Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Crown City Wind Energy Project Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon and Truxton, Cortland County, New York

Prepared for:

AIR ENERGY TCI INC 485 McGill Street Suite 520 Montreal Quebec H2Y2H4 Canada

Prepared by:

edr Companies 217 Montgomery Street, Suite 1000 Syracuse, New York 13202 P: 315.471.0688 F: 315.471.1061 www.edrcompanies.com

August 2012

Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

SHPO Project Review Number:

Involved State/Federal Agencies: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Public Service Commission

Phase of Survey: Architectural survey of five-mile visual area of potential effect

Location Information Minor Civil Division: Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon, and Truxton County: Cortland

5-mile-radius Study Area Information: Minor Civil Division: Towns of Cortlandville (MCD 02302), Cuyler (MCD 02303), Freedom (MCD 02304), Homer (MCD 02306), Preble (MCD 02309), Solon (MCD 02310), Taylor (MCD 02312), Truxton (MCD 02313); Village of McGraw (MCD 02343); and City of Cortland (MCD 02340) Counties: Cortland

Number of Proposed Turbines: 45

Survey Area (5-mile radius): Approximately 180 square miles

USGS 7.5-Minute Quadrangles: Otisco Valley, Tully, Deruyter, Erieville, Homer, Truxton, Cuyler, South Otselic, Cortland, McGraw, Cincinnatus and Pitcher

Results of Architectural Survey (includes 2008 architectural survey and 2012 addendum survey): Number of previously determined NRHP-listed/-eligible buildings/structures/cemeteries/districts in the project viewshed: 2 NRHP-Listed Historic Districts 9 NRHP-Listed (Individual) Properties 23 NRHP-Eligible (Individual) Properties

Number of recommended potentially NRHP-eligible buildings/ structures/ cemeteries/districts in the project viewshed: 299 Individual Properties 3 Proposed Historic Districts (all in the City of Cortland)

Archaeological Survey Overview (presented in separate report) Hanley, Robert J., Rebecca J. Emans, Mark A. Steinback, and Michael A. Cinquino 2012 Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Crown City Wind Farm Project, Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon, and Truxton, Cortland County, New York. Panamerican Consultants, Inc., Buffalo Branch, Buffalo. Prepared for Air Energy TCI, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Report Authors: Grant Johnson; Patrick Heaton, RPA

Date of Report: July 2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose of the Investigation ...... 1 1.2 Project Location and Description ...... 1 1.3 Historic Resources Study Area ...... 2 2.0 SUPPLEMENTAL HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY ...... 3 2.1 Summary of Previously Conducted Historic-Architectural Resources Survey ...... 3 2.2 Historic Resources Survey Methods ...... 4 2.3 Definition and Significance Criteria for Historic Resources ...... 4 2.4 Supplemental Historic Resources Survey Results...... 5 3.0 PROJECT EFFECTS ON HISTORIC RESOURCES ...... 7 3.1 Potential Effect on Historic Resources ...... 7 3.2 Project Visibility Analysis ...... 8 4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 35 4.1 Summary of Historic Resources within the Study Area ...... 35 4.2 Conclusion ...... 35 5.0 REFERENCES ...... 37

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of Historic Resources located within the Study Area...... 6 Table 2. Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources...... 9 Table 3. Summary of Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources Considering Topography Only...... 31 Table 4. Summary of Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources Considering Topography and Vegetation. 32

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Regional Project Location Figure 2. Proposed Project Layout Figure 3. Historic Resources Survey Area Figure 4. Historic Resources Survey Results

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A. Addendum Annotated Property List Appendix B. Visual Simulations

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Investigation On behalf of Air Energy TCI Inc (TCI), edr Companies (edr) conducted a supplemental historic-architectural resources survey for the proposed Crown City Wind Farm (the Project), located in the Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon, and Truxton, in Cortland County, New York. This addendum report is intended to supplement and update a previous cultural resources surveys conducted for an earlier (superseded) Project layout, which was prepared by PanAmerican Consultants, Inc. (PCI) in 2008-2009 (PCI, 2012a, 2012b). The purpose of this report is to identify and describe historic resources (primarily buildings, or architectural resources, greater than 50 years in age) located within the five-mile radius visual area of potential effect (APE) for the Project. The information included in this report is intended to assist the Cortland County Legislature, who is acting as the Lead Agency in the environmental review of the Project under the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA). The potential environmental impacts of the proposed Project are considered in a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS; edr, 2012a) being prepared pursuant to the requirements of SEQRA.

This supplemental historic buildings survey identifies properties (or resources) that are listed in, or that satisfy the eligibility criteria for listing in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and evaluates the potential effect of the Project on those historic resources. The NRHP eligibility recommendations presented in this report are preliminary and should not be considered final determinations of NRHP eligibility. Final determinations would need to be made by New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYSOPRHP), acting in their capacity as the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). The historic building survey of the five-mile APE study area was conducted in compliance with NYSOPRHP’s New York State Historic Preservation Office Guidelines for Wind Farm Development Cultural Resources Survey Work (the SHPO Wind Guidelines; NYSOPRHP, 2006), Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 14.09 of the New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Law, and SEQRA. The supplemental historic resources survey was conducted by a qualified architectural historian.

1.2 Project Location and Description Air Energy TCI, Inc. (TCI, or the Project Sponsor), is proposing to develop a wind-powered generating facility in the Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon, and Truxton, Cortland County, New York (Figure 1). The proposed Project is located on approximately 9,500 acres of leased private land (the Project site) located approximately 1.4 miles northwest of the hamlet of Solon, one mile north-northeast of the Village of McGraw, and four miles east of the City of Cortland (as measured to the nearest proposed turbine site).

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The Project includes 45 wind turbines, which will deliver up to 72 MW of electrical power to the New York state grid. As presently envisioned, the Project will use the GE 1.6 - 100 wind turbine (or equivalent), each with a rated capacity of 1.6 MW. Each wind turbine consists of three major components: a tubular steel tower, nacelle, and a three-bladed upwind rotor. The height of the tower, or “hub height” (height from the base of the tower to the center of the rotor hub mounted on a nacelle at the top of tower) will be approximately 100 meters (328 feet). The rotor has a 100-meter (328-foot) diameter, and the total turbine height (i.e., height at the highest blade tip position) will be approximately 150 meters (or approximate 492 feet). The Project will also involve construction of approximately 19 miles of gravel access roads, approximately 30 miles of buried electrical interconnect lines, 0.5-mile of overhead electrical transmission lines, collection and interconnection stations, and two permanent 100-meter (328 feet) tall meteorological towers. To service the facility, an operations and maintenance building (O&M facility) will house operations personnel, equipment and materials, and provide staff parking. See Figure 2 for the proposed Project layout.

1.3 Historic Resources Study Area The SHPO Wind Guidelines define the area of potential effect (APE) for visual impacts on historic properties for wind projects as including those areas within five miles of a project which are within the potential viewshed (based on topography) of the project (NYSOPRHP, 2006). The previous Architectural Survey (PCI, 2012b) included all areas with potential Project visibility, based on the 2008 layout of turbines and topographic viewshed mapping. In preparation for this supplemental historic/architectural resources survey, edr prepared a topographic viewshed map based on the layout and dimensions of the currently proposed turbines. The viewshed map was generated using USGS digital elevation model (DEM) data (7.5-minute series), the location and maximum blade-tip height (150 meters, or 492 feet) of the proposed turbines, and ESRI ArcView® software with the Spatial Analyst extension1. For the purpose of this addendum report, “the study area” refers to the combined areas of potential Project visibility (or visual APE) based on topographic viewshed analysis) for both the 2008 and 2012 Project layouts (see Figure 3). The areas included in the study area therefore present a conservative analysis of (and likely overstate) potential Project visibility.

The expanded/revised visual APE for the Project does not include any additional towns, villages or hamlets that were not included in the previous (i.e., PCI, 2012b) Architectural Survey report. Therefore, the inventory of sites and/or districts already listed on and/or previously determined by NYSOPRHP to be eligible for listing on the NRHP, historic context narratives and other background information included in the previous report remain applicable and are not replaced, revised, or supplemented herein.

1 The methodology for preparation of viewshed analyses is described in the Visual Impact Assessment report (edr, 2012b) for the Project.

