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Cenozoнc Ostracoda of Southeastern Australia

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Cenozoнc Ostracoda of Southeastern Australia CENOZOíC OSTRACODA OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF HANAICERATINA NEW GENUS K. G. McKENZIE School of Applied Sciences Riverina College of Advanced Education Wagga Wdgga, New South Wales ABSTRACT The history of studies on Australian fossil Cenozoic species. But in general Cenozoic Ostracoda have Ostracoda is briefly reviewed. Hanaiceratina new been neglected in Australian micropalaeontology, as genus is described, with the subspecies H. arenacea noted some years ago in McKenzie (1965). arenacea, H. arenacea balcombensis and the species The major taxonomic papers for the region as a H. posterospinosa and H. henryhowei. Consideration whole are those by Kingma (1948) on Indonesian of some useful taxa leads to a resume of the palaeo- Neogene faunas, and by Hornibrook (1952) on the ecology of the local stages in which the importance Tertiary of New Zealand. The most complete Aus­ of recognizing facies differences is emphasized by tralian reference is the paper by Crespin (1943) in comparison of the fossil assemblages with similarly which, however, many of the 72 species listed cannot prepared assemblages from Recent local marine en­ be used with any confidence because they are mis- vironments and, in some cases, with Recent Sahul identified with Recent Challenger species. The most Shelf Ostracoda. This is followed by brief conclusions recent papers either have dealt only with single upon the regional palaeobiogeography that stress species, e.g., Keij (1966), McKenzie (1967a), or have the influences of Tethys, the West Wind Drift, and used open nomenclature, e.g., McKenzie (1969). The endemism upon development of the southern Aus­ state of present knowledge on the Australian Ter­ tralian faunas. tiary and Pleistocene faunas is represented by Table 1 which lists the new species or undetermined species so far recorded for the continent. INTRODUCTION Meanwhile, foraminiferal research has been com­ paratively prolific, and recent reviews have estab­ The first record of fossil Ostracoda from Australia lished good correlations between the Tertiary of was that of two Palaeozoic species by Morris, in Australasia and that of the rest of the world, based Strzelecki (1845, p. 921), and it was not until much upon the Foraminifera, see Ludbrook (1967) and later that the first identifications of Australian Ter­ Hornibrook (1967). Table 2 gives the correlation ac­ tiary species were made, fide Crespin (1959, p. 140). cepted here for southeastern Australia, which is prin­ Most of the early work on Tertiary marine forms was cipally that of Ludbrook (1967), but the local Stage done by Chapman (1910 et seq.) and continued in names will be used throughout in the paper. a few papers by Crespin (notably 1943). The Tertiary stratigraphy of southeastern Australia Similarly, Chapman (1914b et seq.) did the early is well known. Useful notes on the sections covered work on Tertiary and Quaternary fossil freshwater by my samples are located in the 1967 Melbourne GEOSCIENCE AND MAN, VOLUME VI, OCTOBER 1, 1974, P. 153-182, 5 PLATES, 4 TEXT-FIGURES, 6 TABLES 153 154 GEOSCIENCE AND MAN, VOLUME VI Table 1. List of marine and freshwater Tertiary, Pleistocene, Table 1 (continued) and subfossil new species (or species in open nomenclature of Ostracoda recorded from Australia SPECIES SPECIES AUTHOR DATE (freshwater) a u t h o r DATE (m arine) Diacypris sp. C hapm an 1910 Cytheropteron batesfordiense ? Diacypris sp. C hapm an 1914a Bythocypris tumefacta ‘Eucypris’ sp. Bairdia australis McKenzie, in Cythere flexicostata Waldman and Handby 1968 Mytilocypris sp. C. postdeclivis McKenzie and Hussainy 1968 Gomphocythere sp. Krithe eggeri Cytherura capellifera C. ouyenensis ANZAAS, Section C, Excursions Handbook, see under C. postum bonatum Singleton (1967), Spencer-Jones (1967), and Gostin C. praeantarcticum (1967), and in earlier papers by Carter (1964) C. reticosum C. rostratum and Wilkins (1963). Cytherella auriculus Regional palaeobiogeography for New Zealand C. subtruncata has been dealt with by Fleming (1962) in a general C hapm an I 926 Bairdia minutissima palaeontological approach, and specifically for some Cythere kincaidiana C hapm an and Crespin 1928 C. sorrentae marine Cenozoic ostracode genera by McKenzie C. caudispinosa (1967a). The Tertiary palaeoclimatology of New C. baragwanathi Zealand has been reviewed in a recent symposium Bythocythere keblei (cf. Devereaux et al., 1968) and that of Australia Cytherura praemucronata has been discussed by Gili (1961, 1968). Cytherella intermedia For this paper the ostracode faunas of more than C. araneosa C hapm an 1935 (?) Cythere queenslandiae 50 samples from the Cenozoic of Victoria, south­ cf. Cythere sp. eastern