Single Unit Dwelling from the Street.

6.2.5.2. Shall not be permitted to construct external staircases.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.2.5.3. Shall be limited to six bedrooms in a three unit dwelling and eight bedrooms in a four unit dwelling.

6.2.5.4. Proposals shall include a landscape plan, prepared by a qualified person, to ensure that high quality landscape design, buffering and parking area treatment is provided, subject to 6.3.4 and 6.3.4.1 of this Agreement.

6.2.6 For all Multi-Unit Residential Dwellings (greater than 4 units), the development shall:

6.2.6.1 Where the development site is adjacent, provide pedestrian connections onto the trail system.

6.2.6.2 Store refuse, compost, recyclables, and other similar matters within the main building, or within accessory structures or containers pursuant to the requirements of the Land Use Bylaw, Valley Region Solid Waste-Resource Management By-Law, and other applicable regulations.

6.2.6.3 Locate containers referenced in paragraph 6.2.4.2 so they are visually screened from public view by fencing or landscaping.

6.2.6.4 Visually screen utility equipment such as mechanical and electrical equipment by fencing or landscaping.

6.2.6.5 Provide a landscape plan, amenity space and parking area treatment as per part 6.3 of this agreement.

6.2.7 Notwithstanding the requirements of the Planning Documents, the following yard and massing requirements shall apply:

Dwelling Frontage Lot Area Front Flanka Side Rear Height Lot Type (Min.) (Min.) Yard ge Yard yard (Max.) Coverage (Min.) (Min.) (Min.) (Min. (Max.) ) Single Unit 11m 300m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% (36’) (3,229ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (13’) (36’)

Semi- 9m 280m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% Detached (29.5’) (3,014ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’)

Duplex 12m 366m2 4.5m 4m 2m 4m 11m 40% (40’) (4,000ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’) Town House 4.5m 137m2 4.5m 4m 2m 4m 11m 40% (15’) (1,474ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (36’) Apartment 18m 560m2 4.5m 4m 1.7m 4m 11m 40% House (up (60’) (6027ft2) (15’) (13’) (5.6’) (13’) (36’) to 4 units)

Multi-Unit 18m 120m2 4.5m 4m 3m 4m 11.88m 40% Dwellings & (60’) (1,292ft2) (15’) (13’) one (39’) Mixed-Use per side, Developmen dwelling 2m ts unit other

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.2.8 Permitted encroachments in yards shall be as per the Land Use By-law with the exception of sills, belt courses, cornices, eaves, gutters, chimneys, pilasters, canopies or similar building elements which shall be permitted to encroach up to 70cm.

6.2.9 Hard surface coverage on properties shall not exceed 50% of total lot area. Decks shall not contribute to lot coverage.

6.3 Landscaping, Amenity Space & Tree Preservation

6.3.1. All non-hard surface area on a lot shall be Landscaped as defined in the Land Use By-law.

6.3.2. Hard surfacing of parking areas is required. Hard surfacing may include permeable hard surface treatments.

6.3.3. For single unit and duplex dwellings, a minimum of two trees shall be planted in the front or flankage yard of the property. For semi-detached dwellings, single detached dwellings with less than 40’ of lot frontage, and townhome and/or row housing (up to 4 units) a minimum of one tree shall be planted in the front yard of each dwelling. Trees shall be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 feet) in height and have a minimum trunk diameter of 39 millimetres (~1.5 inch) measured 0.61 metres (~2 feet) above grade.

6.3.4. Townhouse development (3-4 units+), apartment houses, group dwellings, and multi- unit residential or mixed use development shall be required to submit a landscape plan prepared by a qualified person, which includes:

6.3.4.1. Tree and shrub planting with a minimum of one tree of at least 1.5m (5’) in height for every 40m2 (430ft2) of non-hard surface area. Trees shall be a variety of species which may include: maple, oak, linden, ash, and beech or other climate appropriate species. Two (2) shrubs of a minimum height of 0.6m (2’) may be substituted for a tree planting to meet this requirement.

6.3.5. Multi-unit residential or mixed-use (4+ dwelling units) requirements for Parking Areas:

6.3.5.1. Incorporation of bicycle parking at the rate of 0.5 spaces per dwelling unit with clear routes for pedestrians and cyclists incorporated in the parking area.

6.3.5.2. The maximum length of a parking row shall be ten (10) parking stalls and a landscaped island/bump-out shall be located at both ends of each parking row and designed in accordance with:

• Be the full length of the abutting parking row and be a minimum of 1.5m (5’) in width;

• Contain a minimum of one deciduous tree (min 1.5m in height) and two shrubs (min. 0.6m in height) and may include additional vegetation to the satisfaction of the Development Officer; and

• Be incorporated into the storm water management plan for the site.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.3.5.3. Parking rows may exceed ten (10) parking stalls where a landscaped island/bump-out is incorporated, in accordance with paragraph 6.3.4.

6.3.5.4. Where parking areas cannot be located to the rear or side of a building, away from the public right-of-way, a landscaped strip shall be provided. A landscaped strip shall:

• Be a minimum of 1.5m (5’) in width;

• Contain a minimum of one deciduous tree for each space that fronts onto the abutting public right-of-way, or one tree per every 3m (10’) in length, whichever provides the greatest number of trees;

• Contain shrubs that are a minimum of 0.6m (2’) in height at the time of planting;

• Incorporate additional vegetation to screen parked cars without obstructing views, to the satisfaction of the Development Officer; and

• Be incorporated into the storm water management plan for the site.

6.3.6. Multi-unit residential (4+ units) shall provide Amenity Space for residents as per:

Dwelling Category Required Amenity Space (Min.)

Bachelor & One-bedroom units 15m2 (162ft2) per unit

Two-bedroom units 20m2 (216ft2) per unit

3-bedroom units 25m2 (269ft2) per unit

4 or more bedroom units 30m2 (323ft2) per unit

6.3.7 Required trees shall be planted prior to an occupancy permit being issued for the dwelling unit(s) and trees shall be a variety of species which may include: maple, oak, linden, ash, and beech or other climate appropriate species. The Developer shall ensure coordination with the Nova Scotia Power or other parties regarding easements and meeting the planting requirement.

The Developer may provide the Town with a deposit in the amount of $300 in lieu of planting a tree. This deposit will be returned, without interest, to the Developer on completion of the required planting. If the Developer fails to do the required planting within one year of the issuance of an occupancy permit for the dwelling, the Town may carry out the work as provided for in paragraph 15 of this agreement and use the deposited amount to recover the costs of performing the work.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.3.8 Existing trees and vegetation are encouraged to be retained during the early development stage. All trees that are retained in the front and flankage yard shall replace, or count towards, the requirements of paragraph 6.3.3 and 6.3.4.

6.4. Urban Design

6.4.1 So that the prominent feature of a single detached, duplex, semi-detached or townhouse dwelling on narrow lots (less than 65' frontage) is not a garage, where a garage is part of, or attached to a main dwelling, the garage shall meet one of the following:

6.4.1.1 be flush or recessed from the front wall of the dwelling (4’ recommended), or

6.4.1.2 include a roofed veranda structure which is part of the building facade extending past the front of the garage by no less than 2' for no less than 10' of frontage width. Also, if the garage extends past the main building facade, the garage shall include a window (no less than 4 sq.ft.) on the side of the garage within 6' of the front of the garage, or

6.4.1.3 extended garage units (garages that protrude from the front façade more than 4 feet) shall not be sited adjacent to another unit with an extended garage. The 'flush' or 'recessed' garage unit should be sited 2' closer to the street than the adjacent 'extended' garage unit. Extended garage units should not extend more than 10' from the front facade and shall include a window (no less than 4 sq.ft.) on the side-yard of the garage within 6' of the front of the garage. A minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the dwellings with extended garages on any street shall be two stories.

6.4.2 No garage shall occupy a more than 50% of the front street elevation of any building.

6.4.3 To provide for a varied street scene and contribute to a more walkable neighbourhood, the reuse of identical or similar buildings in close proximity to one another shall not be permitted. Identical buildings may not be repeated more frequently than every fourth (4th) building along the same side of a street or adjacent to one another within a cul-de- sac.

6.4.4 Buildings are not identical if they are varied in at least 2 of the following: roof style; building mass and form; elevation plane; variation in exterior surfaces, colours, materials; fenestration; and main entry and garage placement, subject to the approval of the Development Officer.

6.4.5 To avoid facades of large blank walls on corner sites (having frontage on two streets), the façades of a principal building abutting the front lot line and the flanking side lot line shall use consistent building materials and architectural features on both frontages, and shall include features such as windows, doors, or porches.

6.5 Density

6.5.1 The density for this Development shall be a minimum of five (5) and a maximum of twelve (12) dwelling units per net acre.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

6.5.2 The Developer shall submit a density calculation report at time of tentative subdivision approval for each phase (as outlined in Schedule “C”). The calculation shall provide anticipated density numbers for the phase and compliance with the overall development’s density limitations as outlined in paragraph 6.5.1 of this Agreement.

6.5.3 For the purposes of regulating the number of dwelling units pursuant to 6.5.1, a building initially built as a single unit dwelling that may add an accessory dwelling unit in the future shall count as one unit until such time as a second dwelling unit receives an occupancy permit.

6.5.4 The tentative plan shall also show the number of proposed units for townhouse lots or multi-unit lots.

6.5.5 If during the development of any phase, changes to the density provided at tentative approval are made, the Developer will have to ensure that the overall density requirements for the phase/development are still being met prior to final subdivision being approved.

6.5.6 Unused Density in Phase 1 and 2 of Viking’s Lands, may be transferred to Phase 3 up to a maximum of 18 dwelling units/acre.

6.6 Stormwater Management

6.6.1 The Storm Water Management Plan prepared by Able Engineering and approved by the Town Engineer prior to this Development Agreement being fully executed shall be adopted and form part of the Servicing Agreement unless material conditions or assumptions have changed which require a modification to the Able Engineering Plan. Any change will be done in a manner consistent with the overall engineering principles that governed the original design and shall be approved by the Town Engineer.

6.6.2 The storm water management plan shall ensure that measures are taken to ensure post development runoff from the Development on the Lands achieves a net zero affect on adjacent properties.

6.6.3 Individual lots within each phase shall submit a lot grading plan that conforms to the overall storm water drainage plan and erosion and sedimentation control plan before a Development Permit is issued by the Development Officer.

6.7 Subdivision and Phasing

6.7.1 The Developer shall be permitted to complete the Development in phases, as outlined in Schedule “C” – West End Phasing Plan.

6.7.2 As part of the tentative subdivision application for all phases (as defined in Schedule “C”) the Developer shall:

6.7.2.1 Enter into a Servicing Agreement with the Town to set out the detailed standards, terms and conditions for the installation of all Municipal Services and storm water management infrastructure included in each phase of the

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

Development. No construction of any Municipal Services shall commence until the Servicing Agreement has been executed by the Town in a timely manner.

6.7.2.2 Provide an erosion and sedimentation control plan.

6.7.3 The Development shall comply with the Subdivision By-law, unless varied by the terms of this Agreement.

6.7.4 Tentative Approval shall not be granted where the submitted plan shows a single loaded street.

6.7.5 The Developer shall provide a cash payment (Open Space Fees) of $70,000, minus any amounts paid for lots 29-34 on Stirling Avenue, paid over 3 years, with the first payment a condition of the approval for the first lot taken from tentative to final subdivision approval within Phase 1 (as shown on Schedule “C”). This amount along with the lands provided to the Town as outlined in paragraph 7 of the agreement shall be deemed to include all requirements of the subdivision bylaw including any future amendment. The Developer shall not be required to provide more land or funds as the lands are subdivided over time.

6.7.6 Final Subdivision approval of any lots in Phase 1 or 2 shall not be granted until a second entrance on a Public Street into the phase is provided to the Lands.

6.7.7 For Phase 3, tentative subdivision approval is required for the entire phase, including the road network. A piecemeal approach to planning the road layout shall not be permitted.

6.7.8 The placement of the east-west Pedestrian Walkways, may be altered as part of subdivision approval but shall be sited within 20m of the locations shown on Schedule “B”.

7 Parkland Dedication

7.1 The Parkland dedication requirements for the Lands shall be deemed to include all requirements of the subdivision bylaw as indicated in paragraph 6.7.5 and as outlined below:

7.2 The Developer shall provide title for, and improvements to (as defined in paragraph 7.2.1) the Neighbourhood Park land, as identified on Schedule “B”. The Neighbourhood Parkland shall be provided to the Town within 3 months of the Neighbourhood Park’s road frontage (a public street) being accepted by the Town;

7.2.1 Improvements before acceptance by the Town of the Neighbourhood Parkland, as identified on Schedule “B” shall include:

7.2.1.1 Removal of brush and scrub vegetation as directed by the Development Officer;

7.2.1.2 Grading of the site to create a smooth surface consistent with the general topography of the area;

7.2.1.3 Supply and level a minimum depth of 100 mm of topsoil over all disturbed areas;

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

7.2.1.4 Hydroseed or seeding all disturbed areas.

7.2.1.5 Notwithstanding paragraph 7.2.1., the Developer may provide a performance security satisfactory to the Development Officer for the completion of improvements to the Neighbourhood Parkland at time of final subdivision approval for the Parkland portion of Phase 1.

7.3 The Developer shall provide title for, and improvements to (as defined in paragraph 7.3.1) the Developer’s portion of the Linear Park land, as identified on Schedule “B”. The Linear Park lands shall be provided to the Town within 3 months of the Linear Park’s Phase 1 access and the Phase 1 Skyway Drive extension (as shown on Schedule “C”) being accepted by the Town;

7.3.1 Improvements before acceptance by the Town of the Linear Park, as identified on Schedule “B” shall include:

7.3.1.1 Completion of the Phase 1 Skyway Drive access and cul-de-sac to the satisfaction of the Development Officer.

7.3.2 The Town shall register Conservation Easements against the title to lots that are created abutting the Linear Park’s “Conservation Area” as shown on Schedule “C”. The Conservation Easement shall ensure: (subject to final legal review)

• Restrictions on the ability to erect any buildings or structures.

• Restrictions on the ability to remove trees or vegetation.

• Restrictions on excavating or altering land levels.

• Restrictions on the application of any toxic herbicide or pesticide.

7.3.3 The minimum width of the Linear Park adjacent to Highway 101 shall between 11-13 meters, to ensure appropriate buffering, as shown on Schedule “B”.

7.3.4 The minimum width of the Linear Park sections along the far eastern and western boundaries of the Lands shall be between 6-7 m, as shown on Schedule “B”.

7.4 The Developer shall provide title for the Trailhead Park, as identified on Schedule “B”. The Trailhead Park shall be provided to the Town within 3 months of the Trailhead Park’s road frontage (a public street) being accepted by the Town;

7.4.1 Improvements before acceptance by the Town of the Trailhead Park, as identified on Schedule “B” shall include:

7.4.1.1 Removal of brush and scrub vegetation as directed by the Development Officer;

7.4.1.2 Grading of the site to create a smooth surface consistent with the general topography of the area;

7.4.1.3 Supply and level a minimum depth of 100 mm of topsoil over all disturbed areas; and

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

7.4.1.4 Hydroseed or seeding all disturbed areas.

7.4.1.5 Notwithstanding paragraph 7.4.1., the Developer may provide a performance security satisfactory to the Development Officer for the completion of improvements to the Neighbourhood Parkland at time of final subdivision approval for the Parkland portion of Phase 1.

7.4.2 The minimum frontage of the Trailhead Park within Phase 3, as shown on Schedule “B”, shall be a minimum 15m (50’).

7.4.3 The location of the Trailhead Park in Phase 3, as shown on Schedule “B” may be moved to any other location in Phase 3 under any of the following conditions:

7.4.3.1 The Trailhead Park does not include land that makes the construction of a parking area difficult or cost prohibitive for the municipality.

7.4.3.2 The overall size is not decreased.

7.4.3.3 The Trailhead is located on a public street and meets the frontage requirements established in this agreement.

7.5 The requirements of paragraph 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4 shall be conveyed to the Town free of all liens or encumbrances except for any that may be acceptable to the Town.

7.6 The parkland areas, as shown on Schedule “B”, may increase or decrease in size by up to 2% as a result of survey anomalies, minor road alignment issues, or other similar factors.

8 Mobility and Traffic Calming

8.1 Sidewalks and mid-block pedestrian walkways shall be completed on the Lands as per Schedule “B”.

8.2 Pedestrian walkways shall be detailed in the Servicing Agreement and shall include:

• Raised crosswalks • Extended Curb Bump outs • Landscape Plan to ensure proper pathway entry and that buffering / separations between adjacent properties are achieved.

8.3 Crosswalks that do not connect the mid block pedestrian connections (as shown on Schedule “B”) are not required to be raised.

8.4 On-Street Parking shall be permitted on all streets on the Lands and shall be recognized as a traffic calming measure.

8.5 Future Bus Routing and Active Transportation (e.g. bike lanes) may be accommodated on the Lands as the full build-out proceeds over time.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

9 Timing

9.1 This Development Agreement shall be deemed to be entered into on the day following the day on which the time for appeal of Town Council’s approval to enter it has elapsed, or the day on which any appeals have been disposed of and the policy of the Wolfville Town Council approving this Development Agreement has been affirmed by the Nova Scotia Utilities and Review Board, under the provisions of the MGA, or other judiciary body as applicable. All other time requirements imposed in this Development Agreement shall be calculated from that date, the Effective Date.

9.2 Tentative subdivision approvals for all phases of the development (as shown on Schedule “C”) shall be obtained within 10 years of the effective date. The developer may develop phase 2 in a sub-phase manner so long as temporary cul-de-sacs’ are provided and erosion and sedimentation measures are approved and put in place and the provisions of the Storm water Management plan have been accounted for.

9.3 Tentative Subdivision approval for Primary Services from the existing Hillcrest Avenue to the Crossroad (as shown on Schedule “C”) will expire two (2) years after approval (Effective Date) is granted. The Tentative approval for the remainder of Hillcrest Avenue primary services will expire 10 years after approval is granted. (subject to final legal review)

10 Amendment (subject to final legal review)

10.1 With the exception of matters which the Town and the Developer do not consider to be substantive, outlined in paragraphs 9.2 and 9.3, the amendment of any other matter in this Development Agreement can only be made under the provisions of Section 230 of the Municipal Government Act, including the holding of a Public Hearing.