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2.0 SUPPLEMENTAL HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY

2.1 Summary of Previously Conducted Historic-Architectural Resources Survey As stated above, this addendum report is intended to supplement and update previous cultural resources studies conducted for an earlier (superseded) Project layout (PCI, 2012a, 2012b). Previously cultural resources studies for the Project include a Phase 1A Cultural Resources Survey (PCI, 20012a) and Architectural Survey for 5-Mile Study Area (PCI, 2012b) conducted in 2008-2009 that evaluated an earlier project layout, which has subsequently been revised. The findings of these previous studies are summarized below.

The Phase 1A Cultural Resources Survey (PCI, 2012a) for the Project included an inventory of previously identified archeological sites and architectural (historic) resources located within five miles of the earlier (superseded) 2008 Project layout. The report also describes the historic background of the Project site and surrounding five-mile study area, includes details from historic maps that show the locations of extant and subsequently demolished or abandoned structures within and near the Project site, and evaluates archeological sensitivity of the Project site. The Phase 1A report concluded with recommendations to conduct an archeological survey within the limits of disturbance associated with the construction of the Project, and an architectural survey to identify historic resources (buildings, cemeteries, and other properties) located within the visual area of potential effect (APE) of the Project.

The previous Architectural Survey for 5-Mile Study Area report (PCI, 2012b) was conducted in 2008-2009 based on an earlier (superseded) Project layout. The report included an inventory of sites listed on, and previously determined eligible for listing on, the NRHP within the five-mile study area for the 2008 Project layout. These included two NRHP-listed historic districts, nine NRHP-listed individual buildings, and 14 NRHP-eligible individual buildings. The report also included detailed historic context statements for municipalities and descriptions of typical architectural styles located within the five-mile study area. The results of historic-architectural resources survey fieldwork of those areas with potential visibility of the Project (based on topographic viewshed mapping) within five miles of the 2008 layout resulted in the identification of 136 additional recommended NRHP-eligible individual buildings, approximately 63 of which are clustered in three recommended historic districts (all located within the City of Cortland). Descriptions of the 136 additional recommended NRHP-eligible properties were presented in an annotated historic property inventory. The report also included an analysis of Project visibility and distance to historic resources, and describes recommendations for typical cultural resources mitigation projects, which could include activities such as additional historic resources surveys, NRHP nominations, monetary contributions to historic property restoration causes, development of heritage tourism promotional materials, development of educational materials and lesson plans, and development of public history materials, such as roadside markers.

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2.2 Historic Resources Survey Methods The supplemental historic resources survey identified and documented those buildings (or properties) within the study area that, in the opinion of the architectural historian, appeared to satisfy NRHP eligibility criteria. Areas and resources previously evaluated during the 2008 Architectural Survey were not revisited during the supplemental survey. Each property included in the supplemental survey was assigned a sequential survey number. Documentation of each property included one or more photographs of the building (or property), recording the property name and/or street address, and field notes describing the style, physical characteristics and materials (e.g., number of stories, external siding, type of plan, roof, foundation, and sash), and other noteworthy characteristics. Potential historic resources were photographed and assessed from public rights of way. No inspections or evaluations requiring access to private property were conducted as part of this survey.

Buildings that are not sufficiently old (i.e., are less than 50 years in age), that lacked architectural integrity, or otherwise were evaluated by edr’s architectural historian as lacking historical or architectural significance are not included in or described in this survey report.

2.3 Definition and Significance Criteria for Historic Resources The SEQR Handbook (NYSDEC, 2010) provides the following definition of historic resources:

The terms archaeological and historic resources are also often referred to as cultural resources. These resources may be located above ground, underground, or underwater, and have significance in the history, pre-history, architecture or culture of the nation, the State, or local or tribal communities (NYSDEC, 2010:192).

Historically significant properties are typically defined to include buildings, districts, objects, structures and/or sites listed, or that have been formally determined eligible for listing, on the State and/or National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)2, or that have been locally designated as historic landmarks. Criteria set forth by the National Park Service for evaluating historic properties (36 CFR 60.4) state that a historic building, district, object, structure or site is significant (i.e., eligible for listing on the NRHP) if the property conveys:

The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and

2 See also Section 3.2 in the previous Architectural Survey report for the Project (PCI, 2012b).

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A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D. that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history (CFR 2004a; NPS 1990).

2.4 Supplemental Historic Resources Survey Results The supplemental survey resulted in the identification of 108 additional individual properties (i.e., in addition to those described in the previous Architectural Survey [PCI, 2012b] for the Project3) which, in the opinion of the Project’s architectural historian, meet one or more criteria of those set out in NPS 36 CFR 60.4 for NRHP eligibility. Of these, all but nine are located in the City of Cortland. Photographs and descriptions of the 108 properties identified during the addendum survey are included in the annotated property list included as Appendix A.

The combined 2008 and supplemental historic/architectural resources surveys resulted in the identification of 299 properties that are recommended as being eligible for listing on the NRHP, as well as 11 sites or districts already listed on the NRHP, and 23 properties that NYSOPRHP has previously determined are eligible for listing on the NRHP (Table 1). The locations of these 333 properties and/or districts are shown on Figure 4. All of these properties are described in the Annotated Property Lists included in either the 2008 Architectural Survey (PCI, 2012b: Chapter 8) or Addendum Architectural Resources Survey (see Appendix A of this report). As summarized in Table 1, the majority of historic resources identified within the study area were located in the City of Cortland (234 historic resources) and Village of McGraw (34 historic resources). The remaining historic resources were distributed throughout the rural portions of the study area (Table 1; Figure 4).

3 The survey numbers used in the addendum survey continue the survey numbering established in the 2008 Architectural Survey (i.e., the previous survey included 222 potential historic properties, including 159 individual properties and 63 properties included in proposed historic districts; therefore first survey number assigned in the addendum survey was 223).

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Table 1. Summary of Historic Resources located within the Study Area.

NRHP Status Municipality NRHP Listed NRHP Eligible Recommended NRHP Eligible Total Cortland (city) 6 10 218 234 Cortlandville (town) 1 13 14

Cuyler (town) 1 1

Freetown (town) 1 1

Homer (town) 15 15

McGraw (village) 2 8 24 34 Solon (town) 1 6 7

Taylor (town) 3 3

Truxton (town) 1 5 18 24 Total 11 23 299 333

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3.0 PROJECT EFFECTS ON HISTORIC RESOURCES

3.1 Potential Effect on Historic Resources The Project’s potential effect on a given historic property would be a change (resulting from the introduction of wind turbines) in the property’s visual setting, if turbines are visible when the historic property is viewed from a publicly accessible vantage point. The Federal Regulations entitled “Protection of Historic Resources” (36 CFR 800) include in Section 800.5(2) a discussion of potential adverse effects on historic resources. The following types of effects apply to wind energy projects include:

“Adverse effects on historic properties include, but are not limited to: [items i-iii do not apply]; (iv) Change of the character of the property’s use or of physical features within the property's setting that contribute to its historic significance; (v) Introduction of visual, atmospheric or audible elements that diminish the integrity of the property's significant historic features; [items vi-vii do not apply]” (CFR, 2004b).

As it pertains to historic properties, setting is defined as “the physical environment of a historic property” and is one of seven aspects of a property’s integrity, which refers to the “ability of a property to convey its significance” (NPS, 1990:44-45). The other aspects of integrity include location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

The potential effect resulting from the introduction of wind turbines into the visual setting for any historic or architecturally significant property is dependent on a number of factors including the number of visible turbines, distance, visual dominance, orientation of views, viewer context and activity, and the types and density of modern features in the existing view (such as buildings/residences, overhead electrical transmission lines, cellular towers, billboards, highways, and silos). It is also worth noting that visual setting may or may not be an important factor contributing to a given property’s historical significance. Scenic views and/or association with the landscape are not specifically identified as contributing to the significance of any of the historic resources in the study area.

The potential visibility and visual impact of the proposed Project is evaluated in the Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) for the Project (edr, 2012b). The VIA includes an evaluation of the potential visibility of the Project based on viewshed analysis (including the screening effects of vegetation and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) warning light visibility), field confirmation of visibility utilizing helium-filled balloons raised to the maximum blade-tip height of the proposed turbines, preparation of representative visual simulations, and evaluation of visual simulations by a panel of Registered Landscape Architects. Visual simulations from the VIA are included as Appendix B in this addendum report.

