John Carroll University Carroll Collected

2019 Faculty Bibliography Faculty Bibliographies Community Homepage

2019

Social Justice, history, and inequity in Cleveland: An Overview

Amy Wainwright John Carroll University, [email protected]

Michelle Millet John Carroll University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://collected.jcu.edu/fac_bib_2019

Part of the Library and Information Science Commons

Recommended Citation Wainwright, Amy and Millet, Michelle, "Social Justice, history, and inequity in Cleveland: An Overview" (2019). 2019 Faculty Bibliography. 65. https://collected.jcu.edu/fac_bib_2019/65

This Conference Proceedings is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Bibliographies Community Homepage at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2019 Faculty Bibliography by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACRL 2019

New Releases From PBS Amy Wainwright and Michelle Millet Social justice, history, and inequity Jamestown The Facebook in Cleveland The British colony of Dilemma Jamestown, Virginia, is FRONTLINE investigates An overview shaken up when the fi rst a series of warnings from women arrive in this insiders and outsiders wilderness. While love that went unattended by triangles, bitter rivalries, and Facebook as the company fi erce competition cause grew from a dorm room hen we first volunteered to be on the Like many Rust Belt cities, Cleveland suf- confl ict for the residents and project to a global empire. the native inhabitants, they WLocal Arrangements Committee for fered greatly as factory jobs left, unemploy- are bound together by their the ACRL 2019 conference, and to write this ment skyrocketed, and the economy tanked. resolute will to survive and specific piece for our colleagues who were Then the housing crisis in 2007 took what thrive. coming to our city, neither of us had a clue were pockets of prosperity and decimated that the entire third season of the true crime them. Foreclosures and abandoned proper- podcast Serial1 would focus on the criminal ties covered impoverished neighborhoods justice system of Cuyahoga County. But since throughout the inner city. Now, as pros- Letters from Baghdad Frankie Drake it was so popular, we perity comes back to Traveling into a past that is Mysteries considered it a good downtown and to some eerily current, this intimate Set in 1920s Toronto, follow look at the history of Iraq the adventures of Frankie framing device for a surrounding neighbor- is told in the words of Drake and her partner Trudy discussion about social hoods, they become an Gertrude Bell, an explorer, Clarke at Drake Private justice in Cleveland. even starker contrast to spy, archaeologist, and Detectives, the city’s only all- If you haven’t lis- other areas (especially diplomat who helped shape female detective agency, as tened to Serial, the short on the east side), includ- the Middle East after World they fi nd themselves fi ghting War I in ways that still crime in the age of fl yboys, version is Cleveland and Cuyahoga County’s ing the Hough neighborhood, the city of East reverberate today. gangsters, rum-runners, and criminal and juvenile justice system are shin- Cleveland, the Buckeye-Woodland neighbor- speakeasies. ing examples of the inequity that exists in the hood, and the Glenville neighborhood. region. Poverty, segregation, violence, food Recent press concerning Cleveland in- deserts, crime, and an unfair justice system cludes a report from federal marshals noting are all parts of the larger system that remains that the Cuyahoga County jails are so deficient2 unjust and unequal in the heart of a Rust Belt that they put staff and inmates at risk, and the Addiction Documenting Hate city desperate to rise again. rate of inmate suicide is rising. The police in As the deadliest drug FRONTLINE and ProPublica Cleveland’s been in the news a lot in the the city of Cleveland are still under a federal epidemic in US history rages, expose the white follow the cutting-edge work supremacists and neo- past few years, thanks in part to the Republi- consent decree due to the use of excessive 3 of doctors and scientists as Nazis involved in the 2017 can National Convention in 2016. Much of the force. Recent years have seen high-profile they explore how addiction Charlottesville rally and a press coverage is rather glowing. Cleveland shootings by police of blacks, including aff ects the brain, and how neo-Nazi group that has has a growing foodie and craft beer scene, we should address our actively recruited inside the increasing technology jobs, excellent higher opioid crisis. U.S. military, showing their terrorist objectives and education, museums, professional sports Amy Wainwright is outreach and student engagement how it gained strength after teams, medical jobs, and it’s affordable. But librarian, email: [email protected], and Michelle Charlottesville. while there is definitely a resurgence taking Millet is library director, email: [email protected], at John Carroll University place, there are still pockets of Cleveland that

