Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Diversity of during Monsoon Season in an Urban Reserve Forest Patch of Bangalore City

Subhashini R M1* and Antoney P U2 1IVth semester MSc. Zoology Student. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029 2Professor of Zoology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru-560029

Abstract:- Butterflies are the indicators of various and order . They can be classified into two ecological characteristics of a habitat. They are highly superfamilies Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. The sensitive to the changes in the environment and thus Hesperioidea consists of skippers and the Papilionoidea would help to determine the health of the ecosystem. consists of the true butterflies. There are six families; Hence assessing the diversity of butterflies of an area Hesperiidea, Papilionoidea, Pieridae, , becomes very much significant. The present study on Riodinidae and Lycanidae [6]. diversity during the monsoon season was carried out in Bangalore – urban, at two different study The present study on butterfly diversity during the areas; Doresanipalya reserve forest and Lalbagh monsoon season aims to have knowledge on the species Botanical garden. Random survey of butterflies was richness and diversity of butterflies at two different study done using a Line transect method. A total of 43 species areas of Bangalore urban - Doresanipalya forest and of butterflies, belonging to six families were recorded in Lalbagh Botanical Garden during the monsoon season. the Doresanipalya forest and a total of 30 species, belonging to five families were recorded in Lalbagh. The II. STUDY AREA family Nymphalidae was found to be dominant family at both the study areas. The diversity indices such as The study was conducted in two different areas in Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Shannon Evenness Bangalore urban; Doresanipalya forest and Lalbagh. index and Simpsons diversity index were calculated for Doresanipalya forest is also known as J P Nagar Reserve the study sites. forest. It is located amidst the concrete city, J P Nagar, Bangalore. It is a lush green 35-hectare patch of forest. The Keywords:- Butterfly, Diversity, Forest, Line-Transect, latitude and longitude of the forest are 12.972442, Monsoon, Urban Forest. 77.580643 respectively. The climate is very pleasant and moderate. The mean temperature in the monsoon is 26˚C. I. INTRODUCTION The forest has a rich green cover, Bamboo, Acacia and Eucalyptus are some of the plants that are found in plenty. More than half of the world’s biodiversity consists of The forest can be approached by four gates; towards the . They account for a total of 70% of the world’s north is J P Nagar 4th phase, Panduranga nagar is towards population [1]. The insects lie in the zone of east, Brigade Millennium Ave in the south and Arekere maximum species richness when related to biodiversity [2]. Mico Layout in the west. Among the insects the butterflies are the most popular and the most well-known species. They are the most colorful Lalbagh Botanical Gardens, is located in the heart of and beautiful insects in the world [4]. These are called as the the city. The garden is home for a variety of flora and fauna. flying jewels of the nature. Around 1700 species of It is spread over an area of 240 acres, it has well laid out butterflies are found throughout the world. In there are roads, a good collection of plant species, and has more than around 1500 species of butterflies, of which peninsular India 1,854 species of plants and trees. The mean temperature hosts around 351 species of butterflies [3]. Butterflies are being 26˚C in the monsoon. The latitude and longitude of the biological indicators and a good indicator of climate and the garden are 12.950743 and 77.584777 respectively. The season; they also serve in framing strategies for garden can be approached by four gates, the main gate is at conservation [5]. They indulge in a range of behaviours such the North facing towards Subbaiah circle, the West gate is as basking, mud-puddling, mating, resting, etc. [6]. The towards Basavanagudi, the South gate is towards Jayanagar butterflies belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta and the East gate is towards the Double Road [7].

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Fig 1:- A satellite image of Doresanipalya forest

Fig 2:- A satellite image of Lalbagh

III. METHODOLOGY  Statistical Analysis The diversity indices – Shannon-Weiner diversity A random survey of the butterflies was carried out index, Shannon Evenness index, Simpsons diversity index during the monsoon season in the months of July and were calculated.

August. The butterflies were counted by direct visual A. Shannon-Weiner diversity index - method. A line transect method was adopted to study the 훿 diversity of butterflies in the two study areas. In this 퐻 = ∑ 푃푖 ln 푃푖 method, observations were taken in the morning i.e., 푖=1 between 8:30 to 11:00 in the Doresanipalya forest and 9:00 B. Shannon Evenness index – to 1:00 in the Lalbagh, when the butterflies were most 퐻푚푎푥 퐸 = active. A field guide was used to identify the butterflies. A ln⁡(푆) binocular was used to observe and a camera Sony DSC- C. Simpsons diversity index– HX10V was used to capture the pictures of the butterflies. 2 퐷 = ∑( 푛⁄푁)

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SL COMMON SCIENTIFIC OCCURRENCE DORESANIPALYA OCCURRENCE LALBAGH NO NAME NAME STATUS FOREST STATUS Hesperiidea 1 Southern Iambrix salsala R + R + Chestnut Bob luteipalpis 2 Common Tagiades O + - - Snow flat japetus obscurus 3 Tricolour Coladenia VR + - - Pied Flat indrani indra 4 Grass Demon folus - - R + Papilionoidea 5 Common Papilio polytes VC + VC + mormon 6 Blue mormon Papilio R + R + polymnestor 7 Crimson rose Pachliopta C + C + hector 8 Common Pachliopta C + C + Rose aristolochiae 9 Tailed jay Graphium C + C + agamemnon 10 Common jay Graphium C + C + doson 11 Lime Papilio C + C + Swallowtail demoleus 12 Narrow- Graphium C + C + banded teredon Bluebottle Pieridae 13 Indian Pareronia C + - - wanderer hippia 14 Common Eurema hecabe VC + C + Grass Yellow 15 Lemon Catopsilia VC + C + Emigrant pomona 16 Mottled Catopsilia C + VC + Emigrant pyranthe 17 Spotless Eurema laeta VC + - - grass yellow Nymphalidae 18 Dark blue Tirumala VC + VC + tiger septentrionis 19 Plain tiger Danaus VC + VC + chrysippus 20 Striped tiger Danaus genutia VC + VC + 21 Double Euploea VC + VC + branded crow sylvester 22 Common Euploea core VC + VC + crow 23 Baronet Euthalia nais C + - - 24 Chocolate Junonia iphita VC + VC + pansy 25 Yellow pansy Junonia hierta R + - - 26 Lemon pansy Junonia VC + C + lemonias 27 Chestnut jumbah C + - -

IJISRT19FB197 www.ijisrt.com 453 Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 streaked sailer 28 Common Neptis hylas C + - - sailer 29 Bamboo Lethe europa O + - - Treebrown 30 Common Ariadne C + - - castor merione 31 Angled castor Ariadne C + - - Ariadneindica 32 Common Ypthima VC + VC + Four-ring huebneri 33 Common Ypthima VC + VC + Three-ring Asterope mahratta 34 Tailed Elymnias R + R + Palmfly caudate 35 Dark branded Mycalesis C + - - Bushbrown mineus 36 Common Mycalesis C + - - Bushbrown perseus Riodinidae 37 Double- Abisara R + - - banded Judy bifasciata Lycaenidae 38 Tailless Prosotas R + - - Lineblue dubiosa 39 Lankan Large Arhopala R + - - Oakblue amantes 40 Common Castalius C + C + Pierrot rosimon 41 Red pierrot Talicada nyseus - - C + 42 Small cupid Chilades C + C + parrhasius 43 Plains cupid Chilades C + C + pandava 44 Tiny grass Zizula hylax C + C + blue 45 Lesser grass Zizinaotis otis - - VR + blue 46 Lime Blue Chilades lajus C + C + Table 1:- Species Abundance

 Occurrence Status Papilionoidea, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae. The list of butterflies is provided in the table 1. The A. Doresanipalya forest: VR (Very rare - 1), R (Rare - 7), Nymphalidae family was found to be dominant in both the O (Occasional - 2), C (Common - 20) and VC (Very study areas; with 19 species in the Doresanipalya forest and common - 13) 10 species in Lalbagh. The butterflies were classified as B. Lalbagh: VR (Very rare - 1), R (Rare - 4), O (Occasional Very rare (VR), Rare (R), Occasional (O), Common (C) and - 0), C (Common - 15) and VC (Very common - 10) Very common (VC).

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The number of butterflies were found to be more in the Doresanipalya forest when compared to Lalbagh. This could Examination of the data suggested that the be due to the availability of the host plants in large numbers, Doresanipalya forest and Lalbagh have a rich diversity of it is less disturbed by human habitat and also because the butterflies. A total of 43 species of butterflies were recorded environment was suitable for their growth and development, in the Doresanipalya forest belonging to 6 families; hence an abundant number of species were found in Hesperiidea, Papilionoidea, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Doresanipalya forest. Riodinidae and Lycaenidae. A total of 30 species were recorded in Lalbagh belonging to 5 families; Hesperiidea,

IJISRT19FB197 www.ijisrt.com 454 Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Some of the species like Red pierot (Talicada nyseus), Lesser grass blue (Zizina Otis) and Grass Demon (Udaspes folus) were found only in Lalbagh and not in Doresanipalya forest.

Sl. No Family No. of species in % of No. of species in % of Doresanipalya forest participation Lalbagh participation 1 Hesperiidea 3 7 2 4 2 Papilionoidea 8 19 8 33 3 Pieridae 5 12 3 13 4 Nymphalidae 19 44 10 42 5 Riodinidae 1 2 - - 6 Lycaenidae 7 16 7 8 Table 2:- Family-wise depiction of butterflies

Fig 3:- Graph depicting species abundance in Doresanipalya forest

Fig 4:- Graph depicting species abundance in Lalbagh

Sl. No Index Doresanipalya forest Lalbagh 1 Shannon Weiner index 1.447 1.444 2 Evenness index 0.808 0.897 3 Simpsons diversity index 0.742 0.775 Table 3:- Table showing the various indices

The different diversity indices were calculated for the was high for Doresanipalya forest. This indicates that the given data, the Shannon Weiner index was high, the diversity of butterflies is high for the Doresanipalya forest. Evenness index was less and the Simpsons diversity index

IJISRT19FB197 www.ijisrt.com 455 Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 V. CONCLUSION

The study on butterfly diversity gave us an immense knowledge about the habitat, the various species of butterflies that are present in the two study areas. In a patch of 34 - hectare land, 43 species of butterflies were found, Doresanipalya forest being a reserve forest and less disturbed, had an abundant number of butterfly species. This observation is quite significant and it stresses on the conservation of butterfly species in urban pockets.

Fig 5

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