Australia, have been analyzed (Text-fig. 1). cf. Paradoxostoma sp. Counts have been made of “floats” from washings (?) Pontocypris sp. prepared by me from stratigraphically located collec­ Cardobairdia balcombensis tions made mostly between September, 1964, and M cKenzie Paradoxostoma spp. (2) M cKenzie Cytherois sp. March, 1965, but supplemented later by a few sam­ ? Paracythere sp. ples collected during January, 1967. For most sam­ Microcythere sp. ples, the “floats” yielded more than 150 specimens Paracytherois sp. suitable for counting (see Kornicker, 1964, p. 49, fig- Sclerochilus sp. 3), but in a few the ostracode faunules were im­ poverished. SPECIES (freshwater) C hapm an 1914b Limnicythere mowbrayensis SYSTEM AT ICS C hapm an I 9 I 9 Cypris tenuisculpta Limnocythere sicula Subfamily BYTHOCYTHERINAE C hapm an 1935 Erpetocypris aequalis Cypridopsis compressa Genus H anaiceratina n. gen. C hapm an 1936 Cypris praenuncius Beasley I 945 C. m unduraensis Bythocythere (partim) : Brady (1880, p. 142) Cyprinotus punctatus llyodrom us ? concentricus Bythocythere ? : Keij (1953, p. 164) Erpetocypris ? subtriangularis Monoceratina : Crespin (1943, p. 28) Stenocypris lowmeadensis New genus of Bythocytherinae : Hanai (1961, p. Cypridopsis linearis 357, Text-fig. 1 ); McKenzie (1967b, p. 229). Ludbrook 1956 (?) Cypris sp. McKenzie and Gili 1968 Candonocypris sp. Diacypris n. sp.? Derivation of name: For Professor Tetsuro Hanai, Cypretta sp. pioneer worker in Japanese Cenozoic Ostracoda. McKenzie/Australian Cenozoic Ostracoda 155 Table 2. Local Stage names in the Tertiary of Victoria, Australia, with their epochal equivalents LOCAL STAGE NAME EPOCH Kalimnan- Cheltenhamian Pliocene Mitchellian Bairnsdalian U p p er Balcom bian M iocene Batesfordian M iddle Longfordian Lower Janjukian O ligocene A ldingan U pper Johannian M iddle Eocene .M elbourne ,1 0 Comparative diagnosis'. As recognized by Keij T17 Mea (1953) and by Hanai (1961), this genus is char­ acterized by its hinge, in which the median element is crenulate; the termini of this element consist of Bass Strait strong tooth-like projections, unlike other bytho- cytherine genera. The general shape of Hanaicera­ tina also is distinctive in that it lacks the prominent Text-figure 1. Map of Victoria showing localities col­ lected or mentioned in the text. Scale of inset about 4/3 horns, alae, and pronounced swellings of some by- that of main map. 1, Myaring Bridge; 2, Port Campbell; thocytherines (e.g., Monoceratina, Bythoceratina, By­ 3, The Gorge; 4, Gibsons Steps; 5, Johanna River; 6, thocythere). It differs from Cytheralison, which also Browns Creek; 7, Castle Cove; 8, Fishing Point; 9, Apollo lacks such features, because Cytheralison is broader, Bay; 10, Anglesea; 11, Bells Headland; 12, Bird Rock lacks a caudal process, and has a different adductor (near and west of Torquay); 13, Barwon Heads; 14, New Quarry, Batesford; 15, Seaholme; 16, Beaumaris; muscle scar pattern and a different hinge. 17, Ricketts Point; 18, Port Phillip Bay; 19, Mornington Type species: Hanaiceratina ar-enacea (Brady) (Fossil Beach on Balcombe Bay is nearby and to the 1880. south); 20, Westernport Bay; 21, Penguin Parade; 22, Geologic Range: Neogene—Recent. Tidal River, Wilsons Promontory; 23, Longford (Glen­ coe Parish is immediately east); 24, Bairnsdale; 25, Tambo River Bridge, at Swan Reach; 26, Lakes Hanaiceratina arenacea arenacea n. subsp. Entrance (Bunga Creek is a few kilometers to the east); Plate 4, figure 4, 5; Text-figure 2e 27, Banks Strait; 28, Ouyen (the Mallee Bores described by Chapman (1914a) were put down near here). Bythocythere arenacea Brady (1880, p. 142, PI. 33, fig. 3a-g, recorded as arenosa on PI. 33); Horni­ marginally; posterior produced into a distinct trun­ brook (1952, p. 17); Chapman, Crespin, and cated subposterodorsal cauda; height subequal Keble ( 1928, p. 15, 171), (not arenacea arenacea). throughout the length and about Vl the length. In Bythocythere arenosa (sic); Crespin (1943, p. 26, 27, dorsal view: subhastate; greatest width medial; an­ 101) (not arenacea arenacea). terior tapered broadly, subacuminate; posterior Monoceratina arenosa (sic); Crespin (1943, p. 28), abruptly truncated and produced into the cauda. In­ (not arenacea arenacea). ternally: inner lamellae broad, with prominent an­ Bythocythere ? sp.; Keij (1953, p. 164, PI. 2, fig. terior and posterior vestibules, the anterior vestibule 3a-e). broad, the posterior vestibule long and narrow; lines of concrescence fairly regular; radial pore canals Partial description: Carapace medium sized, sub- numerous, long, fine, straight to wavy, slightly rectangular; surface covered by a network of raised widened at their bases; normal pore canals simple polygonal reticules, presenting a spiky appearance (difficult to observe); muscle scars consisting of an overall; median
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