10.2 The following are non-substantive amendments to this Development Agreement, approved through a motion of Council as per section 230(7) of the MGA:

• Agreement timing • Timing of parkland dedication • Road Layout and Housing types permitted in Phase 3

10.3 The following are amendments to this Development Agreement that the Development Officer may action without Council approval:

• Changes clearly outlined in this agreement (e.g. paragraph 6.7.8) • Landscaping requirements • Minor changes to Schedules as a result of Provincial or other regulations that maintain the spirit of this agreement. • Minor changes to the schedules (e.g. crosswalk locations, stop signs) that are conceptual at this stage and will be detailed in the servicing agreement.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

11 Expenses

The Developer shall pay all costs and expenses primarily related to public advertising and not including legal fees, incurred by the Town related to this Development Agreement.

12 Liability

The Developer shall be liable for any damage to persons or public or private property caused by the Developer contractors or subcontractor work related to the provision of primary or secondary services. The Developer shall indemnify the Town and save it harmless from any claim, cause of action, or liability in any way relating to the construction of primary and secondary services. The Developer shall obtain and maintain in force throughout the course of construction on the Development, liability insurance coverage to insure the responsibilities which the Developer is assuming.

13 Subsequent Owners (subject to final legal review)

13.1 This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties hereto, their heirs, successors, assigns, mortgagees, lessees and all subsequent owners, and shall run with the Lands which are the subject of this Agreement until this Agreement is discharged by Council.

13.2 Upon the transfer of title to any lot(s), the subsequent owner(s) thereof shall observe and perform the terms and conditions of this Agreement to the extent applicable to the lot(s) and the Developer shall have no responsibilities or liabilities under this contract for the conveyed lot.

14 Completion of Development

Upon the completion of the whole Development, complete phases or sub phases of the Development, Council may review this Agreement, in whole or in part, and may:

14.1 Retain the Agreement in its present form; 14.2 Negotiate a new Agreement; 14.3 Discharge the Agreement, wholly or partially, and apply appropriate zoning pursuant to the Municipal Planning Strategy and Land use Bylaw for the Town of Wolfville .

15 Default

15.1 If the Developer fails to comply with any term of this Development Agreement or any legislation applicable to this Development Agreement, the Town may give to them a notice identifying the failure or failures to comply and stating a reasonable time for remedy given the nature of the failure, in any event not less than 30 days, within which the Developer must comply. If the Developer does not comply with the identified failure or failures within the stated time, the Town may take any action authorized by the Municipal Government Act and at its sole discretion may:

15.1.1 Terminate this Agreement if the failure to comply is deemed to be substantial non- compliance with the terms of this Agreement;

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

15.1.2 Enter the Lands and take any action required to correct the identified failure to comply;

15.1.3 Enter the Lands and remove and/or demolish, part or all of any building or structures on the Lands, or take any other action required to bring the Lands to a safe and sightly condition in compliance with the Dangerous and Unsightly provisions of the Municipal Government Act; or,

15.1.4 Take no action.

15.2 Any election by the Town to take no action on a breach of this Development Agreement by the Developer shall not bar the Town from exercising its rights under this Development Agreement on any other breach or later take action on the same breach.

15.3 Any costs and expenses incurred by the Town in exercising its rights under paragraphs 14.1, shall include, but are not limited to, costs and expenses incurred in returning the Lands to their original condition before work began on the Development and all solicitors’ fees and disbursements incurred in terminating or discharging this Development Agreement. The costs and expenses shall be paid by the Developer to the Town as a debt and may be recovered by direct suit. Such expenses form a first lien on the Lands as provided by Section 507 of the Municipal Government Act. The Developer shall pay interest on the costs and expenses, outstanding from time to time, at the same monthly rate charged by the Town for municipal real property tax arrears. Such interest costs shall be treated as an expense.

16 Administration

The Development Officer administers this Development Agreement. His / Her decision is final and binding on all parties unless the issue is a non-substantive amendment and the approval of Council is required. Any substantive amendments to the Agreement may only be made in accordance with the requirements of the MGA.

17 Warranties by the Developer

17.1 Title and Authority

17.1.1 The title to the Lands shall be registered under the Land Registration Act showing the Developer as the sole registered interest holder, holding good title in fee simple to the lands subject only to any normal financing encumbrance. No other entity shall have any interest in the lands which would require their signature on this Development Agreement to validly bind the Lands.

17.1.2 The Developer have taken all steps necessary to, and they have full authority to, enter this Development Agreement.

18 Full Agreement

18.1 This Development Agreement and any subsidiary agreement referenced herein constitute the totality of the Agreements entered into between the Town and the Developer. No other agreement or representation, whether oral or written, shall be binding.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

18.2 This Development Agreement shall not be precedent for any other agreement either between the Town and the Developer or between the Town and any other party.

19 Notice

Any notice to be given under this Development Agreement shall be made in writing and either served personally or forwarded by courier or by registered mail, postage prepaid, if to the Town to:

Town of Wolfville 359 Main Street Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 1A1 Attention: Development Officer

and if to the Developer:

Viking Ventures Limited 4248 NO 1 Hwy Berwick, NS B0P 1E0

20 Headings

The headings used in this Development Agreement are for convenience only. If any of the headings are inconsistent with the provisions of the Development Agreement which it introduces, the provisions of the Development Agreement shall apply.

21 Binding Effect

This Development Agreement shall enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties to this Development Agreement, their respective successors, administrators, and assigns.

22 Execution

In witness of this Development Agreement the parties have signed, sealed and delivered it to each other on the date set out at the top of the first page.

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED ) In the presence of: ) ) ) TOWN OF WOLFVILLE ) ) ) By ______) MAYOR

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

______) Witness ) ) ) By ______) TOWN CLERK

SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED ) In the presence of: ) ) ) ) ______) By ______WITNESS ) 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED ) )

CANADA PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA COUNTY OF KINGS

I certify that on ______,2018, ______a witness to this agreement came before me, made oath, and swore that the TOWN OF WOLFVILLE, caused the same to be executed by its proper officers who affixed its Corporate Seal and subscribed their hands in its name and in its behalf in his/her presence.

______A Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia

CANADA PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA COUNTY OF KINGS

I certify that on ______,2018, ______a witness to this agreement came before me, made oath, and swore that 2231266 NOVA SCOTIA LIMITED caused the same to be executed by its proper officers and subscribed their hand in his/her presence.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

______A Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

SCHEDULE A – Legal Description

To be inserted after land swap.

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

SCHEDULE B – Conceptual Master Plan

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

SCHEDULE C – Phasing Plan

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

SCHEDULE D – Land Swap

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

SCHEDULE E – Servicing and Stormwater

As approved by Council XXXXXX XX, 2018 – West End Lands Development Agreement

Housing: Now and Into the Future PRECARIOUS HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS ACROSS OUR RURAL COMMUNITIES Released March 2018

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Shelburne  Yarmouth  Digby  Annapolis  Kings  West Hants

Report Prepared by: Denise Vacon, Nancy Green, Jennifer Lamrock, Lisa Sally, Nancy Stewart

AN INITIATIVE OF OUR LOCAL HOUSING FUNDERS COALITIONS AND STAKEHOLDERS Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)

Affordable Housing Association of Nova Scotia (AHANS)

Nova Scotia Advisory Council on the Status of Women

The following Town and Municipal Units

Municipality of Barrington

Town of Shelburne Municipality of Shelburne Town of Municipality of the District of Argyle Municipality of the District of Yarmouth Town of Digby Municipality of the District Digby Municipality of the District of Clare Town of Municipality of Annapolis Municipality of Kings Town of Wolfville

Town of Berwick Town of Kentville Including Women’s Place Resource Centre and Town of Windsor Poverty Coalition Municipality of West Hants

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to acknowledge the collaborative efforts of all who supported the development and implementation of Housing: Now and Into the Future. This project was made possible because of the commitment of our community partners, the financial support of our funders, and the participation of all who completed the surveys and shared their stories at community engagement sessions. Without the incredible response from our communities’ efforts to support survey distribution through one-on-one supports, home visits, and dedication to giving voice to the housing challenges our communities face, we would not have been able to achieve this success.

This project makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the diverse and complex housing needs of our communities, and will support the ongoing efforts of our community coalitions and partners to bring attention to the issues of affordable housing and poverty that impact many individuals across our rural communities. No single action is needed to address the challenges facing our communities related to housing. It is our hope that the collaboration and partnership demonstrated throughout this process will continue as we move towards action. As we have learned through this process, we will move farther together!

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Table of Contents List of Charts, Tables and Maps ...... 5 Charts ...... 5 Tables ...... 5 Maps and Figures ...... 5 Executive Summary: Precarious Housing and Homelessness ...... 6 Introduction ...... 10 The Purpose of the Housing Needs Assessment ...... 10 The Expected Benefits ...... 10 The Scope of the Project ...... 10 Geographic Partnerships ...... 10 Needs Assessment Development and Planning ...... 12 Identification and Collection of Available Data Sets ...... 12 Survey Questions and Approach ...... 12 Community Engagement Sessions Questions and Approach ...... 12 Needs Assessment Implementation and Data Collection ...... 13 Public Survey Data Collection, Promotion and Distribution ...... 13 Service Provider and Stakeholder Surveys Data Collection, Promotion and Distribution ...... 13 Data Collection: Community Engagement Sessions ...... 13 General Community Engagement Sessions ...... 13 Targeted Community Engagement Sessions ...... 13 Service Provider and Stakeholder Community Engagement Sessions ...... 13 Housing Needs Assessment Response Rate ...... 14 Public Survey ...... 14 Service Provider and Stakeholder Surveys ...... 15 Data Analysis ...... 15 Surveys ...... 15 Community Engagement Sessions ...... 15 Data Limitations...... 15 Housing and Homelessness in Rural Areas: ...... 17 Is Risk of Homelessness an Issue? ...... 19 Prevalence of Housing Insecurity ...... 20 Who Is Experiencing Housing Insecurity?...... 24

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Age ...... 24 Vulnerable Groups ...... 25 Income and Employment ...... 26 Housing Costs ...... 28 Quotes - Housing Affordability ...... 30 Living Arrangements ...... 31 General ...... 31 Homelessness ...... 32 Quotes – Experiencing Homelessness ...... 33 Reason for Living Arrangements ...... 35 Quotes – Repair and Maintenance ...... 38 Quotes - Health and Wellbeing ...... 38 Reasons Living Arrangements are Unsatisfactory ...... 39 Repair and Maintenance ...... 40 Rental Properties ...... 42 Finding A Place to Live ...... 44 What Makes It Hard? ...... 44 Housing Supports and Services ...... 48 Quotes – Supports and Services ...... 53 Service Provider Perspective ...... 54 Accessibility ...... 55 Requiring Outside Assistance ...... 55 Planning to Move ...... 57 Household Amenities ...... 58 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 59 Opportunities for Actions ...... 61 References ...... 64

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities List of Charts, Tables and Maps Charts

Chart 1: Survey Response by County ...... 14 Chart 2: Housing Insecurity: Thinking about the next couple of years, can you keep living where you are or will you have to move? ...... 20 Chart 3: Distribution by Age of Respondents Experiencing Housing Instability ...... 24 Chart 4: Percentage of Respondents Reporting Housing Insecurity by Group Affiliation ...... 25 Chart 5: Income Distribution of Respondents Experiencing Housing Insecurity ...... 26 Chart 6: Annual Income by Housing Security ...... 27 Chart 7: Average Cost of Housing by Tenure ...... 28 Chart 8: Average Cost of Housing by Tenure - 2016 Census Data by County ...... 29 Chart 9: Average Cost of Utilities per Month...... 29 Chart 10: Living Arrangements of Respondents Experiencing Housing Instability ...... 31 Chart 11: Living Arrangements by Age and Geography ...... 31 Chart 12: Income Levels of Individuals experiencing homelessness ...... 32 Chart 13: What % of your client base do you estimate has any type of housing problem? ...... 34 Chart 14: Reasons for Living Arrangements by Housing Security and Stability ...... 35 Chart 15: Reasons a Living Situation is Unsatisfactory ...... 39 Chart 16: How do you feel about your current housing situation? ...... 40 Chart 17: Ease of Finding a House that Meets Needs ...... 44 Chart 18: What makes it hard to stay where you are at or to find suitable housing? Insecurely Housed ...... 45 Chart 19: Reasons for being refused housing ...... 47 Chart 20: Supports and Services That Would Help Respondents Stay Successfully Housed ...... 49 Chart 21: Primary Type of Services or Supports Required to Stay Housed ...... 50 Chart 22: Distribution of Sectors Represented in the Service Provider Survey ...... 54 Chart 23: Supports and Outside Assistance ...... 56 Chart 24: Planning to Move by Housing Security ...... 57 Chart 25: Working Household Amenities by Housing Security ...... 58

Tables

Table: 1 Geographic Partnerships ...... 11 Table 2: Total Needs Assessment Survey Responses ...... 14 Table3: Survey Respondents Experiencing Housing Insecurity by County ...... 21 Table 4: Top Five Reasons “What makes it hard to stay where you are at or to find suitable housing?” by group ...... 46 Table 5: Top 5 Supports and Services by Group Affiliation ...... 52 Table 6: Reason Behind Most Recent Move by Housing Security ...... 58

Maps and Figures

Map 1: Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax ...... 23 Map 2: Need for Major repair across the geographic area ...... 41 Map 3: Age of Household Maintainer by Census ...... 42 Figure 1: The precarious Housing Iceberg ...... 22 Figure 2: Housing and Health ...... 37 Figure 3: Social Ecological Model ...... 61

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary: Precarious Housing and Homelessness Throughout the fall of 2017 and winter of 2018 the “Housing: Now and Into the Future” needs assessment was conducted across Shelburne, Digby, Yarmouth, Annapolis, Kings and West Hants in Nova Scotia. The assessment was a collaborative effort among local housing coalitions, community partners and municipal units with the purpose of:

 Increasing knowledge of affordable and supportive housing needs and issues;  Engaging the community to better understand the local housing situation;  Generating reports with current data on housing needs relevant to our communities that can be used for planning, service delivery, and funding proposals;  Documenting the housing needs of all citizens including vulnerable populations (women leaving domestic violence, youth, seniors, LGBTQ, persons with disabilities, people experiencing homelessness).

This interim report presents findings from the assessment which examine issues related to housing insecurity and homelessness in our communities.

As homelessness tends to be hidden in rural communities, it is difficult to determine the exact extent to which the existence of homelessness is an issue. Often those in need rely on informal networks to couch surf or double up, they sleep rough in unsafe dwellings, seasonal “cottages” and recreational trailers during all seasons. To assess the prevalence of housing insecurity across the needs assessment area, the question “Thinking about the next couple of years, can you keep living where you are or will you have to move?” was asked.

In total, 75% of all survey respondents answered this question. Almost 40% indicated that they could not continue to live where they were at or that they were unsure if they could stay, and therefore, their housing situation was considered to not be stable. Further analysis was done to deepen our understanding of who is experiencing housing insecurity in our communities, the experience of living with housing insecurity itself, and what opportunities there may be to take action.

Through analysis, it became clear that the issue of housing insecurity and risk of homelessness is prevalent across all areas of our rural communities surveyed. While affordability challenges represented the main reasons respondents indicated that it was hard for them to stay where they were or to find housing, availability was also identified as a factor. Interestingly, housing tenure was not found to be necessarily linked to the experience of housing insecurity; approximately 50% of those experiencing housing insecurity indicated that they rented their accommodations, 40% indicated they owned their home and the remainder had other living arrangements.

Who is experiencing Housing Insecurity?

Housing Insecurity places individuals at risk for homelessness. A total of 30 individuals surveyed identified as being homeless (either couch surfing or sleeping rough on the streets). An additional 14 individuals indicated they were staying in supportive housing (youth shelter or transition house).

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities A number of factors were identified as being linked to housing insecurity:

Factor Results

Age Respondents from all age groups reported experiencing housing insecurity, with the highest rates being among Youth (63%).

Gender A greater proportion of individuals identifying outside the gender binary (including transgender, gender variant, non-conforming, self-described or preferring not to say) reported being insecurely housed (44%) compared to approximately 26% of males and 30% of females.

Vulnerable Groups indicating the greatest incidence of housing insecurity rates included those leaving or Group living in an abusive relationship (79%), being a single parent (64%), or living with an addiction (61%).

Income & Respondents reporting housing insecurity indicated before-tax household incomes below Employment $40,000 per year (61%) and full time employment (36%).

Living with Housing Insecurity:

In general, housing insecurity is associated with fewer options, and less choice or autonomy in where survey respondents might opt to live. Among those who indicated they are living with housing insecurity:

 Average monthly costs ranged from $608 to $811 among renters and $658 to $1002 among homeowners.  Self-reported Core Housing Need ranged from 36% to 43% across the needs assessment area, which aligns with the Core Housing Need rates reported by renters in the most recent Census of Canada.  30% indicated that their living situation was either not very good (23%) or awful (7%), compared to 3% of those who are securely housed.  50% expressed that it was difficult or very difficult to find ahome that met their needs.  Many get help from others (not living with them) to pay their rent or mortgage.  Approximately 83% indicated they were planning to move compared to 34% of those securely housed.  83% indicated that there were factors that make it hard for them to stay housed or to find suitable housing and 51% identify services and supports that would have made it easier.

What would help?

Survey respondents were asked to identify the housing challenges they encounter which place them in housing insecurity. Seniors are more likely to report on repairs and suitability; Adults on getting a mortgage, repairs and the kind of housing needed; Youth on availability and cost. Affordable rental availability was an issue across all groups and financial stressors contributing to housing affordability (e.g., heat and lights, repairs, taxes, down payments) were themes surrounding most of the other selected responses. Social factors like someone to call for help, getting along with others, and feeling safe were also identified by several respondents as supports that would help.

Additionally, respondents were asked to identify supports that would make it easier for them to stay housed. These services ranged from daily living to supportive living to more complex housing first supports and included general assistance, financial assistance, making social connections, getting information and accessing services.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Conclusions and Recommendations

From the results obtained in both the public and service provider surveys, it is clear that housing insecurity is an issue across all our communities. Housing insecurity appears more pervasive than many may have imagined and the conditions of housing unaffordability coupled with limited availability are negatively impacting the health and well-being of our communities. The results of the survey provides insights on the kinds of supports and services required to help keep people successfully housed in our rural communities and prevent homelessness.

Communities that promote integrated, affordable housing choices through the design of their built environments, by encouraging safe and affordable housing development and promoting integrated rental, subsidized and market housing options, can break down the social conditions that contribute to poor health and well-being outcomes.19, 22 To maintain healthy, livable and sustainable communities, residents must have a selection of attainable housing options for all ages and needs.4

 Recommendation 1: Leaders and decision makers (including municipal governments, not-for-profits, and volunteer groups) acknowledge the extent to which homelessness and risk for homelessness is an issue across our rural communities and use the language of homelessness prevention to access resources and supports.