are not thriving. © 2019 Amy Wainwright and Michelle Millet

Find these DVDs and more at Teacher.Shop.PBS.org February 2019 105 C&RL News 12-year-old Tamir Rice.4 Despite these realities, most often blossomed in poor neighbor- Cleveland has a long history of social justice hoods, and throughout the 1960s, African activism which continues today. Americans in particular expressed their need for equality, pushing back on the sys- An Underground Railroad connection temic problems. Cleveland sits at the intersection of the In 1966, the Hough neighborhood10 on Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie and was Cleveland’s east side was one of the first areas founded in 1796 by Moses Cleaveland, on to reflect the nation’s civil rights struggles. behalf of Connecticut’s Western Reserve. White business owners and long-time resi- Throughout Cleveland’s history, the citizens dents of Hough did not immediately adapt of North East Ohio have shown their pas- to the new black families, which resulted sion for social justice issues. In the years in a conflict at the Seventy Niner’s Cafe. leading up to the Civil War, Cleveland was Black neighbors gathered near the cafe11 to a key stop on the Underground Railroad. As protest discrimination, and when the police the last major city stationed on Lake Erie, were called, violence between civilians and escaping slaves could flee to Canada. Cleve- police resulted. Riots in Hough lasted for land was home to many groups of abolition- five days. Four black residents died, many ists and activists working through religious, were injured, and there was over $1 million business, and community connections to worth of damage. aid the anti-slavery movement. In 1968, the Glenville shootout,12 named During your visit to Cleveland, visit St. after the location of the neighborhood where John’s Episcopal Church, the Cozad-Bates a confrontation between police and the Black House,5 and other prominent historical land- Nationalists of New Libya occurred. Glenville, marks. For information about these local like Hough, is a mostly black east side neigh- landmarks, virtually visit Cleveland Histori- borhood that became another stepping stone cal’s webtour, “In Search of the Underground of the civil rights fight. Although the story has Railroad.”6 different perspectives, it appears that police Cleveland continues to celebrate the his- took out racially fueled anger on neighbor- tory of the Underground Railroad through an hood residents, whether they were involved annual event titled Station Hope7—a reference with the nationalists or not. to the code name for St. John’s Episcopal Through the lens of the history of the Civil Church. This evening of theater, performance, Rights era, Hough and Glenville have come and dance will be held May 4, 2019. to be seen as a part of the parallel story of For those of you in Chicagoland, promi- community strength and social justice focus. nent Chicago artist Dawoud Bey recently pho- These neighborhoods and other areas, in- tographed in Cleveland as part of the FRONT cluding the city of East Cleveland, are still International: Cleveland Triennial exhibition.8 struggling to fight through setbacks. To read The complete series will be on display at more about segregation, social justice, and the Art Institute of Chicago from January 11 African American history in Cleveland, follow through April 14, 2019, in the exhibition titled, a webtour from Cleveland Historical13 or watch “Night Coming Tenderly, Black.”9 a lecture14 about Cleveland, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and the 1960s. The 1960s in Cleveland Throughout the 1960s, Cleveland was Poverty and food deserts fraught with civil rights clashes, mirroring Access to fresh foods is a piece of the equity the state of unrest throughout the country. and justice conversation that has attracted Change and growth in the city of Cleveland much attention as of late. Neighborhoods led to population shifts, which contributed and populations without fresh food are to racial tensions. The tensions in Cleveland often the unhealthiest. The pervasive exis-

C&RL News February 2019 106 tence of food deserts throughout the areas and resources, lectures and discussion-focused with the most poverty in Cleveland contrib- events, and scholars who research fields re- ute to the systems of social inequality. lated to social justice issues. Shortly after the Take a ride through the east side neighbor- conclusion of the ACRL 2019 conference, the hoods and you will have a hard time finding institute will host its final event of the season a full-service grocery store, though Dave’s, a titled, “Using Photovoice to Capture Diverse family-owned regional chain, does attempt to Experiences of Cleveland’s Opioid Crisis,” provide groceries in as many neighborhoods April 16, 2019. with access to public transportation. Other • Tamir Rice Foundation. While there is large Cleveland-area chains have closed stores not an official website or physical home to the or only build in more affluent parts of the city Tamir Rice Foundation, both are in the works. and suburbs. Samaria Rice, Tamir’s mother, is active in her The most recent Cuyahoga County Com- community and in pushing for police reform. munity Food Assessment plan15 noted two Groundbreaking for the Tamir Rice Afrocentric startling statistics: about 50% of all Cleveland Center is scheduled for 2019 and will be home residents, and 25% of all Cuyahoga County to programming and arts for children. residents, live in a food desert. Of the Cleve- land residents living in a food desert, 60% Additionally, we would love for you to visit describe themselves as “non-white.” either of these establishments that actively pro- In order to alleviate the stress on local mote social justice through their businesses. food banks and fill gaps in accessibility to • EDWINS Leadership and Restaurant fresh produce, Cleveland continues a long Institute. Brandon Chrostowski, founder and tradition of public and urban farming. The CEO of EDWINS,18 started his fine dining city’s local urban farms16 are home to know- training and restaurant to break the circle ledgeable folks who would like to pass on that leads people back to prison. Formerly gardening tricks while giving service to their incarcerated adults get a six-month training communities. Listen to a collection of stories in the hospitality industry and access to em- about Cleveland’s urban farming tradition from ployment, legal aid, medical care, clothing, Cleveland Growing Strong.17 job training, literacy programs, and housing. This program began in 2012 and boasts 95% Answering the call for social justice employment after graduation and 1.4% re- While the picture we lay out here might cidivism. Chrostowski recently opened the seem to be bleak, there are a lot of organi- EDWINS Butcher Shop, a couple of blocks zations that are working to respond with an from the restaurant, adjacent to the EDWINS equity and justice goal. We’d like to high- Second Chance Life Skills Center. It’s the first light a few organizations and businesses fresh meat vendor in the Buckeye-Woodland that contribute to that cause. neighborhood in 50 years. EDWINS is in Shaker Square. • Empowering Youth, Exploring • Chateau Hough. Chateau Hough19 is Justice. This Cleveland nonprofit focuses an urban winery in the Hough neighborhood. on giving young people the tools to express Founded by Mansfield Frazier, the winery themselves through healthy dialogue, creating employs parolees from a local halfway house. networks of support for teens, and leadership Frazier began building the winery in 2007 education to build self confidence. and added a biocellar recently. The vineyard • Social Justice Institute at Case West- and biocellar accommodates visitors by ap- ern Reserve University. Located at Case pointment only. Western Reserve University in the University We hope we’ve provided some back- Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, the Social ground information for you to enjoy Cleveland Justice Institute is home to educational tools and the ACRL 2019 conference, appreciate

