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The Kingfishes of the Eastern Himalaya W Newsletter of the IUCN-SSC/WI Freshwater Fish Specialist Group South Asia & the Freshwater Fish Conservation Network of South Asia ISSN: 2321-9033 No. 02 | 10 January 2014 Ophicephalus leucopunctatus Sykes, 1839 from - Sykes, W. H. (1841). On the fishes of the Dukhun. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 2: 349-378. www.zoosprint.org/Newsletters/Min.htm Min is registered under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, which allows unrestricted use of articles in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD 1 Min | #02 | January 2014 Contents Ichthyofaunal diversity of Kaladan River of Mizoram: can we afford to conserve? Rameshori Yumnam, 3-4pp The kingfishes of the Eastern Himalaya W. Vishwanath, 5-7pp Report of new invasive fish, Red-bellied PiranhaPygocentrus nattereri in Godavari River, Andhra Pradesh J.A. Johnson, R. Paromita & K. Sivakumar, 8-10pp A creepy fish of the northern Western Ghats: endemic and threatened swamp eel Monopterus indicus Mandar S. Paingankar, Unmesh Katwate & Neelesh Dahanukar, 11-14pp Aquarium hobby bringing species to the attention of science J.D. Marcus Knight, 16-20pp How long will social beliefs protect the pride of River Savitri? Chetana Katwate, Rajendra Pawar, Vishwas Shinde, Deepak Apte & Unmesh Katwate, 21-24pp Fighting against all odds: the struggle for existence among hill stream loaches of northern Western Ghats Ashwini Keskar, Anand Padhye & Neelesh Dahanukar, 25-29pp Freshwater fish papers published in print and online (open-access) Journal of Threatened Taxa (2009-2013) 30-32pp Freshwater Fish Specialist Group - South Asia: new members Name Email Institution Field of expertise J.A. Johnson [email protected] Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India Taxonomy, biology and ecology Ramani r_shirantha@hotmail. National Aquatic Resources Research and Freshwater conservation biology and Shiratana com Development Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka aquatic ecology Dr. Sarojini Naidu Government College, Jyoti Sharma [email protected] Fish Genetics, Mahseer Bhopal, India Molecular Taxonomy, geometric Manavalan Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, [email protected] morphology and osteology, Labeo, Murugan Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India Puntius, Barilius 2 Min | #02 | January 2014 Ichthyofaunal diversity of Kaladan River of Mizoram: can we afford to conserve? Rameshori Yumnam DBT Project Fellow, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Life sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur 795003, India [email protected] The Eastern Himalaya of the Himalaya Biodiversity is part of an exceptional hotspot of freshwater Hotspot is bestowed with unique topography, along biodiversity, the exploration and documentation of with diverse physiographic features and varied ichthyofaunal diversity is still at its infancy and very water resources providing a lucrative arena for little work has been done till date. ichthyofaunal diversity. Abell et al. (2008) placed the Kaladan River of Mizoram under the Chin During 2010–2013, collection trips carried out in Hills-Arakan freshwater ecoregion, one of the six various parts of the river revealed the occurrence ecoregions of Eastern Himalaya. They indicated the of 52 species belonging to 31 genera, nine families region to harbor 323–490 fish species with 28–40 and four orders. Vishwanath and his co-workers endemics. from the Manipur University have described 12 new species of fishes from the drainage namely, Batasio The Kaladan is an independent drainage, which convexirostrum, Barilius profundus, G. ater, G. forms the boundary between parts of Myanmar and caudimaculatus, G. chimtuipuiensis, G. churamanii, India. It originates in the Chin State in Myanmar, G. jayarami, G. verucossus, Hara koladynensis, and then flows into Mizoram, India and back to Pseudecheneis koladynae, Schistura koladynensis Myanmar, traversing a distance of about 350km and S. porocephala. before finally draining into the Bay of Bengal, near Sittwe in the Arakan State. Even though the drainage The Kaladan River is threatened by habitat The Kaladan River at Saiha District, Mizoram M A MN I YU I R HO S E M RA 3 Min | #02 | January 2014 Barilus profundus Batasio convexirostrum Hara koladynensis Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis Schistura koladynensis Transportation in Kaladan Mass scale fishing using poisonous herbs modification and degradation, as a result of achieved with proper communication, co-operation, increased urbanization. The major threats are due to understanding and awareness among the politicians, the ongoing Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport scientists, non-governmental organizations and the Project scheduled