 Recommendation 2: Use the data obtained in the survey to better understand the factors at play that contribute to homelessness and the types of supports required to prevent it.

 Recommendation 3: Develop collective understanding of the prevention framework and advocate for comprehensive approaches that address homelessness prevention.

 Recommendation 4: Sectors identify what role they can play in homelessness prevention across their communities and work collaboratively to support and advocate for policies and programs that reduce health inequities.

ACKNOWLEDGE UNDERSTAND THE HOMELESSNESS SCOPE

ADVOCATE FOR WORK COMPREHENSIVE COLLABORATIVELY APPROACHES

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities METHODOLOGY

housed in their community of choice close to their social support networks. Introduction In 2017, housing coalitions invited community  Support the community to meet the housing stakeholders to explore interest in conducting a housing needs of seniors, youth, single parents, women needs assessment across Shelburne, Yarmouth, Digby, requiring second stage housing, persons with Annapolis and Kings Counties. The region of West Hants accessibility needs, persons with mental health or addiction issues and persons with lower later joined our efforts. incomes.

A steering committee comprised of members from each  Provide knowledge and research to support a of the housing coalitions and other interested community shift from a crisis response to one that stakeholders co-developed the project proposal. Based emphasizes prevention. on an analysis of available housing data, known gaps in information and best practices/research, the project’s purpose, scope and approach were developed. The Scope of the Project  Survey the general public, service providers, and The Purpose of the Housing Needs stakeholders/developers to understand current Assessment and emerging housing needs across 20 municipal units.

 To increase our knowledge of affordable and  Gather first voice stories and perspective supportive housing needs and issues. regarding housing needs from the general  To engage the community to better understand public, vulnerable populations, services the local housing situation. providers, stakeholders/developers though community engagement sessions.  To generate reports with current data on housing needs relevant to our communities that  Analyse the collected housing data

can be used for planning, service delivery, and  Make recommendations for action funding proposals.  Generate reports as needed  To document the housing needs of all our citizens including vulnerable populations (women leaving domestic violence, youth, Geographic Partnerships seniors, LGBTQ, persons with disabilities, people The needs assessment target area covered 20 municipal experiencing homelessness). units and 6 counties across Western Nova Scotia. Counties were grouped into Geographic Areas. Municipalities from counties were grouped together into The Expected Benefits Geographic Partnerships. The Geographic Partnerships were formed between some municipal units to share  Gain a better understanding of the housing needs and challenges faced by people in our costs and meet minimum population requirements for community. data analysis, as defined by the housing coalitions. Population minimums were set at 6000 residents per  Inform municipalities, builders, service providers geographic partnership. See Table 1 below for more and others about what would help people find information. Each bullet in Table 1 represents the and keep the housing they need. geographic partnerships and any pairings with  Identify and document the supports needed for neighbouring municipalities. vulnerable populations to be successfully

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Geographic partnerships were asked to contribute analysis and reporting across all identified geographic towards the housing needs assessment to meet partnerships. The Canadian Mortgage and Housing budgeting commitments for data analysis and reporting. Corporation (CMHC) matched municipal funding A full list of funding partners is available on page 3 of this contributions and the Affordable Housing Association of report. Not all municipal units agreed to contribute to Nova Scotia (AHANS) also contributed towards data the needs assessment; Nova Scotia Advisory Council on analysis. the Status of Women covered shortfalls associated with these funding gaps to ensure comprehensive data

Table 1: Geographic Partnerships

Approximate Geographic Area County Geographic Partnership Population (2016 Census) Shelburne  Town of Lockeport, Town of Shelburne & 6,562 Municipality of Shelburne

 Municipality of Barrington & Town of Clark’s Harbour 7,404 Yarmouth  Municipality of Argyle 7,899 Tri-County  Town of Yarmouth 6,518

 Municipality of Yarmouth 9,845 Digby  Town of Digby, Municipality of Digby 9,167

8,018  Municipality of Clare Annapolis

 Town of Annapolis Royal, Town of Middleton & 20,575 Municipality of Annapolis

Kings  Municipality of Kings 47,404 Valley  Town of Wolfville & Town of Berwick 6,704

 Town of Kentville 6,271 Hants

 Town of Windsor & Municipality of West Hants 19,016

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Needs Assessment Development and Planning

Identification and Collection of Available Community Engagement Sessions Questions Data Sets and Approach Members of the steering committee developed a Data sets from the 2016 Census of Canada relevant to community engagement discussion guide to be used for the needs assessment were selected and gathered by collecting first voice stories of housing needs, successes members of the steering committee and included, where and challenges encountered by those living across the relevant, for comparison. needs assessment area. The community engagement discussion guide is also available on the website. Survey Questions and Approach A survey of the general public was determined to be the Three audiences were identified for participation in the best tool by which to gather responses, given the scope community engagement discussion sessions. Two of the assessment. This method of data collection was discussion group were held for service providers / selected because it would allow a range of residents to stakeholders; one in the Tri-County and one in the Valley. complete the survey on their own time; was cost A general discussion group was held in each county across the needs assessment area. Two focussed effective, and was easy to administer. discussion groups, targeting a variety of vulnerable The questions for the public survey were developed populations, were also held in each county. Community following review of housing assessments from other partners were approached to arrange and conduct the jurisdictions, the identification of local information discussion groups using the tool provided. needs, and through consultation with community The information gathered via the community partners and other stakeholders. All surveys were engagement sessions was used to provide context to the available in both French and English. data collected through existing sources and via the Three separate surveys were developed to collect surveys. Statistical analysis of the discussion group information, one for each of the three identified target responses was not part of the methodology. Discussion group responses were organized by steering committee audiences: the general public (any resident of the needs members to identify common ideas and illuminate assessment area); service providers and community community gaps and opportunities for action. volunteers (anyone providing supports and services to those facing housing challenges); and stakeholders (includes property owners, landlords, contractors, developers, real estate agents and others). COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PLAN To assess the clarity of the questions and the surveys’ ability to collect the needed information from respondents, the surveys were piloted with individuals from each target group. Feedback was sought regarding the literacy level and comprehension of questions and answers, ease of use, and accessibility to vulnerable populations. Adjustments were made where needed, based on feedback from pilot participants.

The surveys are available for download from the coalition’s shared website: http://www.daashgroup.com/

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Needs Assessment Implementation Data Collection: Community and Data Collection Engagement Sessions

Public Survey Data Collection, Promotion General Community Engagement Sessions One general community engagement session was held in and Distribution each county across the needs assessment area. The There were three options for completion of the survey. steering committee identified and approached It was available online, in paper form through project community partners to arrange, host and facilitate the partners who support vulnerable populations and with engagement session. Funding was provided to cover assistance via telephone, by calling a toll free number. costs including an honorarium per participant, childcare, The public survey was available for completion from facilitation, space and refreshments. October to December, 2017. Targeted Community Engagement Sessions Prior to the launch of the public survey, the steering Two targeted community engagement sessions were committee, in consultation with community partners, held in each county across the needs assessment area. identified contacts across the needs assessment area The steering committee identified partners that work that could help with the promotion and completion of with vulnerable populations. These partners were asked the survey. Steering committee members used to arrange, host and facilitate the community promotional materials such as posters, flyers, social engagement sessions, using relevant sections of the media, radio advertisements, newsletters, email, Community Engagement Discussion Guide (available on newspaper advertisements and personal contacts to the http://www.daashgroup.com website). Funding was promote and distribute the survey. Partners were provided to cover costs including an honorarium per provided with promotional materials, a handbook for participant, childcare, facilitation, space and supporting vulnerable persons to the complete survey, refreshments. paper copies of the survey and any other requested supports. Service Provider and Stakeholder Service providers and community volunteers were Community Engagement Sessions encouraged and supported to assist the public to Two service provider / stakeholder community complete the survey. Several provided one-on-one engagement sessions were planned, one in the Valley support to clients or went door-to-door encouraging and one in the Tri-County area. A Community Engagement Tool Kit for service providers was developed residents to participate. by the steering committee and is available on the Service Provider and Stakeholder Surveys coalition website. Travel stipends were available to assist organizations to participate and light snacks and Data Collection, Promotion and Distribution refreshments were provided. Not all sessions were The service provider and stakeholder surveys were completed at the time this report was released. available online only from November 2017 to January 2018. Prior to the launch of the service provider and stakeholder survey, the steering committee, in Note: Of community engagement session completed at consultation with community partners, identified the time of the release of this report, approximately 120 contacts across the needs assessment area to whom individuals provided their feedback. information about the needs assessment and the survey would be sent. Information regarding the needs assessment and the survey was directly sent to those identified groups and individuals, and disseminated through the networks of the project’s partners.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Housing Needs Assessment Response Rate Chart 1: Survey Response by County Public Survey (Total responses - 4,581) A total of 4,699 people responded to the housing needs assessment survey; 97.5% West Hants indicated where they lived (n=4,581). 7% Shelburne County Overall, 10% were youth under 25, 72% 11% were adults (26-64), and 18% were seniors over 65. The majority of respondents were Kings County female (78%), with 21% identifying as male 28% and the remaining 1% indicating they identified outside the gender binary 26% (transgender, gender variant, non- conforming, prefer not to say, or prefer to self-describe). Annapolis County Table 2 outlines the response rate to the 13% Digby County housing needs assessment survey by 15% geographic partnership.

Table 2: Total Needs Assessment Survey Responses Survey County Geographic Partnership Responses Targets

 Town of Shelburne, Municipality of 366 335 Shelburne County Shelburne, Town of Lockeport (519)  Municipality of Barrington, Town of Clark’s 363 184 Harbour  Town of Yarmouth 363 443 Yarmouth County 370 403 (1,213)  Municipality of Yarmouth 367  Municipality of Argyle 367 369 357 Digby County  Town of Digby, Municipality of Digby (691) 367  Municipality of Clare 334

Annapolis County  Town of Middleton, Town of Annapolis 378 581 (581) Royal, Municipality of Annapolis

382  Municipality of Kings 500 Kings County 364 290 (1,279)  Town of Wolfville, Town of Berwick 363  Town of Kentville 489

West Hants  Municipality of West Hants, Town of 377 298 (298) Windsor

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Service Provider and Stakeholder Surveys etc). As such, the decision was made to include as much of the data set as possible and use all responses A total of 36 Stakeholders (property owners, landlords, obtained, excluding only obvious outliers (e.g., rents of 1 realtors, contractors or property managers) responded to million per month). As a result, there may be data quality the stakeholder survey. A total of 134 service providers limitations within which our findings need to be responded to the service provider survey. interpreted.

Data Analysis In addition to the above limitation, the following factors may have also impacted data quality. Surveys Analysis of the data collected by the three surveys was  Other surveys were also happing across the completed by the Acadia Entrepreneurship Centre (AEC). geographic area: (1) The Community Health Board Steering Committee Members identified desired points (CHB) was conducting a survey in the Valley creating for analysis, and AEC produced survey data charts, cross some confusion on which survey was the “housing” tabulations, and reports. Horizons Community survey. The CHB also used a housing related logo on Development Associates Inc. was also commissioned to their survey. (2) The Municipality of Argyle launched assist with data analysis of the public survey. a housing survey targeted at seniors less than a year For the purposes of this report, only the data identified prior to launching this general survey. Survey as being related to issues of precarious housing, risk of fatigue within this specific group was expressed homelessness and homeless are presented. consistently.  The public survey may not have been accessible to Community Engagement Sessions all. Online access, paper copies, and telephone The intent of the community engagement sessions was support were available, however we recognize that to provide context to the data collected from existing barriers still existed for some people in our sources, and the surveys. As such, no formal analysis of communities. these stories was conducted. However, quotes and  Although the survey was targeted to the general themes from the community engagement sessions, public, those who had housing related needs or relating to precarious housing and homelessness, are concerns may have been more apt to respond to presented here to give voice to the lived experiences of the survey. housing insecurity and identify common housing  challenges across the needs assessment area. Not all In some communities, fewer service providers community engagement sessions related to the overall and/or champions were present to promote, needs assessment initiative were completed at the time distribute and assist others in participating in the this interim report was compiled. survey.  Because the survey was available and promoted Data Limitations online, there is no way to determine how many Part way through the public survey, a design flaw with surveys were distributed. In addition, it was possible the online survey “submit” button was discovered. Many for an individual to complete more than one survey. people answered all the questions but did not recognize Some respondents received one-on-one assistance they were required to submit their survey results on the and several different people were responsible for final page. Even by the end of this very long survey, 70% inputting paper survey results. had completed the final question but had not necessarily indicated they were submitting their responses. During Consequently, there may be data quality limitations the analysis phase, when we attempted to adjust for this within which the findings need to be interpreted. by including only “submitted” surveys, we realized that almost a third to a half of survey responses would be excluded, including most of our vulnerable responders (e.g., boarding, sleeping rough, couch surfing, seniors,

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities PRECARIOUS HOUSING & HOMELESSNESS

Housing and Homelessness in Rural Areas:

“Until recently, the thought that a person living in a rural environment in Canada could be homeless was not considered as a possibility for any significant number of people”

(Housing First in Rural Canada; Rural Homelessness and Housing First Feasibility across 22 Canadian Communities. 2014)

As described in the report “Housing First in Rural Canada: Rural Homelessness and Housing First Feasibility,” homelessness in rural areas tends to be invisible and looks different than in urban centers where it is highly visible.1 It is generally accepted that while some dynamics are similar in both rural and urban areas (mental health, addictions, domestic violence); homelessness tends to be hidden in rural communities. Those in need rely on informal networks to couch surf or double up, they sleep rough in unsafe dwellings, seasonal “cottages” and recreational trailers during all seasons. For these reasons, it is difficult to determine the exact extent to which the existence of homelessness is an issue.

In addition, rural housing tends to be largely single family dwellings, with some multi-unit dwellings available in slightly larger communities. Consequently there are fewer living units available and few developers willing to undertake building low cost affordable housing. Housing is often targeted at the more affluent stream and development of affordable units is limited.1

The added demands of living in a rural community impacts housing affordability and suitability and can make rural living more challenging than apartment or condo living, especially for the most vulnerable populations. (1) These added demands include tending to heat and utilities, few available services, snow removal, transportation, access to food and health services, etc. and create conditions that place residents in core housing need, at risk for homelessness, or homeless.

The Canadian Homeless Research network has developed definitions of homelessness that may be useful when considering how homelessness presents itself in rural communities:1

 Unsheltered: Staying in places that are not designed for or fit for human habitation. E.g., living in public or private spaces (sidewalks, parks, forests, vacant buildings) or living in places not intended for habitation (cars, garages, make shift shelters, shacks or tents).

 Emergency Sheltered: People who are technically homeless (they do not have permanent housing) but are accessing emergency shelter services including: overnight shelters, transition houses, youth shelters, emergency shelters in response to natural disasters, etc.

 Provisionally Accommodated: Accessing temporary and supported housing that offers no prospect of permanence. Including transitional housing, living temporarily with others, temporary rental

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities accommodations (motels, hostels, rooming houses, etc), people in institutional care who lack permanent housing (penal institutions, medical or mental health institutions, residential treatment programs, group homes, etc).

 Insecurely Housed: Individuals or families, whose current housing situations are dangerously lacking security or stability. They are “at-risk” of homelessness. For them, a single event, unexpected expense, crisis or trigger is all it may take for them to lose their housing. (e.g., precarious employment, sudden unemployment, facing eviction, severe untreated mental illness, addiction, substance use, breakdown in family relations, living in direct fear of violence and abuse).

 Precariously Housed: Individuals and families experiencing severe housing affordability problems, due to their income, the local economy, lack of available affordable housing. The income of these households is not sufficient to cover basic shelter and non-shelter costs.

“The inability of many individuals and families in Canada to obtain and pay for housing, and to maintain the housing they have, underlies much of the homelessness problem in Canada.” The State of Homelessness in Canada 2014 2

This project, “Housing: Now and Into the Future” needs assessment, has gathered information from a number of audiences, including the general public, service providers and stakeholders to support our understanding of the housing related issues our communities are facing. Based on the findings of the needs assessment, this report explores the extent to which people are struggling with housing insecurity and the potential risk for homelessness.

Typically, when attempting to understand the nature and scope of local homelessness, Point in Time Counts are used to establish baselines and as a standardized process for conducting homelessness counts.3

A Point-in-Time (PiT) count is a one-day snapshot of homelessness in shelters and on the streets within a community. A PiT count estimates how many people are experiencing homelessness in emergency shelters, in transitional housing and in unsheltered locations on the day of the count.3 It can also include people who are in health or corrections facilities like hospitals, detox centres, detention centres or jails; these people often have no place to go when they are released from these facilities.

Given the geography of our rural communities, the lack of homeless shelters, and the fact that homelessness continues to remain hidden, Point-in-Time (PiT) counts of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons were beyond the scope of this needs assessment.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Is Risk of Homelessness an Issue? The Canadian Definition of Homelessness defines individuals and families to be ‘at-risk’ of homelessness if their current housing situation lacks security or stability.2

“They are living in housing that is intended for permanent human habitation, and could potentially be permanent (as opposed to those who are provisionally accommodated). However, as a result of external hardship, poverty, personal crisis, discrimination, a lack of other available and affordable housing, insecurity of tenure and/or inappropriateness of their current housing (overcrowding, does not meet health and safety standards) residents may be “at risk” of homelessness.”

Additionally, many people are at-risk of homelessness because they are precariously housed as a result of economic and structural factors that make it difficult for them to maintain their housing, if not immediately, then at some point in the future.2 There are numerous reasons why people may be precariously housed, including eviction or the break-up of a relationship. However, the primary reason for housing precarity is affordability; the intersection of low incomes and high housing costs – which includes rent/mortgage payments as well as utilities, and in some cases, maintenance and taxes.

A standard measure of housing precarity is core housing need.4 This standard is provided by the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and defines a household as being in core housing need if it falls below at least one of the adequacy, affordability or suitability standards and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable.5 Extreme core housing need applies to those households paying more than 50% of their income on housing.

• Adequate housing does not require any major repairs, as reported by residents. Housing that is inadequate may have excessive mold, inadequate heating or water supply, significant damage, etc. ADEQUATE • Affordable dwellings cost less than 30% of total before-tax household AFFORDABLE income. Includes rent or mortgage and housing related costs and expenses (e.g., heat, electricity, taxes, etc). SUITABLE • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the resident household, according to National Occupancy Standard (NOS) requirements.

