This profile summarises the Natural, Built, Social AGAM – and Cultural, and Economic environments DISASTER RISK of Agam Regency and their susceptibility to REDUCTION natural hazards. The Disaster Risk Reduction PROFILE initiatives of the local government are also described.

2016

Intensive fish farming on , a large volcanic caldera, is a major source of income in Agam. AGAM Muslim. mainly are that peoples Maningkabau up of made predominantly is terraces and variable hill terrain. hill variable and terraces coastal raised basins, river small plains, low coastal and the internet. internet. the and networking social utilising consider should youth and adults young Educating schools. through impacts potential and hazards on population the educate to opportunity an is but there disasters, to vulnerable more be Younger can of 24. age people the under population of the 50% about with population ayouthful has Agam Youthful Population km per people 209 of about density population average low arelatively with 466,978, was 2013in Agam of population The 1. Table phenomena, Change Climate with change will cover crop and Forest land-use. affecting potentially flood, or eruption, volcanic earthquake, of an event the in change may patterns drainage River mangroves. are as inundation, tsunami from contamination water salt to susceptible are land low-lying and Groundwater for fisheries. ecology coastal akey of mangroves; loss potential and aggradation and erosion to vulnerable is Agam’s coastline district. of the feature prominent a is caldera, –avolcanic Maninjau Lake Singgalang. Gunung and Marapi Gunung namely east, the to located are volcanoes flows. active debris Two recently and landslides to susceptible are which region, of the south and east the to located are slopes angle High terrain. hill variable and terraces coastal raised basins, river small plains, of coastal low consists Agam of The geography Vulnerability Environment Natural 35 ranked it is and (high) of 209 score Index Risk Disaster aBNPB has Agam hazard. a also is eruption Volcanic flooding. and erosion, coastal exacerbates use land Intensive tsunami. significant generate to potential the has rupture fault Offshore earthquakes. strong to prone particularly is Agam that means fault tectonic amajor to proximity close The season. dry and awet has of most like and margin subduction tectonic Sunda the near located is Agam Risks and Hazards km of 2,232 area regency. aland With up the make that 16 one is of the sub-districts which Basung, Lubuk is city Regency’s capital Agam . of Sumatra, coast west on the situated is Regency Agam NATURAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Threat Risk Assessment of risk from hazards for Agam (Disaster Risk Index– 2013). Index– Risk (Disaster Agam for hazards from risk of Assessment th out of 496 districts assessed (BNPB 2013). assessed districts out of 496 Earthquake High 2 . The population population . The Tsunami High 2 , the region occupies occupies region , the Flood High Moderate Landslide regular and extensive fish deaths. fish extensive and regular causes Maninjau at Lake toxicity sulphur Periodic eruption. an from ash by volcanic damaged be well could crops and forest and Coastal Coastal Erosion High Forest fires Forest High Moderate Extreme Extreme weather Drought High Moderate Volcanic Volcanic Eruption V1.1 AGAM n R e needs aeno room for improvement doing well scor of DR ry go te n ies Regulaons v Strategic Plan Ac r each ca Risk Reduco bruary 2016 Controls Fe Building and e fo Development g am, scor rstandin Ag 0 0 80 60 40 20 10 Unde Hazard and Risk Funding ormance nity rf mmu Pe and Co ng Development on Networking a Traini Educ Resources Suitable education materials need to be developed a variety for of community groups. Staff rotation veryis BPBD at high, thusit is difficult to maintain capabilityand continuity of effort. The human resources the at need to be BPBD developed through training. Community Development A clear strength according to the self-assessment exercise is that communities are developing useful plans DRR. for This is particularly strong are where involved NGO’s in some aspects of village preparedness. Discussions around this suggest however that some these of successes are restricted to a limited number villages.of Those areas withgood plans placein could be used as examples those for less well prepared. In this a village way, to village discussion forum or may be useful. and private interests. There generalis a lackawarenessof from the private sector DRR for and the benefits that may accrue. The Disaster Risk Management Budget for Agam was underspent andin many 2014, initiatives implemented. not were the term, long sea level rise and coastal erosion. Lake Maninjau occupies the depression formed during a large volcanic eruption (caldera) that erupted ~ 50,000 years ago, so is still considered an active volcano. The Local Government – Self Assessment Survey(LG-SAT) diagram summarises the strengths and weaknesses of the DRR environment in Agam FebruaryRegency, 2016. External impacts Deforestation, illegal logging and conversion forests of to palm plantations modifies catchments, increases and concentrates run-off, increases erosion and floodpotential, and potentially exacerbates theforest fire hazard. ENVIRONMENT BUILT control development constructionand Poor Many buildings and developments in Agam permits have do not and commonly adhere do not to spatial planning and building regulations. Land conditions, including hazards, are often not considered despite hazard/risk maps being available and risk reduction being included in spatial plans. The economy can also be vulnerable to disruption the of transport network.

