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Relationship Between Dental Caries Prevalence and Sugar Intake Or Preference for Sweet of Supertaster Compared to Nontaster Children

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Relationship Between Dental Caries Prevalence and Sugar Intake Or Preference for Sweet of Supertaster Compared to Nontaster Children RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENTAL CARIES PREVALENCE AND SUGAR INTAKE OR PREFERENCE FOR SWEET OF SUPERTASTER COMPARED TO NONTASTER CHILDREN By CLAIRE A. EDGEMON A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2006 by Claire A. Edgemon ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my supervisory committee, Gail P.A. Kauwell, PhD, Charles A. Sims, PhD, and Frank Catalanotto, DMD. I would especially like to thank Dr. Kauwell, my major professor, for all her help and guidance throughout every stage of this project. Her expertise and attention to detail were invaluable. I also would like to thank Karla Shelnutt, PhD, for using her many skills to further the project. Additional thanks are extended to Melissa Greenhow who helped manage the project on a daily basis and to Qin Li for her assistance with the statistical analyses. I would also like to thank my fellow classmates, Crystal Jackson, Shawna Mobley, and Stacy Bursuk, for making this experience more enjoyable. I will remember the lunchtime laughter and the encouraging words that were shared. In addition, I would like to thank the members of my family for their continued support and encouragement. Most importantly, I would like to thank my husband Daryl. There were many days that his words motivated me to continue this process. I am a better person because of his love for me and his belief in my success. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................................2 Specific Aim .................................................................................................................3 2 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................4 Taste Perception............................................................................................................4 Bitter Taste ............................................................................................................5 Sweet Taste............................................................................................................6 Determining Taste Status..............................................................................................6 Genetics of Taste ..........................................................................................................9 Bitter Taste Receptor.............................................................................................9 Sweet Taste Receptor ..........................................................................................11 Fungiform Papillae and Taste..............................................................................12 Taste Preferences........................................................................................................14 Dental Caries ..............................................................................................................18 Prevalence............................................................................................................18 Development........................................................................................................19 Dietary Carbohydrates.........................................................................................20 Early Childhood Caries .......................................................................................23 Dental Caries and Taste Sensitivity.....................................................................24 Methods of Dietary Data Collection...........................................................................25 Research Significance.................................................................................................26 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS..................................................................28 iv Subject Recruitment....................................................................................................28 Taste Sensitivity..........................................................................................................28 Demographic Data......................................................................................................30 Anthropometric Measures ..........................................................................................30 Food Preferences ........................................................................................................30 Dental Exam ...............................................................................................................31 Bottle Feeding History................................................................................................31 Food, Beverage and Supplement Diary......................................................................32 Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) ...................................................................32 Hedonic Response to Sweet........................................................................................33 Sucrose Intensity Rating.............................................................................................34 Statistical Analysis......................................................................................................34 4 RESULTS...................................................................................................................35 Subjects.......................................................................................................................35 Demographic Data......................................................................................................36 Dental Exam ...............................................................................................................36 Food Preferences ........................................................................................................36 Food, Beverage and Supplement Diary......................................................................42 Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) ...................................................................44 Bottle Feeding History................................................................................................46 Anthropometric Data ..................................................................................................46 Hedonic Response to Sweet........................................................................................48 Sucrose Intensity Rating.............................................................................................49 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......................................................................51 APPENDIX A SENSATION LIST USED WITH THE GENERAL LABELED MAGNITUDE SCALE........................................................................................................................57 B FOOD PREFERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE..............................................................58 C HEDONIC SCALE FOR CHILDREN.......................................................................62 D BOTTLE FEEDING QUESTIONNAIRE..................................................................63 E THREE DAY FOOD, BEVERAGE AND SUPPLEMENT DIARY WITH INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................................................65 F YOUTH/ADOLESCENT QUESTIONNAIRE (YAQ).............................................70 LIST OF REFERENCES...................................................................................................82 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................90 v LIST OF TABLES Table page 4-1. Sample characteristics of the study groups................................................................35 4-2. Number of individuals living in each subject’s household........................................36 4-3. Family income per household....................................................................................36 4-4. Food preference scores (mean ± SD) for food categories by taster status ................37 4-5. Relationship between dental caries prevalence and food preferences for STs and NTs............................................................................................................................43 4-6. Carbohydrate and sugar intake of ST and NT children by food category.................44 4-7. Responses and logistic regression analysis of specific bottle feeding practices of ST compared to NT parents/caregivers.....................................................................47 4-8. Percent sugar in apple juice samples measured
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