In Canada, housing is considered affordable if shelter costs account for less than 30 per cent of before-tax household income.5 The term "affordable housing" is often used interchangeably with "social housing"; however, social housing is just one category of affordable housing and usually refers to rental housing subsidized by the government.4

Affordable housing is a much broader term and includes housing provided by the private, public and not-for- profit sectors as well as all forms of housing tenure (ie. rental, ownership and cooperative ownership).4 It also includes temporary as well as permanent housing. In other words, the term "affordable housing" can refer to any part of the housing continuum from temporary emergency shelters through transition housing, supportive housing, subsidized housing, market rental housing or market homeownership.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

From a rural perspective, teasing apart the number of individuals impacted by these various types of housing insecurity is relatively difficult. Our housing collations attempted to obtain a sense of the number of residents who were “at-risk” for homelessness, in that their current residence lacks security or stability; including those precariously housed or provisionally accommodated.2 In so doing, the information obtained can also assist service providers to understand who is facing these housing challenges, the reasons behind their housing insecurity and the supports and services that would have the most impact towards homelessness prevention specific to our rural communities. Prevalence of Housing Insecurity

A total of 4,699 individuals responded to the Housing: Now and Chart 2: Into the Future survey. Of those, Housing Insecurity 98% (4,581) indicated within which Thinking about the next couple of years, can you keep community they currently lived. living where you are or will you have to move? Respondents were asked to consider No, I will have to move Not sure Yes, I can stay the stability and security of their 100% current living situation by “thinking about the next couple of years, can 90% you keep living where you are or will 80% 527 you have to move?” In total, 3,533 70% 2181 228 346 295 627 143 respondents answered this question 60% (75%). 50% Of those who responded to the 40% question, almost 40% (38.4%, 1,361 30% 219 767 83 168 130 108 52 respondents) indicated that they 20% could not continue to live where 10% 594 62 170 180 they were at or that they were 76 69 27 0% unsure if they could stay. The results All Shelburne Yarmouth Digby Annapolis Kings West of these responses were used to counties County County County County County Hants indicate individuals experiencing a level of housing insecurity or instability and to explore the barriers, challenges and needs of persons broadly described as insecurely or precariously housed and potentially at risk for homelessness.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Chart 2 highlights the breakdown of respondents indicating that their housing situation lacks security or stability by county. Across the 6 counties surveyed, approximately 40% of respondents consistently indicated that their housing situation was not stable. Depending on the personal factors at play and a general lack of alternative accommodations, it would appear that many people may be forced to live in housing that is neither affordable, suitable nor adequate for their needs and, as such, are precariously housed or at risk for homelessness.

Table 3 outlines the distribution of residents indicating housing insecurity by municipal unit and the corresponding prevalence of core housing need, by county, as reported by in the 2016 Census.6 From the responses received, it is clear that the issue of housing insecurity is prevalent across all areas of our rural communities surveyed.

Core Housing Need Table 3: Survey Respondents Experiencing Housing Insecurity by County. (2016 Census Data) (N=1,344) Owner Renter County Municipal Unit Number Town of Shelburne 47 Municipality of Shelburne 32 Shelburne County Town of Lockeport 13 9% 39% (145/373 respondents, 39%) Municipality of Barrington 44 Town of Clark’s Harbour 9 Town of Yarmouth 182 Yarmouth County Municipality of Yarmouth 114 11% 39% (389/916 respondents, 43%) Municipality of Argyle 91 Town of Digby 49 Digby County Municipality of Digby 74 11% 37% (206/552 respondents, 38%) Municipality of Clare 82 Town of Annapolis Royal 14 Annapolis County Town of Middleton 28 14% 44% (177/472 respondents, 38%) Municipality of Annapolis 133 Municipality of Kings 140 Kings County Town of Wolfville 79 12% 40% (348/975 respondents, 36%) Town of Berwick 18 Town of Kentville 108 Municipality of West Hants 54 14% 37% West Hants (79/222 respondents, 36%) Town of Windsor 25

Approximately 50% of survey respondents who indicated experiencing housing insecurity also indicated that they rented their accommodations; 40% indicated they owned their home and the remainder had other living arrangements. It may be important to note that despite the variance in the prevalence of core housing need between home owners and renters, because owned single family dwellings make up the majority of housing stock in our rural communities, these percentages tend to represent close to the same number of actual households. In terms of the actual number of households in core housing need, almost as many home owners as renters are experiencing core housing need.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities For example, in Yarmouth County 74% of homes are owned, 11% experience core housing need. This represents approximately 880 owned households in core housing need. Correspondingly, 25% of homes are rented and 39% experience core housing need. This represents approximately 1,050 rented homes in core housing need. The actual number or renters compared to home owners experiencing core housing need are therefore quite close, 880 vs 1,050. This holds true across most of our rural communities, where home ownership tends to represented more than 80% of housing tenure. In comparison, our towns tend to have a more even distribution of owners compared to renters, where approximately 50% of households rent. In urban centers like Halifax or Dartmouth, many of the census sub-divisions have rental accommodates exceeding 80% of household.

As with most rural communities, visible homelessness is only the “tip of the iceberg” of what is a much larger and critical, safe and affordable housing problem across Canada and throughout our local communities.7 Numerous studies have shown that many households are forced to live in overcrowded, substandard housing and regularly make the choice between paying rent and feeding their children. Both the prevalence of core housing need as defined in the census data and the percentage of survey respondents reporting housing stability issues represent the part of the housing iceberg that is below the surface of the “precarious housing iceberg” diagram.

“Homelessness is a problem much larger than the number of people counted on the streets or in shelters.” 7 Figure 1: The Precarious Housing Iceberg Putting an End to Child & Family Homelessness in Canada.7

In addition to describing housing insecurity in our communities, it is important to pay attention to the warning signs that compound the problem of housing insecurity. These warning signs point to a larger portion of the population struggling with poverty, high housing costs and poor nutrition and are also indicative of homelessness risk.7 (See Figure 1) As indicated in Map 1, 2016 Census Data illustrates a higher than average prevalence of poverty across our communities. Statistics Canada provides detailed subdivision census data using the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). The LIM-AT measures the percent of households earning less than 50% of the median adjusted household income. The term adjusted indicates that household size is taken into account, reflecting the fact that a household of six has greater needs than a household of two.8

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities The 2017 Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in Nova Scotia presents the most recent data regarding the magnitude of child and family poverty in Nova Scotia.9 The data shows that NS has the highest child poverty rates of the Atlantic Provinces and the rural communities surveyed as part of this assessment have some of the highest rates in the province. The highest rates are predominantly found within our towns where rental accommodations and services are most likely to be centralized.

Of the 6 counties surveyed, the highest overall poverty rates are found in the Town of Yarmouth and Town of Digby (33%), the Town of Middleton “I just moved this summer after my previous (31%), the Annapolis Subdivision B and Town of house sold. I have moved 2 times in the last 2 Windsor (28%) as well as the Town of Shelburne (27%).10 Children 0-5 years and seniors 65+ tend to years because of the house [I was renting] was experience the highest rates of poverty as compared being sold. I looked for 4 months to find suitable to other age groups. The census map illustrates the housing this time and had to spend the previous range of overall poverty using the LIM-AT measure summer in a camper because of a lack of across our communities where the Municipality of availability of affordable housing and/or being the District of Argyle represented the lowest denied because of the age of my children.” prevalence at 13% and the Towns of Yarmouth and Digby represent the highest overall prevalence at Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments 33%. Child poverty rates for children 0-5 are highest in the Town of Digby at 59%, followed by the Town of Yarmouth and the Town of Middleton at 56%. Map 1: Prevalence of low income based on the Low- Across the population in general, approximately 1 in income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)10 5 people meet LIM-AT criteria and, as such, are strained to meet a basic standard of living needs.

In the Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in NS, Dr. Leslie Frank reminds us that poverty is not just a measure of inadequate income.9 “Poverty is felt. It is a social condition manifested in the struggle to afford the cost of housing, food, childcare, clothing and transportation in the face of low wages, precarious work, discrimination, and inadequate public services. Poverty creates personal and social deficits that are felt within families and by society because it limits children’s ability to grow up healthy and develop to their full potential.” Poverty costs us all. Income, housing, and food security are essential for the wellbeing and social and economic prosperity of our communities. The impact of poverty cannot be underestimated.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Who Is Experiencing Housing Insecurity? Age

All age groups were represented in the distribution of Chart 3: Distribution by Age of those who reported experiencing a level of housing Respondents Experiencing Housing insecurity. Chart 3 outlines the distribution by age of Instability (n=1,347) those who indicated experiencing housing insecurity.

The overall age distributions indicate that individuals Seniors across the entire lifespan are impacted by some level of Youth (65+) 17% housing insecurity. Adults of childrearing age make up 17% the greatest proportion of individuals indicating that they either had to move or were not sure they could stay housed where they currently resided. Over half Adults (50-64 yrs) Adults (26-49 yrs) (51%) of the respondents indicating a level of housing 26% insecurity also indicated having dependants; either 40% children (62%), adults 16-64 years (27%), or seniors (11%), living with them and relying on them for support.

A recent study published in the Journal of Pediatrics, found that caregivers of young children in low- income unstable housing are subjected to significant negative health effects, becoming two times more likely than those in stable housing to be in fair or poor health, and almost three times more likely to report depressive symptoms.11 Children aged four and under in these families had almost a 20 percent increased risk of hospitalization, and over a 25 percent increased risk of developmental delays. Ensuring access to safe and affordable housing for families across our communities is important to ensuring children can develop to their full potential.

Chart 4 below further defines groups by age and highlights the percentage in which respondents from each group reported being insecurely housed. In general, youth were more likely than any other age group to indicate housing insecurity. Approximately 63% of youth who responded to the question on housing security indicated that they either had to move or were unsure if they could stay housed in their current residence much longer. Housing security was reported as an issue for 38% of seniors over 65 years. In comparison, 35% of adults (26-64 years) reported that their current living situation lacked security.

Seniors and adults approaching their senior years pose a different challenge as their housing needs change. To maintain healthy, livable and sustainable communities, residents must have a selection of attainable housing options across the life span. Seniors were more likely to indicate that there wasn’t enough of the kind of housing they required (34%) as well as a desire to stay housed close to where they currently resided if they had to move (82%). Interestingly, for all age groups, youth through to adulthood, staying close to where they currently resided was somewhat or very important for over 75% of respondents. People across the life span want to stay in their communities, but often cannot find appropriate housing options that allow them to do so.

Meeting the demand to stay successfully housed in our rural communities will require adaptations to existing housing, home maintenance and support services (including personal care) from family, friends and neighbours, and increased reliance on both government and private service providers.12 The preference to stay housed in

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities rural communities also means providing a full continuum of housing choices in terms of location, forms of housing, types of tenure, living arrangements and range of support services that would allow older adults to continue to live independently and participate in their community for as long as possible. Without these supports, existing housing stock is neither suitable, adequate nor affordable for many seniors, placing them in core housing need. Vulnerable Groups

The 2010 House of Commons report on poverty identified 10 groups that were most at risk of experiencing low income: children, lone-parent families (particularly female lone-parent families), women, unattached individuals, seniors, Aboriginal people, people with disabilities, recent immigrants, visible minorities, and low- wage workers.13

When self-identified group affiliation of survey respondents was considered, some groups indicated a greater incidence of housing insecurity than others. Chart 4 illustrates the percentage of those who identified as being insecurely housed in relation to their identified group affiliation.

When considering gender, the prevalence of survey respondents experiencing housing insecurity did not vary greatly. Approximately 26% of males and 30% of females reported that their current housing situation was insecure. A greater proportion of individuals identifying outside the gender binary (including transgender, gender variant, non-conforming, self-described or preferring not to say) reported being insecurely housed (44%).

Chart 4: Percentage of Respondents Reporting Housing Insecurity by Group Affiliation 90%

79% 80%

70% 64% 63% 61% 59% 60% 57% 49% 50%

38% 40% 35%

30%

20%

10%

0% Leaving or Single Parent Youth (15-24 Living with Person with Living with LGBTQ Senior (65+) Adult (26-64 living in an yrs) addiction a disability mental yrs) abusive health relationship challenges

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Income and Employment

One of the primary reasons for housing precarity is affordability.2 As anticipated, individuals with Chart 5: Income Distribution of Respondents lower income levels represented the largest Experiencing Housing Insecurity (n=1,346) proportion of those experiencing housing insecurity; 61% of respondents reporting housing insecurity indicated before-tax household 10% 0-$19,999 incomes below $40,000 per year (Chart 5). 4% 4% 32% $20,000-$39,999 Noteworthy, is that a 2-income household 8% working full-time (40 hours per week) at minimum $40,000-$59,999 wage ($10.85 per hour) would have an annual 13% $60,000-$79,999 income of just slightly over $40,000. Presumably, 29% any additional external hardship, personal crisis, illness, household repair, or inability to find alternative affordable and suitable housing could contribute to creating conditions whereby households would struggle to keep and maintain the housing they have. Although it is commonly believed that a two earner household should be able to meet their families’ basic needs, including safe and “If heat was not included I would suitable housing, increasingly the evidence suggests that full time not be able to afford it for sure. I employment is no longer synonymous with security in meeting those am barely making it and I work full basic needs. time.”

Of survey respondents reporting housing insecurity, 36% indicated  having a full-time job, 35% received government transfers (income “It’s really hard to get ahead if assistance, disability pension, CPP/QPP, old age security, workers you are a homeless youth. If you compensation, employment insurance benefits), 18% had a part-time are lucky enough to find a place job, 16% received child tax-benefit and 13% had retirement income. to live, you have to work 40+ Much of the evidence on the failure of employment to provide a route hours a week to afford it. You out of poverty has focused on the increase in precarious employment don’t have money left over for or a general shift from full-time permanent jobs to more temporary food or any extras. You can’t part-time jobs, with irregular hours, low wages and few, if any, work 40+ hours a week and go to benefits.14 Income instability has been found to be a serious stressor on school. You can never get household well-being and may also interfere with community ahead.” participation. Not knowing where your income is going to be in the near future makes it hard to commit to family or community activities Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments that might require future expenses.15

Lewchuk et al., found that individuals with precarious employment earned 46% less and reported household incomes that were 34% lower than those in secure employment. Their research also indicated that a household income of $40,000 appeared to mark an important transition whereby people earning less than this and in precarious employment reported moderate to severe deprivation in meeting their basic needs.15

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities The 2015 report on Participatory Food Costing further illustrates the challenges faced by different groups (seniors, families, persons with disabilities, persons receiving income assistance) to meet their basic needs.28 Affordability scenarios are provided for different household circumstances and indicate that, if they included a basic nutritional diet in their monthly expenses, most would be between $510-$986 dollars in deficit each month. The report concludes that both minimum wage and current Income Assistance rates are inadequate and unacceptable as they leave low-income households with a large monthly deficit. Households simply cannot afford to meet a basic standard of living that includes both adequate housing and a nutritious diet.

When comparing the incomes of those who indicated being securely housed with those experiencing housing insecurity, similar trends appear in our local data whereby income levels of $40,000 and below mark an important transition for the likelihood of being insecurely housed. Chart 6 illustrates the percentage of respondents in each income bracket that identified as either securely or insecurely housed.

Housing insecurity is reported as an issue at all income levels, indicating that affordability is not the only reason households may be in core housing need. Other reasons reported by survey respondents include requiring one- story accommodation or minimal step up, lacking accessibility features, not being able to keep up with household repair or maintenance, difficulty finding alternative and suitable accommodations regardless of income, house being too large or too small, etc.

Chart 6: Annual Income by Housing Security

Insecurely Housed (n=1,346) Securely Housed (n=2,167)

12% Did not specify income 19%

61% 0-$39,999 33%

13% $40,000-$59,999 15%

7% $60,000-$79,999 14%

4% $80,000-$99,999 13%

4% $100,000 + 19%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Housing Costs Of survey respondents experiencing housing insecurity, 47% indicated that they were living in a house or apartment that they rent. Renters typically face a much bigger affordability hurdle than owners.16 Renter households typically have annual incomes that are, on average, about half of those of owner households. This is represented in the prevalence of core housing need and housing insecurity among renters. Renters are much more likely to experience core housing need than owners.

As described earlier, given that the majority of properties across our communities are owned, the actual number of home owners impacted by housing insecurity are similar to the number of renters. Home owners also face affordability issues but are often placed into core housing need when they can no longer afford large repairs or their homes are no longer suitable in size or accessibility.

Chart 7 outlines the average cost of housing reported by survey participants who provided an answer to the cost of housing question across geographic partnerships (see page 6 geographic partnership descriptions). Total participant averages are labeled along with the range (high and low) for each housing tenure type across the 12 geographic partnerships surveyed. Average housing costs are also provided for respondents who indicated either being securely or insecurely housed.

Chart 7: Average Monthly Cost of Housing by Tenure

Board Rent Own

$1,050 $1,022 $1,000 $950 $900 $850 $818 $800 $778 $750 $700 $650 $627 $600 $548 $550 $504 $500 $450 $428 $400 $350 $300 $261 $250 $200 $150 $114 $100 $50 $-

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities No respondents in the Chart 8: Average Monthly Cost of Housing by Tenure Shelburne or Barrington area 2016 Census Data by County provided cost of boarding amounts. These numbers Rent Own provide an estimate for what $1,002 survey respondents indicated $1,000 $936 as their current housing costs $900 $777 at the time of the survey. In $800 $718 $811 some cases these vary from $700 $658 $657 $780 $698 the averages obtained in the $673 $600 $640 2016 Census Data. As a $608 $500 general comparison, the $400 average rents and mortgages $300 by county are provided below $200 (Chart 8) as indicated in the 2016 Census Data. Boarding $100 comparisons for Census $- Shelburne Yarmouth Digby County Annapolis King's County West Hants Subdivisions are not available County County County from Statistics Canada.

Chart 9 outlines the cost of utilities of all survey respondents compared to those who indicated they were either insecurely or securely housed. Overall, the cost of utilities varied very little across these groups.

For 9% percent of all respondents, their utilities were included as part of their housing cost (all-inclusive). In comparison, this percentage rose to 18% for those identified as experiencing housing insecure and was as low as 7% for those identified as housing secure.

Chart 9: Average Cost of Utilities per Month

Insecurely Housed Securely Housed All Respondents

$261.00 Heat and Electricity are one bill $258.00 $264.00

$175.00 Electricity Costs $179.00 $181.00

$240.00 Heating Costs $231.00 $239.00

$- $50.00 $100.00 $150.00 $200.00 $250.00

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Quotes - Housing Affordability

“I cannot afford to buy oil; my house needs repairs and my roof in my garage has collapsed.”