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Visibility of a project does not necessarily indicate that an adverse effect will occur. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) guidance concerning visual impacts on aesthetic resources of statewide significance (which include NRHP-listed and NRHP-eligible structures) defines significant aesthetic impacts as those “that may cause a diminishment of the public enjoyment and appreciation of an inventoried resources, or one that impairs the character or quality of such a place… Mere visibility, even startling visibility of a project proposal, should not be a threshold for decision making. Instead a project, by virtue of its visibility, must clearly interfere with or reduce the public’s enjoyment and/or appreciation of the appearance of an inventoried resource” (NYSDEC, 2000:5).

Most of the historic resources identified within the study area were recommended NRHP-eligible under Criterion C (i.e., they “embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction” [CFR, 2004a]). These properties are typically determined NRHP-eligible because they are representative examples of vernacular nineteenth-century architectural styles that retain their overall integrity of design and materials, or are associated with broad themes such as the agricultural development of the region. These properties would retain the characteristics that caused them to be recommended eligible after the introduction of wind turbines into their visual settings. For these types of resources, the potential change in the setting resulting from the Project will not necessarily result in diminished public enjoyment and appreciation of a given historic property, or impair its character or quality (per NYSDEC, 2000, see above).

3.2 Project Visibility Analysis The potential visibility of the Project from each of the 333 identified historic resources within the study area is summarized in Table 2 (see the next page) and depicted in Figure 4. The visibility analysis includes the combined results of both survey episodes and includes consideration of two viewshed analyses: one based solely on topography and the other based on the combined potential screening effect of topography and forest vegetation. The topographic viewshed defines the maximum area from which any of the proposed turbines could potentially be seen (ignoring the screening effects of existing vegetation and structures), and therefore represents a "worst case" assessment of potential Project visibility.

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Table 2. Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources. Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Tompkins Street/Main Street Tompkins, Historic District Main Street Cortland 90NR00267 NRHP Listed 4.3 Background Visible Visible Main Street Historic District Main Street McGraw 90NR00273 NRHP Listed 1.1 Mid-ground Visible Partially Visible 12 Arthur Recommended 1 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 14 Arthur Recommended 2 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 29 Cedar Recommended 3 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 33 Cedar Recommended 4 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Recommended 5 DL&W RR Signal Tower Central Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 87 Central Recommended 6 "Lunch Room" Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 92, 94 Central Recommended 7 DL&W Freight House Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Recommended 8 DL&W RR Passenger Station Central Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Recommended 9 Cortland High School Central Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 11 Charles Recommended 10 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 17 Charles Recommended 11 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 27 Charles Recommended 12 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 47 Charles Recommended 13 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 3 Church Recommended 14 Unitarian Church Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 15 4 Church Cortland Recommended 4.3 Background Visible Visible

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Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Street NRHP Eligible 11 Church Recommended 16 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 19 Church Recommended 17 Baptist Church Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible United Presbyterian Church 25 Church 18 & Manse Street Cortland 02NR01889 NRHP Listed 4.3 Background Visible Visible 32 Church 19 Cortland Free Library Street Cortland 07NR05818 NRHP Listed 4.3 Background Visible Visible 45 Church Recommended 20 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 9 Clinton 21 Avenue Cortland 02340.000919 NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 59-61 Clinton Recommended 22 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Recommended 23 Grace Episcopal Church 13 Court Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Recommended 24 Dr. F.W. Wiggins Office 20 Court Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 25 Fire House 21 Court Street Cortland 90NR00265 NRHP Listed 4.4 Background Visible Visible Recommended 26 Former YMCA 22 Court Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Recommended 27 Franklin Hatch Library 24 Court Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 39 East Court 28 Street Cortland 02340.000857 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 42 East Court Recommended 29 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Recommended 30 First Congregational Church 10 Elm Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Recommended 31 60 Elm Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.0 Background Visible Visible Recommended 32 14 Grant Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible

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Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Recommended 33 18 Grant Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Recommended 34 22 Grant Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Greenbush 35 Cortland County Jail Street Cortland 91NR00162 NRHP Listed 4.3 Background Visible Visible 41 Greenbush Recommended 36 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 45 Greenbush Recommended 37 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Cortland County Courthouse 46 Greenbush 38 & Courthouse Park Street Cortland 90NR00266 NRHP Listed 4.3 Background Visible Visible First Church of Christ 49 Greenbush Recommended 39 Scientist Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 70 Greenbush Recommended 40 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 9 Groton Recommended 41 Hewett Building Avenue Cortland 02340.000921 NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 11 Groton Recommended 42 Adessa Block Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 12-16 Groton Recommended 43 Telephone Building (Verizon) Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 13 Groton Recommended 44 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 16 Hubbard Recommended 45 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.8 Background Visible Visible 28 Hubbard Recommended 46 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Visible 29 Hubbard Recommended 47 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.8 Background Visible Visible Recommended 48 9 Jewett Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 14 North Recommended 49 Church Street Cortland 02340.000402 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible

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Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 15 North Recommended 50 Church Street Cortland 02340.000384 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 51 North Recommended 51 Church Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 39 North Main Recommended 52 Cortland Granite Works Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 44 North Main Recommended 53 St. Mary's R.C. Church Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible North Main Recommended 54 St. Mary's Rectory Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 59 North Main Recommended 55 St. Mary's Convent Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 61 North Main Recommended 56 St. Mary's School Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 53 North Main Recommended 57 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 83 North Main 58 Street Cortland 02340.000917 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 84 North Main Recommended 59 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 85 North Main Recommended 60 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 86 North Main Recommended 61 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 87 North Main Recommended 62 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 88 North Main Recommended 63 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 89 North Main Recommended 64 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 90 North Main Recommended 65 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 91 North Main Recommended 66 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible

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Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 93 North Main Recommended 67 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 4 Pendleton Recommended 68 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Visible 58 Pendleton Recommended 69 F.H. Cobb Company Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 6-8 Rickard Recommended 70 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.0 Background Visible Visible 4095 Hicks Hill Recommended 71 Hicks Farm Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 1.1 Mid-ground Visible Visible 4097 Hicks Hill Recommended 72 Hicks Farm Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 4141 Hicks Hill Recommended 73 Hicks Farm Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible 1655 Lighthouse Hill Recommended 74 Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Not Visible Not Visible Bridge over East Lorings Recommended 75 Tioughnioga River Crossing Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 2.0 Mid-ground Not Visible Not Visible 1949 Lorings 76 Cortland County Poor Farm Crossing Road Cortlandville 90NR00262 NRHP Listed 1.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 77 1709? NY 13 Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 3.1 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 78 1793 NY 13 Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 2.6 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 79 4477NY 41 Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 80 Telephone Building (Verizon) NY 41 Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 2494 Pendleton Recommended 81 Farm Complex Street Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 2795 Phelps Recommended 82 Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 0.6 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible

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Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 1994 River Recommended 83 Dist. No. 3 School Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 1.8 Mid-ground Visible Visible 24 Church 84 McGraw Grange Hall Street McGraw 02340.000082 NRHP Eligible 1.1 Mid-ground Visible Visible 39 Clinton Recommended 85 Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 10 East Recommended 86 Academy McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 12 East Recommended 87 Academy McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 14 East Recommended 88 Academy McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 7 East Academy Recommended 89 Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 8 East Academy Recommended 90 Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 91 McGraw Depot DL&W RR 2 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 92 7 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 93 B.H. Randall Residence 11 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 94 McGraw Box Company 12 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 95 13 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 96 20 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 97 22 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 98 23 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 14 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Recommended 99 27 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 100 31 Elm Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 12.5 Main Recommended 101 K.C. Roes Garage Street/NY 41 McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 102 McGraw Rural Cemetery NY 41 McGraw NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 103 Old Fire House 12 South Street McGraw 02343.000016 NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Visible 18-24 South 104 "The Brick" Street McGraw 02343.000017 NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 105 "The Brick" 23 South Street McGraw 02343.000017 NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 106 Former Corset Factory 25 South Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Visible 107 27 South Street McGraw 02343.00001 NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible 108 McGraw House 30 South Street McGraw 02343.000019 NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 109 A.P. McGraw House 35 South Street McGraw 02343.000012 NRHP Eligible 1.4 Mid-ground Visible Visible West Academy Recommended 110 NYC College Cemetery Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 2 West Academy Recommended 111 Street McGraw 02343.000054 NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Visible West Academy Recommended 112 McGraw High School Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Visible 16 West Academy Recommended 113 Street McGraw NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Visible 19-21 West Academy 114 Street McGraw 02343.000048 NRHP Eligible 1.5 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Central Paper Box Company 12 West Main 115 Inc Street McGraw 02343.000097 NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Visible 116 Presbyterian Church 3 West Main McGraw 90NR00272 NRHP Listed 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 15 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Street/NY 41 Recommended 117 Loope Cemetery NY 41 Solon NRHP Eligible 3.6 Background Visible Not Visible Whitehouse Milk & Cream Recommended 118 Co. 2977 NY 41 Freetown NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible Recommended 119 2102 NY 13 Homer NRHP Eligible 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Visible River Crossing Recommended 120 Road Homer NRHP Eligible 0.5 Foreground Visible Visible 2128 River Recommended 121 Road Homer NRHP Eligible 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Visible 2177 River Recommended 122 Road Homer NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 2185 River Recommended 123 Crocker Farmhouse Road Homer NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 2205 River Recommended 124 The Windwood Farms Road Homer NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible 2520 River Recommended 125 Road Homer NRHP Eligible 0.6 Mid-ground Visible Visible 5375 Town Recommended 126 Line Road Homer NRHP Eligible 0.7 Mid-ground Visible Visible 5433 Mead Recommended 127 East Homer School Road Homer NRHP Eligible 1.1 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 128 East Homer Cemetery NY 13 Homer NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 4417 Maybury Recommended 129 Road Solon NRHP Eligible 0.6 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 130 4249 NY 41 Solon NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 131 4256 NY 41 Solon NRHP Eligible 0.7 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 132 Maplewood Cemetery North Road Solon NRHP Eligible 0.9 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 133 Unnamed Cemetery 3747 NY 41 Solon Recommended 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 16 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 NRHP Eligible 134 Hathaway Homestead 3976 NY 41 Solon 90NR00264 NRHP Listed 1.2 Mid-ground Visible Visible Taylor Valley Recommended 135 Taylor Valley Cemetery Road Taylor NRHP Eligible 0.7 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 3622 Cheningo Recommended 136 Road Truxton NRHP Eligible 0.5 Foreground Visible Not Visible Recommended 137 Farm Complex 3215 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 1.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 138 Milkland Motel 3455 NY 13 Truxton 02313.000027 NRHP Eligible 1.7 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 139 3989 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.2 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 140 4481 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Not Visible Recommended 141 Apulia Cemetery NY 91 Truxton NRHP Eligible 5.0 Background Visible Visible Taylor Valley Recommended 142 Cheningo Cemetery Road Truxton NRHP Eligible 1.3 Mid-ground Visible Visible 6312 Academy 143 Street Truxton 02313.000021 NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Solomon Goddard House & 6313 Academy 144 Octagonal Carriage Barn Street Truxton 02313.000001 NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 6321 Academy 145 Street Truxton 02313.000021 NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 6337 Academy Recommended 146 Truxton Elementary School Street Truxton 02313.000033 NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 147 John J. McGraw Field Cheningo Road Truxton NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 148 St. Patrick Cemetery NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 149 Truxton Cemetery NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 150 3660 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 2.8 Mid-ground Visible Visible 151 3699 NY 13 Truxton Recommended 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 17 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 NRHP Eligible 152 3703 NY 13 Truxton 02313.000002 NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 153 Hiawatha Hotel 3744 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 154 3766 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 155 Farm Complex 3851 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.1 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 156 John McGraw Memorial NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible Recommended 157 Truxton Methodist Church 6270 NY 13 Truxton NRHP Eligible 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible 3749 Prospect Recommended 158 Street Truxton NRHP Eligible 3.1 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 6290 Railroad 159 Truxton Depot Street Truxton 03NR05138 NRHP Listed 2.9 Mid-ground Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 17-19 North Recommended 160 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000385 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 20 North Recommended 161 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000405 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 21 North Recommended 162 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000994 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 24 North Recommended 163 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000407 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 25 North Recommended 164 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000386 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 26 North Recommended 165 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000408 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 27 North Recommended 166 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000387 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 28-30 North Recommended 167 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000409 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 18 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 North Church Street Historic 29 North Recommended 168 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000388 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 31-33 North Recommended 169 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000389 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 32 North Recommended 170 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000410 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 34 North Recommended 171 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000411 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 35 North Recommended 172 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000390 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 37 North Recommended 173 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000391 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible North Church Street Historic 39 North Recommended 174 District (Proposed) Church Street Cortland 02340.000392 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 2 East Main Recommended 175 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 3 East Main Recommended 176 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 4 East Main Recommended 177 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 5 East Main Recommended 178 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 6 East Main Recommended 179 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 7 East Main Recommended 180 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 8 East Main Recommended 181 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 9 East Main Recommended 182 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 19 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Northeast Main Street 11 East Main Recommended 183 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 13 East Main Recommended 184 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 15 East Main Recommended 185 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 83 North Main 186 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland 02340.000917 NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 84 North Main Recommended 187 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 85 North Main Recommended 188 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 86 North Main Recommended 189 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 87 North Main Recommended 190 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 88 North Main Recommended 191 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 89 North Main Recommended 192 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 90 North Main Recommended 193 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 91 North Main Recommended 194 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Northeast Main Street 93 North Main Recommended 195 Historic District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 53 Church Recommended 196 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 54 Church Recommended 197 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 20 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 55 Church Recommended 198 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 56 Church Recommended 199 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 57 Church Recommended 200 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 58 Church Recommended 201 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 59 Church Recommended 202 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 60 Church Recommended 203 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 61 Church Recommended 204 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 62 Church Recommended 205 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 63 Church Recommended 206 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 64 Church Recommended 207 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 66 Church Recommended 208 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 21 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 70 Greenbush Recommended 209 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 72 Greenbush Recommended 210 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 74 Greenbush Recommended 211 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 61 Port Watson Recommended 212 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 65 Port Watson Recommended 213 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 14 Williams Recommended 214 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 21 Williams Recommended 215 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 22 Williams Recommended 216 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 23 Williams Recommended 217 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 24 Williams Recommended 218 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 26 Williams Recommended 219 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 22 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 28 Williams Recommended 220 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 30 Williams Recommended 221 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Church-Williams-Port Watson Historic District 32 Williams Recommended 222 (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Cosmos Hill Recommended 223 Road Homer NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible Recommended 224 Glenwood Cemetery Route 281 Homer NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 54 Copeland Recommended 225 Avenue Homer NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Not Visible 64 Copeland Recommended 226 Avenue Homer NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Visible 74 Copeland Recommended 227 Avenue Homer NRHP Eligible 4.0 Background Visible Visible 4536 Route Recommended 228 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 4512 Route Recommended 229 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 4495 Route Recommended 230 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 4493 Route Recommended 231 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible 4514 Route Recommended 232 Cortland Country Club 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Visible 4447 Route Recommended 233 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 4445 Route Recommended 234 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 235 4357 Route Cortland Recommended 4.5 Background Visible Not Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 23 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 281 NRHP Eligible 36 West Main Recommended 236 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 1 Bellevue Recommended 237 Crown Alliance Church Avenue Cortland 02340.000585 NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible Recommended 238 St. Mary's Cemetery Route 281 Cortland NRHP Eligible 5.0 Background Visible Visible 76 West Main Recommended 239 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 35 West Main Recommended 240 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 29-31 West Recommended 241 Main Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Not Visible 126 West Recommended 242 Homer Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Not Visible 136 West Main Recommended 243 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Not Visible 6059 Pease Recommended 244 Hill Road Cuyler NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 4331 Potter Hill Recommended 245 Road Taylor 02312.000020 NRHP Eligible 3.0 Mid-ground Visible Visible 3721 Taylor Recommended 246 Valley Road Taylor 02312.000039 NRHP Eligible 3.6 Background Visible Visible Recommended 247 4732 Route 41 Cortland NRHP Eligible 2.4 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 248 4722 Route 41 Cortland NRHP Eligible 2.4 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Recommended 249 4716 Route 41 Cortland NRHP Eligible 2.3 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible Route 41 and Hobart Hill Recommended 250 Sunnybrook Farm Road Cortlandville NRHP Eligible 2.0 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 2422 County Recommended 251 Road 114 Cortland NRHP Eligible 0.4 Foreground Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 24 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 3439 Clute Recommended 252 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.5 Mid-ground Visible Not Visible 3709 Clute Recommended 253 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 3.9 Background Visible Visible 16-18 Crawford Recommended 254 Madison Cortland ARC Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible South Main Lehigh Valley Railroad Street/South Recommended 255 Passenger Station Ave. Cortland 02340.000003 NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 24-26 South Recommended 256 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible 49 Owego Recommended 257 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 5.0 Background Visible Visible 50 Owego Recommended 258 Owego Apartments Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 5.0 Background Visible Visible Recommended 259 25 Union Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 21 Reynolds Recommended 260 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 20 Reynolds Recommended 261 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 18 Reynolds Recommended 262 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible Recommended 263 7 Argyle Place Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 15 Prospect Recommended 264 Terrace Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 25 Prospect Recommended 265 Terrace Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 31 Prospect Recommended 266 Terrace Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 39 Prospect Recommended 267 Terrace Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 268 40 Prospect Cortland Recommended 4.8 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 25 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Terrace NRHP Eligible 18 James Recommended 269 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 53 Prospect Recommended 270 Terrace Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible SUNY Cortland - Moffett 40 Graham 271 Center Avenue Cortland 02340.000875 NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 272 SUNY Cortland - Old Main 1 Gerhart Drive Cortland 02340.000489 NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible SUNY Cortland - Brockway/Cheney/DeGroat Graham Recommended 273 Halls Avenue Cortland 02340.001015 NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 154 Madison Recommended 274 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible 53 Hamlin Recommended 275 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 130 Madison Recommended 276 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 126 West Main Recommended 277 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Not Visible 124 West Main Recommended 278 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Not Visible 19 Arthur Recommended 279 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 21 Arthur Recommended 280 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible 123 Groton 281 Avenue Cortland 02340.000890 NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 55 Lincoln Recommended 282 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible 17 Lincoln Recommended 283 Avenue Cortland 02340.000538 NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible Suggett House - Cortland 25 Homer Recommended 284 County Historical Society Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 285 26 Homer Cortland 02340.000537 NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 26 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 Avenue 45 Homer Recommended 286 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 51 Madison Recommended 287 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 49 Madison Recommended 288 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 46 Madison Recommended 289 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 44 Madison Recommended 290 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 38 Madison Recommended 291 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.4 Background Visible Visible 30 Madison Recommended 292 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.3 Background Visible Visible Homer Avenue United 30 Homer Recommended 293 Methodist Church Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 66 Maple Recommended 294 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 67 Maple Recommended 295 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible 88-90 Maple Recommended 296 Avenue Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible Alton B. Parker Elementary 89 Madison Recommended 297 School Street Cortland 02340.000956 NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible 15 Monroe Recommended 298 Heights Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 19 West Court Recommended 299 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 21 West Court Recommended 300 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 23 West Court Recommended 301 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 27 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 West Court West Court Street Historic Street/Monroe Recommended 302 District (Proposed) Heights Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.5 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 25 West Court Recommended 303 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 27 West Court Recommended 304 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 31 West Court Recommended 305 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 43 West Court Recommended 306 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 45 West Court Recommended 307 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 44 West Court Recommended 308 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 46 West Court Recommended 309 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 48 West Court Recommended 310 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 47 West Court Recommended 311 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 54 West Court Recommended 312 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 56 West Court Recommended 313 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 53 West Court Recommended 314 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 27 Pleasant Recommended 315 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 64 West Court Recommended 316 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible

