The Evolution of Foresight: What Is Mental Time Travel, and Is It Unique to Humans?
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Painter-Kring-2016.Pdf
Journal of Abnormal Psychology © 2016 American Psychological Association 2016, Vol. 125, No. 3, 442–452 0021-843X/16/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000151 Toward an Understanding of Anticipatory Pleasure Deficits in Schizophrenia: Memory, Prospection, and Emotion Experience Janelle M. Painter and Ann M. Kring University of California, Berkeley Anticipatory pleasure deficits have been observed in people with schizophrenia. Less is known about the extent to which interrelated processes that comprise anticipatory pleasure, including memory, prospec- tion, and emotion experience are disrupted. We asked people with (n ϭ 32) and without (n ϭ 29) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to provide memory and prospection narratives in response to specific cues. Half of the prospections followed a memory task, and half followed a control task. People with schizophrenia generated memories similar in content and experience as controls even as they described them less clearly. However, people with schizophrenia were less likely to explicitly reference the past in their prospections, and their prospections were less detailed and richly experienced than controls, regardless of the task completed before prospection. People with schizophrenia reported similar levels of positive emotion (current and predicted) in positive prospections that followed the memory task, but less positive emotion than controls in positive prospections that followed the control task. Taken together, these results suggest that people with schizophrenia experience difficulties drawing from past experiences and generating detailed prospections. However, asking people with schizophrenia to recall and describe memories prior to prospection may increase the likelihood of drawing from the past in prospections, and may help boost current and predicted pleasure. -
Conversation About the Future Self Improves Preschoolersâ
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 181 (2019) 110–120 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Child Psychology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jecp Brief Report Conversation about the future self improves preschoolers’ prospection abilities ⇑ Kathryn A. Leech a, , Kristi Leimgruber b, Felix Warneken c, Meredith L. Rowe a a Harvard University Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b Department of Psychology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA c Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Prospection, the ability to engage in future-oriented thinking and Received 25 January 2018 decision making, begins to develop during the preschool years Revised 19 December 2018 yet remains far from adult-like. One specific challenge for children Available online 31 January 2019 of this age is with regard to thinking and reasoning about their future selves. Drawing from work indicating the importance of Keywords: adult–child conversation in language and cognitive development, Prospection Conversation the current study examined the extent to which conversations Future-thinking about the future and the self may facilitate preschool-aged chil- Book-reading dren’s prospective thinking. The participants, 4- and 5-year-old Preschool children (N = 68), were randomly assigned to read books surround- Prospective memory ing one of four topics with an adult experimenter: their present self, their future self, another child’s present self, or another child’s future self. Children whose conversations were centered on their future selves outperformed other children in the sample on a bat- tery of prospection assessments taken immediately after the manipulation. -
Catalogue of Titles of Works Attributed to Aristotle
Catalogue of Titles of works attributed by Aristotle 1 To enhance readability of the translations and usability of the catalogues, I have inserted the following bold headings into the lists. These have no authority in any manuscript, but are based on a theory about the composition of the lists described in chapter 3. The text and numbering follows that of O. Gigon, Librorum deperditorum fragmenta. PART ONE: Titles in Diogenes Laertius (D) I. Universal works (ta kathalou) A. The treatises (ta syntagmatika) 1. The dialogues or exoterica (ta dialogika ex terika) 2. The works in propria persona or lectures (ta autopros pa akroamatika) a. Instrumental works (ta organika) b. Practical works (ta praktika) c. Productive Works (ta poi tika) d. Theoretical works (ta the r tika) . Natural philosophy (ta physiologia) . Mathematics (ta math matika) B. Notebooks (ta hypomn matika) II. Intermediate works (ta metaxu) III. Particular works (ta merika) PART TWO: Titles in the Vita Hesychii (H) This list is organized in the same way as D, with two exceptions. First, IA2c “productive works” has dropped out. Second, there is an appendix, organized as follows: IV. Appendix A. Intermediate or Particular works B. Treatises C. Notebooks D. Falsely ascribed works PART THREE: Titles in Ptolemy al-Garib (A) This list is organized in the same way as D, except it contains none of the Intermediate or Particular works. It was written in Arabic, and later translated into Latin, and then reconstructed into Greek, which I here translate. PART FOUR: Titles in the order of Bekker (B) The modern edition contains works only in IA2 (“the works in propria persona”), and replaces the theoretical works before the practical and productive, as follows. -
Neural Correlates of Prospection Impairments in Schizophrenia
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 293 (2019) 110987 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychresns Neural correlates of prospection impairments in schizophrenia: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry analysis T Yang Zhuo-yaa,b, Wang Shuang-kunc, Li Yinga,b,d, Wang Yia, Wang Yong-minga,b,e,f, Zhou Han-yua,b, Cai Xin-lua,b,e,f, Cheung Eric F.C.g, David H.K. Shumh,a, Dost Öngüri, ⁎ Chan Raymond C.K.a,b, a Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China b Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China c Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China d Haidian District Mental Health Prevent-Treatment Hospital, Beijing, China e Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China f Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China g Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China h Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China i McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, United States of America ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Prospection, which has a close relationship with motivation and goal-directed behavior, could be a potential Prospection target for alleviating negative symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the structural neural correlates of Working memory prospection impairments and the involvement of working memory in prospection in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls were recruited and all of them completed a Voxel-based morphometry prospection task. -
