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Report on the State of the Environment of Macao ENVIRONMENT COUNCIL REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF MACAO, 2006 This report has been jointly prepared by the Environment Council of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Portuguese Environment Agency of Ministry for Environment, Spatial Planning and Regional Development of Portuguese Republic under the provision of the co-operation agreement between the two entities. ENVIRONMENT COUNCIL OF MACAO Vong Man Hung Acting President of the Executive Committee of the Environment Council Ieong Kin Si Senior Technician Fong Weng Chin Senior Technician Maria da Conceição Coelho Senior Technician PortuGUESE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Regina Vilão Director of Department of Environmental Politics and Strategy Catarina Venâncio Head of Division of Environmental Information Management Margarida Marcelino Principal Advisor Patrícia Liberal Consultant Inês Gervásio Consultant Vitor Góis Consultant ACKNOWLEGDEMENT - DATA SOURCES Administration of Airports Limited (ADA) Macao Productivity and Technology Transfer Centre Cartography and Cadastre Bureau (DSCC) (CPTTM) Civil Aviation Authority (AACM) Macao Water Supply Company Limited (SAAM) Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (IACM) Macau Government Tourist Office (DST) Combustibles Security Committee (CSC) Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (DSEJ) Office of the Development of Energy Sector (GDSE) Finance Services Bureau (DSF) Port Authority (CP) Government Information Bureau (GCS) Public Administration and Civil Service Bureau (SAFP) Health Bureau (SSM) Statistics and Census Bureau (DSEC) Hovione Macao Limited University of Macau (UM) Infrastructure Development Office (GDI) International Law Office (GADI) Lands, Public Works and Transport Bureau (DSSOPT) Macao Customs Services (SA) Macao Economic Services (DSE) Macao Electricity Company Limited (CEM) In order to improve the quality of the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao and to meet the demands and expectations of society, please comment on the report at the website of Environment Council (www.ambiente.gov.mo ). Thank you! Index Message 5 Preface 6 Editor’s Note 7 1. Introduction 8 2. Atmospheric Environment 12 3. Water Resources 32 4. Waste 46 5. Nature Conservation 54 6. Ambient Noise 62 7. Environmental Management 74 8. Analysis and Recommendations 86 Appendix: Acronyms and Symbols 92 References 94 Message Environmental protection, a critical issue that demands attention in today’s world, is the foundation for Macao’s sustainable development and the improvement in living standards of Macao people. The environmental quality is no doubt being affected by socio-economic development and our daily habits and behaviour. On the other hand, the essential elements we need for living, such as air and drinking water, are closely related to environmental conditions which affect our health and socio- economic development. Since environmental protection involves different aspects and various areas of work, the Government of Macao Special Administrative Region has been very concerned with the reinforcement of environmental protection work and has committed to strengthening the synergy and coordination among all related areas. It continues to provide resources for more effective implementation of environmental protection policies in response to the needs of Macao’s current development, and to achieve a balanced development of the economy, society and the environment. The Report on the State of the Environment of Macao analyses and evaluates different environmental indicators of Macao, reflects the trend of changes in environmental conditions, and provides an important and valuable reference to the SAR Government on its review and formulation of environmental protection policies. The report also informs the public about the effectiveness and weakness of environmental protection work, enabling people to understand the situation of Macao’s environment and raising the concerns of local residents on environmental issues. The provision of such information aims at encouraging us to cooperate in enhancing the quality of environmental protection work. I would like to congratulate the success of the publication of the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2006, and to express my sincere gratitude to those involved in the compilation of the report as well as to the government departments and institutions for their provision of information. Secretary for Transport and Public Works Lau Si Io 5 Preface Macao has experienced rapid development in recent years. Driven by the boom in its flagship industry – tourism and gaming – Macao’s social and economic growth accelerated, creating both opportunities and challenges for the local society. As the environmental pressure and resource consumption gradually increase, people have to face new and additional issues and tasks related to environmental protection. It is the common goal and direction of the global community in the 21st century to promote balanced development of the economy, society and environment, and harmony between humanity and nature. In this critical moment of rapid changes in society, it is increasingly important for Macao to overcome the challenges with innovative and realistic ideas, setting a strong environmental foundation for its sustainable development. It is important to point out that the Macao community is taking more and more concern about environmental protection, and people are more involved in addressing and discussing environmental protection promotion and education. This helps to enhance Macao residents’ sense of environmental protection, and encourages them to act in environmental-friendly ways throughout their daily life. More importantly, a social milieu focusing on environmental protection gradually forms, and that lays the foundation for realising the sustainability concept that synchronises economic, social and environmental development. Provision of environmental information is the essential pre-condition for all levels of society to understand and jointly participate in environmental protection affairs, and is one of the important references for formulating policies and measures to improve the overall living standards. Therefore we publish annually the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao to disclose the objective data and analysis of results related to the environmental conditions of Macao. The report also pinpoints specific environmental issues that need to pay special attention, and gives recommendations on environmental quality improvement, aiming to play a positive role in the healthy development of Macao’s environmental protection. We sincerely hope that the publication of the report is not only a project commissioned by the Environment Council, but also enables the local communities of Macao, including government departments, private companies, organisations and residents, to be aware of the actual situation regarding Macao’s environmental development. Through the summary of the development trends, we may identify the potential environmental issues and the possible solutions, and thus seriously consider the social responsibility of the government departments, corporations, organisations and individuals. Let’s start with ourselves, and make our best efforts for the sustainable development of Macao. President of the General Council of the Environment Council Vai Tac Leong 6 Editor’s Note In accordance with Law No. 2/98/M, the Environment Council of Macao has taken up the responsibility for compiling the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao for the last nine years. The report is an important reference for the Government of Macao Special Administrative Region in making its environmental policies, and also an effective channel to provide a clear picture of Macao’s environmental conditions to the public. It is the Environment Council’s goal and responsibility to adopt new approaches to enhance the content and quality of the report. Further to last year’s initial adoption of the European Environment Agency’s “Driving Forces - Pressures - State - Impacts - Responses” (DPSIR) framework for detailed analysis of the Macao’s environment, our council is making the best effort to reflect different environmental information about Macao collected during the last two years in the Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2006, aiming to provide a prompt and effective analysis and assessment of the rapidly changing environment of the Macao SAR. It is important to notice that the report reveals a trend of continued deterioration in certain environmental areas that deserves our concern, emphasis, consideration and analysis, so as to develop effective policies and measures for strengthening environmental protection work and improving the environmental conditions. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the staff, the government departments and the organisations who have contributed to the publication of this report. We are delighted to witness that the government, the public and the media begin to attach greater importance to this report. We welcome all comments and suggestions that enable the council to continuously improve our editorial and compilation work. Acting President of the Executive Committee of the Environment Council Vong Man Hung 7 IntroductionIntroduction In consideration of the importance and complexity of the (DPSIR) framework developed by the European Environment environment, and the “environmental
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