Crown City Wind Farm 28 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Turbine Visibility Distance Considering Survey NYSOPRHP to Nearest Distance Considering Property Name Address Municipality NRHP Status Vegetation # USN Turbine Zone Topography and (Miles) Only1 Topography2 West Court Street Historic 49 West Court Recommended 317 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible West Court Street Historic 33 West Court Recommended 318 District (Proposed) Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible 22 Stevenson Recommended 319 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 53 Clayton Recommended 320 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 88 Port Watson Recommended 321 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.2 Background Visible Visible Brewer-Titchener 111 Port Recommended 322 Corporation Watson Street Cortland 02340.000678 NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Not Visible 75 East Court Recommended 323 Cortland Corset Factory Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.1 Background Visible Visible 47 Pomeroy Recommended 324 Pomeroy School Street Cortland 02340.000483 NRHP Eligible 3.8 Background Visible Not Visible 9 Stevenson Recommended 325 Street Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.6 Background Visible Visible 2 Otter Creek Recommended 326 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.7 Background Visible Visible 4 Otter Creek Recommended 327 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 6 Otter Creek Recommended 328 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 8 Otter Creek Recommended 329 Road Cortland NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible SUNY Cortland President's Graham 330 Residence Avenue Cortland 02340.000490 NRHP Eligible 4.8 Background Visible Visible 331 51 Union Street Cortland 02340.000465 NRHP Eligible 4.9 Background Visible Visible

1 Potential visibility of the Project based on topography only; the potential screening effects of structures and vegetation are not taken into account. The topography-only viewshed analysis therefore overstates the potential visibility of the Project. 2 Potential visibility of the Project taking into account the potential screening effect of forest vegetation (with an assumed height of 40 feet), which reduces the amount of area from which the Project will be potentially visible.

Crown City Wind Farm 29 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

In addition to considering the potential visibility of the Project as indicated by viewshed mapping, the visibility analysis presented in Table 2 also considers the distance from each resource to the nearest turbine. Three distinct distance zones are typically defined in visual studies. Consistent with well-established agency protocols (e.g., Jones and Jones 1977; U.S. Forest Service, 1995), edr generally defines these zones as follows:

 Foreground: 0 to 0.5 mile. At these distances, a viewer is able to perceive details of an object with clarity. Surface textures, small features, and the full intensity and value of color can be seen on foreground objects.

 Mid-ground: 0.5 to 3.5 miles. The mid-ground is usually the predominant distance at which landscapes are seen. At these distances a viewer can perceive individual structures and trees but not in great detail. This is the zone where the parts of the landscape start to join together; individual hills become a range, individual trees merge into a forest, and buildings appear as simple geometric forms. Colors will be clearly distinguishable, but will have a bluish cast and a softer tone than those in the foreground. Contrast in color and texture among landscape elements will also be reduced.

 Background: Over 3.5 miles. The background defines the broader regional landscape within which a view occurs. Within this distance zone, the landscape has been simplified; only broad landforms are discernible, and atmospheric conditions often render the landscape an overall bluish color. Texture has generally disappeared and color has flattened, but large patterns of vegetation are discernible. Silhouettes of one land mass set against another and/or the skyline are often the dominant visual characteristics in the background. The background contributes to scenic quality by providing a softened background for foreground and mid-ground features, an attractive vista, or a distant focal point.

Of the 333 historic resources within the study area, 241 resources are located more than 3.5 miles from the Project (i.e., resources where the Project would be a feature in the background), 89 resources are located between 0.5 and 3.5 miles from the Project (i.e., where the Project would be a feature in the mid-ground), and three resources are located less than 0.5-mile from the Project (i.e., where the Project would be a feature in the foreground). The numbers of historic properties with potential Project visibility (based solely on topography) located in each municipality that fall within these various distances zones are summarized in Table 3.

Crown City Wind Farm 30 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Table 3. Summary of Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources Considering Topography Only.

Potential Visibility by Distance Zone Municipality Foreground Mid-ground Background Total Visible Visible Not Visible4 Visible Cortland (city) 1 4 229 234

Cortlandville (town) 11 2 1 14

Cuyler (town) 1 1

Freetown (town) 1 1

Homer (town) 1 9 5 15

McGraw (village) 34 34

Solon (town) 6 1 7

Taylor (town) 2 1 3

Truxton (town) 1 21 2 24

Total 3 87 2 241 333

To supplement the topographic viewshed analysis, a vegetation viewshed was also prepared to illustrate the potential screening provided by forest vegetation. A base vegetation layer was created using the 2006 USGS National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) to identify the mapped location of forestland (including the Deciduous Forest, Evergreen Forest, and Mixed Forest NLCD classifications) within the visual study area. Based on standard visual assessment practice, the mapped locations of the forest land were assigned an assumed height of 40 feet and added to the DEM. Once the initial vegetation viewshed analysis was completed, a Spatial Analyst conditional statement was used to assign zero visibility to all areas of mapped forest, resulting in the final vegetation viewshed. The vegetation viewshed is based on the assumption that in most forested areas, outward views will be well screened by the overhead tree canopy. During the growing season the forest canopy will fully block views of the proposed turbines, and such views will typically be almost completely obscured, or at least significantly screened by tree trunks and branches, even under “leaf-off” conditions.