Some sub-districts are well organized in terms of disaster management committees are deliveringNGO’s programs in some sub-districts Spatial Plans already consider hazards and risk and someVolcano landslide Early Warning Systems are in place hasBPBD The MoU an with journalists regarding emergency communications Some agencies (Spatial Planning and Public Works) seem reasonably well integrated with BPBD Existing collaboration with Andalas University wateron toxicity in Lake Maninjau Therelocation of flood affected villages near the coast Vulnerable tourist industryVulnerable is primarilyTourism based along the beaches near Tiku, Tanjung Mutiara and lakeside Lake at Maninjau, Raya. Tanjung The beaches near Tiku are susceptible to earthquakes, tsunami and in Agam Regency is predominantly an agricultural region with the of much local commodities growing in the flat-lying areasof the district.bulk The of the agriculturalproduce is rice, coffee, milk and chilli. Dairying is becoming a significant sector in this area. The agricultural-based economy is particularly vulnerable to tsunami, flood, volcanic and ash hazard, wellas as drought and forest fire.At Lake Maninjau, over 2,000 floating net cagesare used fish for farming.Periodic convection overturn and at Lake Maninjau results in the re-mobilisation sulphur-rich of waters. As a result, this causes extensive fish deathsdue to sulphur toxicity. ENVIRONMENT and Aquaculture Agriculture Vulnerable ECONOMIC ECONOMIC Coordination and networking Activities within Agam Regency are well coordinated with the regulations, policies and plans DRR. for Along with a good BPBD structure, stakeholder interaction and integration across all agencies in Agam is working relatively well. interaction More with the private sector could be used to bridge the gap between public The radar diagram summarises the strengths weaknesses and of the DRR environment Agam of is based Regency. It a Disaster on Risk Reduction, Local Government – Self Assessment(LG- Tool survey.SAT) The survey indicates that there seems to goodbe networking, community development, education and training, and adequate funding. All other areas require improvement. Issues in the DRR Environment A key Disaster Management plan strategic strong objective is “A and independent DisasterAgam”. management initiatives already implemented include: • • • • • • • •

The budget for Disasterfor budgetThe Management mostly is allocated from the national the budget of (National BNPB Disaster Managementlocal The (Disaster Agency). BPBD Management budget has Agency) increased since 2013 from 4,290 M Rupiah 4,847 to M Rupiah $336,500) (USD 2014: in DISASTER RISK REDUCTION CAPABILITY RISK REDUCTION DISASTER ABOUT StIRRRD STRENGTHENED INDONESIAN RESILIENCE: REDUCING RISK FROM DISASTERS Sources: BNPB, 2013. Indeks Rawan Bencana Indonesia. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, 2013. BPS 2014: Agam Dalam Angka 2014 (Agam in Figures 2014). Badan Pusat Statistik, Kabupaten Agam, 2014. Karim, Sutarman; Triyanto; Febriandi; 2007. Pemetaan Bahaya Dan Risiko Bencana Alam Di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat : Laporan Penelitian. Research report Universitas Negeri , 2007. http://floodlist.com/asia With funding support from the New Zealand Aid A key part of this involves cementing relationships http://en.tempo.co. Programme, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) is between local government and local universities who http://www.antaranews.com partnering with GNS Science in an Activity which will develop teaching and research programmes in supports the Indonesian Government to reduce the aspects of disaster risk management to support their local http://reliefweb.int impacts of natural disasters through increasing the communities. The districts involved in the Activity will disaster risk reduction (DRR) capability of local also provide peer support to each other on the learning government and local universities. The Activity assists journey. The Project is supported by the Indonesian 10 districts and associated universities to understand their National Agency for Disaster Mitigation (BNPB) and DRR issues and priorities, helps develop their capability Kemendesa. to understand and manage these issues, and then to develop an action plan and implementation programme.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://StIRRRD.org or CONTACT:

Michele Daly Dr. Teuku Faisal Fathani Dr Geoff Kilgour Arry Retnowati Risk and Society Department Department of Civil and GNS Science Department of Civil and GNS Science Environmental Engineering Wairakei, New Zealand Environmental Engineering Wellington, New Zealand Gadjah Mada University [email protected] Gadjah Mada University [email protected] Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected]