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ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity. -
The Nestling Diet of Svalbard Snow Buntings Identified by DNA Metabarcoding
Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The nestling diet of Svalbard snow buntings identified by DNA metabarcoding — Christian Stolz BIO-3950 Master thesis in Biology, Northern Populations and Ecosystems, May 2019 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology The nestling diet of Svalbard snow buntings identified by DNA metabarcoding Christian Stolz, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway and The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway BIO-3950 Master Thesis in Biology, Northern Populations and Ecosystems, May 2018 Supervisors: Frode Fossøy, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway Øystein Varpe, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway Rolf Anker Ims, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway i Abstract Tundra arthropods have considerable ecological importance as a food source for several bird species that are reproducing in the Arctic. The actual arthropod taxa comprising the chick diet are however rarely known, complicating assessments of ecological interactions. In this study, I identified the nestling diet of Svalbard snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) for the first time. Faecal samples of snow bunting chicks were collected in Adventdalen, Svalbard in the breeding season 2018 and analysed via DNA metabarcoding. Simultaneously, the availability of prey arthropods was measured via pitfall trapping. The occurrence of 32 identified prey taxa in the nestling diet changed according to varying abundances and emergence patterns within the tun- dra arthropod community: Snow buntings provisioned their offspring mainly with the most abundant prey items which were in the early season different Chironomidae (Diptera) taxa and Scathophaga furcata (Diptera: Scathophagidae), followed by Spilogona dorsata (Diptera: Mus- cidae). -
Exposing the Structure of an Arctic Food Web Helena K
Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web Helena K. Wirta1,†, Eero J. Vesterinen2,†, Peter A. Hamback€ 3, Elisabeth Weingartner3, Claus Rasmussen4, Jeroen Reneerkens5,6, Niels M. Schmidt6, Olivier Gilg7,8 & Tomas Roslin1 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20014 Turku, Finland 3Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 4Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK–8000 Aarhus, Denmark 5Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands 6Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 7Laboratoire Biogeosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Universite de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France 8Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France Keywords Abstract Calidris, DNA barcoding, generalism, Greenland, Hymenoptera, molecular diet How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and analysis, Pardosa, Plectrophenax, specialism, dynamics. While poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly Xysticus. assumed to be simple in structure, with few links per species. If this is the case, then different parts of the web may be weakly connected to each other, with Correspondence populations and species united by only a low number of links. We provide the Helena K. Wirta, Department of Agricultural first highly resolved description of trophic link structure for a large part of a Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. high-arctic food web. -
25Th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum On
US Department of Agriculture Forest FHTET- 2014-01 Service December 2014 On the cover Vincent D’Amico for providing the cover artwork, “…and uphill both ways” CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Product Disclaimer Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions of wuthors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the United States government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. -
Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea
New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea A. Haris & B. Zsolnai Haris, A. & B. Zsolnai. New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (7), 8.vi.2007: 137-147, fi gs. 1-18.— ISSN 0024-0672. Attila Haris, H-8142 Urhida, Petöfi u. 103, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Balázs Zsolnai, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service of County Fejér, H-2481, Velence, Ország u. 23, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Hymenoptera; Symphyta; Tenthredinidae; Pristiphora; Pachynematus; Pontania; Euura; Japan; Korea; new species. Seven new species of Nematinae (Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea are described: Pachynematus hirowatari spec. nov, P. hayachinensis spec. nov., Pristiphora nigrocoreana spec. nov, P. issikii spec. nov., P. shinoharai spec. nov, Pontania nipponica spec. nov. and Euura soboensis spec. nov. Pristiphora punctifrons (Thomson, 1871) is new record for Japan. Introduction Matsumura (1912) was the fi rst to study intensively the sawfl y fauna of Japan. However, the Nematinae sawfl ies are a group that has been neglected and its species are still poorly known. As a comparison, 116 Nematinae species occur in the post-Trianon Hungary (93,000 mi2) (Haris, 2001), yet only 94 species are recorded from Japan (377,835 mi2). In this paper, I add eight species to the Japanese and Korean fauna, seven of which are new and one is new record. A revision of the Nematinae of Japan and the Far East will be published in a separate paper. The material studied is mainly in the Takeuchi collection deposited in the Univer- sity of Osaka Prefecture; one species is described from the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. -
Amauronematus Compactus Bogacheva and A