“I am terrified about my retirement. Being a homeowner has taken all of my financial resources so I have not saved for my retirement and I will still have a mortgage.”

“The majority of rentals in this area are older uninsulated buildings, heated by electric heat which is very expensive and the rent is very high. There is a real need for clean and suitable housing.”

“I am here by myself in this big house. I cannot do the repairs. I cannot afford the repairs. I will need to move out in the next few years. Right now there is no suitable housing.”

“My electrical needs upgrading and I can’t afford it. With three kids and both parents working, it’s just cutting the bills so there is no money left over for housing needs.”

“I know of a senior who is on such a tight budget that she had to cash in her life insurance in order to pay her property taxes. Her budget didn’t account for a car that broke down and needed significant repairs. She wants to stay in her house and is capable of staying there but can barely afford to stay there.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Living Arrangements Chart 10: Living Arrangements of Respondents General Experiencing Housing Instability (n=1335) Of those who identify being in a situation 1% 3% 2% where they either could not stay where they were housed or they were unsure of the Renting 8% stability of their housing tenure, almost half Own Home indicated being renters (Chart 10). Home Living with Family owners nevertheless represented 39% of respondents experiencing housing insecurity 47% Homeless and half of those indicated being in their own Supportive Housing home with no mortgage. It is important to 39% Other Arrangement reiterate that not all factors contributing to housing insecurity are related solely to the cost of housing.

After renting or owning, living with family (either rent free or boarding) made up the greatest portion of alternate living arrangements. Respondents were not asked to specify what their “other arrangements” were.

As indicated in Chart 11 below, the distribution of survey respondents’ living arrangements by age across geographic areas varied in similar ways. It is clear that overall, youth are much more apt to have “other arrangements” that they do not classify as renting, owning, boarding, couch surfing or as part of supportive housing services. Youth in the Tri-Counties (Shelburne, Yarmouth and Digby) were more likely to live in “other

Chart 11: Living Arrangements By Age And Geography (N=3780)

Renting Own Home (with a mortgage) Own Home (no mortgage) Other Living Arrangement

SENIORS (65+) 18% 22% 58% 2%

A D U L T S ( 2 6 - 6 4 Y R S ) 25% 52% 19% 5% W E S T H A N T S

Y O U T H ( 1 5 - 2 5 Y R S ) 55% 14% 2% 29% ANNAPOLIS, KINGS,

SENIORS (65+) 26% 10% 61% 3%

A D U L T S ( 2 6 - 6 4 Y R S ) 31% 43% 22% 4% SHELBURNE,

Y O U T H ( 1 5 - 2 5 Y R S ) 40% 13% 2% 45% YARMOUTH, DIGBY

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities arrangements” than youth in the Valley (Annapolis, Kings, and West Hants). More youth in the Valley indicated that they were living in rental accommodations.

Senior’s accounted for the largest proportion of individuals who own their home with no mortgage. The majority of adults between 26-64 years, approximately 70%, indicated that they lived in their own homes, with mortgages. Homelessness

A total of 30 individuals surveyed identified as being homeless, either couch surfing or Chart 12: Income Levels of Individuals sleeping rough on the streets. An additional Experiencing Homelessness (n=44) 14 individuals indicated they were staying in supportive housing which includes youth shelters or transition houses. See Chart 10 above. Less than $10,000 14% Incidences of homelessness were not isolated $10,000 to $29,999 to one area, all counties surveyed had 12% 41% respondents who indicated that they were $30,000 to $59,999 currently couch surfing, homeless or living in a shelter. Reported incomes of those identified Don’t know / Prefer 33% as currently homeless ranged from “no not to say income” up to $50,000-$59,000 income bracket (See Chart 12). Half of those reporting incomes of less than $10,000 had no income at all.

Of those who indicated they were experiencing homelessness, approximately half identified that the reason for their living situation was that they simply had “no other options”. Nearly 64% indicated they had dependants; either children, adults or seniors who relied on them for support (the majority of these were children, but not all). For those living in shelters or transition houses, 80% said the reason they were living there was because it was safe, all indicated having children.

Homelessness and risk of homelessness is likely a much larger than expected issue across our rural communities. The stories of past or present homelessness, risk of homelessness and of being forced to stay in deplorable conditions to avoid homelessness were overarching themes at the targeted community engagement sessions conducted. The quotes provided below provide a glimpse into what individuals who are experiencing homelessness are facing. These quotes were graciously gathered as either comments to the survey or during community engagement sessions.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Quotes – Experiencing Homelessness

“I can’t tell you about my living situation. Because if I do, you will have to do something about it and I will be homeless.”

“I could not afford rent or utilities to have my “When you lose your place to live at a family live in a place of our own” young age you fall behind. You go into the real world when you aren’t ready. You “I am FORCED to SHARE a room!! can’t go to school or university. You have I live in fear of roommates.” to find a job and be an adult when you are

supposed to be a kid.”

“I am a beggar. I'm homeless.”

“I literally can't stay here - it's a camper” “I have an abusive dad and mom and didn't feel safe the way he was going “Homeless youth are not all terrible people. off. For now, I live in a youth shelter.” We haven’t all been kicked out of our houses because we are terrible. Some of us had to “I was living with my grandparents and got leave. Being a homeless youth changes you kicked out. I’ve lived in a tent, in a card forever. Everyone judges you. It’s unfair.” board box with newspaper to keep the damp off and with nothing over my head. I have “The best place I have lived is in my car, been hungry. I dumpster dive for food. I have it’s quiet and I have my own space” been beaten up. It’s ok outside in the summer but it’s worse in the winter.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

“I was kicked out for late rent and ended up in an impossible situation. My husband lost his job and we lived in a tent as we were not permitted to live with family.”

“Me and my boyfriend are couch surfing right now. We are babysitting in return for a place to stay. Food is supposed to be included, but there is not much-we are hungry. There are drugs that we shouldn’t be around. We would be homeless if we weren’t couch surfing. We lived on the street over the summer and left our stuff under a tree and it got stolen. My boyfriend can’t hold a job because of his mental illness.”

“I know an elderly person who is living with a family member but does not want to be there because of elderly abuse - He has nowhere else to go.”

Results from the service provider survey also indicate that housing challenges, including “Our local church was trying to help an individual homelessness, are impacting service delivery. that was homeless. They housed him in a local motel Approximately 55% of service providers thinking it would only take a day or so to get him the indicated that housing was a problem for half to help he needed. The system was so convoluted that almost all their clients (Chart 13). Overall, it took them over a month to get him housed. During approximately 55% also indicated providing that whole time they fed and housed him.” services to clients experiencing homelessness.

“Income Assistance needs an adult to be a

Chart 13: What % of your client base trustee for youth (under 19) to access do you estimate has any type of programs and services.” housing problem? (n=128)

About 1/4 About 1/2 About 3/4 Almost All “Women are living in inappropriate living conditions, “trading favors” to get by and keep their housing.”

“We don’t have shelters in our community so 15% people either have to leave their supports (or what 8% 45% they know) and go elsewhere to access housing. Sometimes they’ll do things that are harmful in 32% order to stay housed.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities The main factors identified by service providers as reasons their clients may be refused a place to live were; pets (64%), receiving social assistance or their client’s reputation (63%), and mental illness (60%).

When service providers were asked what would have helped, their responses included:

 Someone to help ensure rent is paid on time,  Someone to help tenants get along with Chart 14: Reasons for Living Arrangements others, by Housing Security and Stability  Someone to connect tenants to the supports 80% they need, 70%  Having someone who can check in on tenants. 60% 50% Reason for Living Arrangements 40% When respondents were asked why they chose to 30% live where they were living, those indicating a level 20% of housing insecurity were more likely to indicate 10% that they simply had no other options (Chart 14). 0% Those securely housed were nearly twice as likely to No other I choose to It's safe It's close to be in their living arrangements out of choice. They option live here family and most frequently reported that the reason they lived friends there was because it was safe or close to their social Securely Housed (n=2131) Insecurely housed (n=1296) support networks. A benefit not as often familiar to those indicating they were insecurely housed.

As indicated by respondents, housing insecurity is associated with fewer options, and less choice or “I have been attacked in every apartment I have autonomy in where they might opt to live. lived in. Being alone is nerve wracking”

As such, 30% of respondents who reported being “I only had chips, pop, instant coffee and toast for 2 insecurely housed indicated that their living years. It was all I could afford. My house was freezing, situation was either not very good (23%) or awful damp and cold. It was really bad for my asthma. (7%). Only 3% of those securely housed indicated that they felt either not very good or awful about “I lived in a house that was condemned for two their living situation. years and I paid rent. There were rodents and In addition, 32% of respondents who reported mold, the chimney was falling down, and the housing insecurity also reported having someone stairs were not safe.” living in their home with a disability. In comparison, only 17% of respondents who were securely housed “I could only sleep in my bedroom for the first had someone living in their home with a disability. month I was there. There was a leak and black mold Housing options able to accommodate persons with grew. The landlord did not fix it. I had to sleep in the disabilities are limited in our rural communities living room after that. I had nowhere else to go” further contributing to housing insecurity for this Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments vulnerable group.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities The relationship that exists between poor housing (or a lack of housing) and poor mental and physical health is well-documented.17 From structural to social issues, there are a variety of concerns that surface including density of housing; internal conditions (such as dampness, heat, and air conditions); the presence of contaminants, vermin, or pests; special needs, supports, and resources critical for the sustainability of housing for vulnerable populations; and prolonged stressors.

Of survey respondents indicating housing insecurity, 20% identified that they were also living with mental health challenges. In comparison, for those securely housed, the prevalence of living with a mental health challenge fell to 8%. Comments obtained from community engagement sessions also supported the negative impact housing conditions, and the lack of alternative options, was having on mental and physical health.

For individuals with mental illness, affordable and supportive housing options have been found to reduce hospitalizations, psychiatric symptoms and substance use while increasing freedom, privacy, dignity and safety.18 Supportive housing has been shown to improve recovery for people with mental illness including those with long histories of hospitalizations and challenging behaviours and is far more cost effective overall.17,18

In terms of the general population, a lack of adequate affordable housing has many community health impacts and often forces people to seek any form of “I'm living in assisted housing right now because shelter, compromising their health and well-being.19, 20 of my inability to afford a decent place for Excessive rent or housing costs also create financial myself and 2 children. Even though I work full burdens that contribute to hunger, mental stress, time and babysit for extra money, I do not make harsh parenting, overcrowding, isolation and crime. enough to cover what rent would cost in a Communities that promote integrated, affordable decent place. So we are stuck in a neighborhood housing choices through the design of their built with drug addicts and intoxicated neighbors environments, by encouraging safe and affordable who think it's funny to make completely housing development and promoting integrated rental, inappropriate sexual comments to me in front subsidized and market housing options, can break of my children. down the social conditions that contribute to poor health and well-being outcomes.19, 22 I could afford a low mortgage payment (which If housing is not well integrated in the community, is much less than rent), but nobody will look at people with lower incomes often end up living in areas me for a mortgage because of my student load. of the community with reduced access to transportation, social support networks, community I feel completely stuck. I wish there was a services, and amenities.21 Ironically, these are often the whole neighborhood of safe housing specifically same lower income and more vulnerable populations for single Mom's.” who would have the most benefits to gain from accessing these “public goods” in terms of their health and social outcomes. The inequitable socioeconomic “I don’t know what will happen here distribution of substandard housing reflects underlying day to day – the stress is awful!” disparities in income, assets, and power; without Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments interventions, supports or policy changes, tenants are often powerless to improve their housing conditions.20

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Figure 1 below illustrates the relationship between housing and health and the interplay of factors such as the local housing context and social and economic inequities (shaped by social, economic, and housing policies), which influence people’s living conditions and, in turn, impact health and health equity.31, 32

Housing affordability, quality (of the dwelling and neighbourhood), stability and security are key dimensions that are important for health and health equity.31 As indicated in the report, Housing and Health: Unlocking Opportunity, these dimensions are not entirely congruent with Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation’s (CMHC) core housing need measure. Specifically, ‘core housing need’ misses key dimensions of the neighbourhood (i.e. constrained choice and poor conditions) and housing instability that are central to the housing issues faced by low income people and important determinants of health.

Figure 2: Housing and Health (from Housing: A Basic Human Right)32

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Quotes – Repair and Maintenance Quotes - Health and Wellbeing

“When looking for our house last year, it was hard to find one in our price range that didn't

need a ton of major repairs. I'm pretty happy where I live now but in the future, I will have to “My landlord sexually harasses me.” move to a one-level home. Recently I have gone

from a 2-income earning house to 1-income so I am finding it difficult to stay afloat. Soon, I will “There are rats in the walls and basement. I probably have to move to a home where I don't have to buy traps and poison with what little have to do repairs myself.” money I have left.”

“I would stay in my home if I could pay for “My landlord comes in whenever he feels like it – the fixes- roof, windows, bathroom, etc... even when I am in the shower. He told me that he can come in whenever he likes and that I should But I can't afford to have them fixed so I just put a towel on. It has made me really nervous will have to move to someplace I can and I find it hard to sleep sometimes worrying that afford.” he might come in.”

“The house does not need a lot of repairs, “I had to move out of my rental because the but as an older home it is always in need of something. Finding trades people who will power was shut off – the power was supposed come and do the work is the problem. No to be included. I was out for two months and one wants to come for smaller jobs.” still had to pay rent. Rats chewed my mattresses up while I was gone.” “Just really hard as a single mom to keep up on a house, it's a lot of work and money. I find it “I have a person living with me because I can’t get very hard when something breaks down power in my own name. I don’t want them living because I am unable to fix it and I have to with me, but I have no choice. They are homeless always hire someone, which gets expensive. so I guess I am doing something good – keeping My property taxes are so high as well and they them off the street. I don’t charge them anything keep going up each year.” because they don’t have any money, but it is costing me.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments “It’s different for girls, we have to do things for food, for a place to stay”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comment

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Reasons Living Arrangements are Unsatisfactory

Although affordability is one of the main factors influencing housing security and core housing need, there are many other factors that contribute to creating conditions whereby housing is neither adequate nor suitable. As indicated in Chart 15, for respondents experiencing housing insecurity, contributing factors towards why an individual’s housing may be unsatisfactory included; the homes condition and need for maintenance or repair, the amount of room or space, privacy, safety, accessibility, and distance from services (stores, medical, grocery, laundry).

Chart 15: Reasons a Living Situation is Unsatisfactory (n=1,347)

Insecurely Housed Securely Housed

39%

26%

25%

25%

16%

15%

15%

14%

9%

7%

6%

5%

2% 2%

C O N D I T I O N THE PRICE OR A M O U N T O F A M O U N T O F SAFETY UNACCESSIBLE D I S T A N C E ( N E E D F O R COST R O O M O R PRIVACY F O R N E E D S FROM SERVICES REPAIR) SPACE

FEELING AWFUL OR NOT VERY GOOD about their living situation 30% vs 3% Insecurely housed individuals are 10X more likely to feel ‘awful or not very good’ about their housing situation.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities For respondents who indicated they were securely housed, similar reasons surfaced as factors for why they may dislike where they are living, simply in much smaller proportions. As previously reported, securely housed respondents generally indicated that they had a choice in where they were living and options available to them.

Securely housed individuals are more likely to be in a position to be able to find and maintain suitable Chart 16 : How do you feel about your current housing situation? housing, assuming their financial circumstances and general health remains stable. As such, only 3% Insecurely Housed Securely Housed indicated feeling ‘awful or not very good’ about their housing situation compared to 30% of insecurely Good / Very Good 48% housed individuals. The majority of individuals 92% securely housed feel good about their current living Neiter 22% situation (92%) compared to only half of those 5% insecurely housed (Chart 16). Awful / Not very Good 30% Repair and Maintenance 3%

Consistently, regardless of housing security, the 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% condition (need for maintenance or repair) of homes was of concern to many individuals (21% of all respondents) and of concern for a larger proportion of “It is not my home. My parents rent and I board respondents than mortgage or rental costs alone. with them. The home is old and needs fixing. The Nearly 40% of individuals identified as insecurely stairs are too much for my parents now. It took a housed listed the need for maintenance or repair as lot to get the landlord to fix the railings and stairs. the reason their living situation is unsatisfactory. It takes a lot of money to heat. We have been Survey participant responses highlighted the impact looking for a cheaper home to rent for years but that the condition of their homes is having on their rent is expensive here. I lived in cheaper health and well-being (see section quotes). accommodations with heat in Halifax. Tired of Statistics Canada, 2016 Census Data results indicate living like this. I won't be able stay here and help that for our rural communities (Shelburne through to my parents” Windsor), 37% of homes were built before 1960 and 11% are in need of major repair. The census maps “Someone started a fire three times in the below indicate the percentage of homes in need for stairwell of my building and there were no major repair by census subdivision. King’s County had fire alarms or smoke detectors to warn us” the fewest homes requiring major repair (9%) as well as the fewest homes built before 1960 (26%). “Mold causing respiratory infections – so I had Annapolis County represents the top of the range with to move. I was struggling because I did not 13% of homes requiring major repair and the greatest have the money to move, but I had to.” percentage of homes build before 1960 (44%). The Statistics Canada definition for major repairs was “I was concerned for my kid’s safety when I included in the survey and is described as “critical had to use rat poison” repairs to electrical, heating or water systems, or to structures such as walls, floors, ceilings; or major Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments replacements such as a new roof or external siding.”

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Of survey respondents who indicated they were insecurely housed, 19% also indicated that their homes required major repair, this percentage was consistent regardless of whether they rented or owned their home. In comparison, 8% of those identified as securely housed indicated their home required major repair. When all survey participants were considered, the results aligned with the reported 2016 Census Data of 11% requiring major repair.

Map 2: Need for major repair across the geographic area

Housing Nova Scotia offers programs to help lower income households rent and maintain safe and affordable housing. For homeowners, they offer grants and loans for home repairs and additions and they offer mortgage funds and grants to help purchase or build modest houses. For landlords, they offer financial assistance to upgrade the condition of existing rental units, and fund repairs and modifications to help ensure Nova Scotians have access to affordable housing.

In 2017, Housing Nova Scotia approved almost 8 million ($7,717,498) in grants and loans in the Western Region (Valley, Tri-County and South Shore). This included $6,091,751 in grants and loans to home owners and $1,395,247 in forgivable loans to landlords. Despite these significant investments in preserving affordable housing infrastructure, access to grants, long waiting lists and the poor condition of affordable housing continue to be identified as issues in our rural communities, illustrating the scope of the need in this area as well as an inability for many to afford the necessary repairs required to maintain their homes.

