ABSTRACT in This Thesis the Theme of Afro-American Women Facing
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM ABSTRACT In this thesis the theme of Afro-American Women facing hidden racism has been compiled into useful information. The theme is still of worldwide concern after centuries of slavery and discrimination against Afro-Americans. The investigation has been divided into three main chapters. The first chapter deals with Afro-American women under pro-slavery rules. It describes the physical, sexual, and moral exploitation of black women during the era of slavery in the United States. The second chapter relates the first struggles against oppression. Here we talk about Anti-slavery Movements; Racism in the Women’s Suffrage Movement; the Sense of Emancipation according to Black women; Education and Liberation; the Black Women’s point of view; the Birth of Black Women’s Rights, and Violence and Segregation coming from feminine Ku Klux Klan Groups. The third and last chapter refers to twentieth century Afro- American women and their progress during the last 100 years. Here we find information about Birth Control and AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 1 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM Reproductive Rights; Myths; Language and Identity; the Challenge of Being Hired; the Color of Beauty; and interesting biographies of four important black women at the present time. KEY WORDS Hidden Racism, Ku Klux Klan, Reproductive Exploitation, Moral Exploitation, Abolitionist, Suffragette Movement, Emancipation. AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 2 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM INDICE DEDICATION ................................................................ - 10 - GRATITUDE .................................................................. - 11 - DEDICATION ................................................................ - 12 - GRATITUDE .................................................................. - 13 - ABSTRACT ..................................................................... - 1 - INTRODUCTION ........................................................... - 15 - AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM ... - 35 - Chapter l ........................................................................ - 35 - Afro-American Women Under Pro-Slavery Rules. ........ - 35 - 1.1 Physical Exploitation: ............................................ - 35 - Black Women Considered More Profitable Than Men. - 37 - 1.2. Sexual Exploitation: humble and accommodating towards their owners. .................................................... - 41 - 1.3. Reproductive Exploitation; continuity of the pro-slavery system. .......................................................................... - 45 - 1.4. Moral Exploitation: sales, punishment, and mutilation. - 49 - First Struggles Against Oppression ................................... 21 Chapter 2 ....................................................................... - 54 - AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 3 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM 2.1 Anti-Slavery Movements: Black Women Liberation Movements and Anti-Lynching Campaigns ................... - 54 - 2.2 Racism in The Woman Suffrage Movement ........ - 87 - 2.3 Emancipation According to Black Women. .......... - 111 - 2.4 Education and Liberation: The Black Women´s point of view. ............................................................................ - 125 - 2.5 The Birth of Black Women´s Rights. ..................... - 136 - 2.6. Violence and Segregation by feminine Ku Klux Klan Groups. ........................................................................ - 155 - Afro-American Women; Changes in the Last Century. ..... 82 Chapter 3 ........................................................................... 82 3.1 Racism, Birth Control and Reproductive Rights. ...... 172 3.2 The Past Influences the Present; Transcending the Myths. .............................................................................. 194 The Myth of Inferiority... .................................................. 198 The Myth of Unshakability. .............................................. 203 The Myth of Nonfemininity. ............................................. 205 The Myth of Criminality.................................................... 208 The Myth of Promiscuity. ................................................. 211 3.3 Language and Identity. .............................................. 215 The Denigration of Blacks ............................................... 215 AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 4 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM The Challenge of Being Bilingual and the Suppression of Speech ............................................................................ 217 3.4 The Challenge of Being Hired ................................... 223 Salient Objects: When Visibility Begets Invisibility .......... 227 The Cleanup Woman: Lots of Work, Little Recognition .. 233 Dodging The Barbs of Racism ........................................ 239 3.5 The Color of Beauty .................................................. 243 The Lily Complex………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………….....121 3.6 The most important Afro-American women in America at the present time .............................................................. 256 Michelle Obama: First Lady of the United States ............ 256 Family And Education ..................................................... 257 Career ............................................................................. 261 2008 Presidential Election ............................................... 263 Style And Fashion Sense ................................................ 269 Work Undertaken and Causes Promoted ....................... 271 Serena Williams: Professional Tennis Player ................. 274 Early Life ......................................................................... 276 Playing Style.................................................................... 278 Professional Career......................................................... 280 2002–03: "Serena Slam" ................................................. 280 AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 5 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM 2004–06: Injuries and Inconsistent Results .................... 284 2007–08: Return To Form ............................................... 289 2009 ................................................................................ 293 Off-Court Activities: Fashion ........................................... 298 Entertainment .................................................................. 299 Charity Work .................................................................... 300 Writing ............................................................................. 302 Records and Achievements ............................................ 302 Oprah Winfrey ................................................................. 305 Career and Success ........................................................ 309 Television ........................................................................ 309 Online .............................................................................. 316 Radio ............................................................................... 316 Future projects ................................................................ 317 Personal life ..................................................................... 317 Family .............................................................................. 319 Romantic history.............................................................. 320 Health .............................................................................. 325 Entrepreneurship and wealth .......................................... 325 Vanity Fair wrote ............................................................. 329 Media counterculture ....................................................... 331 AUTORAS: Lorena Albán N. - 6 - María Fernanda Palacios P. UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THEME: AFRO-AMERICAN WOMEN FACING HIDDEN RACISM Communication style ....................................................... 335 Newsweek stated ............................................................ 336 Philanthropy .................................................................... 337 South Africa ..................................................................... 339 Political advocacy ............................................................ 340 Senate seat consideration ............................................... 341 Animal rights activism.....................................................