Because it accounts for the screening provided by mapped forest stands, the vegetation viewshed is a much more accurate representation of potential Project visibility. The potential visual screening provided by forest vegetation within the study area, which reduces the amount of area from which the Project will be potentially visible, is depicted on Figure 4. The numbers of historic properties with potential visibility of the Project (considering screening provided by topography and mapped forest vegetation) are summarized in Table 3. It is important to note that this assessment of potential visibility does not take into account screening that would be provided by buildings, street trees, yard vegetation, or other factors that may reduce actual Project visibility.

4 The two historic resources located within the study area that do not have potential visibility of the Project (based solely on topography) were identified during the previous (2008-2009) architectural survey (PCI, 2012b) and are located in areas where turbines in the former (superseded) layout would have been visible, but where no turbines in the current layout are visible.

Crown City Wind Farm 31 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Table 4. Summary of Potential Project Visibility from Historic Resources Considering Topography and Vegetation.

Potential Visibility by Distance Zone Municipality Foreground Mid-ground Background Total Visible Not Visible Visible Partially Visible Not Visible Visible Not Visible Cortland (city) 1 4 221 8 234

Cortlandville (town) 9 4 1 14

Cuyler (town) 1 1

Freetown (town) 1 1

Homer (town) 1 8 1 4 1 15

McGraw (village) 23 1 10 34

Solon (town) 4 2 1 7

Taylor (town) 1 1 1 3

Truxton (town) 1 19 2 1 1 24

Total 2 1 64 1 24 230 11 333

Considering the screening effects of forest vegetation (as opposed to only considering topography) results in 34 fewer historic resources with potential views of the Project (based on the results of viewshed analysis). However, it is important to note that because screening provided by buildings and street/yard trees, as well as characteristics of the proposed turbines that influence visibility (color, narrow profile, distance from viewer, etc.), are not taken consideration in the viewshed analyses, being within the viewshed does not necessarily equate to actual Project visibility. The visual simulations included in Appendix B demonstrate the screening effect of buildings and vegetation from a variety of distances and settings within the study area. In addition, field review of potential Project visibility conducted as part of the Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) for the Project verified that visual screening provided by existing buildings, yard trees, and other objects limit views of the Project from many areas where viewshed mapping suggests the Project is potentially visible, especially within urban, village, and hamlet settings (edr, 2012b). This was particularly true for the City of Cortland, where field review confirmed that buildings and trees screened views toward the Project site. Therefore, the data presented in Tables 3 and 4 (and shown on Figure 4) significantly overstates the potential visibility of the Project from historic resources within the study area.

As described in the VIA for the Project (edr, 2012b), the Project will result in generally greater visual contrast from vantage points located close to the turbines, where the turbines appear larger, and that provide relatively open views that feature multiple turbines. Therefore, the potential visual effect of the Project on the visual setting associated with historic resources will generally be greater for resources where the Project is featured in the foreground and/or near mid-ground (i.e., within approximately 1.5 miles) of the view. According to the viewshed model, forest vegetation will screen views of the Project from 17 of the 61 resources located within 1.5 miles of the Project (Table 2). Turbines

Crown City Wind Farm 32 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey will potentially be in the foreground of views from historic resources 251 (2422 County Road 114, Cortland) and 120 (River Crossing Road, Homer), but will be screened by vegetation from historic resource 136 (3622 Cheningo Road, Truxton; see Table 2). The visual simulations from Viewpoints 37 and 39 (see Appendix B), both of which are located approximately 0.4-mile from the nearest turbine, provide representative views of the scale and visual effect of wind turbines located in the foreground of the view.

In addition, another 58 properties are located between 0.5-mile and 1.5 miles from the Project. These include 34 historic resources located in the Village of McGraw (including the NRHP-Listed Main Street Historic District), and 28 historic resources dispersed throughout the rural areas in the vicinity of the Project. The field review conducted as part of the VIA indicated that visibility of the Project from McGraw will be highly variable. The Project will be a prominent feature in the views available from elevated, open vantage points located along the NYS Route 41 east of McGraw, and from higher elevation areas south of the village. However, from within the village, including from within the historic district, only occasional, partially screened views of the Project are expected. As shown in the visual simulation from Viewpoint 142 (see Appendix B), portions of single (or relatively few) turbines (or turbine blades) will be visible in the gaps between existing buildings and yard vegetation. From other vantage points in the village, the Project will be completely screened by existing buildings or trees. Regardless of the proximity of the proposed turbines, because views of the Project will be screened from most areas within the village, the Project is not expected to have a significant effect on the visual setting or character of historic resources located within the Village of McGraw. Similarly, the simulation from Viewpoint 70 (see Appendix B) demonstrates the screening effect of existing buildings from hamlet settings, in this case from the hamlet of East Homer. The simulations from Viewpoints 8 and 145 (see Appendix B) provide representative views of the visual effect of wind turbines located in the near mid- ground of the view from rural areas.

More distant mid-ground views (i.e., between1.5-3.5 miles) of the Project will be potentially available from 31 historic resources, all of which are located in the rural areas surrounding the Project. Views of the Project will be screened by forest vegetation from eight of these historic resources. As shown in the simulations from Viewpoints 73, 134, 150, 228, and 244 (see Appendix B), at these distances the proposed turbines (although readily apparent) will not necessarily be prominent features in the view. The potential effect of the Project on the visual setting associated with these resources will generally be less than for resources located closer to the Project. As described in the VIA for the Project (edr, 2012b), the effect on the view from vantage points where the Project will be featured in the distant mid- ground is dependent on many factors including the openness of the view, the number of visible turbines, the extent to which the Project is screened or partially screened by buildings, trees, or other objects, and the amount of existing visual clutter and/or modern intrusions in the view.

Crown City Wind Farm 33 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

Most (241) of the 333 historic resources within the study area are located greater than 3.5 miles from the Project. The the proposed turbines would be features in the background of the view from these resources. As described in the VIA and shown in the simulations from Viewpoint 224 (see Appendix B), , the proposed turbines will not be prominent features in the view from these areas and will not significantly affect the visual setting associated with historic resources located more than 3.5 miles from the turbines. The simulations also show that the turbines’ narrow profile and white color can significantly reduce their visibility and visual impact, especially at background distances.

Of these 241 resources with potential background views of the Project, 229 are located in the City of Cortland (the remaining 12 historic resources are dispersed throughout the rural areas around the periphery of the study area). The field review conducted as part of the VIA indicated that existing buildings, street trees, yard vegetation, utility poles, and other objects obstruct distant views out of the city and screen views of the Project site, particularly within the urban core, where most of the historic resources are located. Potential views of the Project from within the city were limited to the edges of the urban areas, where gaps between buildings allow for more distant views toward the Project site. As shown in the simulation from Viewpoint 181 (see Appendix B), from these areas distant, partially screened views of single (or relatively few) turbines (or turbine blades) will be available. However, these areas also feature more recent commercial and transportation development that diminishes the integrity of the setting of nearby historic resources. The Project is not expected to be visible from most portions of the City of Cortland. From areas where partial views of the Project are available, the Project will be a minor component in the background of the view and is not expected to have a significant effect on the visual setting associated with historic resources in the City.

Crown City Wind Farm 34 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

4.1 Summary of Historic Resources within the Study Area The results of the historic resources survey for the proposed Crown City Wind Farm can be summarized as follows:

 The five-mile-radius study area for the Project includes nine individual properties and two historic districts that are listed on the NRHP, and 23 properties that have been formally determined eligible by NYSOPRHP for listing on the NRHP.  The results of historic resources surveys conducted in 2008 and 2012 for the Project (described herein) resulted in the identification of 299 individual properties (63 of which are clustered in three recommended historic districts, all located within the City of Cortland) that, in the opinion of the Project’s architectural historian, satisfy NRHP eligibility criteria.  Of the 333 historic resources located within the study area, three provide potential foreground views of the Project, 58 potentially provide potential near mid-ground (within 1.5 miles) views of the Project, 31 potentially provide more distant mid-ground views (between 1.5 and 3.5 miles), and the Project would potentially be a feature in the background (i.e., over 3.5 miles) from the remaining 241 historic resources.