In addition to having many homes requiring major repair, we also have an aging population. This can also be illustrated in the overall age of household maintainers by census subdivision. Overall, approximately 57% of all homes are maintained primarily by individuals 55 years or older (range: as low as 47% in Clark’s Harbour and as high as 76% in Annapolis Royal). The age of household maintainer (Mar 3) colours each area depending on the age of the primary household maintainer. Households are divided into 3 age groups and the colours are mixed depending on the proportion of households in each group in each area – Red shades indicate household maintainers 55 years and over; blue shades are 35 to 54 years; green shares are those below 35 years.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Map 3: Age of Household Maintainer

The condition of existing housing stock, age of primary maintainer and the costs of maintaining and repairing older homes will likely continue to impact housing security in our communities across all age groups. Older homes that are difficult to heat and maintain become financial burdens that impact core housing need across the life span and will continue to be a significant factor for risk of homelessness.

Rental Properties

The condition of rental units and the difficulty tenants experience in having their units repaired or maintained was a theme in both survey respondent quotes and in community engagement sessions. Of those insecurely housed, 36% of renters felt awful or not very good about their housing situation, compared to 16% of insecurely housed home owners. Approximately 20% indicated their homes required major repair, regardless of housing tenure.

From both sides of the tenant-landlord relationship, tenants are not all bad nor are all landlords. However, there is no shortage of stories to illustrate the destruction some tenants have caused and the deplorable conditions of some rental units. From a private sector perspective, housing stock is an investment and protecting that investment is important. For many, it is challenging to charge affordable rents and to maintain units at acceptable conditions. In addition, with a demand for additional rental units at all price points, without significant incentives there is no business case (beyond contributing to social good) for investors to turn a property into affordable housing when that same property could be high end seniors housing. The private sector cannot be expected to meet the range of affordable, supportive and social housing needs required across our communities. However, tenants should be able to expect that their rental units meet basic safe, warm and dry minimum housing standards.

A total of 37 stakeholders responded to the stakeholder survey. From a property owner / landlord perspective, almost half (45%) indicated that they would not consider investing in affordable housing and an additional 24% indicated that they had considered investing in affordable housing but said it was not financially viable. Approximately 12% of property owners surveyed indicated they have affordable rental units.

The issues most frequently reported by property owners surveyed included:

 Existing housing stock requires extensive or costly repairs – 53%  Property taxes are too high – 47%  Housing needs are becoming more specialized – 44%  Development / construction costs are too high – 36%

Overall, 52% of property owners agreed that there was a housing affordability problem in the communities where they worked. Many were not aware of Housing Nova Scotia (HNS) programs (73%) or Canadian Housing

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities and Mortgage Corporation (CMHC) programs (40%) for affordable housing development. When asked what “The cost of building is an issue; following factors would improve interest in affordable housing building codes, figuring loan payments, property investments, the following factors were most taxes, sewer, insurances and all the other frequently indicated: expenses. By this time, the monthly rent you need to charge goes up to a level where most people  Capped or reduced property taxes –80% that need affordable housing can’t afford what  Grants to build/renovate affordable units -64% you are offering.”  Tax incentives for affordable units –52% When asked about the supports and services that “We are being made to feel that we need to would have helped their tenants stay successfully be social workers but we are a business. housed in one of their units the factors most frequently Landlords are not social workers.” indicated were: “I had a tenant who was on Income Assistance. He  Having someone help the tenant to ensure their managed his money so carefully and was never late rent is paid on time -36% for his rent. I didn’t raise the rent for 7.5 years and I  Having someone to help the tenant to get along helped him access government programs for additional funds. I finally had to increase the rent as with neighbors -36% I was taking a loss and he was unable to stay. I didn’t  Someone to help the tenant connect with know about the rent supplement program supports they might need / referrals (Mental otherwise I would have applied and tried to keep Health, Addiction Services, VON, Senior Safety, them as they were great tenants.”

Outreach, Continuing Care) -29% “We have tenants who are habitually late and As outlined in the recent Colchester Antipoverty Report there is nothing we can do about it for 15 days. on Housing as a Basic Human Right, the apparent shift If you do give them an eviction notice it takes away from publically-owned affordable housing months to process. We have bills too and the banks aren’t as lenient about late payments.” infrastructure towards private sector partnerships 32 needs to be monitored. Advocacy efforts are needed Landlords have the right to choose who goes into to protect publically-owned social supports such as their homes. It is a business and you want to have those that could provide healthy and affordable the best custodian of your asset (apartment). There housing options for all who may be in need. There is a are too many stories out there of bad tenants need to address non-market housing infrastructure to leaving the landlord “holding the bag” and having ensure the availability of an adequate and appropriate to pay for damages. supply of affordable housing, which meets minimum We can’t raise rent too high. So in order to housing standards, across our rural communities. keep people in, “breaks” are given. But that Increased infrastructure funding, easy to access impacts revenue, how can we put money programs, legislative changes and supportive policies back into the unit? that help the private and not-for-profit sectors fill non- market affordable housing gaps would benefit our rural I applied for the forgivable renovation loan about two years ago but the red tape and waiting was too communities. In addition, small rural municipalities much and I ended up “opting out”. often require assistance to recognize their role and/or use their assets in creating affordable housing and Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments tenants require supports to help them stay successfully housed.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Finding A Place to Live

Protecting housing stocks for vulnerable populations is essential. An efficient and well-functioning housing sector enables the marketplace to be the primary vehicle to meet the shelter needs of .4 However, not all members of society have the financial means to compete effectively in the housing market, nor is the marketplace necessarily able to meet distinct housing needs of some groups, such as persons with disabilities. For those households whose needs cannot be met by the marketplace, governments, community organizations, non-profit cooperative groups and the private sector must work together to provide affordable housing solutions.

Chart 17 indicates the ease by Chart 17: Ease of Finding a House that Meets Needs which survey respondents felt Insecurely Housed (n=1259) Securely Housed (n=1971) All Respondents (n=3254) they were able to find housing that met their needs; 50% of 70% insecurely housed respondents 60% 65% expressed that it was difficult or very difficult to find a home that 50% 50% met their needs. In general, only 48% 40% half of survey respondents expressed that it was “easy or 30% 30% very easy” to find suitable 26% 26% 20% 24% accommodations that met their 20% needs indicating a gap in housing 10% 11% availability or suitability across 0% our rural communities. Easy Neutral Difficult

“There is one main landlord in the town and if you don’t do what he wants you don’t get a place to live.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

What Makes It Hard?

In general, 41% or respondents indicated that there were factors that make it hard for them to stay housed where they were or to find suitable housing. In addition, 22% of all respondents identified services and supports that would have made it easier to stay or to find suitable housing.

Of survey respondents who indicated housing insecurity, 83% indicated that there were factors that make it hard for them to stay housed or to find suitable housing and 51% identify services and supports that would have made it easier. There was no indication in the survey as to whether any of the supports or services identified were actually available or accessible to those who indicated they would help.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities As illustrated in the chart 18 below, affordability challenges represented the main reasons respondents indicated that it was hard for them to stay where they were or to find housing. Rent, heat and lights, a down payment or housing repairs comprised most of the indicated affordability challenges.

Availability was also identified as a main reason respondents indicated that it was hard for them to stay where they were or to find housing. Both affordable rental availability and finding suitable accommodations were identified as challenges. Almost a third of respondents also indicated that the size of their housing did not meet their needs.

Chart 18: What makes it hard to stay where you are at or to find suitable housing? Insecurely Housed (n=1120)

Rent is too expensive 55%

Heat and lights are too expensive 50%

There are not enough rental I can afford 50%

Do not have enough money for a down payment 39%

Do not have enough money for house repairs 35%

I can't find a suitable place 32%

Size (too large or too small) 27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

“More affordable housing is needed. I have dealt with so many clients this past year who have needed a place to live and can’t find one. Many get refused repeatedly and end up living with family and friends in temporary arrangements that go on for months.”

“I work in the hospital and discharges can sometimes be delayed for months as we try and make arrangements for modifications so they can go to their home safely or to find an apartment that can meet their needs. There are few options and while grants exist to address the issue the process is very slow.”

“We are seeing more individuals in the Emergency Department with issues of homelessness and there are very limited options that can be offered. I’ve noticed that the informal options we used to rely on (e.g., motel rentals) seem to be shrinking and they are no longer willing to rent to those in a transient situation”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Table 4 highlights the top five reasons by group affiliation, of those who responded to the question, for why they indicated it was hard to stay where they were at or to find suitable housing. Affordability and suitability continue to be the main challenges, however, the ranking and prevalence of each reason varies by group: Seniors are more likely to report on repairs and suitability; Adults on getting a mortgage, repairs and the kind of housing needed; Youth on availability and cost. Affordable rental availability was an issue across all groups and financial stressors contributing to housing affordability (e.g., heat and lights, repairs, taxes, down payments) were themes surrounding most of the other selected responses.

Table 4: Top Five Reasons “What makes it hard to stay where you are at or to find suitable housing?” BY GROUP

% Reporting Difficulty Group Top 5 Reasons Finding Housing  Rent is too expensive (67%)  There are not enough rentals available that I can afford (60%) Youth  Heat and lights too expensive (48%) (Under 25 years) 46%  Don’t have enough money for a down payment (47%)  I can’t find a suitable place to rent (40%)  Heat and lights too expensive (49%)  Rent is too expensive (45%) Adult  (26-46 years) 30% Don’t have enough money for a down payment (43%)  There are not enough rentals available that I can afford (41%)  My house needs a lot of repairs I can’t afford (36%)  There isn’t enough of the kind of housing I need (accessible, seniors, co-op, assisted living, subsidized, etc.) (54%)  My house needs a lot of repairs I can’t afford (34%) Adult 18% (50-64 years)  Rent is too expensive (32%)  My property taxes keep going up (31%)  There are not enough rentals available that I can afford (28%)  My house needs a lot of repairs I can’t afford (31%)  Heat and lights are too much (30%) Seniors  Rent is too expensive (28%) (65+) 17%  There are not enough rentals available that I can afford (21%)  Too many stairs (21%)  Rent is too expensive (60%) Persons Living with  There are not enough rentals available that I can afford (59%) Mental Health 53%  Heat and lights are too expensive (55%) Challenges  Don’t have enough money for a down payment (44%)  My house needs a lot of repairs I can’t afford (41%)

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Chart 19: Reasons for being refused housing

A total of 501 respondents indicated that they had been refused a place to live, representing approximately 11% Pets - 68% of those surveyed.

Chart 19 outlines the most frequently indicated reasons for having been Children - 25% refused a place to live.

Each item is complex in its own regard. For example, with respect to pets, we Age - 19% heard stories of people not leaving deplorable conditions despite finding a more suitable home because they would not be allowed to take their Receiving Social Assistance - 17% pets with them. Responsible pet owners described being denied housing because of their pets based on damages previously caused by Poor Landlord References - 13% tenants with pets. Pets provide a social connection for many people who may otherwise feel isolated and they are important family members for those who choose to have them. However, we also heard of cases “I should not have had to get in the state I was in and tell where they caused significant property people the personal things I had to tell them just to find a damage and costly repairs. place to live. Stigma and discrimination were themes described in community “You get blacklisted. There’s a private Facebook page where engagement sessions as well. With landlords post names of tenants not to rent to.” respect to children, some individuals reported being refused housing As soon as landlords found out I had children under 5, because they had children or were receiving social assistance. Others they wouldn’t rent to me. I was told things like there are were told they did not qualify for social stairs, or doors to the basement in the apartment so it’s housing unless they had children and not suitable for kids. Some of the apartments that I looked should therefore get pregnant if they at are still vacant and they still wouldn’t rent to me” wanted to qualify for social housing. Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments Stigma, discrimination and access to suitable housing, regardless of your circumstance, are issues our communities must reflect on.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Housing Supports and Services Investing in and improving access to housing-related supports could enable more rural Nova Scotians to stay successfully Daily Living: housed in their communities by creating May include support for: grocery shopping, errands, lawn care, more sustainable options where people are shoveling, meal preparation, or able to live more stable and productive lives attending medical appointments. close to their social support networks.

Some households require housing-related supports. Without supportive services many people cannot become and/or stay Housing First Services 22 Supportive Living: successfully housed, nor can they access and Supports Designed for those with Designed for those who and make effective use of services in their complex needs (often mental require some additioal community. The type of support which can illness). Trained professionals supports. These may include work with individuals to activities focussed on skill enable people to become and stay address their unique needs. development (e.g. budgeting, successfully housed varies, depending on This may include: skill nutrition, conflict resolution), needs22. For some, assistance with daily teaching, coaching, or recreation, leisure, and referral to other community socialization. living is sufficient. Others require additional resources. supports, programs and services. For those with the most complex needs, more specialized supports are required. These supports may range from simple help with daily living to the implementation of a comprehensive Housing First Approach22 across our rural communities and province. In general, Housing First supports and services are not currently available across many of our rural communities.

Overall, approximately 22% of survey respondents (1,045) indicated that additional supports or services would help them to stay housed in their home or to find a suitable place to live. These services ranged from daily living to supportive living to more complex housing first supports and included general assistance, financial assistance, making social connections, getting information and accessing services.

Chart 20 below highlights the supports and services, indicated by survey respondents, that would help them to stay successfully housed. Respondents were not asked whether these services were currently available in the communities where they lived. However, we do know that coordinated services and supports for housing related challenges are limited across our rural communities. Existing organizations and service providers are increasingly feeling stretched and unable to meet the demands of the housing challenges impacting the clients they serve.

Of those who indicated that supports or services would help them stay successfully housed or help them find suitable housing, the support most frequently indicated was financially related. Following finances, help with daily living tasks and making social connections were identified as supports respondents needed to stay successfully housed.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Chart 20: Supports and Services That Would Help Respondents Stay Successfully Housed (Of those who indicated requiring supports, n=1045)

FINANCIAL  Being able to pay my bills (56%)  A rent suppplement (31%)  Help with a mortgage down payment (27%)  A job or reliable income (27%)

GENERAL HELP  Snow removal or lawn care (53%)  Help with basic home repair (51%)  A drive to do errands or get to appointments (18%)  Help with daily living (shopping, cooking, cleaning) (14%)

SOCIAL CONNECTIONS  Being close to family and friends (25%)  Feeling Safe (27%)  Someone to call when I need help (23%)  Making friends or feeling at home in the community (24%)

ACCESS TO SUPPORTS OR INFORMATION  Help finding a place to live(32%)  Someone to help me fill out forms or apply for grants (23%)  Help connecting to supports I might need (20%)  Access to employment training (12%)  Help to avoid getting evicted (11%)

MULTIPLE SUPPORTS REQUIRED  22% identified requiring supports or services across more than one category

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities To identify the primary types of services and supports needed to help respondents who indicated they were insecurely housed stay housed or find suitable housing, factors were grouped into the following 6 categories:

 Additional supports: e.g., help connecting with services (mental health, addiction services, VON, senior safety, continuing care), access to employment training, help to avoid getting evicted.  Getting Information: e.g., finding a place to live, filling out forms, applying for grants.  General Help: e.g., help with medication, a drive to appointments, help with daily living, being closer to services, finding furnishings or appliances, someone to check in on me.  Social Connections: Making friends, feeling at home in the community, getting along with others, feeling safe, someone to call when I need help.  Multiple Supports: Individuals who identified requiring supports or services in more than one primary category.  Financial Assistance: e.g., help paying bills, budgeting, legal services, reliable income, help with damage deposits or mortgage down payment, a rent supplement.

As indicated in Chart 21, approximately 53% of those Chart 21: Primary Type of Services or Supports Required identified as insecurely housed to Stay Housed (n=975) indicated financially related factors as their main reasons behind their struggle to stay successfully housed or to find 3% 5% suitable housing. The impacts 5% of these financial strains may Financial Assistance also be contributing to the reported health and well-being Social Multiple Supports of members across our Connections Social Connections 12% communities. General Help Financial Assistance A recent study found housing 53% Getting Information instability, including chronically Multiple Additional Supports late rent payments, can affect Supports 22% the mental and physical health of family members of all ages.11 When depleted accounts and worry around paying bills becomes chronic, the health and well-being of both the children and their caregivers is impacted. In the study published by Pediatrics, researchers found that the rated health of children in families experiencing trouble meeting rent deadlines looked similar to the health of children who had experienced homelessness and multiple moves.11, 27

Of survey respondents who identified that supports or services would make it easier to stay housed, approximately 13% identified supportive services that address social connection as the main factors that would make it easier to stay housed. Feeling safe, being closer to family and friends, or having someone to call or check in are all social factors related to housing stability and security and should not be overlooked as communities identify housing solutions.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities An additional 22% identified they required multiple supports and services, across several categories, including any combination of general help, financial help, social connections, access to information or additional supports. For these individuals, a more comprehensive and coordinated approach to supports and services are likely required to improve their housing stability.

Table 5 below summarizes the top five services or supports, identified by age groups and by persons living with mental health challenges, that would make it easier to either find suitable housing or to stay successfully housed. Similar responses have been colour coded and items are ranked in order of occurrence for each group affiliation. The survey did not identify which, if any of the services or supports, were actually available or accessible to respondents in their communities.

