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Health Inequality and Development Health Inequality and Development Edited by Mark McGillivray, Indranil Dutta and David Lawson Studies in Development Economics and Policy Series Editor: Finn Tarp UNU WORLD INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RESEARCH (UNU–WIDER) was established by the United Nations University as its fi rst research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland, in 1985. The purpose of the Institute is to undertake applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, to provide a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and to promote capacity strengthening and training in the fi eld of economic and social policy–making. Its work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world. UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU–WIDER) Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki, Finland Titles include: Tony Addison and Alan Roe (editors) FISCAL POLICY FOR DEVELOPMENT Poverty, Reconstruction and Growth Tony Addison, Henrik Hansen and Finn Tarp (editors) DEBT RELIEF FOR POOR COUNTRIES Tony Addison and George Mavrotas (editors) DEVELOPMENT FINANCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY The Road Ahead Tony Addison and Tilman Brück (editors) MAKING PEACE WORK The Challenges of Social and Economic Reconstruction George G. Borjas and Jeff Crisp (editors) POVERTY, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ASYLUM Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Stephany Griffi th-Jones (editors) FROM CAPITAL SURGES TO DROUGHT Seeking Stability for Emerging Economies David Fielding (editor) MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN THE FRANC ZONE Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and George Mavrotas (editors) FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTS, INSTITUTIONS, GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Shabd S. Acharya and Benjamin Davis (editors) FOOD INSECURITY, VULNERABILITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS FAILURE Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and Ravi Kanbur (editors) INFORMAL LABOUR MARKETS AND DEVELOPMENT Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis (editor) THE WTO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA Prospects and Challenges for Trade-led Growth Aiguo Lu and Manuel F. Montes (editors) POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND WELL-BEING IN ASIA DURING THE TRANSITION George Mavrotas and Anthony Shorrocks (editors) ADVANCING DEVELOPMENT Core Themes in Global Economics George Mavrotas and Mark McGillivray (editors) DEVELOPMENT AID A Fresh Look George Mavrotas (editor) DOMESTIC RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT Mark McGillivray (editor) ACHIEVING THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS Mark McGillivray (editor) HUMAN WELL-BEING Concept and Measurement Mark McGillivray, Indranil Dutta and David Lawson (editors) HEALTH INEQUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT Mark McGillivray (editor) INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND WELL-BEING Robert J. McIntyre and Bruno Dallago (editors) SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES Vladimir Mikhalev (editor) INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE DURING THE TRANSITION E. Wayne Nafziger and Raimo Väyrynen (editors) THE PREVENTION OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES Wim Naudé (editor) ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Machiko Nissanke and Erik Thorbecke (editors) THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE WORLD’S POOR Transmission Mechanisms Machiko Nissanke and Erik Thorbecke (editors) GLOBALIZATION AND THE POOR IN ASIA Matthew Odedokun (editor) EXTERNAL FINANCE FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Appraisals and Issues Amelia U. Santos-Paulino and Guanghua Wan (editors) THE RISE OF CHINA AND INDIA Impacts, Prospects and Implications Laixiang Sun (editor) OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE OF ENTERPRISES Recent Innovative Developments Guanghua Wan (editor) UNDERSTANDING INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN CHINA Methods and Applications Studies in Development Economics and Policy Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0333–96424–8 hardcover Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0230–20041–8 paperback You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of diffi culty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Health Inequality and Development Edited by Mark McGillivray, Indranil Dutta and David Lawson In association with the United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU–WIDER) © United Nations University 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-28065-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-32779-9 ISBN 978-0-230-30467-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230304673 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Contents Foreword by Finn Tarp, Director, UNU–WIDER vii Figures ix Tables x Abbreviations xiii Contributors xiv 1 Health Inequality and Development: Achieving Better Health in Developing Countries 1 Mark McGillivray (Alfred Deakin Research Institute, Deakin University, Australia), Indranil Dutta (University of Manchester, UK) and David Lawson (University of Manchester, UK) 2 Measurement and Explanation of Inequality in Health and Health Care in Low-Income Settings 20 Eddy van Doorslaer (Erasmus University, the Netherlands) and Owen O’Donnell (Macedonia University, Greece) 3 Global Inequality in Health: Disparities in Human Longevity among Countries 45 Mark McGillivray (Alfred Deakin Research Institute, Deakin University, Australia) 4 Determinants of Child Weight and Height in Sri Lanka: A Quantile Regression Approach 64 Harsha Aturupane (World Bank), Anil B. Deolalikar (University of California, USA) and Dileni Gunewardena (University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) 5 Environmental Determinants of Child Mortality in Kenya 89 Clive J. Mutunga (Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Kenya) v vi Contents 6 How Growth and Related Instabilities Lower Child Survival 111 Patrick Guillaumont (Université d’Auvergne, France), Catherine Korachais (Université d’Auvergne, France) and Julie Subervie (Université d’Auvergne, France) 7 Intra-Household Arrangements and Adult Health Satisfaction: Evidence from Mexico 132 Mariano Rojas (Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Mexico) 8 Individual and Collective Resources and Women’s Health in Morocco 154 Marie-Claude Martin (Université de Montréal, Canada) 9 Health and Female Labour Market Participation: The Case of Uganda 174 Sarah Bridges (University of Nottingham, UK) and David Lawson (University of Manchester, UK) Index 193 Foreword Global health statistics narrate an interesting story: on average, people today live longer and healthier than 50 years ago; infectious diseases have been dramatically reduced and life expectancy improved globally from 48 years in 1955 to 68 years in 2005. Despite these outcomes, disparities in health achievements are on the rise and of grave concern to policymakers. One telling statistic is that of the life expectancy for African females which was 49 years in 1978 com- pared to the world average of 63. By 1998 most of the world’s women could expect to live six years longer but the average life expectancy for women in Africa increased only by two years, widening the life expect- ancy gap between them and the rest of the world. This gap in health outcomes is not widening just across countries, but has increased within countries too, and this alarming trend is not restricted simply to poor developing countries. There are pockets in the developed world where overall health distribution has worsened. Policymakers recognize that better health is a prerequisite and a major contributor to economic growth and social cohesion. It is also recog- nized that health – owing to its intrinsic and instrumental properties – is a key dimension of wellbeing. The fact that developing country health levels are low,
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