4.2 Conclusion Construction of the Project will not require the demolition or physical alteration of any buildings or other potential historic resources. No direct physical impacts to historic-architectural resources will occur as a result of the Project.

The Project’s potential effect on historic resources would be a change (resulting from the introduction of wind turbines) in the visual setting associated with a given historic resource. The analysis of the Project’s potential visual effects on historic resources can be summarized as follows:

 Consideration of the screening effects of forest vegetation in the viewshed analyses indicates that views of the Project will be screened from 34 of the historic resources within the study area. However, the vegetation viewshed analysis does not take into account screening that would be provided by buildings, street trees, yard vegetation, or other objects that could screen views of the Project from many locations (especially in urban, village, and hamlet settings). In addition, characteristics of the proposed turbines that influence visibility (color, narrow profile, distance from viewer, etc.), are not taken consideration in the viewshed analyses, so actual visibility of the Project is expected to be significantly less than indicated by viewshed mapping.

Crown City Wind Farm 35 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

 Most of the historic resources within the study area are concentrated in urban, village, and hamlet areas, including the City of Cortland and Village of McGraw. Existing buildings, vegetation, and other objects screen distant views from most areas within the city and the Project is not anticipated to have any effect on the setting associated with historic resources in Cortland. From within the Village of McGraw only occasional, partially screened views of the Project are expected. Portions of single (or relatively few) turbines (or turbine blades) will be visible in the gaps between existing buildings and yard vegetation (see Appendix B: Viewpoint 142). From other vantage points, the Project will be completely screened by existing buildings or trees. The Project is not expected to have a significant effect on the visual setting or character of historic resources located within the Village of McGraw.  The potential effect of the Project on the visual setting associated with historic resources is highly variable, and is dependent on a number of factors including the distance to the project, the number of visible turbines, the extent to which the Project is screened or partially screened by buildings, trees, or other objects, and the amount of existing visual clutter and/or modern intrusions in the view. It is also worth noting that visual setting may or may not be an important factor contributing to a given property’s historical significance. Scenic views and/or association with the landscape are not specifically identified as contributing to the significance of any of the historic resources in the study area.  In general, the scale and character of the wind turbines will result in a more significant effect on the setting associated with historic resources located in close proximity to the Project (i.e., within approximately 1.5 miles), and will generally result in less significant effects on properties where the turbines are features in the distant mid-ground or background of the view.  Visibility of the Project does not necessarily indicate that an adverse effect will occur. The historic resources within the study area would retain the characteristics that caused them to be listed on, or considered eligible for listing on, the NRHP regardless of the effect of wind turbines on their visual settings. The potential change in the visual setting resulting from the Project will not necessarily result in diminished public enjoyment and appreciation of historic resources in the study area, nor impair their character or quality.

Mitigation options are limited, given the nature of the Project and its siting criteria (very tall structures typically located in open fields at the highest locally available elevations). The previously prepared Architectural Resources Survey (PCI, 2012b) describes recommendations for typical cultural resources mitigation projects that have been proposed for other wind energy projects in New York State, which could include activities such as additional historic resources surveys, NRHP nominations, monetary contributions to historic property restoration causes, development of heritage tourism promotional materials, development of educational materials and lesson plans, and development of public history materials, such as roadside markers.

Crown City Wind Farm 36 Addendum Architectural Resources Survey

5.0 REFERENCES Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 2004a. Title 36 - Parks, Forests, and Public Property, Chapter I - National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Part 60 - National Register of Historic Places, Section 60.4 - Criteria For Evaluation. http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title36/36cfr60_main_02.tpl.

CFR. 2004b. 36 CFR 800 – Protection of Historic Properties [incorporating amendments effective August 5, 2004]. http://www.achp.gov/regs-rev04.pdf. edr Companies (edr). 2012a. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Crown City Wind Farm, Cortland County, New York. edr Companies, Syracuse, NY. edr Companies (edr). 2012b. Visual Impact Assessment: Crown City Wind Farm, Cortland County, New York. edr Companies, Syracuse, NY.

Jones and Jones. 1977. Esthetics and Visual Resource Management for Highways. Prepared by Jones and Jones for the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Environmental Policy.

National Park Service (NPS). 1990. How to Apply the National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation. National Register Bulletin No. 15. National Register Branch, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. http://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrb15.pdf.

New York Archaeological Council (NYAC). 1994. Standards for Cultural Resources Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections in New York State. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Waterford, NY.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). 2000. Assessing and Mitigating Visual Impacts. Program Policy DEP-00-2. Division of Environmental Permits, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.

NYSDEC. 2010. The SEQR Handbook. 3rd Edition. Division of Environmental Permits, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYSOPRHP). 2005. New York State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) Phase 1 Archaeological Report Format Requirements. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Waterford, NY.

NYSOPRHP. 2006. New York State Historic Preservation Office Guidelines for Wind Farm Development Cultural Resources Survey Work. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Waterford, NY.

United States Department of Agricultural (USDA), National Forest Service. 1995. Landscape Aesthetics, A Handbook for Scenery Management. Agricultural Handbook 701. Washington D.C.

Crown City Wind Farm 37

Figures

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Onondaga Madison County County Auburn

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Schuyler County ¤£11

Tioga ¦¨§88 Chemung County Delaware County County Broome Elmira Binghamton County µ N E W Y O R K 0 2.5 5 10 ¤£220 PENNSYLVANIA Miles

Crown City Wind Farm Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon and Truxton, Cortland County, NY Figure 1: Regional Project Location August 2012

Notes: Base Map: ESRI StreetMap North America, year 2008. www.edrcompanies.com HaightsGulf Rd Crown City Wind Farm

CR 114B Meade Rd

Dillon Rd Moore Rd CR 108 O Donnell Rd Towns of Cortlandville, Homer,

W Cheningo Rd Brown Rd Solon and Truxton 26 CR 600A 30 =&! Cortland County, NY CR 114 =&!

Gridley Rd

13 27 34

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Town LineTown Rd 33 Searls Rd January 2013 =&! 36 Cheningo Solon Pond Rd 8 =&! Sprouse Rd =&! *# Bell Rd 4 ! =& =&! 35 11 19 Harris Hill Rd =&! =&! 32 Town of ! 21 22 ! ! 5 =& =& =&! Forbes Rd Homer =& Angel Hill Rd

CR 600 ! CR 114A =& Wind Turbine 3 *# Meteorological Tower =&! =&! 23 Point of Interconnection Station 2 =&! CR 116B 10 =&! 39 *# Collection Substation 1 =&! 25

! Rd Knecht &! Parks Rd =& = 18 41 Transmission Line ! 4H Camp Rd =& =&! 43 Collection Line *# ! 24 40 =& ! Access Road =& =&!