As indicated above, aside from items with financial themes, items associated with social connections comprise many of the top 5 supports and services across all age groups. Social connections, particularly “feeling safe” was also a theme identified by participants during community engagement sessions across the region. “Feeling safe” was a response to what would help you stay successfully housed, but was not defined and could reference an expansive range of threats based on personal circumstances. Several focus group participants referred to feeling unsafe due to ongoing sexual and physical “I am so thankful for the Family harassment or abuse related to their housing situation, landlords with access to their rental units, drugs or Centre here in Digby –they are the neighbourhood crime. Others had more general concerns only ones who would help me. I with respect to their physical safety as the housing they feel safe here.” occupied was no longer suitable given their own physical capabilities or the repair or condition of their housing was not safe (mold, poor or failing construction, rats). “Tri-County Women’s Centre and Parents’ Place really fought for The Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario me. You come to them with your (PEPSO) research group found that people in lower income problems and they stay with households are less likely than other groups to report having a close friend to talk to or to help with small jobs.15 you. They understand. It was a two This may also be a factor related to the high percentage of year fight to get housing. They are a insecurely housed individuals who indicated social blessing. It’s sad to say but I felt like connections as a housing related challenge. Research has a piece of crap on my own. I had to also shown that individuals who feel they belong to a community and that their community makes them feel get someone to help me to be able valued and accepted are more likely to report greater health to get safe housing.” and overall well-being.23

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments Generally, when individuals indicated they had been able to connect with supports, either formal or informal, they reported positive results.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Table 5: Top 5 Supports and Services by Group Affiliation

YOUTH Under 25 years (165 of 439 respondants identified supportive services that would make it easier to stay housed) • Being able to pay my bills (61%) • Help finding a place to live (51%) • A job or reliable income (39%) • Feeling Safe / Being close to to family and firends (37%) • Help with Budgeting (37%)

ADULTS Aged 26-49 years (457 of 1,937 respondants identified supportive services that would make it easier to stay housed) • Being able to pay my bills (59%) • Help with basic home repair (47%) • Help with a mortgage down payment (39%) • A rent supplement (32%) • A job or reliable income (31%)

ADULTS Aged 50-64 years (296 of 1,354 respondants identified supportive services that would make it easier to stay housed) • Snow removal or lawn care (60%) • Help with basic home repair (58%) • Being able to pay my bills (57%) • A rent supplement (32%) • Feeling Safe / Someone to call when I need help (25%)

SENIORS Aged 65+ years (268 of 811 respondants identified supportive services that would make it easier to stay housed) • Snow removal and lawn care (76%) • Help with basic home repair (60%) • Someone to call when I need help (37%) • Someone to help me fill out forms or apply for grants (35%) • Feeling safe / Someone to check in on me once in a while (27%)

Persons Living with Mental Health Across all age groups (233/498 respondents identified supportive services that Challenges would make it easier to stay housed) • Being able to pay my bills (66%) • A rent supplement (41%) • Feeling Safe (41%) • Help finding place to live (37%) • A job or reliable income / Someone to call when I need help (36%)

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

Quotes – Supports and Services

“Trying to get your kids to school while going thru all this housing stress is really

“All-inclusive affordable rent.” hard. My kid has been late more than fifteen times so we got in trouble. If you “It’s hard to fill out the grants for house don’t have power it’s hard to get going in repairs. You need lots of information and it the morning. I had complaints from the takes a lot of time. I got refused because I was a few dollars over the income cut-off. It’s hard school about what was in my kid’s lunch. to pay for a new roof when you are a widow.” They called DCS. I can’t pay rent and buy good food.” “You give up even when you try because no-one helps. There are different rules for “I was homeless when I was pregnant with different people.” my first daughter. I could not get any help. DCS wouldn’t help then, but they “I need dental work. It’s hard to eat would take her when she was born.” because of the dental work I need, but I can’t afford it because of how “When I get up in the morning the first expensive rent is. thing I do is get the kids ready. Then I start thinking about who I am battling first- “Assistance does not give me enough housing, my landlord, the power company money to pay rent, eat and pay bills. After I pay my rent I have $100 left for food, bills – I don’t sleep. I see those pictures on and other expenses. If anything goes facebook of people smiling looking at the wrong I don’t eat.” sun and drinking their coffee and I try to

imagine it – it’s not my life. Some help Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments would be nice.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Service Provider Perspective

When service providers were asked about the key housing issues faced by the people they support many of Chart 22: Distribution of Sectors the same themes emerged regarding affordability, safety, Represented in the Service Provider Survey and social connections. A total of 135 service providers responded to the needs assessment questionnaire for service providers. Sectors represented by these Other responses include Not for Profit Organizations, 11% Not for Government/Public Service, and Other (including private Profits sector/businesses, volunteer groups, charitable 26% organization, and faith based organization) (Chart 22).

The following challenges were identified most frequently Government/Public Service by services providers as the key housing issues faced by 63% the people they support:

Affordability

 There are not enough rentals or homes available my clients can afford – 79%  Utilities are too expensive – 76%  Access to a rent supplement or social housing – 73%

Safety and Social Connections  Help connecting with supports they might need / referrals (Mental Health, Addiction Services, VON, Senior Safety, Outreach, Continuing Care, etc.) – 79%  Someone to help them fill out forms or apply for grants – 75%  Feeling Safe – 63%  Someone to call when they need help – 67%

General Help  A job or reliable income – 73%  A drive to appointments – 73%  Help finding a place to live – 67%  Help with minor repairs – 63%

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Accessibility

From a physical accessibility perspective, of those insecurely housed, 4% indicated they required fully accessible units and 18% indicated that they only required a few features. The features most frequently required include grab bars (73%), one- story or minimum step-up (66%), a bathroom that can accommodate a wheelchair including a roll in or walk in shower (30%).

The Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and the Age-Friendly Communities initiative both encourage communities and developers to consider incorporating effective universal design concepts and construction in all developments.24,25 Universal design is only a subtle shift from what is typically done.24 By providing flexibility in the selection of design features and incorporating adaptability into house design, the life and usability of a home is extended, which promotes the concept of aging in place. Universal house design is design that will accommodate everyone, including people with disabilities. Universal housing includes houses that are minimally accessible, houses that can easily be made accessible at a later date, and houses that are completely accessible with power door openers, large bathrooms, and so on.

Requiring Outside Assistance

Respondents who indicate being insecurely housed more frequently identified getting outside assistance to help them pay for their housing, sharing their home to afford it, having difficulty finding housing, requiring supports to stay housed and generally not feeling very good about their living situation (Chart 23). In general, approximately 10% of those surveyed indicated they received outside assistance to help them pay for their housing and about 20% indicated sharing their home in order to afford it. The ongoing chronic stressors, both financially, physically and mentally of being insecurely housed are evident in participant quotes and community engagement session discussions.

Of respondents who indicated being insecurely housed, half reported having difficulty finding a suitable place to live and twice as many were getting help from others (not living with them) to pay their rent or mortgage compared to those who indicated being securely housed.

 12% received outside assistance to help them pay for their rent or mortgage;

 19% had help from someone not living with them to pay for food, oil, or heat in

order for them to afford their rent or mortgage;

 23% were sharing their house or apartment with someone else in order to afford it.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Chart 23: Supports and Outside Assistance

Insecurely Housed Securely Housed

51% Percentage requiring supports to stay housed: 8%

51% Percentage having difficulty finding a place to live: 11%

Are you sharing your home with someone else in order to 23% afford it? 13%

Does someone else (not living with you) help you pay for 19% food, oil, or heat in order for you to afford it? 7%

Does someone else (not living with you) help you pay your 12% rent or mortgage in order for you to afford it? 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

“The chronic stress of housing insecurity cannot be underestimated. From the moment I moved into my almost perfect rental, the relief of safety and comfort have been overshadowed by the anxiety about possibly moving again. Where will I move to, how the hell will I afford it? The forced poverty of income assistance as a disabled chronically ill person is giving me mental health issues. It is causing stress to everyone around me; friends, family, even my kind landlord who payed forward a kindness and offered me reduced rent for 1 year. This is unacceptable and I'm powerless to change it. It's miserable.”

Community Engagement and Survey Respondent Comments

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

Planning to Move Multiple moves have been associated with adverse mental health, educational, and behavioral outcomes in children, and diminished physical and mental health in adulthood.11 Homelessness has also been linked with adverse health outcomes for children and places them at risk of developmental delay.26 The impact of homelessness on children may lead to changes in brain architecture that can interfere with learning, social- emotional development, self-regulation and cognitive skills and are, therefore, associated with poor academic achievement, poor classroom-based social skills and poor engagement in elementary school.

As already discussed, difficulty paying rent, mortgage or utilities, or anxiety about other financial obligations also serve as markers for housing instability.11,18 According to Sandel et al., multiple moves have a more severe negative impact on children’s heath than overcrowding, because frequent movers lack the social ties needed to move in with friends and relatives in times of crisis and face greater uncertainly.11 In contrast, researchers suggest that overcrowding indicates access to social supports that provide a temporary coping mechanism to prevent homelessness.

Other studies also show a direct link between housing insecurity and food insecurity, as measured by self- reported child hunger or poor diet.27 Researchers note that food insecurity increases health risks including anemia, development delays, and elevates the risk of hospitalization. Housing insecurity, especially coupled with food insecurity, serves to magnify the effects of the health risks resulting from poor nutrition. Reports on participatory food costing in Nova Scotia, calculated in 2015, indicate that the monthly cost of a basic nutritious diet for a family of four in Western NS was $938, and increase of 63% from 2002 (using current dollars).28 Researchers found that households earning minimum wage or receiving social assistance would not be able to afford their basic needs; including paying for a basic nutritious diet and housing.

Although survey participants were not asked about the frequency of their moves. Chart 24: Planning to Move by Housing Security It was clear, that for respondents who Insecurely Housed (n=1309) Securely Housed (n=2131) indicated they were insecurely housed, they experienced stress in finding or 90% staying housed and were more apt to be 80% planning to move than those who indicated 83% being securely housed. 70%

As illustrated in Chart 24, approximately 60% 83% of respondents who indicated being 50% insecurely housed also indicated they were planning to move compared to 34% of 40% those securely housed. The urgency in 38% which respondents were planning to move 30% 34% 35% also differed; insecurely housed 20% respondents were much more likely to indicate an immediate need to move (in 10% 15% 15% less than 1 year) (35%), compared to those 4% 10% 0% who indicated being securely housed (4%). Planning to move Immediately 1-5 years 5+ years For those insecurely house the constant

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities stress of moving or trying to find a place that might be suitable feels endless; planning a move is almost always on the horizon.

Table 6 outlines the most commonly indicated reasons behind a recent move for those insecurely housed compared to those securely housed in order of prevalence.

Table 6: Reason Behind Most Recent Move by Housing Security Insecurely Housed (n=982) Securely Housed (n=664) 1. To save money (34%) To be closer to family and friends (23%) 2. To be in a safe place to live (26%) To save money (22%) 3. To be closer to services (21%) For my work (19%) 4. For my health or my age (20%) To be closer to services (18%) For work; to be closer to friends; to be closer to 5. My age (16%) services (20% respectively)

Frequent moves compound the issues of housing insecurity; as does staying housed in unsuitable accommodations without alternatives, choice or means to affect change. Financial strains, safety and access to services top the list of reasons behind moves for those insecurely housed. For those securely housed, the reason behind their moves are financial and convenience – the convenience of being close to social support networks and employment.

Household Chart 25: Working Household Amenities by Housing Security Amenities Securely Housed (n=2177) Insecurly Housed (n=1340) In terms of household features and amenities, 99% Fridge and Stove there is a slight 98% difference in the working 100% Washer appliances accessible to 83% those securely housed as 93% Dryer compared to insecurely 80% housed. Insecurely 97% Enough heat to stay warm housed individuals are 82% less likely to have many 94% Safe drinking water of the household 82% amenities most would 98% Safe power supply consider part of a basic 87% standard of living. 98% Enough hot water for your needs 91% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Conclusions and Recommendations Ensuring safe and affordable housing options along the housing continuum is crucial for an efficient and well-functioning housing sector.4 To maintain healthy, livable and sustainable communities, residents must have a selection of attainable “IF WE WANT TO STOP PEOPLE DYING ON housing options for all ages and needs. ROADS, WE INVEST MONEY IN SEATBELTS, The design choices we make in our homes, schools, NOT IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. In workplaces, communities, and transportation the same way in regards to homelessness, systems can have major effects on health, which is why would we wait to intervene with a defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- young person when they’re in crisis, when being and not merely the absence of disease or we can intervene early and keep them at infirmity.”29 Communities that promote integrated, home, and in school and engaged? ” affordable housing choices through the design of their built environments, by encouraging safe and affordable housing development and promoting A New Direction: A Framework for Homelessness Prevention30 integrated rental, subsidized and market housing options, can break down the social conditions that contribute to poor health and well-being outcomes.19, 22

Recommendation 1: Leaders and decision makers (including municipal governments, not-for-profits, and volunteer groups) acknowledge the extent to which homelessness and risk for homelessness is an issue across our rural communities and use the language of homelessness prevention to access resources and supports.

From the results obtained through the public survey and the stakeholder and service provider surveys, it is clear that housing insecurity is an issue across all our communities. Housing insecurity appears more pervasive than many may have imagined and the conditions of housing unaffordability coupled with limited availability are negatively impacting the health and well-being of our communities.

The impacts of precarious housing, risk of homelessness and homelessness are evident. Over the last 25 years, much of the efforts, attention and investments have gone towards managing the problem of homelessness through the use of emergency services.30 Our response to homelessness has, for the most part, focused on helping people after they have already lost their housing.

A general lack of awareness and understanding of homelessness within this rural context has resulted in limited investments and for some, a failure to acknowledge homelessness even exits. The lack of housing related supports and services (e.g., housing first) and shelters has potentially forced many individuals to leave their rural communities, social supports networks and families for more urban areas where housing services and supports may be more readily available.

Collectively we must shift from a crisis response to one that emphasizes both prevention and successfully moving people out of homelessness. This shift will help our rural communities better understand the scope of the issue and the kinds of resources, supports and services required to keep people successfully housed in their communities. Acknowledging housing insecurity as a risk for homelessness and changing our language around

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities the issue to reflect this risk will help rural communities to better align with funding sources and advocacy efforts typically centered on homelessness. Understanding the scope of the issue from our rural context will also help governments and not-for-profits access much needed supports and services to address the issue.

Recommendation 2: Use the data obtained in the survey to better understand the factors at play that contribute to homelessness and the types of supports required to prevent it.

Recommendation 3: Develop collective understanding of the prevention framework and advocate for comprehensive approaches that address homelessness prevention.

Addressing homelessness though prevention requires understanding the factors that lead people to become homeless in the first place.30 As indicated in this survey, there is no single cause that explains everyone’s experience of homelessness or any singular pathways into or out of homelessness. To reiterate, by homelessness, we are referring to a range of circumstances, from living on the streets to being insecurely housed. In general, individuals and families who wind up homeless may not share much in common with each other, aside from the fact that they are extremely vulnerable and lack adequate housing, income and the necessary supports to ensure they stay housed.30 The results of the survey provides insights on the kinds of supports and services required to help keep people successfully housed in our rural communities.

As with all complex health and social concerns, including homelessness and insecure housing, effective interventions will need to engage multiple sectors and will require complex and often long-term interventions.17 Shifting from a crisis response to addressing homelessness through prevention requires understanding the factors that lead people to become homeless in the first place and addressing the structural factors, system failures and individual circumstances at play. This survey data helps us to better understand the factors at play within our communities and the report by the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, “A New Direction: A Framework for Homelessness Prevention” effectively describes the steps that must be considered in order to prevent homelessness. The Typology of Homelessness Prevention described in this document identifies the elements of the framework which has implications for policy, funding, system planning and service delivery. It is clear, within this context, that we all have a role to play; governments (municipal, provincial, and federal), service providers, not-for-profit organizations, community volunteers - everyone! The issue of homelessness often feels too big to tackle, but with a common understanding of the scope of the issue and what is required to prevent homelessness we can all play a role towards ensuring everyone’s right to safe, affordable, and appropriate housing.

Recommendation 4: Sectors identify what role they can play in homelessness prevention across their communities and work collaboratively to support and advocate for policies and programs that reduce health inequities.

Given that the federal government is about to release their National Housing Strategy and housing is generally a key priority for all three levels of government, it is an opportune time to consider health and health equity as explicit goals in housing policy and program development. To promote health and reduce health inequities, new policies and program interventions are needed that: increase the supply and support the repair and maintenance of affordable, supportive, and accessible housing; provide adequate income, financial assistance and employment so people are not forced to make difficult choices between their rent, food, utilities and other basic elements of a healthy life; tackle discrimination within the housing system; and prevent homelessness in the early years (during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence) through investments in mental health promotion and violence prevention.31

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities Opportunities for Actions

The Social Ecological Model (SEM) is a framework for Figure 3: Social Ecological Model 34 understanding the multifaceted and interactive effects of how personal and environmental factors determine outcomes.33 This model considers the complex interplay between five points of influence ranging from an individual’s knowledge and attitudes to the public policies that frame their environment.

Prevention strategies should include a continuum of activities that address multiple levels of the model. This approach is more likely to sustain prevention efforts over time than any single intervention.

From a homelessness prevention perspective this may include, but is not limited to:

1) Individual: Knowledge of homelessness status; resources and supports; ability to access services; individual barriers.

2) Interpersonal: Formal and informal social networks and social support systems; encouragement from personal groups or social networks (families, peers, friends, co-workers, religious networks, customs or traditions).

3) Organizational: Defining homelessness; eligibility for services; organizational resources and supports; promotion and coordination of services; system barriers.

4) Community: Networks of resources and supports; networks of organizations; system barriers; neighbourhood designs and built environments; community associations; community leaders; businesses and transportation.

5) Public Policy: Laws and regulations that affect organization resources and support; Municipal, Provincial and Federal programs; allocation of resources; societal factors that create healthy environments and equity.

By ensuring homelessness prevention occurs at all levels of the SEM framework comprehensive approaches can be developed for greatest impact.

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTION

What Communities Can Do?  Advocate to protect publically-owned affordable housing infrastructure  Establish volunteer networks (small jobs, daily living assistance, social connections, transportation)  Address stigma and shame; think about things differently  Provide services and supports  Build relationships and partnerships; work together!  Work with all levels of government  Push for policies that create healthy environments - in schools and daycares, in our recreational setting, and across our community – it’s all connected!  Use data to shape supports and services  Give a 100% of your passion, effort, and care towards action and impact  Be engaged!

What Municipal Governments Can Do?  Establish programs and volunteer networks (e.g., small jobs, daily living assistance, social connections, transportation networks, senior safety programs)  Healthy Neighborhood Design - Enhance neighborhood walkability; Create mixed land use; Prioritize new affordable developments  Healthy Transportation Networks - Enable mobility for all ages and abilities; Make active transportation convenient and safe; Prioritize safety; Increase access to public transit (free bus passes);  Healthy Natural Environments - Preserve and connect open space and environmentally sensitive areas; Maximize opportunities to access and engage with the natural environment; Restrict smoking in outdoor spaces.  Healthy Food Systems - Enhance agricultural capacity; Increase access to healthy foods in all neighbourhoods; Improve community-scale food infrastructure and services; Increase access  Healthy Housing - Increase access to affordable housing through provision of diverse housing forms and tenure types; Ensure adequate housing quality for all segments of society; Prioritize housing for the homeless, elderly, youth, women leaving domestic violence, low income groups, and people with disabilities; Establish and enforce minimum housing standards  Housing Policies and Bylaws – E.g., Require a portion of new construction units to be designated affordable; Negotiate affordable housing options when public lands are sold to private developers; Allow flexibility for re-zoning when affordable and supportive housing options are proposed; Identify land banks that can be used for affordable housing infrastructure; Rental unit inspections and licensing; Bill property owners through taxes when orders to comply are ignored; Tax breaks for affordable housing units; Relaxed parking requirements; Explore density bonus, inclusionary zoning, secondary suites  Ensure the Municipal Planning Strategy takes into consideration affordable housing priorities and consider ways to help increase and protect affordable housing stocks.  Work collaboratively and be an advocate for safe and affordable housing!