Patent Prospecting on Nanoparticle for Diagnosis and Treatment Of
Review Patent prospecting on nanoparticle for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in central nervous system Hellen Kelen Maria Medeiros Coimbra Viana 1, Ilma Campos Veloso Guerra1 and Hercília Maria Lins Rolim1,* 1. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanosystems (NANOSFAR), Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil. *Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-86 3215-1160 Received: 03 Jan 2019; Accepted: 10 May 2020; Published: 28 June 2020. Abstract: Diseases of central nervous system as anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy and schizophrenia affect millions globally. The treatment and prevention of these diseases is urgent and necessary. The application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical industry is a good alternative for production of more effective drugs, with nanoparticles being highlighted by benefits obtained as reduction of side effects, increased bioavailability and greater physicochemical stability. The objective of the present study was to carry out a technological prospection in the databases USPTO, WIPO, EPO and INPI using the term "nanoparticle" and terms associated to CNS diseases, analyzing the quantity and types of patents found. A total of 26,742 patents were obtained with the isolated use of the term "nanoparticle" and 38 patents when associated with CNS diseases, which have the predominant international classification was A61K, related to applications for medical, dental and/or hygiene purposes. The most part of nanoparticles patents were found WIPO database, with the United States holds the highest number of them. Patents not were found in Brazilian database using the association between “nanoparticle” and CNS diseases, demonstrating the need for the development of nanotechnology aimed at the treatment of CNS pathologies in the country. -
Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory
IFM LAB TUTORIAL SERIES # 6, COPYRIGHT c IFM LAB Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory Jiawei Zhang [email protected] Founder and Director Information Fusion and Mining Laboratory (First Version: May 2019; Revision: May 2019.) Abstract This is a follow-up tutorial article of [17] and [16], in this paper, we will introduce several important cognitive functions of the brain. Brain cognitive functions are the mental processes that allow us to receive, select, store, transform, develop, and recover information that we've received from external stimuli. This process allows us to understand and to relate to the world more effectively. Cognitive functions are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. They are related with the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, problem-solve, and pay attention, etc. To be more specific, in this paper, we will talk about the perception, attention and memory functions of the human brain. Several other brain cognitive functions, e.g., arousal, decision making, natural language, motor coordination, planning, problem solving and thinking, will be added to this paper in the later versions, respectively. Many of the materials used in this paper are from wikipedia and several other neuroscience introductory articles, which will be properly cited in this paper. This is the last of the three tutorial articles about the brain. The readers are suggested to read this paper after the previous two tutorial articles on brain structure and functions [17] as well as the brain basic neural units [16]. Keywords: The Brain; Cognitive Function; Consciousness; Attention; Learning; Memory Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Perception 3 2.1 Detailed Process of Perception . -
A Theology of Memory: the Concept of Memory in the Greek Experience of the Divine
A Theology of Memory: The Concept of Memory in the Greek Experience of the Divine Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Classical Studies Leonard Muellner, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For Master’s Degree by Michiel van Veldhuizen May 2012 ABSTRACT A Theology of Memory: The Concept of Memory in the Greek Experience of the Divine A thesis presented to the Department of Classical Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Michiel van Veldhuizen To the ancient Greek mind, memory is not just concerned with remembering events in the past, but also concerns knowledge about the present, and even the future. Through a structural analysis of memory in Greek mythology and philosophy, we may come to discern the particular role memory plays as the facilitator of vertical movement, throwing a bridge between the realms of humans and gods. The concept of memory thus plays a significant role in the Greek experience of the divine, as one of the vertical bridges that relates mortality and divinity. In the theology of Mnemosyne, who is Memory herself and mother of the Muses, memory connects not only to the singer-poet’s religiously efficacious speech of prophetic omniscience, but also to the idea of Truth itself. The domain of memory, then, shapes the way in which humans have access to the divine, the vertical dimension of which is expliticly expressed in the descent-ascent of the ritual passage of initiation. The present study thus lays bare the theology of Memory. -
Introducing an Organizational Framework for Future- Oriented Cognition Karl K
PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE A taxonomy of prospection: Introducing an organizational framework for future- oriented cognition Karl K. Szpunara,b,1, R. Nathan Sprengc,d, and Daniel L. Schactera,b aDepartment of Psychology and bCenter for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cLaboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Human Development, and dHuman Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Edited by Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, and approved October 30, 2014 (received for review September 11, 2014) Prospection—the ability to represent what might happen in the future—is a broad concept that has been used to characterize a wide variety of future-oriented cognitions, including affective forecasting, prospective memory, temporal discounting, episodic simulation, and autobiograph- ical planning. In this article, we propose a taxonomy of prospection to initiate the important and necessary process of teasing apart the various forms of future thinking that constitute the landscape of prospective cognition. The organizational framework that we propose delineates episodic and semantic forms of four modes of future thinking: simulation, prediction, intention, and planning. We show how this framework can be used to draw attention to the ways in which various modes of future thinking interact with one another, generate new questions about prospective cognition, and illuminate our understanding of disorders of future thinking. We conclude by considering basic cognitive -