© Entomologica Fennica. 12 December 1994 Amauronematus compactus Bogacheva and A. harpicola Bogacheva (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from the Polar Urals Aleksej G. Zinovjev & Stefan Schmidt Zinovjev, A. G. & Schmidt, S. 1994: Amauronematus compactus Bogacheva and A. harpicola Bogacheva (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from the Polar Urals.- Entomol. Fennica 5:135-138. In a list of sawflies from the Polar Urals, I. A. Bogacheva briefly described and named the larvae of two Amauronematus species attributed to Zhelokhovtsev. Reared specimens with Zhelokhovtsev' s identification labels can be considered syntypes. Lectotypes of Amauronematus compactus Bogacheva, 1977 and A. harpicola Bogacheva, 1977 are designated and described. Aleksej G. Zinovjev, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia Stefan Schmidt, Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany Received 16 November 1993, accepted 30 July 1994 From 1970 to 1974 several sawfly species were lectotypes of Amauronematus harpicola Bogacheva collected and reared by I. A. Bogacheva at a and A. compactus Bogacheva, and describe them in biological field station in the northern Ob river this paper. We do not discuss the taxonomical posi region, Polar Urals. The material was sent to tions of these species, because it would need a Prof. A. N. Zhelokhovtsev for identification. He revision of some Amauronematus species groups, found two new species, labelled them Amauro and some types of species described by E. Lindqvist nematus harpicola Zhel., sp. n., and Amauro are not yet examined. nematus compactus Zhel., sp. n., but did not The number of syntypes listed below does publish any descriptions. -
The Yellow-Headed Spruce Sawfly in Maine
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1953 The Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly in Maine. Edward John Duda University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Duda, Edward John, "The Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly in Maine." (1953). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2871. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2871 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i']■])'■: Y MID W-HEADED SPRUCE I) 0 D A -19 5 3 IMORR -LD 3234 iM268 1953 D344 ✓ A**-*- The Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly in Maine Edward J. Dnda l?-1‘I^ x~ I'M ; Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Degree of Master of Science. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts June, 1953* To Mother < This thesis is dedicated in memory of Jennie E. Duds beloved mother and very dear friend, who has always been my inspiration. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is greatly indebted to H. B. Peirson, State Entomol¬ ogist of Maine who made the development of this problem possible* It was through hie generous efforts that the writer was permitted to use informa¬ tion that had been obtained while under the employ of the Maine Forest Service* Indebtedness is also expressed to The F. A* Bartlett Tree Expert Company of Stamford, Connecticut who so generously granted the author leave from his present duties to complete this work* The writer also wishes to make acknowledgements to J* F* Hanson, Assistant Professor of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, under whose direction this work was done) to W* B* Becker and R* P* Holdsworth who also, as members of the thesis committee, critically read this thesis and offered helpful suggestions) to R* W* Nash and A* E. -
Exposing the Structure of an Arctic Food
University of Groningen Exposing the structure of an arctic food web Wirta, Helena K; Vesterinen, Eero J; Hambäck, Peter A.; Weingartner, Elisabeth; Rasmussen, Claus; Reneerkens, Jeroen; Schmidt, Niels M; Gilg, Olivier; Roslin, Tomas Published in: Ecology and Evolution DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1647 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2015 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Wirta, H. K., Vesterinen, E. J., Hambäck, P. A., Weingartner, E., Rasmussen, C., Reneerkens, J., ... Roslin, T. (2015). Exposing the structure of an arctic food web. Ecology and Evolution, 5(17), 3842-3856. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1647 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-11-2019 Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web Helena K. -
ISH and That Revising (Half) the Nematinae (Tenthredinidae) of The
Hamuli The Newsletter of the International Society of Hymenopterists volume 4, issue 2 20 August 2013 In this issue... Revising Nematinae (STING) 1 ISH and that (Heraty) 1 Webmaster update (Seltmann) 6 News from the Albany Museum (Gess) 7 Challenges of large-scale taxonomy (Whitfield) 8 Hymenoptera Emporium (Sharkey) 9 Rearing Eois in Panama (Parks) 10 Relying on catalogues (Broad) 11 Wasps on the phone (Broad) 12 Hidden terrors (Heraty et al.) 14 Orasema: facts and request (Heraty) 15 Tiny hymys (Sharkey) 16 Fig. 1 Tenthredo arctica (Thomson, 1870) Abisko: Mt. Njullá above Neotropical hym course (Sharkey) 17 treeline (Sweden: Norrbottens Län); 900 m. 05.07.2012 I Encontro Internacional Sobre Vespas (Carpenter) 17 Small trick for lighting (Mikó) 18 Revising (half) the Nematinae What is fluorescing? (Mikó & Deans) 19 Hymenoptera at the Frost (Deans) 22 (Tenthredinidae) of the West Postgraduate corner (Kittel) 24 Palaearctic Paper wasps get official respect (Starr) 24 By: STI Nematinae Group (STING): Andrew D. Liston, Marko Membership information 25 Prous, Stephan M. Blank, Andreas Taeger, Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany; Erik Heibo, Lierskogen, Norway; Hege Vårdal, Swedish Mu- seum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. ISH and That The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (STI) has set the goal By: John Heraty, University of California, Riverside, USA of documenting all the estimated 60,000 multicellular species in Sweden (Miller, 2005). One of the STI projects Since I began in this field, there were three things that which recently received funding from the Swedish govern- vastly changed how all of us (behaviorists and systematics) ment is “The Swedish Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenth- operate. -