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities

What Provincial Governments Can Do?  Improve access to supports and services (senior supports, childcare, transportation, employment supports, educational supports, healthcare, universal school breakfast and lunch programs)  Implement Housing First Supports and Services across rural NS to help vulnerable populations.  Provincial Housing Strategy Supports - Expansion of Rent Supplement Program / Portable Housing Subsidy, rent geared to income programs, and social housing; Increased infrastructure funding; Legislation to allow municipalities to contribute resources directly to the private and not-for-profit sector for the purpose of affordable housing; Easy to access programs; Expand affordable housing grants for repair and new developments; Relax rules for affordable developments to include social spaces or common rooms; expand mortgage affordability programs  Invest in, and improve access to, housing-related supports; which enable rural Nova Scotians to stay successfully housed in their local communities close to social support networks.  Reduce Poverty – Guaranteed Livable Income; Living Wage; Increase Income Assistance rates; Revise policies that impact housing costs (e.g., allow roommates to share housing rentals); Re-evaluate income-earned claw backs; Job creation  Apply a Rural Lens  Work Collaboratively

What Federal Governments Can Do?  National Housing Strategy (Homelessness Prevention and Housing First Supports; Targeted strategies that address the needs of priority populations; Programs that retain and expand affordable housing stock; Affordable housing tax credits; Affordable mortgage programs, etc.)  Guaranteed Basic Income;  Comprehensive Public Policy - Affordable Housing, Early Childhood Development, Income Supplementation (OAS, Disability), etc.  National Poverty Strategy  Social and Employment Programs

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities REFERENCES

References 1. Waegemakers Schiff, J & Turner, A. (2014) Retrieved from Housing First in Rural Canada; Rural Homelessness and Housing First Feasibility Across 22 Canadian Communities. http://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/Rural_Homelessness_in_Canada_2014.pdf 2. Stephen Gaetz, Tanya Gulliver, & Tim Richter (2014): The State of Homelessness in Canada: 2014. Toronto: The Homeless Hub Press. http://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/SOHC2014.pdf

3. Homelessness Partnering Strategy: Highlights – 2016 Coordinated Point-in-Time Count of Homelessness in Canadian Communities. Government of Canada (2016) https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social- development/programs/communities/homelessness/reports/highlights-2016-point-in-time-count.html

4. About Affordable Housing in Canada. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. https://www.cmhc- schl.gc.ca/en/inpr/afhoce/afhoce_021.cfm

5. What is core housing need? Canada Mortgage Housing Corporation (March 2016) https://www.cmhc- schl.gc.ca/en/hoficlincl/observer/observer_044.cfm

6. 2016 Census Profile. Statistics Canada (Accessed Feb 2018) http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp- pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E

7. Gulliver-Garcia, T. (2016). Putting an End to Child & Family Homelessness in Canada. Toronto: Raising the Roof. http://www.raisingtheroof.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CF-Report-Final.pdf

8. Low-income measure after tax (LIM-AT). Statistics Canada (2011). http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/ref/dict/fam021- eng.cfm

9. Frank, L and Saulnier, C. (2017) Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in Nova Scotia. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/Nova%20Scotia%20Office/2017/11/Report%20Card %20on%20Child%20and%20Family%20Poverty.pdf

10. Census Mapper, Statistics Canada (2016): https://censusmapper.ca https://censusmapper.ca/maps/new#8/44.606/-63.276, https://censusmapper.ca/maps/new#8/44.606/-63.276, https://censusmapper.ca/maps/887#10/44.9177/-64.7795, https://censusmapper.ca/maps/907#9/44.3916/-65.0253 11. Sandel, M., Sheward, R., Ettinger de Cuba, S., Coleman, S., Frank, D., Chilton, M., Black, M., Heeren, T., Pasquariello, J., Casey, P., Ochoa, E., Cutts, D. (2018) Unstable Housing and Caregiver and Child Health in Renter Families. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/01/18/peds.2017-2199 12. Housing for Older Canadians - The Definitive Guide to the Over-55 Market. Volume 1: Understanding the Market, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (Revised 2015) https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/odpub/pdf/67514.pdf

13. Federal Poverty Reduction Plan: Working in Partnership Towards Reducing Poverty in Canada. (2010) Ottawa Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities.

14. The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (2009) In From The Margins: A Call To Action On Poverty, Housing And Homelessness https://www.feednovascotia.ca/images/In_From_the_Margins.pdf

15. Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario (PEPSO) Research Group (2013) It’s More than Poverty: Employment Precarity and Household Well-being https://www.unitedwaytyr.com/document.doc?id=91

16. Wellesley Institute (2010) Precarious Housing in Canada. http://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/08/Precarious_Housing_In_Canada.pdf

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities 17. Housing and Health : Examining the Links (2012) Wellesley Institute http://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/10/Housing-and-Health-Examining-the-Links.pdf

18. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (2015) Infographic: Housing and Mental. York University; Canadian Observatory on Homelessness/Homeless Hub http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/about_camh/influencing_public_policy/Documents/Infographic_Housing_Mental_Health.pdf

19. Health Impacts (2007) Healthy Communities by Design http://www.healthycommunitiesbydesign.org/Content/10010/HealthImpacts.html

20. Housing and Health: Time Again for Public Health Action (2002) Am J Public Health 92(5): 758–768. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447157/

21. Healthy Built Environment Linkages: A Toolkit For Design, Planning and Health. (2014) Provincial Health Services Authority Vancouver, BC. https://planh.ca/sites/default/files/linkagestoolkitrevisedoct16_2014_full.pdf

22. Gaetz, S., Scott, F., & Gulliver, T. (2013) Housing First in Canada: Supporting Communities to End Homelessness. Canadian Homelessness Research Network Press http://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/HousingFirstInCanada_0.pdf

23. The Belonging Guide: Exploring the Importance of Belonging to Good Health; Community Health and Wellbeing: Shift the Conversation http://communityhealthandwellbeing.org/resources/belonging_guide

24. Accessible Housing by Design, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2016) https://www.cmhc- schl.gc.ca/odpub/pdf/66093.pdf

25. Age-Friendly Communities, Government of Canada (Modified 2016) https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health- promotion/aging-seniors/friendly-communities.html

26. Early Childhood Homelessness in the United States: 50-State Profile (2016) Administration for Children and Families. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/homelessness_profile_package_with_blanks_for_printing_508.pdf

27. Housing Insecurity and Frequent Moves Leave Children Vulnerable to Heath Risks. (2011) National Low income Housing Coalition. http://nlihc.org/article/housing-insecurity-and-frequent-moves-leave-children-vulnerable-health-risks

28. Voices for Food Security in Nova Scotia. (2017) Can Nova Scotians Afford to Eat Healthy? Report on 2015 Participatory Food Costing. Food Action Research Centre (FoodARC), Mount Saint Vincent University. https://foodarc.ca/wp- content/uploads/2017/03/2016_Food_Costing_Report_LR_SPREADS.pdf

29. Dannenberg, A., Jackson, R., Frumkin, H., Schieber, R., Pratt, M., Kochtitzky, C., Tilson, H., (2003) The Impact of Community Design and Land-Use Choices on Public Health: A Scientific Research Agenda. Am J Public Health; 93(9): 1500–1508. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448000/

30. Gaetz, S., Dej, E. (2017). A New Direction: A Framework for Homelessness Prevention. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. http://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/COHPreventionFramework.pdf

31. Housing and Health: Unlocking Opportunity (2016) Toronto Public Health https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/hl/bgrd/backgroundfile-97428.pdf

32. Housing: A Basic Human Right (2017) Summary Review of the Relationship, Context, & Solutions. Colchester Anti-Poverty Network

33. National Health Care for the Homeless Council (April 2016). Using the Social Ecological model to examine how homelessness is defined and managed in rural East Tennessee. https://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/rural-homelessness- report_-nhchcpublication.pdf

34. Active Canada 20/20 (1999) http://www.activecanada2020.ca/sections-of-ac-20-20/appendix-a/appendix-b/appendix-c- 1/appendix-d

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Precarious Housing and Homelessness Across Our Rural Communities OPTIONS REPORT Title: Source Water Protection Policies Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

1) PURPOSE OF REPORT Council motioned, on March 20, 2018: THAT COUNCIL DIRECT STAFF TO BRING BACK OPTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL BUFFERING PROVISIONS BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, IN ADVANCE OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN REVIEW DRAFT.

This information report provides options for additional buffering provisions between commercial and residential properties.

2) EXISTING POLICY Existing Town of Wolfville Policy that governs buffers between commercial and residential properties, for all as-of-right development is as follows:

Municipal Planning Strategy

It shall be the policy of Council:

9.2.7 to provide special abutting zone requirements in the Land Use By-law where a commercial zone abuts a residential zone.

Discussion

This policy enables the Town of Wolfville to provide special requirements in abutting zones between commercial and residential zones.

Land Use By-Law

PART 11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL COMMERCIAL ZONES

11.1 Abutting Yard Requirements

Where a yard in a Central Commercial (C-1), Restricted Commercial (C-2), Industrial Commercial (C-3) or Special Commercial (C-4) zone abuts a yard in any Residential, Institutional or Park or Recreation zone, the following restrictions shall apply to the abutting Yard within the Commercial zone:

(a) the minimum side yard requirement for the abutting side yard shall be 3 metres; and

(b) the minimum rear yard requirement for the abutting rear yard shall be 3 metres; and

Options Report, Page 1 of 4 OPTIONS REPORT Title: Source Water Protection Policies Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

(c) no parking space, driveway or travel lane shall be permitted in an abutting yard within 3 metres of a side or rear lot line. This requirement may be reduced to 1.5 metres provided a double sided opaque wooden fence or landscape screening which provides a similar visual barrier along the lot line. The fence or landscape screening shall be a minimum of 1.5 metres in height and be established within 8 months of establishment of the parking space, driveway or travel lane

Discussion

This policy outlines specific requirements for the side-yard of a commercial property when a side-yard of a commercial property is abutting residential zones. It outlines that the minimum side or rear yard must be 3 setback meters, and that setback can be reduced to 1.5 meters to permit parking space, driveway or a travel lane may if a fence or other screening at least 1.5 meters in height is created within 8 months of establishing this use.

3) SURVEY OF OTHER MUNICIPALITIES Other municipalities have other tools to provide buffering between residential and commercial properties. Staff reviewed Land Use By-Laws in the Village of Chester, Town of Mahone Bay, Town of Kentville, Town of Antigonish, Town of Yarmouth, Town of Bridgewater, and Halifax Regional Municipality’s (HRM) new “centre plan” documents related to buffering requirements for commercial properties when abutting residential properties. Of these 7 municipalities, 6 required buffers of 20 ft on the abutting yard with out landscaping, and the other two have special requirements on landscaping and signage on the abutting yard of the commercial property, (Mahone Bay & HRM), yet use standard yard minimums.

Of the 6 municipalities that required 20 ft (5.5 m) minimum buffers without landscaping, 4 enabled the uses such as driveways, traffic lanes, parking spaces, loading areas, and the open storage and outdoor display of goods if buffering, in the form of a fence or vegetative buffer, was created of at least 6 ft in height. In those instances, the side-yard width was reduced by ½.

The Village of Chester requires 20ft buffers on commercial properties abutting a specific seniors’ residential complex and this requirement is not applied to other abutting properties. The last remaining, of those requiring 20 ft minimum buffers without landscaping, does not allow for other uses, or variation on the width, within the buffer zone at any time (Kentville).

The Town of Mahone Bay and HRM’s centreplan documents require only standard side yard minimums yet require a fence or planted trees to buffer the abutting uses, and limit commercial uses within the side yard area, including a prohibition on outdoor displays, lighted signs and parking. In the case of HRM, the required vegetation or buffer varies widely (see figure 1) depending on the abutting uses in the immediate area.

Options Report, Page 2 of 4 OPTIONS REPORT Title: Source Water Protection Policies Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

4) DISCUSSION Reviewing other municipalities’ existing policy provides a good overview of options. An interesting correlation is that most geographically constrained areas, such as Mahone Bay and Halifax’s Centre Plan Area, use more-narrow buffer-widths between abutting uses, whereas municipalities that are geographically larger have significantly larger, and more inflexible, side yard requirements. The most narrow-buffering, across all municipalities, requires landscaping or fencing to visually screen the abutting uses, at a height of 5-6 feet (1.5 - 1.8 metres).

Existing Town of Wolfville Land Use By-Laws relating to abutting uses are like those of other municipalities, and very similar to buffers used in Mahone Bay.

Land-development policies in the Town of Wolfville encourage subdivisions of large parcels to develop multiple smaller-scale buildings rather than large-scale buildings, which results in parcels of smaller geographic area. Increasing buffering requirements for smaller parcels of land can dramatically limit small-scale commercial opportunities in the Town of Wolfville, as the area of a parcel dedicated to buffering may remove opportunities for accessory commercial-uses such as parking or loading areas. Staff anticipate that substantially increasing side yard requirements for abutting uses (e.g. 20 ft) may require developers to consolidate parcels through subdivision to accommodate the Figure 1: Example of types of multiple demands of a wider side-yard, parking, and loading areas. buffering, from Centre Plan Staff believe a more nuanced approach to buffering techniques and Zones Fact Sheet - Transitions methods is appropriate to mitigate buffering issues while preserving buffering-widths. A more nuanced approach would specify a variety of buffer materials and vegetative buffer techniques for specific neighboring uses.

Options Report, Page 3 of 4 OPTIONS REPORT Title: Source Water Protection Policies Date: March 28, 2018 Department: Planning & Development

5) OPTIONS Staff have developed suggestions, below. Staff request the Planning Advisory Committee advise staff on their preferred option, or other recommendation.

1. Do nothing at this time. 2. Direct staff to develop buffering amendments with a more nuanced approach to the Land Use By-Law ahead of a future-draft of the Municipal Planning Strategy. 3. Direct staff to incorporate more nuanced approach to buffering in a future-draft of the Municipal Planning Strategy and Land Use By-Law. (Recommended)

6) FUTURE COUNCIL INVOLVEMENT If option 2 or 3 is chosen, Council’s future involvement will include a review of the proposed buffering policies, either before or as part of a future-draft Municipal Planning Strategy.

7) REFERENCES Town of Kentville Land Use By-Laws (link) Town of Antigonish Land Use By-Laws (link) Village of Chester Land Use By-Laws (link) Town of Yarmouth Land Use By-Laws (link) Town of Mahone Bay Land Use By-Laws (link) Town of Bridgewater Land Use By-Laws (link) Halifax Regional Municipality’s Centre Plan Documents (link)

Options Report, Page 4 of 4 INFORMATION REPORT Municipal Planning Strategy Review Update Date: March 28th, 2018 Department: Planning and Development

1) PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

To provide Council an update related to the ongoing review of our Municipal Planning Strategy and to build on the previous updates provided (updates can be found on the MPS portion of the Town website).

2) DISCUSSION

Moving Forward – what we’ve been up to:

• Contract Employee (Emily Statton): Emily is a Dalhousie Community Design student who is now working with us 2 days/week exclusively on the MPS.

• Future Neighbourhoods: A Master of Planning Studio Class, under the direction of Dr. John Zuck, have been advancing their project on principles and policy statements for Future Neighbourhoods through site-design of a potential Residential Comprehensive Development District (RCDD) zone. A presentation of their recommendations will take place April 12th. An invite to PAC, Council and others interested is forthcoming. Samples of their interim report are here:

PAC Information Report, Page 1 of 4 INFORMATION REPORT Municipal Planning Strategy Review Update Date: March 28th, 2018 Department: Planning and Development

• Regional Housing Needs Assessment (Report 1): As part of Phase 1 and continuing into Phase 2 - particularly through the Housing Symposium - the Town undertook a housing needs assessment. The following was identified and supported by PAC and Council in review of the Neighbourhood Designation of the MPS during the summer of 2017:

Key Housing Challenges and Strategies Key Housing Challenges / Needs Key Housing Strategies Other Strategies 1. We need to address the middle 1. Facilitating housing 1. RRBB (both demographically and in choices; 2. Social Inclusion terms of our housing stock). 2. Encouraging higher 3. Town & Gown 2. We need to make housing more densities in strategic areas; 4. Dangerous and affordable for first-time buyers 3. Introducing dwelling type Unsightly and young families and enable mix targets; 5. Enforcement more ‘mortgage helper’ 4. Creating a policy accessory dwelling units. framework that is Note: These “other” strategies 3. We need to make sure rental receptive to innovative fall outside of land use housing is well-managed and housing proposals. planning but are important to safe. include. Housing and quality of 4. We need to provide more life issues are complex and require a multi-pronged options for the aging approach. population who wish to downsize and/or retire to Wolfville. 5. We need to build on existing expertise in the community and work toward better non-market housing options.

Housing Priorities by Type/Form Housing Type/Form Priorities • Attached housing forms and ground-oriented dwelling units; • Supportive housing; • Accessible housing; • Well Managed Safe rental housing; • Subsidized, non-market housing; and • Innovative Housing. • Other

PAC Information Report, Page 2 of 4 INFORMATION REPORT Municipal Planning Strategy Review Update Date: March 28th, 2018 Department: Planning and Development

Missing from this was a regional lens. Over the past number of months, groups have come together to work on better understanding our regional housing challenges and their first report – Housing: Now and Into the Future – Precarious Housing and Homelessness across our Rural Communities (March 2018). The report is included for information for PAC and Council with the recommendations to Municipalities from the report included below.

A Wolfville Specific report and findings will be forthcoming out of the ongoing Regional Housing work and will further inform where we sit in the region, better articulate challenges and solutions, and how the Town can contribute to an improved regional housing situation.

PAC Information Report, Page 3 of 4 INFORMATION REPORT Municipal Planning Strategy Review Update Date: March 28th, 2018 Department: Planning and Development

• Design Guidelines: an updated draft (based on Council direction) of the design guidelines is nearing completion and feedback will be sought from the design review committee before the draft document is brought to PAC and Council for consideration.

• Economic Development Policies: Staff have been working with the Town’s Manager of Economic Development to include a strong economic development focus in the forthcoming draft.

• Website and Communications: Project updates/information will be posted to the MPS portion of the website.

PAC Information Report, Page 4 of 4