Mental Time Travel and the Shaping of the Human Mind
Downloaded from rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org on January 14, 2013 Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind Thomas Suddendorf, Donna Rose Addis and Michael C. Corballis Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2009 364, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0301 References This article cites 59 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1521/1317.full.html#ref-list-1 Article cited in: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1521/1317.full.html#related-urls Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections neuroscience (314 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B go to: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org on January 14, 2013 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) 364, 1317–1324 doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0301 Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind Thomas Suddendorf1,*, Donna Rose Addis2 and Michael C. Corballis2 1Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia 2Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Episodic memory, enabling conscious recollection of past episodes, can be distinguished from semantic memory, which stores enduring facts about the world. Episodic memory shares a core neural network with the simulation of future episodes, enabling mental time travel into both the past and the future. The notion that there might be something distinctly human about mental time travel has provoked ingenious attempts to demonstrate episodic memory or future simulation in non- human animals, but we argue that they have not yet established a capacity comparable to the human faculty. -
Personality and Mental Time Travel: a Differential Approach to Autonoetic Consciousness
Published in: Consciousness and Cognition (2008), vol.17, iss. 4, pp. 1082-1092. Status: Postprint (Author’s version) Personality and mental time travel: A differential approach to autonoetic consciousness Jordi Quoidbach, Michel Hansenne, Caroline Mottet Personality & Individual Differences Unit, Department of Cognitive Science, University of Liège, 5 Bd. du Rectorat B-32, 4000 Liège, Belgium Abstract: Recent research on autonoetic consciousness indicates that the ability to remember the past and the ability to project oneself into the future are closely related. The purpose of the present study was to confirm this proposition by examining whether the relationship observed between personality and episodic memory could be extended to episodic future thinking and, more generally, to investigate the influence of personality traits on self- information processing in the past and in the future. Results show that Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance predict more negative past memories and future projections. Other personality dimensions exhibit a more limited influence on mental time travel (MTT). Therefore, our study provide an additional evidence to the idea that MTT into the past and into the future rely on a common set of processes by which past experiences are used to envision the future. Keywords: Episodic future thinking ; Autonoetic consciousness ; Mental time travel ; Personality 1. Introduction "Mental time travel" (MTT), i.e., the capacity to remember our past experiences and to project ourselves into possible future events, is considered as a crucial ability for human-beings (Gilbert & Wilson, 2007; Schacter, Addis & Buckner, 2007; Suddendorf & Corballis, 1997; Suddendorf & Corballis, 2007; Wheeler, Stuss & Tulving, 1997). Mental time travel importantly involves autonoetic consciousness, i.e., "the kind of consciousness that mediates an individual's awareness of his or her existence and identity in subjective time extending from the personal past through the present to the personal future" (Tulving, 1985, p. -
Introducing an Organizational Framework for Future- Oriented Cognition Karl K
PERSPECTIVE A taxonomy of prospection: Introducing an organizational framework for future- oriented cognition Karl K. Szpunara,b,1, R. Nathan Sprengc,d, and Daniel L. Schactera,b aDepartment of Psychology and bCenter for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cLaboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Human Development, and dHuman Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Edited by Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, and approved October 30, 2014 (received for review September 11, 2014) Prospection—the ability to represent what might happen in the future—is a broad concept that has been used to characterize a wide variety of future-oriented cognitions, including affective forecasting, prospective memory, temporal discounting, episodic simulation, and autobiograph- ical planning. In this article, we propose a taxonomy of prospection to initiate the important and necessary process of teasing apart the various forms of future thinking that constitute the landscape of prospective cognition. The organizational framework that we propose delineates episodic and semantic forms of four modes of future thinking: simulation, prediction, intention, and planning. We show how this framework can be used to draw attention to the ways in which various modes of future thinking interact with one another, generate new questions about prospective cognition, and illuminate our understanding of disorders of future thinking. We conclude by considering basic cognitive processes -
Cross-Species Comparisons of the Retrosplenial Cortex in Primates: Through Time and Neuropil Space
! ! ! CROSS-SPECIES COMPARISONS OF THE RETROSPLENIAL CORTEX IN PRIMATES: THROUGH TIME AND NEUROPIL SPACE A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts by Mitch Sumner May, 2013 Thesis written by Mitch Andrew Sumner B.A., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA 2009 Approved by: __________________________________________ Dr. Mary Ann Raghanti Advisor __________________________________________ Dr. Richard Meindl Chair, Department of Anthropology __________________________________________ Dr. Raymond A. Craig Associate Dean, Collage of Arts and Sciences ! ii! TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. vi AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 Declarative vs. nondeclarative memory ........................................... 4 Episodic memory and mental time travel in humans ....................... 6 Memory in non-human animals ........................................................ 9 Connectivity and behavior .............................................................. 13 Neuropil