February 2019 107 C&RL News some of the city’s history, and understand artic.edu/exhibitions/9038/dawoud-bey-night its continued struggles. There are, no doubt, -coming-tenderly-black. wonderful organizations and work being done 10. Cleveland Historical team, in Cleveland that we didn’t get to in this short “Hough,” Cleveland Historical, 2019, https:// piece, but we hope we gave you an honest clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/7. introduction to the real tensions and inequities 11. Kyla Murray, “Cleveland’s Hough that exist in our wonderful city. Riots of 1966,” Blackpast.org, California, n.d. https://blackpast.org/aah/cleveland-s-hough Notes -riots-1966. 1. Sarah Koenig, Serial: Season 3, directed/ 12. Lorraine Boissoneault, “What hap- performed by Sarah Koenig (2018; Chicago: pened when violence broke out on Cleve- “This American Life” and WBEZ Chicago, land’s east side 50 years ago?” Smithsonian 2018), podcast audio. Magazine, July 24, 2018, https://www. 2. Nick Castele, and Matt Richmond, smithsonianmag.com/history/complicated “U.S. Marshals Say Cuyahoga County Jail Puts -history-1968-glenville-shootout-180969734/. Staff And Inmates At Risk,” Ideastream, aired 13. Cleveland Historical team, “African November 21, 2018, on 90.3 WCPN, https:// Americans in Cleveland,” 2019, Cleveland www.ideastream.org/news/us-marshals-say Historical, https://clevelandhistorical.org -cuyahoga-county-jail-puts-staff-and-inmates /tours/show/43. -at-risk. 14. James Robenault, “Ballots and 3. United States Justice Department and Bullets: Cleveland’s Role in the Civil Rights City of Cleveland, Division of Police, 2018, Doc- Movement,” talk at the City Club of Cleve- uments pertaining to agreement, http://www. land, July 20, 2018, https://www.cityclub. city.cleveland.oh.us/CityofCleveland/Home org/forums/2018/07/20/ballots-and-bullets /Government/CityAgencies/PublicSafety -clevelands-role-in-the-civil-rights-movement. /Police/PoliceSettlementAgreement. 15. Cuyahoga County Planning Com- 4. Laura Westbrook, “Tamir Rice Shot ‘within mission, 2016-2017 Cuyahoga County Com- two seconds of police arrival,’” November 27, munity Food Assessment, prepared for 2014, BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Janu- /av/world-us-canada-30220700/tamir-rice-shot ary 31, 2017, www.ccbh.net/wp-content -within-two-seconds-of-police-arrival. /uploads/2017/09/2016-2017-Cuyahoga 5. University Circle, Inc. Cozad-Bates -County-Community-Food-Assessment-Report_ House, https://www.universitycircle.org Pt-1.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0L8n02BqSqQikOzWAfwm /destinations/cozad-bates-house. rCJ0p6pnXlNPAAs29eA93RU7tDq0uPcL1eG3U. 6. CSU Center for Public History + Digital 16. Brad Masi, photos by Annette Bed- Humanities, “In Search of the Underground way, “Cultivating the Land,” Edible Cleveland, Railroad,” Cleveland Historical, 2019, https:// Spring,2017, http://ediblecleveland.com/stories clevelandhistorical.org/tours/show/44. /spring-2017/cultivation-stories#readmore. 7. Cleveland Public Theatre, to be per- 17. StoryLenz team, “Cleveland growing formed May 4, 2019, https://www.cptonline. strong: an oral history,” 2016, www.cleveland- org/station-hope/. growingstrong.com. 8. Dawoud Bay, “Night Coming 18. EDWINS Leadership & Restaurant In- Tenderly,Black,” 2017, commissioned by stitute, https://edwinsrestaurant.org/about-us/. FRONT International, installation at St. John’s 19. David Sax, “How a winery is trans- Church, Cleveland, 2018. https://frontart.org forming Cleveland’s most notorious neigh- /artists/dawoud-bey/. borhood: The incredible story of Chateau 9. Dawoud Bay, “Night Coming Tenderly, Hough,” Good, February 12, 2015, https:// Black,” 2017, on exhibit at the Art Institute of www.good.is/features/chateau-hough-cleveland Chicago, January 11–April 14, https://www. -winery. Call (216) 469-0124 for appointments.

C&RL News February 2019 108