for completion in 2014, an inland common people in a more holistic way. waterway along the river course for navigation purpose; and also the Kaladan Multipurpose Hydro- electric Project which involves the damming of References the river. Additionally, the mass fishing practices using bleaching powder, dynamiting, electrocution and herbal fish poisons further aggravates the Abell, R., Theime, M. L., Revenge, C., Bryer, M., Kottelat, situation. M., Bogutskaya, N., Coad, B., Mandrak, N., Balderas, S.C., Bussing, W., Stiassny, M. L.J., Skelton, P., Allen, G. R., Unmack, P., Naseka, A., Ng, R., Sindorf, N., Robertson, J., Armijo, E., Several species (27%) of the Kaladan River are Higgins, J. V., Heibel, T. J., Wikramanayake, E., under the under the ‘Data Deficient’ category, Olson, D., Lopez, H. L., Reis, R. E., Lundberg, and are priority for research including aspects of J. G., Sabaj Parez, M. H. and Petry, P. (2008). taxonomy, population and threats. Conservation has Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New become an exigency, and as such proper planning Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater and strategies should be taken up before it is too Biodiversity Conservation. Bioscience, 58(5), late, keeping in mind that the whole conservation 403–414. process should not become a ‘fad’. This can be 4 Min | #02 | January 2014 The kingfishes of the Eastern Himalaya W. Vishwanath Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India [email protected] The freshwater fish genus Semiplotus was established by Bleeker (1859) to accommodate Cyprinus semiplotus McClelland, 1839, described from the Brahmaputra in Assam. The fish is called ‘Rajah Mas’ meaning ‘king fish’. It is said that the fish was an esteemed food fish and then king would punish the fishermen if he did not offer a part of the catch to the king; thus the name. Day (1870) also described Semiplotus modestus from Akyab (now Sittwe), Kaladan basin in Myanmar. He also Semiplotus semiplotus referred to the fish as ‘Burmese Kingfish’. It is not known how ‘kingfish’ is suffixed to this species also. He probably followed the previous species for adopting this name. Chaudhuri (1919) and and S. manipurensis, respectively, from the Putao Vishwanath & Kosygin (2000) described S. cirrhosis Plains in Myanmar and Challou River, a tributary of the Tizu in Manipur, India, both from the Chindwin- Irrawaddy basin. Thus, four species are so far known under the genus. These fishes are known for their high food values. The fishes are often smoked and dried and sold in the market. Semiplotus is distinguished from other genera of Cyprinidae in having a deep body, long dorsal fin with 20-25 branched rays and the last undivided ray osseous and strong, prominent thick snout and an inferior sector mouth, i.e., exposed with cornified mandibular cutting edge, dentary with a broad Semiplotus modestus The four species may be easily identified using the following key: 1. A mandibular knob at symphysis of lower jaw … 2 Mandubular knob st symphysis absent … S. cirrhosis 2. Last simple dorsal ray serrated posteriorly … S. modestus Last simple dorsal ray not serrated … 3 3. Tubercles on snout randomly distributed … S. manipurensis on each side of the snout Tubercles on snout arranged in a transverse row … S. semiplotus 5 Min | #02 | January 2014 Semiplotus manipurensis deflected labial surface. It is also characteristic in having open pores or tubercles on the snout, a complete lateral line with 27-36 scales and plough shaped pharyngeal teeth. These characters show that the fishes are adapted to hill stream mode of life, feeding on algal slime growing on the bottom rocks. Banarescu & Herzig-Straschil (1995) distinguished Semiplotus of the Eastern Himalaya from Cyprinion of the Middle East Asia in absence of barbels (vs present), more number of branched dorsal fin rays (20-25 vs. 12-17). Alizarin Red S stained skulls and bones of Semiplotus The genus is also characteristic in having both manipurensis showing: a. post temporal fossa, b. ethmofrontal fossa and c. predorsal bones. pleisomorphic (presence of post temporal fossa, PTF) and apomorphic characters (ethmofrontal fossa, EFF and predorsal bones, PDB anterior to the Snout with tubercles (L) and sector mouth (R), generic characters Min | #02 | January 2014 Smoked Burmese Kingfish sold in one market in Saiha district of Mizoram, India dorsal fin pterygiophores). Semiplotus semiplotus Bleeker, P. (1859). Cospectus systematics cyprinorum. Nat. has been categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ (Vishwanath Tijdschr. Neder-Indie 20: 421-441 et al. 2010). The Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Chaudhuri, B. L. (1919). Report on a small collection of fish (DCWFR) Research, Bhimtal, India, has identified the from Putao (Hkamti Long) on the
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