Potter Rd Project Site 13 ! Town Boundary =& ! 44 Phelps Rd *# =& =&! 45 42 =&! 20 ! StreeterRd ! 12 =& CR CR 116A =& Maybury Rd 38 =&! Sportsman Club Rd Town of CR 502 Taylor Heath Rd 14 =&! Gilbert Rd

Harris Rd =&! 17 =&! 9 Town of Nichols Rd Solon 31 6 Widger Rd =&! Ames Rd =&! =&! 16 Town of 37 Cortlandville 28 Mosher Rd =&! =&! Wildman Rd 15 7 ! =& ! =& Notes:

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Stevens Rd

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26 CR11 Doran Hill Rd UV defined as areas of potential turbine May Rd visibility considering the screening effects Bennie Rd Blodgett Mills West Rd of topography only. Both the 2008 and the CR 122 2012 analyses were based on a maximum Gallagher Rd UV215 blade tip height of 150 meters. CR 124 Atkins Rd Ely Rd Stramba Rd Clark Rd Tower Rd Taranto Rd Center Rd Cincinnatus Rd Somerville Rd Knickerbocker Rd Sherman Rd

CR 12O Congdon Ln Clute Rd Hoxie Gorge Rd Town of Pitcher Brackel Rd Hoxie Gorge Freetown Rd Town of River Rd Stone Rd Cincinnatus Town of LashRd Freetown Maricle Rd Virgil Stafford Rd Clock Rd 23 CR 124A UV 0 0.5 1 2 Rd Hill Snyder Fox Rd Town of Miles Holler Rd Holler German CR 125 Freetown Cross Rd Piety Hill Rd µ www.edrcompanies.com Fabius Town of Cazenovia Town of

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Crown City Wind Farm !( Historic Survey Results Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon and Truxton Cortland County =&! 2012 Turbine Layout Figure 4: Historic Resources Survey Results Sheet Index Index 2012 5-Mile Study Area October 2012 Town Boundary

Notes: Base Map: ESRI StreetMap North America, year 2008. County Boundary www.edrcompanies.com Note: PotentialHewitt turbine Rdvisibility accounts for topography and potential screening by mapped forest vegetation (with an assumed height of 40 ft). The vegetation viewshed does not include the screening effects of isolated trees, hedgerows, or structures. Areas of mapped forest vegetation tend to be large, continuous and include both deciduous and evergreen vegeatation. Even during "leaf off" conditions, because of the density of trunks and crowns/limbs, views through more than 200 feet of bare deciduous trees are essentially fully screened. Therefore, except when directly adjacent to turbines in forested portions of Vormwald Rd

the study area, the vegetation viewshedPucker St is a reasonable predictor of both "leaf-on" and "leaf-off" visibility.

Bennett Hollow Rd

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Simon Rd

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CR 108

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Oshea Rd 120 251 !( !( 3 Old Homer &=! Hudson St Village Historic 2 Creal Hill Rd Prospect St District &=! Water, Wall, and 119 µ Pine Streets !( 1 US Post 0 1,000 2,000 4,000 Lenticular &=! 90 Feet Office--Homer UV Truss Bridges 124 Parks Rd 122 !( !(!( 123 2012 Historic Survey Results &=! 2012121 Turbine Layout Crown City Wind Farm !( !(224 *# NRHP-Eligible NRHP-Listed (NPS Data) Towns of Cortlandville,223 Homer, Solon and Truxton Cortland County !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible Visibility Screened by Topography 2008 Historic Survey Results Visibility Screened by Vegetation Figure 4: Historic Resources Survey Results NRHP-Listed 2012 5-Mile Study Area Sheet 1 of 9 ^_ *# NRHP-Eligible Town Boundary October 2012 !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible County Boundary Notes: Base Map: NYSDOT 7.5-minute Otisco Valley, Tully, Deruyter, Erieville, Homer, Truxton, Cuyler, South Otselic, Cortland, McGraw, Cincinnatus and Pitcher planimetric quadrangles. www.edrcompanies.com Note: Potential turbine visibility accounts for topography and potential screening by mapped forest vegetation (with an assumed height of 40 ft). The vegetation viewshed does not include the screening effects of isolated trees, hedgerows, or structures. Areas of mapped forest vegetation tend to be large, continuous and include both deciduous and evergreen vegeatation. Even during "leaf off" conditions, because of the density of trunks and crowns/limbs, views through more than 200 feet of bare deciduous trees are essentially fully screened. Therefore, except when directly adjacent to turbines in forested portions of the study area, the vegetation viewshed is a reasonable predictor of both "leaf-on" and "leaf-off" visibility.

Town of Truxton

Townof Cuyler

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New Rd

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Academy St

DawsonRd

!( !( *# !( *# *#!( !( *#!( !( !( !( !( Bells Mills Rd !( ^_!( !( Kenney Brook Rd Crains Mills Rd Town of Preble Town of Homer

Haights Gulf Rd

UV13 Singleton Rd 138 *#

Brown Rd

Dillon Rd 137 !( Moore Rd CR 600A

O Donnell Rd

Town ofHomer Town Town of Truxton of Town

CR 114B

136 !( 26 CR 114 ! 30 127 &= !( &=! Cheningo Rd 128 126 !( !( 27 34 Gridley Rd &=! &=!

CR 108C 33 &=! 36 8 Town Line Rd Bell Rd &=! Sprouse Rd &=! Maybury Rd 4 19 142 &=! ! &= 35 !( 11 Harris Hill Rd &=! &=! CR 600 125 21 22 !( 5 32 CR 116A ! ! &=! &= &= &=!

Town of Truxton CR 502 Town of Solon !( 3 23 ! ! &= CR 116B Potter Rd &= 39 ! 10 &= !

&= ofSolon Town 25 µ ofHomer Town

! Knecht Rd 0 Parks1,000 Rd 2,000 4,000 &= FeetHeath Rd 18 4H Camp Rd 41 &=! &=! &=! &=! Crown City Wind Farm 2012 Historic Survey Results &=! 2012 Turbine Layout Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon and Truxton *# NRHP-Eligible NRHP-Listed (NPS Data) Cortland County !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible Visibility Screened by Topography 2008 Historic Survey Results Visibility Screened by Vegetation Figure 4: Historic Resources Survey Results NRHP-Listed 2012 5-Mile Study Area Sheet 2 of 9 ^_ *# NRHP-Eligible Town Boundary October 2012 !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible County Boundary Notes: Base Map: NYSDOT 7.5-minute Otisco Valley, Tully, Deruyter, Erieville, Homer, Truxton, Cuyler, South Otselic, Cortland, McGraw, Cincinnatus and Pitcher planimetric quadrangles. www.edrcompanies.com Note: Potential turbine visibility accounts for topography and potential screening by mapped forest vegetation (with an assumed height of 40 ft). The vegetation viewshed does not include the screening effects CR 58 Keith Rd Stockton Rd of isolated trees, hedgerows, or structures. Areas of mapped forest vegetation tend to be large, continuous and include both deciduous and evergreen vegeatation. Even during "leaf off" conditions, because of the density of trunks and crowns/limbs, views through more than 200 feet of bare deciduous trees are essentially fully screened. Therefore, except when directly adjacent to turbines in forested portions of the study area, the vegetation viewshed is a reasonable predictor of both "leaf-on" and "leaf-off" visibility.

Townof DeRuyter

Townof Cuyler

Highbridge Rd Eaton Hill Rd Hill Rd Paradise Hill Rd

MadisonCounty CortlandCounty

UV13 CR53

Kelly Rd Tripoli Rd Richmond Rd

Keeney Rd

Richmond Hill Rd

Byron Rd Lincklaen Rd

Madison County Campbell Hill Rd 140 Chenango County !(

Midlum Rd Van Dee Rd

Midlum Spur Rd Crains Mills Rd

Pease Hill Rd CR 12

Stoney Brook Rd

244 !( Rose Valley Rd Town of Cuyler n Townof Lincklaen Town of Truxto Townof Cuyler

Enzes Rd

Hickey Rd

Chenango County

CortlandCounty

Dog Hollow Rd Cuyler Hill Rd

Lincklaen Hill Rd Brown Rd

Gridley Rd Randall Hill Rd Jones Rd

Cheningo Solon Pond Rd Potter Hill Cemetery Rd

142 LincklaenUnion Valley Rd !(

Town of Cuyler Angel Hill Rd Town of Taylor Jipson Hill Rd Town of Truxton Town of Truxton Town of Taylor Townof Lincklaen

Town of Solon Town of Taylor

Union Valley Rd

CR 600 Town of Taylor of Town µ ofSolon Town 0 1,000 2,000 4,000 Feet &=! &=!

135 2012 Historic Survey Results &=! Crown City Wind Farm !( 2012 Turbine Layout Towns of Cortlandville, Homer, Solon and Truxton *# NRHP-Eligible NRHP-Listed (NPS Data) Cortland County !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible Visibility Screened by Topography 2008 Historic Survey Results Visibility Screened by Vegetation Figure 4: Historic Resources Survey Results NRHP-Listed 2012 5-Mile Study Area Sheet 3 of 9 ^_ *# NRHP-Eligible Town Boundary October 2012 !( Recommended NRHP-Eligible County Boundary Notes: Base Map: NYSDOT 7.5-minute Otisco Valley, Tully, Deruyter, Erieville, Homer, Truxton, Cuyler, South Otselic, Cortland, McGraw, Cincinnatus and Pitcher planimetric quadrangles. www.edrcompanies.com