Molecular Phylogeny of the Sawfly Subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Systematic Entomology (2006),31, 569–583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00336.x Molecular phylogeny of the sawfly subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) TOMMI NYMAN1 , ALEXEY G. ZINOVJEV2 , VELI VIKBERG3 and BRIAN D. FARRELL4 1Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 3Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, Turenki, Finland, 4Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Abstract. Nematinae is one of the largest subfamilies in the sawfly family Tenthredinidae, but internal relationships are unknown in the absence of any formal phylogenetic analysis. To understand the internal phylogeny of Nematinae, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and the nuclear elongation factor-1a gene from thirteen outgroup taxa and sixty-eight nematine species, the ingroup taxa of which represent all major genera and subgenera within the subfamily. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phyloge- netic analyses of the DNA sequence data show that: (1) Nematinae are monophy- letic in a broad sense which includes Hoplocampa, Susana and the tribe Cladiini, which have been classified often into separate subfamilies; together with Craterocercus, these taxa form a paraphyletic basal grade with respect to the remaining Nematinae, but among-group relationships within the grade remain weakly resolved; (2) the remainder of the ingroup, Nematinae s. str, is monophy- letic in all combined-data analyses; (3) within Nematinae s. str, the ‘Higher’ Nematinae is divided into three groups, Mesoneura and the large tribes Nematini and Pristiphorini; (4) although the traditional classifications at the tribal level are largely upheld, some of the largest tribes and genera are obviously para- or polyphyletic; (5) according to rate-smoothed phylogenies dated with two fossil calibration points, Nematinae originated 50–120 million years ago. -
On the Biology of Nematinae with Hiding Larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) with 10 Figures
Beitr. Ent. Berlin ISSN 0005-805X 48 (1998) 1 S. 145-155 31.03.1998 On the biology of Nematinae with hiding larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) With 10 figures A l e x e y G. Z in o v jev & V e l i V k b e r g Zusammenfassung Die Larven der Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) sind gewöhnlich freilebend. Ausnahmen stellen die Triben Hoplocampini, Pseudodineurini, Pristolini und die folgenden Nematini dar: Decanematus ( = Amauronematus-viduatus-Gruppe), Pontopristia, Amauronematus-longiserra-Gruppe, Polynematus der Subtribus Nematina, die gesamte Subtribus Euurina (Euura und Pontania einschließlich der Subgenera Phyllocolpa und Eupontania), Micronematus, und Sharliphora der Subtribus Pristiphorina, sowie das nearktische Genus Neopareophora mit einer unsicheren taxonomischen Stellung. Deren Larven sind zumindest im ersten Larvalstadium entweder endophytisch oder auf andere Weise nicht typisch freilebend. Die Biologie der aufgeführten Blattwespen wird kurz diskutiert. Es wird vermutet, daß auch Nepionema, die wahrscheinlich mit Rhododendron assoziiert ist, zumindest im frühen Stadium versteckt lebt. Das Eiablageverhalten und die Gailerregung der blattrollenden Pontania wird beschrieben. Summary The larvae of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) are usually free-feeding, except for the tribes Hoplocampini, Pseudodineurini, Pristolini, and the following Nematini: Decanematus (= Amauronematus viduatus-group), Pontopristia, Pie. Amauronematus longiserra-group, Polynematus of the subtribe Nematina, the whole subtribe Euurina (Euura and Pontania including the subgenera Phyllocolpa and Eupontania), Micro nematus and Sharliphora of the subtribe Pristiphorina, and also the Nearctic genus Neopareophora with an uncertain taxonomic position. Their larvae are either endophytous or otherwise not typically free-living, at least in the earliest stage. The biology of all these sawflies is briefly discussed. -
Allochthonous Blue Spruce in Central Europe Serves As a Host for Many
JHR 51: 159–169Allochthonous (2016) blue spruce in Central Europe serves as a host for many native species... 159 doi: 10.3897/jhr.51.9219 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Allochthonous blue spruce in Central Europe serves as a host for many native species of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) Emanuel Kula1, Jaroslav Holuša2, Ladislav Roller3, Miroslav Úradník4 1 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia 4 Andreja Hlinku 2586/20, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia Corresponding author: Jaroslav Holuša ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Prous | Received 14 May 2016 | Accepted 27 June 2016 | Published 29 August 2016 http://zoobank.org/9CCF2F81-753E-4A20-A79D-D698E8526356 Citation: Kula E, Holuša J, Roller L, Úradník M (2016) Allochthonous blue spruce in Central Europe serves as a host for many native species of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 159–169. doi: 10.3897/jhr.51.9219 Abstract In air-polluted mountain areas of the Czech Republic, including the Ore Mountains, pure forest stands of introduced blue spruce (Picea pungens) were established in the 1980’s. We studied the Symphyta (Hyme- noptera) fauna in the canopies of these trees at four sites and in the canopies of adjacent Picea abies trees at one of these sites by beating tree branches. For the first time, Nearctic blue spruce is reported as a host for 17 European species of Symphyta (sawflies).